JP6101499B2 - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a wind turbine generator that can increase the generated power and the operating rate by providing a solar cell panel on the surface of the wind turbine of the wind turbine generator as compared with the case where power is generated only by the wind turbine. ing.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-34175

  By the way, in the technique disclosed by patent document 1, the method of transmitting the electric power generated with the solar cell panel to the nacelle where the generator was arrange | positioned is not disclosed. Generally, when transmitting electric power through a rotating shaft, electric power is transmitted by bringing a rotating electrode provided on the rotating shaft into contact with a fixed electrode. However, in such a method, since mechanical friction is generated, a power transmission loss or a failure may occur due to poor contact. Moreover, since the wind turbine generator is arranged at a high place, there is a high possibility of encountering a lightning strike. When a lightning strike is encountered, a very large current flows between the rotating electrode and the fixed electrode. For this reason, it causes a failure.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator that efficiently transmits electric power and is less likely to fail.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a wind power generator that converts wind power into rotational force by a windmill and generates electric power by driving a generator by the rotational force. The shaft or a part of the rotating shaft is disposed at a predetermined distance, and the total width including the predetermined distance is λ / 2π or less which is a near field, and depends on the rotating shaft or the rotating shaft The rotating first and second electrodes and the first and second electrodes are separated from each other by a distance of λ / 2π or less, which is a near field, and the rotating shaft or the support that supports the rotating shaft is predetermined. And the third and fourth electrodes having a total width including the predetermined distance equal to or less than λ / 2π, which is the near field, and the first and second electrodes or the AC with a predetermined frequency for the third and fourth electrodes Applying a force, for transferring power between these electrodes in a non-contact, characterized in that.
According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide a wind turbine generator that efficiently transmits power and is less likely to fail.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the first and second electrodes are formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular or polygonal cross section corresponding to the circumference of the predetermined rotating shaft or rotating shaft. And a first width that is arranged at a predetermined distance in the axial direction and has a total width including the predetermined distance of λ / 2π or less, which is a near field, and rotates according to the rotating shaft or the rotating shaft. Consists of a second rotating electrode, the third and fourth electrodes are formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular or polygonal cross section corresponding to the first and second rotating electrodes, The first and second rotating electrodes are separated from each other by a distance of λ / 2π or less, which is a near field, and are arranged at a predetermined distance in the axial direction, and the total width including the predetermined distance is the near field. λ / 2π or less, the rotating shaft or the rotating shaft Constituted by the third and fourth fixed electrodes provided on the support member for supporting, characterized in that.
According to such a configuration, power can be transmitted and received between the rotating shaft and its peripheral portion.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the first and second electrodes include a first center electrode provided at a center of an end surface of the predetermined rotating shaft or the rotating shaft, and the first center electrode. A total width from the center of the axis including the predetermined distance is λ / 2π or less, which is a near field, having a surrounding annular shape, arranged at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the outer edge of the first center electrode The first central electrode and the first annular electrode are rotated according to the rotation axis or the rotation axis, and the third and fourth electrodes are A second center electrode facing the first center electrode and spaced by a distance of λ / 2π or less, which is a near field; and an annular shape surrounding the second center electrode, Two predetermined distances in the radial direction from the outer edge of the center electrode, and the predetermined distance And a second annular electrode having a total width from the center of the axis including the near field of λ / 2π or less, and the second central electrode and the second annular electrode are formed by the rotation shaft or the rotation It is provided in the support body which supports a shaft, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
According to such a configuration, power can be transmitted and received at the end face of the rotating shaft.

Further, one aspect of the present invention is a nacelle in which the generator is disposed, a tower in which the nacelle is disposed at a predetermined height from the ground, and the nacelle is rotatably supported according to a wind direction. The rotating shaft is a yaw axis between the nacelle and the tower, and transmits electric power from the nacelle to the tower in a non-contact manner.
According to such a configuration, even when the nacelle is rotated by the wind, it is possible to efficiently transmit power and to prevent a failure due to lightning.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a solar battery panel is disposed on a surface of the windmill, the rotating electrode is disposed on a rotating shaft of the windmill, and the fixed electrode is disposed on a nacelle where the generator is disposed. The power generated by the solar cell panel of the windmill is transmitted in a non-contact manner to the nacelle.
According to such a structure, the electric power from the solar cell panel arrange | positioned on the surface of a windmill can be transmitted efficiently.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the nacelle is disposed at a predetermined height from the ground, and the nacelle includes a tower that is rotatably supported according to a wind direction. A battery panel is arranged, and electric power including electric power generated by the solar battery panel arranged in the nacelle is transmitted from the nacelle to the tower in a contactless manner.
According to such a configuration, the area of the nacelle body can also be used effectively.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while transmitting electric power efficiently, it becomes possible to provide the wind power generator which is hard to fail.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the wind power generator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part 21 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part 30 shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation principle of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation principle of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of FIG. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the transmission efficiency and reflection loss of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input impedance characteristic of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the other structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the other structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG. It is the equivalent circuit of FIG. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the transmission efficiency and reflection loss of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input impedance characteristic of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the other structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the other structural example of the non-contact electric power transmission part shown to FIG.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

(A) Description of Configuration of Embodiment FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in this figure, the wind turbine generator according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a wind turbine 10, a nacelle 20, a non-contact power transmission unit 30, a tower 40, and a power transmission device 50 as main components.

  Here, the windmill 10 converts the wind force into a rotational force and transmits it to the nacelle 20 via the rotating shaft 14. A solar cell panel 11 is disposed on the surface of the windmill 10, and electric power generated by the solar cell panel 11 is conducted to the conversion unit 13 through a connection line (not shown). The conversion unit 13 is arranged in a hub 12 arranged in the center of the windmill 10, performs MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control so that the efficiency of the solar battery panel 11 is maximized, and converts DC power to a predetermined frequency. And is supplied to the non-contact power transmission unit 21 via the connection line 15.

  The nacelle 20 includes a non-contact power transmission unit 21, a speed increaser 22, a generator 23, a synthesis unit 24, and connection lines 25 to 27 as main components.

  Here, as will be described later, the non-contact power transmission unit 21 has a function of transmitting power in a non-contact manner, and transmits the power supplied from the conversion unit 13 to the synthesis unit 24. The speed increaser 22 increases the rotational force of the wind turbine 10 transmitted through the rotating shaft 14 (increases the rotational speed), and transmits it to the generator 23.

  The generator 23 rotates in accordance with the rotational force increased by the speed increaser 22 and generates AC power or DC power.

  The synthesizer 24 synthesizes the power supplied from the non-contact power transmission unit 21 via the connection line 25 and the power supplied from the generator 23 via the connection line 26, and converts it into AC power having a predetermined frequency. Then, the non-contact power transmission unit 30 is supplied via the connection line 27.

  As will be described later, the non-contact power transmission unit 30 has a function of transmitting power in a non-contact manner, and transmits power supplied from the combining unit 24 via the connection line 27 via the connection line 41. Transmit to. The nacelle 20 is supported by the tower 40 so as to be rotatable according to the wind direction. That is, the nacelle 20 is rotatably supported with the tower 40 as a yaw axis.

  The tower 40 is constituted by a columnar member and is fixed to the ground by a pedestal 42. Moreover, the tower 40 arrange | positions the nacelle 20 so that rotation to the position of predetermined | prescribed height is possible. A connection line 41 is disposed inside the tower 40 and supplies power output from the non-contact power transmission unit 30 to the power transmission device 50.

  The power transmission device 50 converts AC power supplied from the non-contact power transmission unit 30 via the connection line 41 to 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is a frequency of commercial power, and transmits the power to the power network.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of the non-contact power transmission unit 21 illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the non-contact power transmission unit 21 includes rotating electrodes 211 and 212 and fixed electrodes 213 and 214. Here, each of the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 is formed of a conductive member having a rectangular shape, and each of the conductive members has a cylindrical shape that is curved at a radius r 1 corresponding to the rotation shaft 14. In addition, the edge part of this electroconductive member may contact or may not contact. The rotary electrodes 211 and 212 are arranged in parallel at positions separated by a predetermined distance d1 in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 14. The width D of the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 including the distance d1 is set to be narrower than the near field indicated by λ / 2π, where λ is the wavelength of the electric field radiated from these electrodes. Yes. The rotating electrodes 211 and 212 are fixed on the periphery of the rotating shaft 14 via an insulating material (for example, a dielectric substrate) (not shown), and rotate according to the rotation of the rotating shaft 14. The rotating electrodes 211 and 212 are connected to the converter 13 via an inductor and a connection line 15 (not shown). The rotating electrodes 211 and 212 and an inductor (not shown) constitute a power transmission coupler.

  The fixed electrodes 213 and 214 are made of a conductive member having a rectangular shape, like the rotating electrodes 211 and 212, and each of the conductive members has a cylindrical shape curved at a radius r2. In addition, the edge part of this electroconductive member may contact or may not contact. The fixed electrodes 213 and 214 are arranged in parallel at positions separated by a predetermined distance d1 in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 14. The width D of the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 including the distance d1 is set to be narrower than the near field indicated by λ / 2π when the wavelength of the electric field radiated from the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 is λ. Has been. Since the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 are fixed to a part of the nacelle 20 via an insulating material (for example, a dielectric substrate) (not shown), these electrodes do not rotate. The distance between the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 and the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 is d2. The fixed electrodes 213 and 214 are connected to the combining unit 24 via an inductor and a connection line 25 (not shown). These fixed electrodes 213 and 214 and an inductor (not shown) constitute a power receiving coupler.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of the non-contact power transmission unit 30 illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the non-contact power transmission unit 30 has the same configuration as the non-contact power transmission unit 21, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted. The rotating electrodes 311 and 312 of the non-contact power transmission unit 30 are connected to a yaw axis of the nacelle 20 (a rotating shaft for rotating in accordance with the wind direction) via an insulating material (not shown) (for example, a dielectric substrate). It is fixed and rotates according to the nacelle 20. Since the fixed electrodes 313 and 314 are fixed to the tower 40 via an insulating material (not shown), these electrodes do not rotate. The rotating electrodes 311 and 312 are connected to the synthesis unit 24 via an inductor and a connection line 27 (not shown). These fixed electrodes 311 and 312 and an inductor (not shown) constitute a power transmission coupler. Fixed electrodes 313 and 314 are connected to power transmission device 50 via an inductor and connection line 41 (not shown), respectively. These fixed electrodes 313 and 314 and an inductor (not shown) constitute a power receiving coupler.

(B) Description of operation | movement of embodiment Next, operation | movement of the wind power generator which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In the following, the operation principle of the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and the non-contact power transmission unit 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8, in order to simplify the description, the case where the non-contact power transmission units 21 and 30 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are arranged on a plane (when not curved) will be described as an example. To do.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operations of the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and the non-contact power transmission unit 30. The example shown in FIG. 4 shows a detailed configuration example of a power transmission coupler that constitutes a non-contact power transmission unit using series resonance. As shown in this figure, in the non-contact power transmission unit using series resonance, the power transmission coupler 110 is a front surface of a circuit board 118 (a dielectric substrate) having a rectangular plate shape (a dielectric substrate). 1) Electrodes 111 and 112 made of a conductive member having a rectangular shape are arranged on the surface 118A. In the example of FIG. 1, no electrode or the like is disposed on the back surface 118 </ b> B of the circuit board 118. As a specific configuration example, for example, electrodes 111 and 112 are formed of a conductive thin film such as copper on a circuit board 118 formed of a glass epoxy board, a glass composite board, or the like. The electrodes 111 and 112 are arranged in parallel at positions separated by a predetermined distance d1. The width D of the electrodes 111 and 112 including the distance d1 is set to be narrower than the near field indicated by λ / 2π when the wavelength of the electric field radiated from these electrodes is λ. .

  One ends of inductors 113 and 114 are connected to the ends of the electrodes 111 and 112 of the circuit board 118 in the short direction. The other ends of the inductors 113 and 114 are connected to one ends of connection lines 115 and 116, respectively. The connection lines 115 and 116 are disposed so as to avoid the regions of the electrodes 111 and 112 and the region sandwiched between them, and are disposed so as to extend in a direction away from these regions. More specifically, the rectangular regions of the electrodes 111 and 112 and the region sandwiched between the two electrodes 111 and 112 are arranged so as to avoid the region, and the electrodes 111 and 112 are arranged so as to extend away from these regions. ing. In the case of FIG. 2, one end of the connection line 15 is connected to the end portion in the x direction (right end portion in FIG. 2) for the rotating electrode 212, and the end portion in the x direction (FIG. 2). The other end of the connecting line 15 is connected to the left end of the rotating electrode 212 and can be disposed so as to pass through the gap of the rotating electrode 212. Of course, other methods may be used. Further, for the fixed electrode 213, one end of the connection line 25 is connected to the end portion in the x direction (right end portion in FIG. 2), and the fixed electrode 214 is also connected to the end portion in the x direction (left end portion in FIG. 2). The other of the connection lines 25 can be connected and arranged in a direction away from each of these electrodes. 3 can be arranged in the same manner as in FIG. By arranging in this way, interference between the electrodes 111 and 112 and the connection lines 115 and 116 can be reduced, so that a reduction in transmission efficiency can be prevented.

  The connection lines 115 and 116 are configured by, for example, a coaxial cable or a balanced cable. The other ends of the connection lines 115 and 116 are output terminals of an AC power generating unit (not shown) (corresponding to the conversion unit 13 in the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and corresponding to the combining unit 24 in the non-contact power transmission unit 30). Are connected to each. The power transmission coupler 110 constitutes a series resonance circuit composed of the capacitance C of the capacitor formed by arranging the electrodes 111 and 112 at a predetermined distance d1 and the inductance L of the inductors 113 and 114. It has a unique resonance frequency fc.

  The power receiving coupler 120 has the same configuration as that of the power transmitting coupler 110. On the surface 128A of the circuit board 128, electrodes 121 and 122 and inductors 123 and 124 made of a conductive member having a rectangular shape are arranged. Connection lines 125 and 126 are connected to the other ends of the inductors 123 and 124. The capacitance C of the capacitor formed by the electrodes 121 and 122 and the resonance frequency fc of the series resonance circuit by the inductance L of the inductors 123 and 124 are set to be substantially the same as those of the power transmission coupler 110. The connection lines 125 and 126 are configured by, for example, a coaxial cable or a balanced cable. A load (not shown) corresponds to the combining unit 24 in the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and corresponds to the power transmission device 50 in the non-contact power transmission unit 30 is connected to the other ends of the connection lines 125 and 126 of the power receiving coupler 120. Is done.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the power transmission coupler 110 and the power reception coupler 120 are arranged to face each other. As shown in this figure, the power transmission coupler 110 and the power reception coupler 120 are arranged so that the circuit boards 118 and 128 are parallel to each other with a distance d2 so that the surfaces 118A and 128A of the circuit boards 118 and 128 face each other. Is done.

  6 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the non-contact power transmission unit shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the AC power generation unit 221 corresponds to the conversion unit 13 in the non-contact power transmission unit 21, corresponds to the synthesis unit 24 in the non-contact power transmission unit 30, and generates AC power having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency. Generate and output. Power supply unit load 222 shows a value equal to the characteristic impedance of connection lines 115 and 116 and connection lines 125 and 126, and has a value of Z0. The inductor 223 corresponds to the inductors 113 and 114 and has an element value of L1. The resistor 224 indicates a resistor associated with the power transmission side circuit, mainly the inductor, and has an element value of R1. The capacitor 225 is a capacitor having an element value C 1 generated between the electrodes 111 and 112. The capacitor 231 is a capacitor having an element value C 2 generated between the electrodes 121 and 122. The inductor 232 corresponds to the inductors 123 and 124 and has an element value of L2. The resistor 233 indicates a resistor associated with the power receiving side circuit, mainly the inductor, and has an element value of R2. The load 234 corresponds to the combining unit 24 in the non-contact power transmission unit 21, corresponds to the power transmission device 50 in the non-contact power transmission unit 30, is output from the AC power generation unit 211, and passes through the power transmission coupler and the power reception coupler. The transmitted power is supplied. The capacitor 241 indicates a capacitor generated between the electrodes 111 and 112 and the electrodes 121 and 122, and has an element value of Cm1.

Next, the operation of the non-contact power transmission unit using the series resonance shown in FIG. 5 will be described. FIG. 7 illustrates a state where the power transmission coupler 110 and the power reception coupler 120 of the non-contact power transmission unit illustrated in FIG. 5 are arranged to face each other with a distance of 20 cm (when d2 = 20 cm) from the power transmission coupler 110 to the power reception coupler 120. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of transmission efficiency (eta) 21 (= | S21 | ² ) and reflection loss (eta) 11 (= | S11 | ² ). In this figure, the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (MHz) of AC power to be transmitted, and the vertical axis indicates transmission efficiency. In the example shown in FIG. 7, it can be seen that a transmission efficiency of 90% or more is achieved around 27 MHz. In FIG. 5, for example, the inductors 113, 114, 123, and 124 each have 13 turns and an inductance value of about 6 μH, and the sizes (D and L) of the circuit boards 118 and 128 are 250 × 250 mm. The gap d1 between the electrodes 111 and 112 and the electrodes 121 and 122 is 34.4 mm.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the input impedance characteristics of the non-contact power transmission unit using the series resonance shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the real part Re of the input impedance is about 50Ω near the resonance frequency of 27 MHz, and the imaginary part Im is about 0Ω. Thus, since the electrodes 111 and 112 of the power transmission coupler 110 and the electrodes 121 and 122 of the power reception coupler 120 are coupled by electric field resonance, the electrodes 111 and 112 of the power transmission coupler 110 and the electrodes of the power reception coupler 120 are combined. AC power is efficiently transmitted to 121 and 122 by an electric field.

  Next, the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The solar cell panel 11 disposed on the surface of the windmill 10 converts sunlight into DC power and supplies it to the converter 13. The conversion unit 13 performs an MPPT operation for increasing the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 11 and converts the DC power output from the solar cell panel 11 to a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency fc of the non-contact power transmission unit 21. Convert to AC power and output.

  The AC power output from the converter 13 is supplied to the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 via the connection line 15. As described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the AC power supplied to the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 is efficiently transmitted to the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 by electric field resonance coupling. The power transmitted to the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 is supplied to the combining unit 24 through the connection line 25.

  On the other hand, the windmill 10 is energized by the wind force and rotates the rotating shaft 14. When the rotating shaft 14 rotates, the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 shown in FIG. 2 rotate. However, since the electric field radiated from these rotates is not affected by the rotation, the power from the rotating electrodes 211 and 212 to the fixed electrodes 213 and 214 is increased. The transmission is not affected.

  The speed increaser 22 increases the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 14 driven by the windmill 10 and transmits the speed to the generator 23. The generator 23 is driven by the rotational force increased by the speed increaser 22, generates electric power corresponding to the rotational force, and supplies the electric power to the combining unit 24 via the connection line 26.

  The synthesizer 24 synthesizes the power supplied from the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and the power supplied from the generator 23, and converts it into AC power having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency fc of the non-contact power transmission unit 30. Then, the non-contact power transmission unit 30 is supplied via the connection line 27. For example, the synthesizing unit 24 converts the AC power supplied from the non-contact power transmission unit 21 and the AC power supplied from the generator 23 into DC power and synthesizes the same, and the resonance frequency fc of the non-contact power transmission unit 30. Converted into AC power with a frequency corresponding to

  The AC power output from the combining unit 24 is supplied to the rotating electrodes 311 and 312 of the non-contact power transmission unit 30 illustrated in FIG. The AC power supplied to the rotating electrodes 311 and 312 is transmitted to the fixed electrodes 313 and 314 by electric field resonance coupling as described with reference to FIGS. The electric power transmitted to the fixed electrodes 313 and 314 is supplied to the power transmission device 50 through the connection line 41.

  The nacelle 20 rotates according to the direction of the wind. When the nacelle 20 rotates, the rotating electrodes 311 and 312 shown in FIG. 3 rotate. However, since the electric field is not affected by the rotation, power transmission from the rotating electrodes 311 and 312 to the fixed electrodes 313 and 314 is not performed. Not affected.

  The power transmission device 50 converts AC power having a frequency of fc supplied from the non-contact power transmission unit 30 into 50 Hz or 60 Hz corresponding to the frequency of the commercial power source, and transmits the power to the power grid.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, by using the non-contact power transmission units 21 and 30, it is possible to transmit power with non-contact and high efficiency exceeding 90%. For example, compared with the case where electric power is transmitted by bringing electrodes into contact with each other, it is possible to prevent a decrease in transmission efficiency due to secular change or the like.

  In addition, since the rotating electrode and the fixed electrode are electrically insulated, for example, even when a lightning strike or the like occurs, it is possible to prevent a large current from passing through and damage to the apparatus and equipment.

(C) Description of Modified Embodiment It goes without saying that the above embodiment is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to the case described above. For example, in the above embodiment, in order to simplify the description, the non-contact power transmission units 21 and 30 have been described as having the same size, but of course, depending on the dimensions of the rotating shaft and the capacity of the transmitted power. Needless to say, the size of each part can be set appropriately. The transmission frequency can also be set as appropriate.

  In the above embodiment, as the contactless power transmission units 21 and 30, the power transmission coupler and the power reception coupler using the series resonance shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are used. As shown in FIG. 10, a capacitor for parallel resonance may be added to a coupler using series resonance.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the power transmission coupler used in the non-contact power transmission unit. In this figure, parts corresponding to those in FIG. In FIG. 9, compared to FIG. 4, the inductors 113 and 114 are replaced with chip capacitors 321 and 322, and the inductors 113 </ b> A and 114 </ b> A connected to each other are connected to the ends of the electrodes 111 and 112. More specifically, the chip capacitor 321 has one terminal connected to one end of the connection line 115 and the other terminal connected to the electrode 111. The chip capacitor 322 has one terminal connected to one end of the connection line 116 and the other terminal connected to the electrode 112. Inductors 113A and 114A have one end connected to each other, the other end of inductor 113A is connected to electrode 111, and the other end of inductor 114A is connected to electrode 112. The rest of the configuration is the same as in FIG. The power receiving coupler 120A is configured similarly to the power transmitting coupler 110A.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a non-contact power transmission unit using the power transmission coupler 110A and the power reception coupler 120A illustrated in FIG. In the example of this figure, the power transmission coupler 110A and the power reception coupler 120A are arranged to face each other with a spacing of 16 cm. The inductors 113A, 114A, 123A, and 124A each have eight turns and an inductance value of about 4 μH. The element values of the chip capacitors 321, 322, 421, and 422 are about 10 pF, respectively.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the non-contact power transmission unit illustrated in FIG. 10. In FIG. 11, parts corresponding to those in FIG. In FIG. 11, compared with FIG. 6, a capacitor 500 corresponding to the chip capacitors 321 and 322 is inserted between the AC power generation unit 221, the inductor 223, and the resistor 224, respectively. Capacitors 501 corresponding to the chip capacitors 421 and 422 are inserted, respectively. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. In the non-contact power transmission unit shown in FIG. 11, a series resonance circumference is generated at a frequency lower than the parallel resonance frequency of the capacitor 225 and the inductor 223 by adding the chip capacitors 321, 322, 421, 422 in series. That is, the resonance frequency can be lowered. Since the input impedance also changes due to the addition of the chip capacitor, matching can be achieved to, for example, 50Ω at the resonance frequency by properly combining the element values of the inductor and the chip capacitor.

FIG. 12 shows the transmission efficiency η21 (= |) from the power transmission coupler 110A to the power reception coupler 120A when the power transmission coupler 110A and the power reception coupler 120A of the non-contact power transmission unit 21 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of S21 | ² ) and reflection loss (eta) 11 (= | S11 | ² ). In this example, the inductors 113, 114, 123, and 124 each have 8 turns and an inductance value of about 4 μH, and the sizes (D and L) of the circuit boards 118 and 128 are 250 × 250 mm. The gap d1 between the electrodes 111 and 112 and the electrodes 121 and 122 is 34.4 mm. As shown in this figure, the transmission efficiency η21 of the non-contact power transmission unit shown in FIG. 11 is 90% or more at about 27 MHz, and the reflection loss η11 is 0 at about 27 MHz.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the input impedance characteristics of the non-contact power transmission unit 21 illustrated in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 13, the real part Re of the input impedance is about 50Ω at about 27 MHz, and the imaginary part is 0Ω at about 27 MHz.

  In this way, in the non-contact power transmission unit shown in FIG. 11, by connecting chip capacitors in series, it is possible to use an inductor having a small element value even at the same resonance frequency. Can be Even when an inductor having a small element value is used, the transmission efficiency can be kept high.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating still another configuration example of the non-contact power transmission unit. In this figure, portions corresponding to those in FIG. In FIG. 14, the chip capacitor is excluded as compared with FIG. 10, and a capacitor using the circuit boards 118 and 128 is disposed instead. More specifically, in the example of FIG. 14, capacitor electrodes 721 and 722 are formed on the back surface 128 </ b> B of the circuit board 128 at positions facing a part of the electrodes 121 and 122 by a conductive member having a rectangular shape, A capacitor is formed between the electrodes 121 and 122 formed on the surface 128A of the circuit board 128. The capacitor electrodes 721 and 722 are connected to connection lines 125 and 126. On the back surface 119B of the circuit board 118, capacitor electrodes 621 and 622 are formed by a conductive member having a rectangular shape at a position facing a part of the electrodes 111 and 112, and are formed on the front surface 118A of the circuit board 118. A capacitor is formed between the electrodes 111 and 112. The capacitor electrodes 621 and 622 are connected to the connection lines 115 and 116.

  In the configuration example shown in FIG. 14, the power transmission coupler 110B and the power reception coupler 120B are disposed to face each other with a distance of 20 cm. The inductors 113A, 114A, 123A, and 124A each have eight turns and an inductance value of about 4 μH. Further, the capacitor element values of the capacitor electrodes 621 and 622 and the electrodes 111 and 112 are set so that the resonance frequency is about 28 MHz, and the capacitor element values of the capacitor electrodes 721 and 722 and the electrodes 121 and 122 are also about the resonance frequency. It is set to be 28 MHz. The equivalent circuit of the configuration example shown in FIG. 14 is the same as that of FIG.

  Also with the configuration shown in FIG. 14, power can be transmitted efficiently without contact. In the example of FIG. 14, by using the capacitor electrode, it is possible to transmit power without increasing the size (thickness) of the device.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating still another configuration example of the non-contact power transmission unit. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, a power transmission coupler 610 is configured by the circular center electrode 611, the annular ring electrode 612, the inductors 613, 614, and the connection lines 615, 616, and the circular center electrode 621, The ring-shaped annular electrode 622, the inductors 623 and 624, and the connection lines 625 and 626 constitute a power receiving coupler 620. In the example of FIG. 15, the sizes of the elements constituting the power transmission coupler 610 and the power reception coupler 620 are the same. Of course, even if the size of each element is different, power can be transmitted by adjusting the resonance frequency to be the same. Note that in the example of FIG. 15, only the electrodes are shown, but the electrodes can be formed on a substrate or a substrate formed of a glass epoxy substrate, a glass composite substrate, or the like. The power transmission coupler 610 formed on such a substrate is disposed at the ends of the rotary shaft 14 and the yaw axis of the nacelle 20, and the power reception coupler 620 is disposed at a part of the nacelle 20 and the tower 40.

The center electrode 611 is configured by a plate-like conductive member (for example, a member such as copper or aluminum) having a circular shape with a radius r1. The annular electrode 612 is configured by a plate-like conductive member having an annular shape with an outer periphery radius of r2 and a width of w. The center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 are arranged on the same plane, and the distance between the outer periphery of the center electrode 611 and the inner periphery of the annular electrode 612 is d1. One end of the inductor 613 is connected to the center electrode 611, and the other end is connected to one end of the connection line 615. One end of the inductor 614 is connected to the annular electrode 612, and the other end is connected to one end of the connection line 616. The connection lines 615 and 616 are configured by, for example, a coaxial cable or a balanced cable. The other ends of the connection lines 615 and 616 are connected to the output end of the conversion unit 13 or the output end of the combining unit 24, respectively. Note that the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit formed by the capacitance C of the capacitor formed by the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 and the inductance L of the inductors 613 and 614 is f _C.

The center electrode 621 is configured by a plate-like conductive member having a circular shape with a radius r1. The annular electrode 622 is configured by a plate-like conductive member having an annular shape with an outer periphery radius of r2 and a width of w. The center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are arranged on the same plane, and the distance between the outer periphery of the center electrode 621 and the inner periphery of the annular electrode 622 is d1. Further, the plane on which the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 are arranged and the plane on which the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are arranged are kept substantially parallel. One end of the inductor 623 is connected to the center electrode 621, and the other end is connected to one end of the connection line 625. One end of the inductor 624 is connected to the annular electrode 622, and the other end is connected to one end of the connection line 626. The connection lines 625 and 626 are configured by, for example, a coaxial cable or a balanced cable. The other ends of the connection lines 625 and 626 are respectively connected to the input end of the combining unit 25 or the input end of the power transmission device 50. Note that the capacitance C of the capacitor formed by the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 and the resonance frequency f _C of the series resonance circuit formed by the inductance L of the inductors 623 and 624 are set to be the same as those of the power transmission coupler 610.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 and the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are coupled by electric field resonance, and the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 are connected to the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622. On the other hand, AC power is transmitted by an electric field. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 are separated from the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 by a distance d2 shorter than λ / 2π that is the near field. The center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are arranged in a region where the electric field component radiated from the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 is dominant. Also, the resonance frequency by the capacitor and inductors 613 and 614 formed between the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 and the resonance frequency by the capacitor and inductors 623 and 624 formed between the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are: It is set to be approximately equal. Thus, since the center electrode 611 and the annular electrode 612 and the center electrode 621 and the annular electrode 622 are coupled by electric field resonance, AC power is efficiently generated from the power transmission coupler 610 to the power reception coupler 620 by the electric field. It is transmitted well.

  In the embodiment described above, the pair of rotating electrodes and the fixed electrode have the same size, but they may have different sizes.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotary electrode and the fixed electrode are configured to have a circular cross section. However, for example, a polygonal shape may be used. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the end portions of the rotating electrode and the fixed electrode are in a non-contact state, but these may be in a contact state.

  Further, although the inductors 113A, 114A, 123A, 124A, 124A, and 124B are configured to connect two inductors, they may be configured as one. In each of the above embodiments, the inductor is configured by winding a conductor wire in a cylindrical shape. For example, the inductor has a shape meandering on a plane as used in a microstrip line. Or you may make it comprise by what has a spiral shape on a plane.

  In the above embodiment, one set of rotating electrode and fixed electrode is used. However, two or more sets of rotating electrode and fixed electrode may be used.

  In the above embodiment, the rotating electrode is set on the inner side and the fixed electrode is set on the outer side. However, these may be arranged in reverse.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the solar cell panel 11 is provided only in the windmill 10, but may be provided in the hub 12 or in the nacelle 20, for example. The electric power generated by these solar cell panels can be combined by the combining unit 24 and transmitted via the power transmission device 50.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Windmill 11 Solar panel 12 Hub 13 Conversion part 14 Rotating shaft 15,25-27,41 Connection line 20 Nacelle 21 Non-contact electric power transmission part 22 Booster 23 Generator 24 Combining part 30 Non-contact electric power transmission part 40 Tower 50 Power transmission device 211, 212, 311, 312 Rotating electrode (first electrode, second electrode)
213, 214, 313, 314 Fixed electrode (third electrode, fourth electrode)
611 Center electrode (first electrode or second electrode)
612 annular electrode (first electrode or second electrode)
621 Center electrode (third electrode or fourth electrode)
622 annular electrode (third electrode or fourth electrode)

Claims (6)

In a wind turbine generator that converts wind power into rotational force by a windmill and generates electric power by driving a generator with this rotational force,
The wind power generator has a predetermined rotation shaft or a part of a rotation shaft arranged at a predetermined distance, and a total width including the predetermined distance is λ / 2π or less that is a near field, and the rotation First and second electrodes that rotate in accordance with an axis or the pivot axis;
The first and second electrodes are separated from each other by a distance of λ / 2π or less, which is a near field, and are arranged at a predetermined distance on the rotating shaft or a support that supports the rotating shaft. A third and a fourth electrode having a total width including a distance equal to or less than λ / 2π which is a near field,
Applying AC power of a predetermined frequency to the first and second electrodes or the third and fourth electrodes, and transmitting the power in a non-contact manner between these electrodes;
Wind power generator characterized by that. The first and second electrodes are formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular or polygonal cross section corresponding to the circumference of the predetermined rotating shaft or rotating shaft, and have a predetermined distance in the axial direction. The total width including the predetermined distance is less than or equal to λ / 2π which is a near field, and is configured by the first and second rotating electrodes rotating according to the rotating shaft or the rotating shaft,
The third and fourth electrodes are formed in a cylindrical shape having a circular or polygonal cross section corresponding to the first and second rotating electrodes, and the first and second rotating electrodes. And a distance of λ / 2π or less that is a near field, and are arranged at a predetermined distance in the axial direction, and a total width including the predetermined distance is λ / 2π or less that is a near field, and the rotation Constituted by third and fourth fixed electrodes provided on a shaft or a support that supports the pivot shaft;
The wind power generator according to claim 1. The first and second electrodes have a first center electrode provided at a center of an end surface of the predetermined rotation shaft or the rotation shaft, and an annular shape surrounding the first center electrode, A first annular electrode disposed at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the outer edge of one central electrode and having a total width from the center of the axis including the predetermined distance equal to or less than λ / 2π which is a near field Formed, the first center electrode and the first annular electrode rotate in accordance with the rotating shaft or the rotating shaft,
The third and fourth electrodes are opposed to the first center electrode, and are provided with a second center electrode provided at a distance of λ / 2π or less which is a near field, and the second center electrode Λ / 2π in which the total width from the center of the axis including the predetermined distance is a near field, and is disposed at a predetermined distance in the radial direction from the outer edge of the second center electrode. The second annular electrode is formed by the following, and the second central electrode and the second annular electrode are provided on the rotating shaft or the support that supports the rotating shaft.
The wind power generator according to claim 1. A nacelle in which the generator is arranged;
The nacelle is arranged at a position at a predetermined height from the ground, and the nacelle has a tower that supports the nacelle so as to be rotatable according to the wind direction.
The rotation axis is a yaw axis between the nacelle and the tower, and transmits electric power from the nacelle to the tower in a contactless manner.
The wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A solar cell panel is arranged on the surface of the windmill,
The rotating electrode is disposed on a rotating shaft of the windmill;
The fixed electrode is disposed in a nacelle where the generator is disposed,
The power generated by the solar panel of the windmill is transmitted in a non-contact manner to the nacelle.
The wind power generator according to claim 2 . The nacelle is arranged at a position at a predetermined height from the ground, and the nacelle has a tower that supports the nacelle so as to be rotatable according to the wind direction.
A solar cell panel is disposed on the surface of the nacelle,
The power including the power generated by the solar panel arranged in the nacelle is transmitted from the nacelle to the tower in a contactless manner.
The wind power generator according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the above-mentioned.

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