JP5873701B2 - 参照電極 - Google Patents
参照電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5873701B2 JP5873701B2 JP2011268123A JP2011268123A JP5873701B2 JP 5873701 B2 JP5873701 B2 JP 5873701B2 JP 2011268123 A JP2011268123 A JP 2011268123A JP 2011268123 A JP2011268123 A JP 2011268123A JP 5873701 B2 JP5873701 B2 JP 5873701B2
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- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 58
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 29
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005040 ion trap Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/301—Reference electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/401—Salt-bridge leaks; Liquid junctions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
本実施形態の比較電極2の電極電位(Vs、3.33mol/L KCl/AgCl/Ag(基準電極)、Ag/AgCl/3.33mol/L KCl/3.33mol/L KCl)及び比較電極2の抵抗(in3.33mol/L KCl)を25℃を測定した結果及び室温放置1カ月後における電極電位及び抵抗を図4に示す。
フレミオン製の収容体23はカチオン伝導性があり、収容体23の内外でカチオン濃度が異なると拡散電位に基づく機構により、収容体23の内外で電位差が発生するものと考えられる。本実施形態の比較電極2の場合、3.33mol/L KCl溶液中に浸されるので、K+イオン濃度(活量)が内外で同じ濃度となるので、収容体23の内外で電位差は発生しない。但し、当該電位差は内部液のK+イオン濃度の変化により変動するものと判断される。この場合、収容体23の内部にある銀/塩化銀電極21は3.33mol/L KCl(AgCl常温飽和)溶液中に浸されているので、一定電位を示す。本実施形態の比較電極2は、フレミオン製の収容体23はカチオンに応答することから、通常の銀/塩化銀電極の電位応答の挙動と逆の方向に電位変化することが予測され、今回の実験によりそれが実証できた(図5参照)。
内部液中にヨウ化カリウム試薬を添加し、約0.1mol/L共存させたときの比較電極2の電極電位を測定した。この測定結果を図6に示す。従来の比較電極におけるヨウ化物イオンの影響は著しいが、フレミオン製の収容体23を用いた比較電極2は殆ど電極電位に影響がなかった。これはフレミオンがアニオンを通過させないことを立証している。電極電位はプラス側に若干変動しているが、これはK+イオン濃度が増加したことに起因している可能性が高い。また、硫化物イオンが銀/塩化銀電極と反応し、表面が硫化銀となり、電位に大きく影響を及ぼし測定不可となる共存物質として知られている。
銀/塩化銀電極は、紫外線(最大吸収波長220nm)により電極電位に大きく影響を与えることが知られている。これをなくすために通常参照電極の構造や塩化銀に硫化銀を加えることなどで、紫外線を吸収する工夫がなされている。電位影響度は直射日光下で、塩化銀の銀化反応によりプラス方向に数100mVの電位シフトが発生する場合がある。(直射日光下での紫外線量は2〜3.5mW/cm2であり、室内では0.1mW/cm2である。)
本実施形態の比較電極2を60℃乾燥機に3日間放置し、完全に内部電解液22を蒸発させた。フレミオン製の収容体23自体には孔は開いていないが、収容体23内外の蒸気圧が異なる場合、水蒸気圧を平衡にさせる機能がある。従って、収容体23外の湿度が低いときには、内部電解液22は水蒸気として収容体23外へ飛散する。反対に内部電解液22が乾燥した時は3.33mol/L KCl溶液に浸すと、収容部23内は湿潤となり内部の結晶固化されたKClは溶解し、3.33mol/L KCl溶液に復帰する。
このように構成した本実施形態に係る比較電極2によれば、収容体23がアニオン伝導性を有さないので、塩化物イオンと銀/塩化銀電極21から溶出した銀イオンとの反応で生成されるクロロ銀錯形成アニオンの溶出を抑えることができる。これにより、比較電極表面に難溶性の銀化合物が生成されることによって生じる電位変動を抑えることができる。その他収容体23の外部に存在するアニオンによって生じる電位変動も抑えることができる。
なお、本発明は前記実施形態に限られるものではない。
2 ・・・参照電極(比較電極)
3 ・・・作用電極(pH電極)
21 ・・・内部電極
22 ・・・内部電解液
23 ・・・収容体
Claims (2)
- 銀/塩化銀電極からなる内部電極と、当該内部電極に接触する内部電解液と、当該内部電解液を収容する収容体と、前記内部電極を保持するとともに、先端部に前記収容体が接続される保持管とを備え、
前記収容体が、アニオン伝導性を有さず、カチオン伝導性及び水分透過性を有する材料から形成されるチューブで構成され、
前記チューブの一端が閉塞されており、
前記チューブの他端部又は前記保持管の先端部と前記内部電極との間が接着剤及びOリングを用いて閉塞されていることを特徴とする参照電極。 - 前記収容体全体が、アニオン伝導性を有さず、カチオン伝導性及び水分透過性を有する材料から形成されている請求項1記載の参照電極。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011268123A JP5873701B2 (ja) | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-07 | 参照電極 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010282281 | 2010-12-17 | ||
JP2010282281 | 2010-12-17 | ||
JP2011268123A JP5873701B2 (ja) | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-07 | 参照電極 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2012141295A JP2012141295A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
JP5873701B2 true JP5873701B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
Family
ID=45524251
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011268123A Active JP5873701B2 (ja) | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-07 | 参照電極 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8758586B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2466296A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5873701B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102539498A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10473611B2 (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2019-11-12 | Arkray, Inc. | Electrochemical sensor and method for producing electrochemical sensor |
JP6580971B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-14 | 2019-09-25 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | 比較電極 |
CN106841342B (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-12-25 | 国家电网公司 | 一种汞-硝酸氨基汞参比电极及其制备方法和应用 |
CN107084919A (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-22 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种金属双极板材料耐腐蚀性能测试用参比电极的制备方法 |
US10983084B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-04-20 | Horiba Advanced Techno, Co., Ltd. | Electrode device |
CN109298252B (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-09-08 | 杭州电子科技大学 | 一种用于海洋电场探测的抗腐蚀全固态电极及制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3681136A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1972-08-01 | Intern Biophysics Corp | Metal-metal salt electrodes and process |
DE3203407A1 (de) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-09-09 | Corning Glass Works, 14830 Corning, N.Y. | Bezugselektrode mit ionenselektiver sperre |
JPS61209351A (ja) * | 1985-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | Denki Kagaku Keiki Co Ltd | Ph等の測定用電極体 |
ES2034985T3 (es) * | 1986-05-23 | 1993-04-16 | Amagruss Limited | Electrodo de referencia para medir la actividad de los iones, especialmente para la medicion de los valores ph. |
JPH03162662A (ja) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-07-12 | Seiko Instr Inc | 電気化学フローセル |
US5110441A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1992-05-05 | Monsanto Company | Solid state ph sensor |
JPH05340914A (ja) | 1992-06-08 | 1993-12-24 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 参照電極 |
JP3684244B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-08 | 2005-08-17 | 日機装株式会社 | 参照電極 |
JP2004045373A (ja) * | 2002-05-21 | 2004-02-12 | Tanita Corp | 電気化学式センサ |
JP4054246B2 (ja) | 2002-11-06 | 2008-02-27 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | 電極体 |
JP4832921B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2011-12-07 | 東亜ディーケーケー株式会社 | 電極体 |
GB2469650B (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2013-11-20 | Timothy Howard Russell | Reference electrode and combined electrode |
JP2011145144A (ja) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Institute Of National Colleges Of Technology Japan | 酸化還元電位測定用電極 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-07 JP JP2011268123A patent/JP5873701B2/ja active Active
- 2011-12-14 US US13/325,193 patent/US8758586B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-14 CN CN2011104159583A patent/CN102539498A/zh active Pending
- 2011-12-14 EP EP11193385A patent/EP2466296A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2466296A2 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
EP2466296A3 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
US8758586B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
US20120152741A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
JP2012141295A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
CN102539498A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
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