JP6115841B2 - Lead acid battery - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a lead storage battery such as a control valve type.

  Control valve type lead-acid batteries for automobiles and the like are required to have a high capacity in order to increase dark current due to an increase in electrical components and to supply power to electrical components when idling is stopped. When the capacity is increased, it is necessary to keep the engine start performance represented by low temperature HR performance or the like within an allowable range and to keep lead sulfate accumulation (sulfation) within the allowable range. The low-temperature HR performance can be evaluated by, for example, the low-temperature HR capacity, and sulfation is likely to proceed at low temperatures in high-density electrolytes.

  As for related prior art, Patent Document 1 (WO2007 / 36979) is superior in idling stop life and battery capacity (5-hour rate capacity) by containing aluminum ions and lithium ions in the electrolytic solution. Discloses that a liquid lead-acid battery can be obtained. However, the influence of the density of the electrolytic solution has not been studied. Moreover, it is not disclosed that aluminum ions and lithium ions are contained in the electrolyte of a control valve type lead-acid battery.

WO2007 / 36979

The subject of this invention is providing the lead storage battery which improved the low temperature HR performance .

In the lead storage battery of the present invention, an electrode plate group in which a separator is interposed between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate is accommodated in a battery case , and the electrolyte has a density of 1.32 g / cm ³ or more in a fully charged state at 20 ° C. 1.36 g / cm ³ or less , and lithium ions are contained in an amount of 0.02 mol / L to 0.3 mol / L. In this way, the low temperature HR performance can be improved.
Preferably, the lead acid battery is a control valve type lead acid battery in which an electrolytic solution is held in the electrode plate group and the separator.
In the present invention, the density of the electrolytic solution in a fully charged state at 20 ° C. is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less. When the electrolyte density is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less, the low temperature HR capacity is specifically increased.

  The fully charged state is a state where the charging rate is substantially 100%. For example, it can be realized by charging an amount of electricity of about 150% of the rated capacity in about 10 hours. Hereinafter, the density of the electrolytic solution represents the density in a fully charged state at 20 ° C.

Characteristic chart showing the density in a fully charged state at 20 ° C, the low-temperature HR capacity, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated after an idling stop life test in an electrolyte containing 0.1 mol / L lithium ions and 0.05 mol / L aluminum ions

Embodiment:
In the control valve type lead storage battery in which the electrode plate group in which the separator is interposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is accommodated in the battery case, and the electrolytic solution is held in the electrode plate group and the separator. Electrolyte has a density of 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less in a fully charged state at 20 ° C., 0.02 mol / L or more to 0.3 mol / L or less of aluminum ion, and 0.02 mol / L or more of lithium ion. Contains 0.3 mol / L or less . Note that when the aluminum ion concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L, the low-temperature HR capacity decreases and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation also increases compared to the case where the aluminum ion concentration is 0.2 mol / L. Even when the lithium ion concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L, the low-temperature HR capacity similarly decreases and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation also increases compared to the case where the lithium ion concentration is 0.2 mol / L. Therefore, preferably, the aluminum ion concentration in the electrolytic solution is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less, and the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less.

When the the electrolyte of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery containing an aluminum ion and lithium ion, the effect of these ions, the density of the electrolyte is particularly high in the range of ^{1.32g / cm 3 ~1.36g / cm 3} . Figure 1 shows that the aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.05 mol / L, the lithium ion concentration is fixed at 0.1 mol / L, and the electrolyte density of the control valve type lead-acid battery is 1.28 g / cm ³ to 1.37 g / cm ³ . It shows the characteristics when changing in the range. The low-temperature HR capacity specified in 9.5.3b) of JIS D 5301: 2006 and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated when the idling stop life test specified in the battery industry association standard SBA S 0101: 2006 was conducted at 0 ° C The relative value which makes the comparative example which does not contain ion and lithium ion 100% is shown on the vertical axis. In the examples, when the electrolyte density is as high as 1.32 g / cm ³ or more, accumulation of lead sulfate is remarkable at low temperatures. Therefore, the idling stop life test was conducted at 0 ° C. instead of 25 ° C. Control valve type lead-acid batteries with little accumulation of lead sulfate at ℃ showed little accumulation of lead sulfate even at 25 ℃.

When the electrolyte density is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less, the low-temperature HR capacity is specifically increased, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation is also specifically reduced within this range. In general, the discharge capacity of the control valve type lead storage battery is increased by increasing the density of the electrolytic solution. On the other hand, the accumulation of lead sulfate tends to progress and the low-temperature HR performance decreases. For this reason, when aluminum ions and lithium ions are contained in the electrolyte solution having a density of 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less, respectively, 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, the discharge of the control valve type lead storage battery Capacitance can be increased, and low-temperature HR performance and idling stop life performance can be improved.

When the density of the electrolyte is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less and contains lithium ions of 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, the aluminum ion concentration is changed from 0.01 mol / L to 0.02 mol / L. By increasing the amount of lead sulfate, the amount of lead sulfate accumulated can be significantly reduced. When the aluminum ion concentration is increased from 0.2 mol / L to 0.3 mol / L, the amount of lead sulfate accumulated increases again, and the low-temperature HR capacity decreases. Therefore, the aluminum ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, preferably 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less.

When the density of the electrolyte is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less and contains aluminum ions of 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, the lithium ion concentration is changed from 0.01 mol / L to 0.02 mol / L. By increasing, the low-temperature HR capacity can be increased and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated can be reduced. When the lithium ion concentration is increased from 0.2 mol / L to 0.3 mol / L, the amount of lead sulfate accumulation increases and the low-temperature HR capacity also decreases. Therefore, the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, preferably 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less. Therefore, as a whole, the density of the electrolytic solution is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less, the aluminum ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, and the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L. L to 0.3 mol / L. Preferably, the density of the electrolytic solution is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less, the aluminum ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less, and the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 or less. Use mol / L or less.

  Hereinafter, an optimum embodiment of the present invention will be described. In carrying out the present invention, the embodiments can be appropriately changed in accordance with common sense of those skilled in the art and disclosure of prior art.

  Synthetic resin fibers are added to the lead powder produced by the ball mill method, and water and dilute sulfuric acid are added to make a paste. The Pb-Ca-Sn positive electrode lattice is filled with aging and drying, and the unformed positive electrode plate It was. Synthetic resin fibers, barium sulfate, carbon black and lignin are added to the lead powder produced by the ball mill method, and water and dilute sulfuric acid are added to form a paste, which is then filled into a Pb-Ca-Sn negative electrode lattice and aged and dried. To give an unformed negative electrode plate. Prepare 5 unformed negative electrode plates and 4 unformed positive electrode plates, fold a retainer mat made of fine glass fiber into U shape, wrap the positive electrode plate, put it in the battery case while applying pressure, negative electrode plate The upper ear portions were welded together to form an unformed negative electrode plate group, and the upper ear portions of the positive electrode plate were welded together to form an unformed positive electrode plate group. Note that instead of the retainer mat, a gelled electrolytic solution may be used, or an electrolytic solution containing granular silica may be used.

Aluminum sulfate and lithium sulfate are added so that the aluminum ion content and the lithium ion content are each 0 to 0.3 mol / L, and the density at 20 ° C. is 1.28 to 1.37 g in a fully charged state after chemical conversion. Dilute sulfuric acid having a density changed so as to be / cm ³ was prepared. This dilute sulfuric acid was poured into a battery case, and the battery case was formed in a 25 ° C. water tank to obtain a B20 size control valve type lead acid battery. The material and manufacturing method of the positive and negative grids are arbitrary, and the lead powder is not limited to the one based on the ball mill method, but may be one based on the Barton method or the like, and the content of the lead tan is arbitrary. Further, the amount and type of additives to the lead powder, the content of impurities, etc. are arbitrary. The kind of compound for containing aluminum ion and lithium ion is arbitrary. Each sample was manufactured under the same conditions except for the density of the electrolytic solution, the aluminum ion content, and the lithium ion content.

  Prepare three control valve storage batteries with the same density and composition of the electrolyte, perform a low-temperature HR discharge test, and measure the discharge duration until the terminal voltage drops to 6V when discharged at -15 ° C at 300A. did. After the low-temperature HR discharge test, the control valve storage battery was fully charged, and an idling stop life test was conducted at 0 ° C. According to the Battery Industry Association Standard, the idling stop life test was repeated at 45 ° C for 59 seconds at 25 ° C, 300 A for 1 second, and charged and discharged for 60 seconds at 14 V for 40 to 48 hours every 3600 cycles. The storage battery is left unattended (SBA S 0101: 2006). However, as the density of the electrolyte increased, sulfation at low temperatures became more prominent. Then, charging / discharging in the idling stop life test was terminated at 14400 cycles, the control valve storage battery was disassembled, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation in the negative electrode was measured.

  The results are shown in Table 1 with the average values of the three control valve storage batteries. The aluminum ion content was fixed at 0.05 mol / L, the lithium ion content was fixed at 0.1 mol / L, and the density of the electrolyte was changed. The results are shown in FIG. The result is shown as a relative value with the density of the electrolytic solution being the same and a comparative example having no aluminum ion or lithium ion as 100. When both the aluminum ion content and the lithium ion content are 0, the discharge capacity increases as the electrolyte density increases, but sulfation tends to progress and the low-temperature HR capacity tends to decrease.

The main results are shown in FIG. In electrolytes containing both aluminum ions and lithium ions, increasing the density from 1.30 g / cm ³ to 1.32 g / cm ³ significantly reduces lead sulfate accumulation and increases the low-temperature HR capacity rapidly. When the density of the electrolytic solution is 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ , the accumulation of lead sulfate is small and the low-temperature HR capacity is large. However, when the density of the electrolyte is 1.37 g / cm ³ , the accumulation of lead sulfate increases and the low-temperature HR capacity also decreases.

When the electrolyte density is fixed at 1.32 g / cm ³ , the aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.05 mol / L, and the lithium ion concentration is changed, the lithium ion concentration is increased from 0.01 mol / L to 0.02 mol / L. As a result, the low-temperature HR capacity increases rapidly. In addition, the amount of lead sulfate accumulation decreases with the lithium ion concentration up to 0.2 mol / L, but when the lithium ion concentration is 0.3 mol / L, the low-temperature HR capacity slightly decreases and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation also increases. Accordingly, the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, preferably 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less. It should be noted that when the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, the low-temperature HR capacity increases and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation decreases, even if the electrolyte concentration and aluminum ion concentration are changed. is there.

When the electrolyte density is fixed at 1.32 g / cm ³ , the lithium ion concentration is fixed at 0.1 mol / L, and the aluminum ion concentration is changed, the aluminum ion concentration is increased from 0.01 mol / L to 0.02 mol / L. As a result, the amount of lead sulfate accumulated rapidly decreases. The aluminum ion concentration is 0.02mol / L or more and 0.3ml / L or less, the low-temperature HR capacity is large, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation is small. And when the aluminum ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less, the low temperature HR capacity increases and the amount of lead sulfate accumulation decreases, even if the electrolyte density and lithium ion concentration are changed. . If the aluminum ion concentration is 0.3 mol / L, the amount of lead sulfate accumulated increases and the low-temperature HR capacity decreases, so the aluminum ion concentration is preferably 0.2 mol / L or less.

Claims (2)

In a lead-acid battery containing a plate group in which a separator is interposed between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate in a battery case,
Electrolyte has a density of 1.32 g / cm ³ or more and 1.36 g / cm ³ or less in a fully charged state at 20 ° C. , and contains lithium ions 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.3 mol / L or less. Storage battery. The lead storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery in which an electrolyte is held in the electrode plate group and the separator.

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