JP6116870B2 - Evacuation structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation structure.

In the event of a disaster such as a flood or tsunami, it is common to evacuate to high ground or strong buildings.
However, if the flood or tsunami is large, the building itself may be submerged.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a residential storm-resistant building in which a building or the like is formed on a carrier type floating body. According to this storm surge resistant building, since the floating body floats up during flooding, there is no possibility that the building or the like formed on the floating body will be flooded.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses an refuge having a float. According to this refuge, the safety of the refugees on the refuge can be ensured by the float floating during flooding.

JP 2007-192007 A JP 2006-112089 A

  Since the building for evacuation of Patent Document 1 needs to construct a large-scale floating body that can float the building itself, the construction becomes large, and labor and cost for construction increase.

  In addition, although the refuge in Patent Document 2 is used only when a tsunami or flood occurs, it needs to occupy land, so the cost performance is low.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, can be used effectively during normal times, can be constructed simply and inexpensively, and when a flood or tsunami occurs The problem is to propose an evacuation structure that can ensure the safety of evacuees.

In order to solve the above problems, an evacuation structure of the present invention comprises a building main body, a floating body installed on the roof of the building main body, and a connecting portion extending from the building main body to the floating body. The floating body is made of a flat plate having a density that floats in water, and the connecting portion is made of a plurality of cables that moor the floating body to the building body when the floating body floats. The cable extends from the corner of the roof to the corner of the floating body in a diagonal position in plan view and intersects with each other, and the corner of the floating body directly above the corner of the roof A plurality of anti-rotation cables that do not intersect with other cables, and the length of the cable is not less than half of the width of the floating body even when the floating body is displaced from the rooftop. Projecting from the rooftop It is characterized by the absence of long Sadea Rukoto.

  According to such a structure for evacuation, even when a tsunami or flood of a scale that causes the building body to be submerged occurs, the floating body floats on the surface of the water. it can. Since the floating body is moored to the building main body by the connecting portion, it is not washed away.

Further, the evacuation structure can be effectively used even during normal times by using the building body as a commercial facility or a residential facility.
Furthermore, since the evacuation structure is completed only by installing the floating body and the connecting portion on the roof of the building main body, it can be constructed easily and inexpensively.

Moreover, the evacuation structure of the second invention includes a building main body, a floating body installed on the roof of the building main body, a connecting portion from the building main body to the floating body, and the building main body and the floating body. An evacuation structure including an intermediate member interposed between the floating body and the floating body, the floating body is formed of a flat plate having a density floating in water, and the connecting portion is configured to move the floating body when the floating body floats. It consists of a plurality of cables moored to the building body, and the plurality of cables are arranged so as to intersect each other between the building body and the intermediate member or between the intermediate member and the floating body. A plurality of anti-slipping cables provided, and a plurality of anti-rotation cables that do not intersect with other cables, the length of the cable is the case where the floating body is displaced from the rooftop, More than half of the width of the floating body Serial are characterized by a long Sadea Rukoto have never protrudes from the roof.

According to this evacuation structure , an intermediate member is interposed between the building main body and the floating body, and the cable is connected between the building main body and the intermediate member or between the intermediate member and the floating body. in between, it is effective in preventing because been arranged so as to intersect with other of the cable, it suspended the floating body is flown in off-site by water flow.

  If the winch which winds up the said cable to the said floating body is installed, the position of a floating body can be returned on a building main body by winding up a cable with the fall of a water level.

  If the side surface of the floating body is inclined so that the area of the lower surface of the floating body is smaller than the area of the upper surface of the floating body, the pressure of the water flow acting on the floating body can be reduced.

  According to the evacuation structure of the present invention, it can be used effectively even during normal times, can be constructed simply and inexpensively, and is safe for refugees when a flood or tsunami occurs. Can be secured.

(A) And (b) is an elevation view which shows the structure for evacuation which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view which shows a part of evacuation structure shown in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the detail of a floating body. It is an expanded sectional view showing a part of evacuation structure concerning a second embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the other form of the structure for evacuation which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure for evacuation which concerns on 3rd embodiment, Comprising: (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is an AA arrow directional view of (a). It is sectional drawing which shows the other form of the structure for evacuation which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the other form of the structure for evacuation which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure for evacuation which concerns on 4th embodiment, Comprising: (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a BB arrow directional view of (a).

<First embodiment>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the evacuation structure 1 of the first embodiment (reference embodiment) includes a building body 2, a floating body 3, and a connecting portion 4.

The building body 2 is a multi-storey building used for a house, office, or the like.
The building body 2 is made of reinforced concrete or steel-framed reinforced concrete, and has sufficient proof strength against earthquake stress, tsunami, flood water pressure, and the like.
In addition, the intended purpose and structural form of the building body 2 are not limited.

As shown in FIG. 2, the floating body 3 is installed on the roof 21 of the building main body 2, and the column accommodation holes 22 for accommodating the columns 41 that are the connecting portions 4 are formed.
The column storage hole 22 is a bottomed vertical hole opened on the rooftop 21 side, and has a depth greater than the length of the column 41. The support post holes 22 are formed according to the arrangement of the support posts 41.

  The floating body 3 is configured by a flat plate (floor slab) having a density capable of floating in water while having a density floating in water and capable of floating in water with an evacuee or the like mounted thereon.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the floating body 3 of the present embodiment includes a frame 31 formed by combining H-shaped steels having the same height, and a fiber composite material that covers the upper surface, the lower surface, and the side surface of the frame 31. It is comprised by the comprised board | plate material 32. FIG.

  In addition, the pitch of the H-section steel constituting the skeleton 31 is appropriately set according to the material and thickness of the plate member 32, the strength against deformation, and the like. Moreover, you may set the material and board thickness of the board | plate material 32 from the arrangement | positioning pitch of H-section steel.

Moreover, the material which comprises the frame 31 is not limited to H-section steel.
Moreover, you may arrange | position diagonal materials to the frame 31 as needed.

  Further, the material constituting the plate member 32 is not limited to the carbon fiber composite material. For example, the plate member 32 has a predetermined strength such as surface-treated wood or lightweight concrete and is stored for a long time. However, it is desirable that the material does not deteriorate so much.

  It is desirable to fill the inside of the floating body 3 with a filler 33 made of a material having a small specific gravity such as foamed resin.

The side surface of the floating body 3 is inclined so that the area of the lower surface of the floating body 3 is smaller than the area of the upper surface of the floating body. That is, the floating body 3 has an inverted frustum shape. Further, the floating body 3 is provided with one or more steps (not shown) corresponding to the thickness of the floating body 3 so that the evacuees can climb up to the upper surface.
In addition, the shape of the floating body 3 is not limited, For example, a side surface may be perpendicular | vertical. The staircase may be formed on the floating body 3 or may be attached separately.

As shown in FIG. 2, a handrail 34 for ensuring safety is formed on the periphery of the upper surface of the floating body 3.
The handrail 34 may be formed as necessary and may be omitted. Further, instead of the handrail 34, a wall body formed integrally with the floating body 3 may be erected on the periphery of the upper surface of the floating body 3.
In addition to the handrail 34 or in place of the handrail 34, a locking hook (not shown) for attaching safety equipment or the like (for example, a safety belt or the like) may be provided.

The floating body 3 includes a lock mechanism (not shown) for fixing to the roof 21 of the building body 2. In the event of a tsunami or a flood, the floating body 3 can be floated by releasing the lock mechanism.
The configuration of the lock mechanism is not limited, and may be, for example, a mechanical type or may be tied with a rope or the like.

The connecting portion 4 connects the building body 2 and the floating body 3.
The connection part 4 of this embodiment is comprised by the several support | pillar 41. FIG.

The column 41 is disposed (embedded) in the column housing hole 22 of the building body 2, and the upper end is fixed to the lower surface of the floating body 3. The support column 41 is arranged so as to be movable up and down (can be moved up and down), and rises as the floating body 3 rises and descends as the floating body 3 descends.
In this embodiment, the support columns 41 are arranged at the four corners of the floating body 3, but the arrangement of the support columns 41 is not limited.

The support column 41 of the present embodiment is made of a steel pipe and has sufficient strength against an impact such as a tsunami.
In addition, the material which comprises the support | pillar 41 is not limited, For example, you may use steel materials, carbon fiber composite materials, etc. other than a steel pipe.

The lower end portion of the support column 41 is accommodated in the support column accommodation hole 22 even when the floating body 3 floats, and thereby the floating body 3 is moored to the building body 2.
The support column 41 has a length equal to or greater than a value obtained by subtracting the height of the building body 2 from the assumed tsunami height, and supports the floating body 3 that has floated.

  In addition, the support | pillar 41 is provided with the stopper (not shown) for preventing the support | pillar 41 from pulling out completely from the support | pillar storage hole 22. As shown in FIG.

  Further, the connecting portion 4 may be configured so as to be separated from the floating body 3, or a stopper that prevents the column 41 from coming out may be omitted so that the connecting portion 4 can be detached from the building body 2 together with the floating body 3. By doing so, the floating body 3 can be prevented from being submerged when a tsunami or the like higher than the height of the building body 2 and the length of the support column 41 is generated, and the floating body 3 can be a lifeboat. Will function as. In preparation for use as a lifeboat, a driving means or the like may be provided.

As described above, according to the evacuation structure 1 of the first embodiment, the floating body 3 provided on the rooftop 21 of the building main body 2 floats in the water, and as shown in FIG. Even if a tsunami higher than 2 or a flood with a high water level occurs, the safety of evacuees who evacuate to the rooftop 21 can be ensured.
Since the floating body 3 is moored to the building main body 2 via the support column 41, the floating body 3 is prevented from being poured into water and is safe.

In normal times, the building body 2 can be effectively used by using it in a house or office, and the cost performance is high.
Moreover, since the building 1 for evacuation is comprised by installing the floating body 3 in the roof 21 of the building main body 2, it can construct easily and can be constructed | assembled comparatively cheaply.

  Moreover, since the side surface of the floating body 3 is inclined inward as it goes downward, the stability of the floating body 3 when floating can be ensured by flowing the water flow to the lower side of the floating body 3.

  Since the floating body 3 is covered with the plate material 32 and has a predetermined strength by the framework 31, it is not damaged by the water flow. Moreover, since the inside of the floating body 3 is filled with the filler 33, water is prevented from entering the inside.

  In addition, the pitch of the H-section steel constituting the skeleton 31 is appropriately set according to the material and thickness of the plate member 32, the strength against deformation, and the like. Moreover, you may set the material and board thickness of the board | plate material 32 from the arrangement | positioning pitch of H-section steel.

  Since the floating body 3 includes a lock mechanism (not shown) for fixing to the roof 21 of the building body 2, the floating body 3 is prevented from being blown off by a strong wind such as a typhoon.

  When the floating body 3 is lowered as the water level is lowered, the column 41 is inserted (accommodated) into the column accommodating hole 22. For this reason, after the water is drawn after a tsunami or flood disaster, the floating body 3 is returned to its original position.

  Since almost the entire surface of the rooftop 21 of the building body 2 can be used as the evacuation floating body 3 (lifeboat), the safety of many evacuees can be ensured. Further, when a lifeboat is separately installed, an installation space is required. However, according to the evacuation structure 1, the rooftop 21 can be effectively used even during normal times.

<Second Embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 4, the evacuation structure 1 according to the second embodiment (reference embodiment) is configured such that the connecting portion 4 includes a support member 42 having a hinge 43. This is different from the evacuation structure 1 of the first embodiment.

The building body 2 is a multi-storey building used for a house, office, or the like.
The floating body 3 is installed on the roof 21 of the building body, and a support member 42 is provided between the floating body 3 and the roof 21.

  An attachment portion 23 for attaching the support member 42 is formed on the rooftop 21. The attachment portion 23 pivotally supports the lower end of the support member 42.

A mounting portion 35 for mounting the support member 42 is formed on the lower surface of the floating body 3. The attachment portion 35 pivotally supports the support member 42.
Further, a wall portion 36 is erected downward on the periphery of the lower surface of the floating body 3. The wall portion 36 surrounds the support member 42 disposed on the lower side of the floating body 3.

  Since the structure of the other floating body 3 is the same as that of the floating body 3 shown in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

The connecting portion 4 is a support member 42 that extends from the building body 2 to the floating body 3 and includes a plurality of columnar bodies 44 and a hinge 43 that connects the columnar bodies 44 to each other.
In addition, the number of the columnar bodies 44 and the number of the hinges 43 are not limited, and the total extension of the columnar bodies 44 is equal to or greater than a value obtained by subtracting the height of the building main body 2 from the assumed height of the tsunami. It may be set as appropriate (see FIG. 5).

  The support member 42 is normally arranged in a folded state between the building body 2 and the floating body 3, and when a tsunami or flood higher than the height of the building body 2 occurs, the floating body The floating body 3 is moored to the building body 2 while extending as the floating body 3 floats.

  As described above, according to the evacuation structure 1 of the second embodiment, it is not necessary to form a space (such as the column accommodation hole 22 in FIG. 2) for housing the connecting portion 4 in the building body 2. While being able to construct, the freedom degree of utilization of the building main body 2 becomes high. It can also be applied to existing buildings.

  Since the connection part 4 is surrounded by the wall part 36, the connection part 4 is prevented from being exposed to sunlight or wind. Therefore, the deterioration of the connecting portion 4 can be prevented.

  Since the effect by the structure 1 for evacuation of other 2nd embodiment is the same as the content shown in 1st embodiment, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

<Third embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 6, the evacuation structure 1 according to the third embodiment is a first embodiment in which the connecting portion 4 includes a cable 45 and the connecting portion 4 includes a support column 41 and a support member 42. It differs from the evacuation structure 1 of the form and the evacuation structure 1 of the second embodiment.

In the present embodiment, eight cables 45 are disposed between the building body 2 and the floating body 3. The cable 45 extends obliquely upward from the corner of the roof 21 of the building body 2 and reaches the corner of the floating body 3 at a diagonal position in plan view, and is directly above the corner of the roof 21. The anti-rotation cable 45b reaching the corner of the floating body 3 is provided.

The detent cables 45a cross each other. On the other hand, the anti-rotation cable 45b does not intersect with the other cables 45.
The number and arrangement of the cables 45 are not limited.

  The length of the cable 45 is set so that the height position of the floating body 3 when the cable 45 is fully extended is equal to or higher than the assumed tsunami height, and the floating body 3 is displaced from the rooftop 21. Even if it exists, it is set as the length which half or more of the width | variety L of the floating body 3 does not protrude.

  Normally, the cable 45 is arranged so as not to be entangled between the building body 2 and the floating body 3, and when a tsunami or a flood exceeding the height of the building body 2 occurs, the floating body The floating body 3 is moored to the building body 2 while extending as the floating body 3 floats.

As described above, according to the evacuation structure 1 of the third embodiment, since the shift prevention cables 45a intersect each other, when the floating body 3 is floated, the floating body 3 is displaced by the water flow. Can be minimized.
Therefore, there is no possibility that the floating body 3 is displaced from the rooftop 21 and falls when the floating body 3 is lowered as the water level is lowered .

  Moreover, since the rotation prevention cable 45b is arrange | positioned, it is also prevented that the floating body 3 rotates with a water flow.

  In addition, when the difference between the assumed tsunami height and the rooftop 21 of the building body 2 is relatively small, as shown in FIG. 7, the corners of the rooftop 21 do not cross the four cables 45. You may extend from right above. In this case, since the length of the cable 45 is small with respect to the width of the floating body 3, the deviation of the floating body 3 from the rooftop 21 can be suppressed, and there is no possibility that the floating body 3 falls from the rooftop 21.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, a winch 37 that can wind up the cable 46 from the building body 2 to the floating body 3 may be installed in the floating body 3. In this way, when the floating body 3 that has floated as the water level rises, such as a tsunami, descends as the water level falls, the cable 46 is wound up by the winch 37 to return the floating body 3 to the original position on the rooftop 21. It becomes possible.

  Since the effect by the evacuation structure 1 of other 3rd embodiment is the same as the content shown in 2nd embodiment, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

<Fourth embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 9, the evacuation structure 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the third point in that the connecting part 4 is provided with an intermediate member 47 between the building body 2 and the floating body 3. This is different from the evacuation structure 1 of the embodiment.

The connecting portion 4 includes a plurality of cables 45 and an intermediate member 47.
The intermediate member 47 of the present embodiment is configured by a plate material having a smaller planar area than the floating body 3. The intermediate member 47 has a density that floats in water.
Although the shape of the intermediate member 47 is not limited, it is desirable that the intermediate member 47 has a plane area equal to or less than the plane area of the floating body 3.

  Eight cables 45 are arranged between the building body 2 and the intermediate member 47 and between the intermediate member 47 and the floating body 3, respectively.

  The cable 45 disposed between the building main body 2 and the intermediate member 47 extends obliquely upward from the corner of the roof 21 of the building main body 2 and is the intermediate member closest to the corner of the roof 21 and the corner. The anti-rotation cable 45b that connects the corners of the 47 and the slip prevention cable 45a that connects the corner of the rooftop 21 and the corner of the intermediate member 47 farthest from the corner.

  Similarly, the cable 45 disposed between the intermediate member 47 and the floating body 3 also extends obliquely downward from the corner portion of the floating body 3, and the corner portion of the floating body 3 and the intermediate member 47 closest to the corner portion. The anti-rotation cable 45b that connects the corners and the locking cable 45a that connects the corners of the floating body 3 and the corners of the intermediate member 47 farthest from the corners.

The detent cables 45a cross each other. On the other hand, the anti-rotation cable 45b does not intersect with the other cables 45.
The number and arrangement of the cables 45 are not limited.

  The length of the cable 45 is set so that the height position of the floating body 3 when the cable 45 is fully extended is equal to or higher than the height of the assumed tsunami, and the floating body 3 is displaced from the rooftop 21. Even if it exists, let it be the length which more than half of the width | variety of the floating body 3 does not protrude.

  The cable 45 is normally arranged between the building main body 2 and the intermediate member 47 or between the intermediate member 47 and the floating body 3 so as not to be entangled with each other, and is higher than the height of the building main body 2. When a tsunami or flood occurs, the floating body 3 stretches as the floating body 3 floats, and the floating body 3 is moored to the building body 2.

  As mentioned above, according to the evacuation structure 1 of 4th embodiment, the effect similar to the evacuation structure 1 shown in 3rd embodiment can be obtained.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, it can change suitably.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Evacuation structure 2 Building main body 3 Floating body 37 Winch 4 Connection part 41 Support | pillar 42 Support member 43 Hinge 45 Cable 47 Intermediate member

Claims (2)

An evacuation structure comprising a building body, a floating body installed on the roof of the building body, and a connecting portion from the building body to the floating body,
The floating body is a flat plate having a density floating in water,
The connecting portion is composed of a plurality of cables that moor the floating body to the building body when the floating body floats,
The plurality of cables are:
A plurality of anti-slipping cables from the corners of the roof to the corners of the floating body in a diagonal position in plan view and intersecting each other,
From the corner of the roof to the corner of the floating body just above, a plurality of anti-rotation cables that do not intersect with other cables ,
The length of the cable, even when the floating body is shifted from the roof, and wherein the length Sadea Rukoto never protrude more than half of the width of the floating body from the roof, for evacuation Structure. For evacuation comprising a building body, a floating body installed on the roof of the building body, a connecting portion from the building body to the floating body, and an intermediate member interposed between the building body and the floating body A structure,
The floating body is a flat plate having a density floating in water,
The connecting portion is composed of a plurality of cables that moor the floating body to the building body when the floating body floats,
The plurality of cables are arranged between the building main body and the intermediate member, or between the intermediate member and the floating body, the plurality of anti-slipping cables arranged to cross each other, and other With multiple anti-rotation cables that do not cross the cable ,
The length of the cable, even when the floating body is shifted from the roof, and wherein the length Sadea Rukoto never protrude more than half of the width of the floating body from the roof, for evacuation Structure.

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