JP6110306B2 - 組織傷害を診断するための新規な抗体 - Google Patents
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Description
この出願は、2010年11月29日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/417,682号を基礎とする優先権を主張し、その主題の全てを本願明細書に取り込む。
新規な抗iC3b抗体は、抗原iC3b上の新規なエピトープに結合する。この抗体は、C3cまたはC3dには結合しなかった。前記C3分子は、活性化によりC3bとC3aとに変換される。C3bは、I因子により不活性化されて、iC3bを生じる。新規な抗iC3b抗体は、前記iC3b分子上の新規なエピトープを認識した。この新規な抗体がC3cに結合しなかったことは、C3b分子のα鎖およびβ鎖が、前記新規なエピトープを有していないことを、示唆している。抗iC3b抗体がC3cおよびC3dに交差反応しないことは、前記C3cおよびC3dが生じる際、抗体が認識するエピトープが失われることを、示唆している。新規な抗iC3b抗体は、in vivoにおいても組織に対して同様の結合挙動を示すと期待される。
新規な抗C3d抗体は、C3b分子のα鎖およびβ鎖を含むC3c分子には結合しなかった。C3bの切断により、C3cとC3dとが生じる。前記C3d分子は、前記C3b分子から放出され、C3cを生じる。新規な抗C3d抗体は、前記C3d分子に特異的に結合するが、C3cには結合しない。
新規な抗Bb抗体は、B因子には結合しないが、非新規の抗Bb抗体は、B因子に結合する。Bbは、代替経路に特有のタンパク質であり、前記新規な抗Bb抗体により検出され得る。
新規な抗C5b−9抗体は、1.12nMの親和性で、基板に結合したC9を認識する。基板に結合したC9の機能は、SC5b−9複合体における重合体のC9と同様である。重合体のC9は、補体経路の活性化により生じる新規なエピトープを含む。前記新規な抗体は、SC5b−9複合体における重合体のC9により生じるエピトープに結合する。新規な抗SC5b−9抗体は、1.12nMの親和性で、基板に結合した(重合体の)C9に結合する。これと比較して、SC5b−9に対するこの抗体の結合親和性は、585pMである。この新規な抗体は、基板に結合したC5、C6、C7およびC8のタンパク質に結合しなかった。
C5、C6、C7、C8およびC9のタンパク質が、実施例4におけるELISAプレートに結合することを確認するために、これらのタンパク質を、各抗体を使用して検出した。抗C5抗体、抗C6抗体、抗C7抗体、抗C8抗体および抗C9抗体は、前記基板に結合したタンパク質に結合可能であった。図5に示すように、前記抗体は、同様の親和性で、各抗原に結合した。図5に単一濃度のプロットを示す。
図6に示すように、抗C5抗体がC5に結合するが、SC5b−9複合体におけるC5bを検出しないことは、抗C5抗体はC5b−9により引き起こされる組織損傷を検出し得ないことを、示唆している。本発明では、SC5b−9またはC5b−9上の新規なエピトープを認識する新規な抗体を選択する。
図7に示すように、抗C6抗体がC6およびSC5b−9複合体に、およそ200pMの同様の親和性で結合することは、抗C6抗体がC6およびSC5b−9の両方を検出し、SC5b−9と遊離のC6とを区別しないであろうことを、示唆している。
図8に示すように、抗C7抗体がC7およびSC5b−9複合体に、200〜400pMの範囲で結合することは、抗C7抗体がC7およびSC5b−9の両方を検出し、SC5b−9と遊離のC7とを区別しないであろうことを、示唆している。
図9に示すように、抗C8抗体がC8およびSC5b−9複合体に、600〜1000pMの範囲の親和性で結合することは、抗C8抗体がC8およびSC5b−9の両方を検出し、SC5b−9と遊離のC8とを区別しないであろうことを、示唆している。
図10に示すように、抗C9抗体がC9に結合し、SC5b−9複合体に結合しないことは、抗C9抗体がSC5b−9を認識しないために、組織損傷を検出しないであろうことを、示唆している。
新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、基板に結合したC9を、1.12nMの親和性で認識する。基板に結合したC9は、重合体のC9と同様の特性を示し得る。重合体のC9を人工的に作り出しているため、C9は、単量体を含む重合体として存在する場合がある。前記基板に結合したC9は、重合体のC9と共通点があり得る。重合体のC9は、活性化により生じる新規なエピトープを含む。前記新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、重合体のC9および前記SC5b−9複合体における重合体のC9に結合する。前記新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、1.12nMの親和性で、基板に結合した(重合体の)C9に結合する。これと比較して、SC5b−9に対するこの抗体の結合親和性は、585nMである。この抗体には、基板に結合したC5、C6、C7およびC8のタンパク質への結合が見られなかった。
図1〜11の結果は、新規な抗体が、重合体のC9の発生により生じる組織損傷を検出することを説明している。例えば、新規な抗iC3b抗体、新規な抗C3d抗体、新規な抗Bb抗体および新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、補体活性化の種々の工程において、AP活性化を検出する。新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、AP活性化の最終工程を検出する。C5b−9複合体が細胞溶解に重要であるため、重合体のC9が存在することは、組織損傷を示す。in vivoにおいて、新規な抗重合体C9抗体が重合体のC9に特異的に結合するのを確認するために、競合アッセイを行った。このアッセイでは、過剰量の正常なヒト血清を使用して、新規な抗重合体C9抗体への結合について、基板に結合したSC5b−9と競合させた。正常なヒト血清は、新規な抗重合体C9抗体の基板に結合したSC5b−9に対する結合を、生理的な血清濃度の50%の高さまで阻害しなかった。したがって、新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、in vivoにおいて、C5b−9に対して特異的であり、血清に存在する遊離の補体タンパク質には結合しない。血清中に存在するC9量は、通常、60μg/mlである。今回の研究で使用した最も高い濃度の血清は、50%であり、C9は30μg/mlに換算される。nMの条件において、それぞれに希釈して使用した血清中のC9の濃度は、422nM、253nM、126nM、42nM、25nM、12nM、4.2nM、2.5nM、1.3nM、0.42nMおよび0nMである。
新規な抗重合体抗体が、正常なヒト血清から生じる、沈着したC5b−9に結合するかを判定するために、in vitroアッセイを使用した。このアッセイにおいて、リポ多糖(LPS)で被覆したウェルを、バッファー中に50%、30%、20%、10%、8%、6%、4%および0%とした正常なヒト血清でインキュベートし、代替経路(AP)を活性化させた。LPSは、代替経路を活性化することで知られている。結果として、LPSの表面にC5b−9が生じる。抗C5抗体、抗C6抗体、抗C7抗体、抗C8抗体および抗C9抗体ならびに新規な抗重合体C9抗体を使用して、新たに沈着したC5b−9を検出した。抗C6抗体、抗C7抗体および抗C8抗体は、沈着したC5b−9を検出可能であった。さらに、新規な抗重合体C9抗体は沈着したC5b−9を検出したが、抗単量体C9抗体は沈着したC5b−9を検出しなかった。新規な抗重合体C9抗体が高い親和性でC5b−9に結合したことは、この抗体がin vivoにおいて生じるC5b−9を検出するのに、効果的であろうことを示した。
IRBの承認のもと、アイ・バンクを通じて、AMD患者から眼球を取得した。パラフィンブロックを調製し、黄斑が表示されるように、切片を切り出した。新規な抗重合体C9抗体を使用して、前記切片を染色した。図14に示すように、AMD患者由来の組織において、新規な抗重合体C9抗体は、重合体のC9の沈着によるドルーセンを検出した。したがって、正常と分類される個体には、AMDのリスクがある場合がある。
Claims (9)
- 被験者の組織上に沈着した新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントの新規なエピトープに結合する新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントの試料を被験者の組織に対して投与することと、
前記被験者の組織上に沈着した前記新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントの新規なエピトープに結合した新規な抗体の量を検出することと、
前記被験者の組織上に沈着した前記新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントに結合した新規な抗体の量が、沈着した補体活性化産物の指標であり、組織傷害を有さない被験者の対照群における基準値レベルと比較して組織傷害を有する被験者において著しく増加していることとを含む被験者における組織傷害の進展の診断に用いられる、新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントの新規なエピトープに結合する新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントであって、前記新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントが新規な抗C5b−9抗体であり、かつ前記新規な抗C5b−9抗体が、重合体のC9に結合できるが、単量体のC9に結合できない、新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。 - 前記組織傷害が、組織に対する疾病の結果である、請求項1記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 前記組織傷害が、眼疾患の結果である、請求項1記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 前記眼疾患が、黄斑変性関連疾患である、請求項3記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 前記眼疾患が、加齢黄斑変性である、請求項4記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 前記新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントが、標識試薬、造影剤、又は画像化試薬で標識されており、前記組織に投与された前記標識された新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントを定量するために前記標識試薬、造影剤、又は画像化試薬による前記標識が検出される、請求項1に記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 前記標識が、放射性又は非放射性のトレース、 99m Tc、免疫陽電子放出トモグラフィー、及び二光子画像化剤よりなる群から選択され得る標識である、請求項6に記載の新規な抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 被験者の組織上に沈着した新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントの新規なエピトープに結合する新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントの試料を被験者の組織に対して投与を行い、
前記被験者の組織上に沈着した前記新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントの新規なエピトープに結合した新規な抗体の量の検出であって、
前記被験者の組織上に沈着した前記新規なエピトープを有する補体タンパク質またはフラグメントに結合した新規な抗体の量が、沈着した補体活性化産物の指標であり、組織傷害を有さない被験者の対照群における基準値レベルと比較して組織傷害を有する被験者において著しく増加していることの検出を行うための、被験者における組織傷害の進展を診断するキットであって、
前記組織に投与された標識された新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントを定量するために検出される、標識試薬、造影剤、又は画像化試薬で標識された新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントの試料を含み、
前記新規な抗体またはそのフラグメントが新規な抗C5b−9抗体であり、かつ前記新規な抗C5b−9抗体が、重合体のC9に結合できるが、単量体のC9に結合できない、被験者における組織傷害の進展を診断するキット。 - 前記標識が、放射性又は非放射性のトレース、99mTc、免疫陽電子放出トモグラフィー、及び二光子画像化剤よりなる群から選択され得る標識である、請求項8に記載のキット。
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