JP6068336B2 - 植物種子へのオメガ−7脂肪酸の蓄積 - Google Patents
植物種子へのオメガ−7脂肪酸の蓄積 Download PDFInfo
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Description
優先権主張
本願は、「ACCUMULATION OF N-7 FATTY ACIDS IN PLANT SEEDS」について2010年6月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/358,318号の出願日の利益を主張する。
[1]配列番号1と少なくとも60%同一であるヌクレオチド配列を含むΔ 9 デサチュラーゼ酵素をコードする核酸分子。
[2]遺伝子調節要素をさらに含む、上記[1]に記載の核酸分子。
[3]上記遺伝子調節要素がファゼオリンプロモータまたはLTP170プロモータである、上記[2]に記載の核酸分子。
[4]配列番号2と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むΔ 9 デサチュラーゼ酵素。
[5]配列番号2と少なくとも80%同一である上記アミノ酸が配列番号2中の位置114に類似した位置のセリン、配列番号2中の位置117に類似した位置のアルギニン、配列番号2中の位置118に類似した位置のシステイン、配列番号2中の位置179に類似した位置のロイシン、または配列番号2中の位置188に類似した位置のトレオニンを含む、上記[4]に記載のΔ 9 デサチュラーゼ酵素。
[6]配列番号2と少なくとも80%同一である上記アミノ酸が配列番号2中の位置114に類似した位置のセリン、配列番号2中の位置117に類似した位置のアルギニン、配列番号2中の位置118に類似した位置のシステイン、配列番号2中の位置179に類似した位置のロイシン、および配列番号2中の位置188に類似した位置のトレオニンを含む、上記[4]に記載のΔ 9 デサチュラーゼ酵素。
[7]植物物質を上記[1]に記載の核酸分子によって、上記植物物質中の異常脂肪酸の量が増加されるように形質転換することを含む、植物物質中の異常脂肪酸の量を増加させる方法。
[8]植物物質を上記[1]に記載の追加の核酸分子によって形質転換することをさらに含む、上記[7]に記載の方法。
[9]上記植物物質が植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる手段を含む、上記[7]に記載の方法。
[10]上記植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる手段がプラスチド外デサチュラーゼの発現である、上記[9]に記載の方法。
[11]植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる手段がKASIIの抑制である、上記[9]に記載の方法。
[12]KASIIの抑制がfab1遺伝子中に突然変異を導入することによって達成される、上記[11]に記載の方法。
[13]上記植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる手段が植物物質中の16:0脂肪酸の伸長を減少させることである、上記[9]に記載の方法。
[14]植物物質中の16:0脂肪酸の伸長を減少させることが、fae1遺伝子中に突然変異を導入することによって達成される、上記[13]に記載の方法。
[15]植物物質がアラビドプシス、ボラゴ、キャノーラ、リシヌス、テオブロマ、ジーア、ゴシピウム、クランべ、クフェア、リヌム、レスクエレラ、リムナンテス、リノーラ、トロパエオルム、オエノテラ、オレア、エラエイス、アラキス、アブラナ、カルタムス、グリシン、ソヤ、ヘリアンタス、ニコチアナ、ベルノニア、トリチカム、ホルデウム、オリザ、アベナ、ソルガム、セカレまたはグラミネアエの他のメンバーを含む群より選択される属より選択される植物から得られる、上記[7]に記載の方法。
[16]上記植物物質が植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる2つの手段を含む、上記[7]に記載の方法。
[17]植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる第1の手段がKASIIの抑制であり、植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる第2の手段が植物物質中の16:0脂肪酸の伸長を減少させることである、上記[16]に記載の方法。
[18]上記植物物質が植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる3つの手段を含む、上記[7]に記載の方法。
[19]植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる第1の手段がKASIIの抑制であり、植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる第2の手段が植物物質中の16:0脂肪酸の伸長を減少させることであり、植物物質中の16:0−ACPのレベルを上昇させる第3の手段がプラスチド外デサチュラーゼの発現である、上記[18]に記載の方法。
[20]上記プラスチド外デサチュラーゼがLnΔ9DまたはAnΔ9デサチュラーゼである、上記[10]に記載の方法。
[21]野生型植物と比較して植物中に増加した量の異常脂肪酸を含む遺伝子操作植物を生成する方法であって:植物物質を上記[1]に記載の核酸分子によって形質転換すること、および植物を得るために形質転換された植物物質を培養することを含む方法。
[22]上記植物がアラビドプシス、ボラゴ、キャノーラ、リシヌス、テオブロマ、ジーア、ゴシピウム、クランべ、クフェア、リヌム、レスクエレラ、リムナンテス、リノーラ、トロパエオルム、オエノテラ、オレア、エラエイス、アラキス、アブラナ、カルタムス、グリシン、ソヤ、ヘリアンタス、ニコチアナ、ベルノニア、トリチカム、ホルデウム、オリザ、アベナ、ソルガム、セカレまたはグラミネアエの他のメンバーを含む群より選択される属より選択される、上記[21]に記載の方法。
[23]上記[21]に記載の方法によって得られた植物。
[24]上記[23]に記載の植物から得られた植物物質。
[25]上記植物物質が種子である、上記[24]に記載の植物物質。
また、植物種子中の異常脂肪酸のパーセント組成が上昇するように、WTトウゴマΔ9−18:0デサチュラーゼと比べてCom25酵素の向上したデサチュラーゼ活性を利用するために、植物細胞中でCom25を発現する方法も開示される。いくつかの実施形態において、方法はアラビドプシス中でCom25を発現させることを包含する。ある実施形態において、植物種子中で増加した異常脂肪酸はω−7脂肪酸である。これらの実施形態において、ω−7脂肪酸は16:1Δ19および/または18:1Δ11であり得る。
本明細書では、配列番号1と少なくとも60%同一であるヌクレオチド配列を含むΔ9デサチュラーゼ酵素をコードするヌクレオチド酸分子を開示する。核酸分子は、遺伝子調節要素をさらに含み得る。いくつかの実施形態において、遺伝子調節要素は、ファゼオリンプロモータであり得る。
II.略語
x:yΔz x個の炭素およびカルボキシル端から数えた位置zにおけるy個の二重結合を含有する脂肪酸
ACP アシル担体タンパク質
COA 補酵素A
KASII β−ケトアシル−ACPシンターゼII
FA 脂肪酸
FAS 脂肪酸合成
FAME 脂肪酸メチルエステル
WT 野生型
III.用語
脂肪酸:本明細書で使用する場合、「脂肪酸」という用語は、約C12からC22の鎖長の長鎖脂肪族酸(アルカン酸)を指すが、より長いまたはより短い鎖長の酸のどちらも公知である。脂肪酸の構造は、表記x:yΔzによって表され、式中、「x」は特定の脂肪酸中の炭素(C)原子の総数であり、「y」は、酸のカルボキシル端からカウントした位置「z」における炭素鎖中の二重結合の数である。
A.概要
本発明の実施形態は、例えば植物種子中のパルミトレイン酸(16:1Δ9)およびバクセン酸(18:1Δ11)からなるω−7脂肪酸(FA)の蓄積を代謝操作することへの系統的アプローチを包含する。プラスチドにおいて新たに合成された脂肪酸の流れを遮断する方法を例示するために、トウゴマΔ9−18:0−デサチュラーゼの16:0−デサチュラーゼ活性を向上させる指向性進化プログラムから生じる16:0−ACPデサチュラーゼであるCom25を、種子特異的ファゼオリンプロモータの制御下で発現させた。本明細書で開示する実施形態では、いずれの種子特異的プロモータも使用され得る。このアプローチは、ω−7 FAの蓄積を野生型(WT)における2%未満からCom25トランスフォーマントにおける約14%まで上昇させた。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態における核酸配列は、配列番号1と整列させたときに増加するパーセンテージ同一性を示す。これらおよび他の実施形態の中の特異的核酸配列は、配列番号2と例えば少なくとも60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、81%、82%、83%、84%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%または100%の同一性を有する配列を含み得る。例えばコドン縮重による許容されるヌクレオチド置換によって、コードされたポリペプチドのアミノ酸配列が実質的に変更されることなく、核酸分子が修飾され得ることが当業者によって理解される。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態によるアミノ酸配列は、配列番号2と整列させたときに増加するパーセンテージ同一性を示す。これらおよび他の実施形態の中の特異的アミノ酸配列は、配列番号2と例えば少なくとも70%、75%、80%、81%、82%、83%、84%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%または100%の同一性を有する配列を含み得る。多くの実施形態において、配列番号2と整列させたときに上記の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列は、酵素Δ9−18:0−ACPデサチュラーゼ活性を持つペプチドをコードする。
本発明の態様は、親トウゴマデサチュラーゼから誘導された新規の遺伝子操作デサチュラーゼに関する。詳細な実施形態において、遺伝子操作デサチュラーゼはCom25である。Com25は、親トウゴマデサチュラーゼとは以下の5つのアミノ酸位置:M114S、T117R、L118C、P179L、およびG188T(成熟トウゴマデサチュラーゼPDBエントリ1AFRに従ってナンバリング)が異なる。さらなる実施形態において、遺伝子操作デサチュラーゼは、Com25におけるこれらの5つの突然変異の1つ以上を含み得る。例えば遺伝子操作デサチュラーゼは、親トウゴマデサチュラーゼとは以下の位置が異なり得る:M114S;T117R;L118C;P179L;G188T;M114SおよびT117R;M114SおよびL118C;M114SおよびP179L;M114SおよびG188T;T117RおよびL118C;T117RおよびP179L;T117RおよびG188T;L118CおよびP179L;L118CおよびG188T;P179LおよびG188T;M114S、T117R、およびL118C;M114S、T117R、およびP179L;M114S、T1117R、およびG188T;M114S、L118C、およびP179L;M114S、L118C、およびG188T;M114S、P179L、およびG188T;T117R、L118C、およびP179L;T117R、L118C、およびG188T;T117R、P179L、およびG188T;またはL118C、P179L、およびG188T。
好ましい実施形態において、Com25によって形質転換された宿主細胞または物質は、16:0脂肪酸の上昇したレベルを呈し得る。宿主細胞は、例えばこれらの宿主細胞において16:0−ACPの代謝を低下させることによって、16:0脂肪酸の上昇したレベルを呈し得る。宿主細胞において16:0脂肪酸のレベルを上昇させる他の方法が使用され得て、このような方法は、当業者の裁量の行使によって選ばれ得る。宿主細胞における16:0脂肪酸のレベルを上昇させる方法の例は、これに限定されるわけではないが、1)宿主細胞におけるプラスチド外デサチュラーゼの発現、2)例えばfab1遺伝子に突然変異を導入することによる、宿主細胞におけるKASIIの抑制、および3)例えばfae1遺伝子に突然変異を導入することによる、16:0脂肪酸の伸長を減少させることを包含する。
本発明は、配列番号1に少なくとも60%同一である核酸配列を含む1つ以上の核酸分子を含む形質転換細胞を産生する方法にも関する。このような核酸分子は、例えば非コード調節要素、例えばプロモータも含み得る。他の配列も非コード調節要素および転写可能核酸分子配列と共に、細胞中に導入され得る。このような他の配列は、3’転写ターミネータ、3’ポリアデニル化シグナル、他の非翻訳配列、トランジットまたはターゲティング配列、選択可能マーカー、エンハンサ、およびオペレータを包含し得る。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、トランスジェニック種子は、配列番号2と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドを含む。これらおよび他の実施形態において、トランスジェニック種子は、配列番号1と少なくとも60%同一である核酸配列を含む。ある実施形態において、本発明の種子は異常脂肪酸、例えばω−7脂肪酸、例えば16:1Δ 9 -および/または18:1Δ11の上昇したレベルを呈する。種子は、受精トランスジェニック植物から収穫されて、本発明による核酸配列および興味のある別の遺伝子または核酸コンストラクトを含むハイブリッド植物系統を包含する、本発明の形質転換された植物の子孫世代を成長させるために使用することができる。
物質および方法
植物成長および形質転換
Com25は、長さが18C未満のアシル鎖に対して改善された活性を持つバリアントを同定するように設計されたコンビナトリアル飽和変異誘発/選択のプログラムから生じた、リシヌス・コムニス(Ricinus communis)Δ9−18:0−ACPデサチュラーゼのバリアントである。Whittle and Shanklin (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276(24):21500-5。Com25は、親トウゴマデサチュラーゼとは以下の5つのアミノ酸位置:M114S、T117R、L118C、P179L、およびG188T(成熟トウゴマデサチュラーゼPDBエントリ1AFRに従ってナンバリング)が異なる。
Phas:Com25。その標準(authentic)輸送ペプチドを含有するように操作され、5’PacIおよび3’XhoI制限部位が隣接したトウゴマバリアントCom25のオープン・リーディング・フレーム全体がプラスミドpDs−Red−Phas、Pidkowich et al., (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104(11): 4742-7、(Ds−Redマーカーあり)の対応する部位にクローニングされてPhas:Com25(図5)が生成された。
単一の種子の脂肪酸を分析するために、脂肪酸メチルエステル(FAME)が、メタノール中の0.2Mトリメチルスルホニウムヒドロキシドによって種子をインキュベートすることによって調製された。Butte et al., (1982) Anal. Lett. 15(10):841-50。バルク種子を同様に分析するために、FAMEは、0.5mL BCl3中で種子を80℃にて1時間インキュベートすること、それを1mLヘキサンによって抽出すること、および次にN2下で乾燥させることによって調製された。FAMEは、60m×250μM SP−2390キャピラリーカラム(スペルコ)を装着した、HP6890(商標)ガスクロマトグラフ−水素炎イオン化型検出器(アジレントテクノロジー)、またはHP5890(商標)ガスクロマトグラフ−質量分析計(ヒューレット・パッカード)のどちらかで分析された。分析中に炉温度は100℃から240℃まで15℃/分の速度で上昇され、流速は1.1mL/分であった。質量分析はHP5973(商標)質量選択検出器(ヒューレット−パッカード)によって行われた。本発明者らは、一不飽和FAMEの二重結合位置をジメチルスルフィド誘導体化によって決定した。Yamamoto et al., (1991) Chem. and Phys. Lipids 60(1):39-50。
実施例II
WTアラビドプシスにおけるCom25の発現
実施例IV
16:0の上昇したレベルを含有する宿主におけるCom25の発現
実施例V
増加するCom25遺伝子の用量は増加したω−7蓄積を生じる
実施例VI
プラスチド外Δ9−16:0デサチュラーゼの発現はω−7 FA蓄積を上昇させる
Claims (11)
- 異種プラスチド外LnΔ9DSまたはAnΔ9DSデサチュラーゼを発現する植物物質を、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むΔ9デサチュラーゼ酵素をコードする配列番号1のヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも80%同一であるヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸分子によって、前記植物物質中の異常脂肪酸の量が増加されるように形質転換することを含む、植物物質中の異常脂肪酸の量を増加させる方法であって、前記Δ9デサチュラーゼ酵素のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の114位に類似する位置にセリンを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の117位に類似する位置にアルギニンを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列の118位に類似する位置にシステインを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の179位に類似する位置にロイシンを、または配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の188位に類似する位置にトレオニンを含む、方法。
- 植物物質を、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列に少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むΔ9デサチュラーゼ酵素をコードする配列番号1のヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも80%同一であるヌクレオチド配列を含む追加の核酸分子によって形質転換することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記Δ9デサチュラーゼ酵素のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の114位に類似する位置にセリンを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の117位に類似する位置にアルギニンを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列の118位に類似する位置にシステインを、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の179位に類似する位置にロイシンを、または配列番号2のアミノ酸配列中の188位に類似する位置にトレオニンを含む、方法。
- 前記植物物質がfab1遺伝子中に突然変異を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記植物物質が、fae1遺伝子中に突然変異を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 植物物質がアラビドプシス、ボラゴ、キャノーラ、リシヌス、テオブロマ、ジーア、ゴシピウム、クランべ、クフェア、リヌム、レスクエレラ、リムナンテス、リノーラ、トロパエオルム、オエノテラ、オレア、エラエイス、アラキス、アブラナ、カルタムス、グリシン、ソヤ、ヘリアンタス、ニコチアナ、ベルノニア、トリチカム、ホルデウム、オリザ、アベナ、ソルガム、セカレまたはグラミネアエの他のメンバーを含む群より選択される属より選択される植物から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記植物物質がfab1遺伝子中に突然変異、およびfae1遺伝子中に突然変異を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 植物を得るために前記形質転換された植物物質を培養することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記植物がアラビドプシス、ボラゴ、キャノーラ、リシヌス、テオブロマ、ジーア、ゴシピウム、クランべ、クフェア、リヌム、レスクエレラ、リムナンテス、リノーラ、トロパエオルム、オエノテラ、オレア、エラエイス、アラキス、アブラナ、カルタムス、グリシン、ソヤ、ヘリアンタス、ニコチアナ、ベルノニア、トリチカム、ホルデウム、オリザ、アベナ、ソルガム、セカレまたはグラミネアエの他のメンバーを含む群より選択される属より選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法によって得られた植物。
- 請求項9に記載の植物から得られた植物物質。
- 前記植物物質が種子である、請求項10に記載の植物物質。
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PCT/US2011/041759 WO2011163557A2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | Accumulation of omega-7 fatty acids in plant seeds |
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CN105053256A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-18 | 广州金酮医疗科技有限公司 | 一种风味型营养均衡调和油 |
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