JP5848236B2 - 非標準的な生物活性を有するアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素を含む組成物および方法 - Google Patents
非標準的な生物活性を有するアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素を含む組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この出願は、米国特許法§119(e)の下、2009年3月31日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/165,194号(これは、その全体が参考として本明細書に援用される)の利益を主張する。
本出願と関連する配列表は、紙のコピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、これによって、参照によって本明細書の中に組み込まれる。配列表を含有するテキストファイルの名称は、120161_412PC_SEQUENCE_LISTING.txtである。テキストファイルは、13KBであり、2010年3月31日に作成されたものであり、EFS−Webを介して電子的手段により提出されている。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
非標準的な生物活性を有する、単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)ポリペプチドまたはその活性変異体。
(項目2)
前記非標準的な生物活性は、細胞増殖の調整、アポトーシスの調整、炎症の調整、細胞分化の調整、血管新生の調整、細胞結合の調整、Aktを介した細胞シグナル伝達の調整、細胞の代謝の調整、サイトカイン産生または活性の調整、およびtoll様受容体シグナル伝達の調整からなる群から選択される、項目1に記載の単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素ポリペプチド。
(項目3)
配列番号1に記載の完全長ヒトアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素配列の断片である、項目1に記載の単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素ポリペプチド。
(項目4)
前記その活性変異体は、配列番号1に記載のヒトアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素配列に対してその長さにわたり少なくとも80%または90%の同一性を有するポリペプチドである、項目1に記載の単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素ポリペプチド。
(項目5)
配列番号1のアミノ酸残基1〜31、1〜154、1〜171、もしくは1〜174またはその活性断片もしくは変異体から本質的に成る、項目1に記載の単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素ポリペプチド。
(項目6)
項目1から5のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドおよび異種の融合パートナーを含む融合ポリペプチド。
(項目7)
項目1に記載の少なくとも1つの単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素ポリペプチドを含む二量体または多量体複合体。
(項目8)
項目1から6のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする単離されたポリヌクレオチドまたはその相補体。
(項目9)
項目8に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター。
(項目10)
項目9に記載の発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
(項目11)
項目8に記載のポリヌクレオチドと特異的にハイブリダイズするオリゴヌクレオチド。
(項目12)
プライマー、プローブ、およびアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドから選択される、項目11に記載オリゴヌクレオチド。
(項目13)
項目1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド、前記AspRSポリペプチドの細胞性結合パートナー、またはその両方に対して結合特異性を示す結合剤。
(項目14)
抗体、その抗原結合断片、ペプチド、ペプチドミメティック、小分子、およびアプタマーから選択される、項目13に記載の結合剤。
(項目15)
前記AspRSポリペプチドの非標準的な活性に拮抗する、項目13に記載の結合剤。
(項目16)
前記AspRSポリペプチドの非標準的な活性を刺激する、項目13に記載の結合剤。
(項目17)
試料中のアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)ポリペプチドの存在またはレベルを決定する方法であって、項目1から6のいずれか一項に記載のAspRSポリペプチドに特異的に結合するものまたは結合剤と前記試料を接触させるステップ、前記結合剤の存在または非存在を検出するステップ、およびそれによって、前記AspRSポリペプチドの存在またはレベルを決定するステップを含む方法。
(項目18)
試料中のアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)ポリペプチドの存在またはレベルを決定する方法であって、項目1から6のいずれか一項に記載のAspRSポリペプチドを特異的に同定することができる分子検出器の中に前記試料を導入するステップ、およびそれによって、前記AspRSポリペプチドの存在またはレベルを決定するステップを含む方法。
(項目19)
前記分子検出器は質量分析計(MS)である、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記AspRSタンパク質断片の存在またはレベルをコントロール試料または所定の値と比較するステップを含む、項目17または18に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記試料とコントロールを区別するために前記試料の状態を特徴付けるステップを含む、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記試料およびコントロールは細胞または組織を含み、前記方法は、異なる種の細胞もしくは組織、異なる組織または器官の細胞、異なる細胞発生段階の細胞、異なる細胞分化状態の細胞、または健常な細胞および罹患した細胞を区別するステップを含む、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
項目1から6のいずれか一項に記載のアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)ポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーの1つもしくは複数に特異的に結合する化合物を同定する方法であって、a)適した条件下で、少なくとも1つの試験化合物と、前記AspRSポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーまたはその両方を組み合わせるステップ、およびb)前記試験化合物に対する前記AspRSポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーまたはその両方の結合を検出し、それによって、前記AspRSポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーまたはその両方に特異的に結合する化合物を同定するステップを含む方法。
(項目24)
前記試験化合物は、ポリペプチドもしくはペプチド、抗体もしくはその抗原結合断片、ペプチドミメティック、または小分子である、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記試験化合物は、前記AspRSポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーの非標準的な生物活性を刺激する、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記試験化合物は、前記AspRSポリペプチドまたはその細胞性結合パートナーの非標準的な生物活性に拮抗する、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目27)
項目23から26のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって同定される化合物。
(項目28)
生理学的に許容できる担体と、(i)項目1に記載の単離されたポリペプチド;(ii)項目6に記載の融合タンパク質;(iii)項目7に記載の二量体または多量体
複合体;(iv)項目8に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチド;(v)項目9に記載の発現ベクター;(vi)項目11に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド;(vii)項目13に記載の結合剤;および(viii)項目27に記載の化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分とを含む組成物。
(項目29)
細胞または組織を項目28の組成物と接触させるステップを含む、細胞の活性を調整するための方法。
(項目30)
前記細胞の活性は、細胞移動、細胞増殖、アポトーシス、炎症、細胞分化、血管新生、細胞結合、Aktを介した細胞シグナル伝達、細胞の代謝、サイトカイン産生、およびtoll様受容体シグナル伝達の調整からなる群から選択される、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記細胞の活性はサイトカイン産生である、項目30に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記サイトカインは、IL1−β、IL−6、IL−8、IL−10、IL−12p40、MIP1−α、MIP−1β、GRO−α、MCP−1、またはIL−1raのうちのいずれか1つまたは複数である、項目31に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記細胞の活性はtoll様受容体(TLR)シグナル伝達である、項目31に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記TLRは、TLR2、TLR4、またはその両方である、項目33に記載の方法。
(項目35)
先天免疫応答を刺激する方法である、項目34に記載の方法。
(項目36)
前記細胞は被験体中に存在する、項目29に記載の方法。
(項目37)
炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、新生物性疾患、代謝病、神経学的な疾患、感染症、心血管疾患、および異常な血管新生と関連する疾患からなる群から選択される状態を治療するための方法であって、治療を必要とする被験体に、項目29に記載の組成物を投与するステップを含む方法。
配列番号1は、ヒトアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)の完全長アミノ酸配列である。
その他に定義されない限り、本明細書において使用される技術用語および科学用語はすべて、当業者らによって一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載のものに類似し、または等価である任意の方法および材料を本発明の実施または試験において使用することができるが、好ましい方法および材料が記載される。本発明の目的のために、以下の用語が下記に定義される。
本発明は、一般に、単離されたAspRSポリペプチド、そのようなポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、そのようなポリペプチドに結合する結合剤、そのようなポリペプチドの類似体、変異体、および断片などならびに先のもののいずれかを使用する組成物および方法に関する。そのため、本発明の一態様によれば、治療上関連性の非標準的な活性を有するAspRSポリペプチドおよびそれを含む組成物が提供される。
本発明はまた、本発明のAspRSポリペプチドをコードする単離されたポリヌクレオチドおよびそのようなポリヌクレオチドを含む組成物を提供する。本明細書に記載のように、これらの参照ポリヌクレオチドのすべてもしくは一部に相補的であるまたはこれらの参照ポリヌクレオチドと特異的にハイブリダイズする、AspRS参照ポリヌクレオチドのすべてまたは一部を含むプライマー、プローブ、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド、およびRNA干渉剤も、本発明のAspRSポリヌクレオチドの範囲内に含まれる。
他の態様によれば、本発明は、本明細書において開示されるポリペプチドに対してまたはその部分、変異体、もしくは誘導体に対して結合特異性を示す抗体、その抗原結合断片、可溶性受容体、小分子、アプタマーなどの結合剤およびそれを使用するための方法をさらに提供する。好ましくは、そのような結合剤は、本発明のAspRSポリペプチドによって媒介される、非標準的な活性の1つまたは複数を調整するのに有効である。ある実施形態では、例えば、結合剤は、本発明のAspRSポリペプチドに結合し、その細胞性結合パートナーの1つまたは複数に結合するためのその能力を阻害するものである。したがって、そのような結合剤は、その活性に拮抗することによって、本発明のAspRSポリペプチドによって媒介される疾患、障害、または他の状態を治療または予防するために使用されてもよい。
本発明の組成物(例えばポリペプチド、ポリヌクレオチド、抗体など)は、一般に、単独でまたは1つもしくは複数の他の治療法と組み合わせて、細胞、組織、または動物への投与のために、薬学的に許容できるまたは生理学的に許容できる溶液中で製剤される。所望の場合、本発明の組成物は、その上、例えば他のタンパク質もしくはポリペプチドまたは様々な薬学的に活性の作用物質などの他の作用物質と組み合わせて投与されてもよいことが理解されるであろう。組成物中に含まれていてもよい他の成分に対する制限は事実上ない、ただし、さらなる作用物質が、本発明のAspRSポリペプチドにより達成されることとなる、所望の、所望の効果に悪影響を及ぼさないことを条件とする。
本発明は、他の態様では、本明細書に記載のように、本発明のポリペプチド、ポリヌクレオチド、抗体、多ユニット複合体、その組成物などの1つまたは複数が充填された1つまたは複数の容器を含むキットを提供する。キットは、そのような組成物を使用するための方法についての書面の説明書を含むことができる(例えば細胞シグナル伝達、血管新生、癌、炎症性の状態などを調整するための)。
本発明の実施形態はまた、診断上の、薬剤発見の、および/または治療上の目的のためにAspRS組成物または本明細書に記載の「作用物質」を使用するための方法を含む。AspRS「作用物質」という用語は、AspRSポリヌクレオチド、AspRSポリペプチド、結合剤、および本明細書に記載の他の化合物を一般に指す。診断上の目的のために、AspRS作用物質は、異なる細胞型もしくは異なる細胞の状態を区別するためにまたは関連する疾患もしくは状態を有する被験体を同定するためになどのように、様々な非限定的な方法において使用することができる。薬剤発見の目的のために、AspRS作用物質は、AspRSポリペプチドの1つもしくは複数の細胞性「結合パートナー」を同定するために、AspRSポリペプチドの1つもしくは複数の「非標準的な」活性を特徴付けるために、その結合パートナー(複数可)とのAspRSポリペプチドの相互作用に選択的にもしくは非選択的を刺激するかもしくはそれに拮抗する作用物質を同定するために、および/またはAspRSポリペプチドの1つもしくは複数の「非標準的な」活性に選択的にもしくは非選択的を刺激するかもしくはそれに拮抗する作用物質を同定するために使用することができる。治療上の目的のために、本明細書において提供されるAspRS作用物質または組成物は、下記に詳述される、様々な疾患または状態を治療するために使用することができる。
上記に述べられるように、本明細書に記載のAspRS作用物質は、診断アッセイにおいて使用することができる。これらの実施形態は、AspRSポリヌクレオチド配列(複数可)または1つもしくは複数の新しく同定されたAspRSタンパク質断片の対応するポリペプチド配列(複数可)もしくはその部分の検出を含む。ある実施形態では、1つまたは複数の新しく同定されたAspRS配列の存在またはレベルは、1つまたは複数の細胞型または細胞の状態と関連または相関する。したがって、上記に述べられるように、AspRS配列の存在またはレベルは、異なる細胞型または異なる細胞の状態を区別するために使用することができる。AspRS配列の存在またはレベルは、ポリヌクレオチドおよび/またはポリペプチドベースの診断法に従って検出することができる。
ある実施形態は、典型的に、参照AspRSの非標準的な活性の1つまたは複数を調整する作用物質を同定するための、薬剤発見におけるAspRSポリペプチドまたはAspRSポリヌクレオチド参照配列の使用に関する。例えば、ある実施形態は、AspRSポリペプチドと結合し、その1つまたは複数の非標準的な活性に関与する、細胞タンパク質または他の宿主分子などの、AspRS参照ポリペプチドまたはAspRS参照配列を含むポリペプチドの1つまたは複数の「結合パートナー」を同定するための方法を含む。AspRSポリペプチドおよび/またはその細胞性結合パートナーの1つまたは複数と相互作用することによってなどのように、AspRS参照ポリペプチドまたはその活性変異体の非標準的な活性を刺激するかまたはそれに拮抗する化合物(例えばポリペプチド)または他の作用物質を同定するための方法も含まれる。
他の態様では、本発明は、本明細書に記載の組成物を用いて細胞、組織、または被験体を治療するために本発明の組成物を使用するための方法に関する。本発明によって調整されてもよい細胞または組織は、好ましくは哺乳類細胞またはより好ましくはヒト細胞である。そのような細胞は、健常な状態または罹患した状態のものとすることができる。
ヒトアスパルチルTRNA合成酵素(ASPRS)断片の生成
配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列を有する完全長組換えヒトAspRSは、発現され、ニッケルIMACクロマトグラフィーを使用してE.coliから精製した。タンパク質分解制御によってAspRSの断片を生成するために、完全長タンパク質は、4〜12%MOPSまたは12%MESバッファー(図1CおよびD)において実行するSDS−PAGEによる断片の分離の前に、30分間、42nMヒト好中球エラスターゼを用いて処理した。4〜12%MOPSにおけるSDS−PAGEゲル上で実行した消化は、約19kDaの単一のタンパク質断片のみを示した(図1C)が、12%MESバッファーにおけるSDS−PAGEゲル上で実行した消化は、3〜6kDaの少なくとも3つのさらなるより小さなペプチド断片を示した(図1D)。
ASPRS断片は、内皮細胞においてAktを活性化する
AspRS断片のプールは、37℃で、30分間、2ug完全長組換えAspRSに42nM好中球エラスターゼを追加することによって生成した。反応は、10倍過剰のプロテアーゼ中アルファ1抗トリプシン(セルピンA1)の追加によって止めた。ウシ大動脈内皮細胞(bAEC)は、好中球エラスターゼを用いて切断されなかったまたは切断された50nM完全長AspRSタンパク質のプールを用いて処理した。細胞は、10および15分間、AspRS断片と共にインキュベートし、採取し、シグナル伝達分子Aktのリン酸化(活性化)形態のみを特異的に認識する抗体と共にウエスタンブロット法にかけた。この処理により、リン酸化を介しての、Aktの強く再現可能な活性化がもたらされた(図2Aおよび2B)。この結果は、アポトーシスの調節、グリコーゲン合成、細胞サイクル調節、および細胞成長におけるAktの役割により有意となる。
ASPRS上の好中球エラスターゼ切断部位の同定
好中球エラスターゼを用いる切断によって生成した断片(図1D)は、各断片についての正確な質量を決定するためにLC/MS/MSを使用して分析した。さらに、個々の断片は、4〜12%MOPSまたは12%MESバッファーにおいて実行したSDS−PAGEゲルから切り取り、断片が生成される完全長タンパク質の部分を同定し、好中球エラスターゼに起因し得る非トリプシン切断部位を同定するために、インゲルトリプシン消化にかけ、その後にLC/MS/MS分析を続けた。これらのペプチド範囲の識別点を表2において概説する。
ASPRS断片は、PBMCからのTNF−α分泌を増加させる
健常なドナーに由来する末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)は、24時間、100nM用量の完全長AspRSタンパク質およびAspRS、D1の断片(表2)を用いて処理した。PBMCからのTNF−α分泌を増加させることが公知であるEMAPII(内皮単球活性化ポリペプチドII)は、ポジティブコントロールとして使用した。TNF−α分泌の増加は、完全長AspRSに応じて観察され、この増加は、EMAPIIポジティブコントロールについて観察された大きさに類似した。しかしながら、予想外に、AspRSのD1断片は、完全長AspRSまたはEMAPIIポジティブコントロールについて観察されたものよりも約6倍高いレベルで、TNF−α分泌を誘発した(図3)。したがって、AspRSのD1断片は、完全長タンパク質内で概してマスクされている新しい機能を有する。
ASPRS断片D1は、完全長ASPRSとは異なる、サイトカインのインビトロにおける分泌を誘発する
完全長AspRS(100nM)またはAspRSの断片、D1(100nM)は、24時間、1×106末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)と共にインキュベートした。24時間のインキュベーションの後に、上清は、採取し、液体窒素中でスナップ凍結し、次いで、複数のサイトカインについて分析した。上清は、27の異なるサイトカインについて測定し、バッファー処理したPBMC上清と比較した。誤差バーは、2つの集団比較(biological replicate)を示す。図4において示されるように、AspRS断片D1は、完全長AspRSにより観察される刺激を超える、多数のサイトカインの大きな刺激を示した(例えばIL1−β、IL−6、IL−8、IL−10、IL−12p40、MIP1−α、MIP−1β、GRO−α、MCP−1、およびIL−1ra)。
ASPRS断片は、単球におけるCD71マーカーアップレギュレーションを誘発する
末梢血単核細胞(PBMCの)は、正常な血液ドナーから単離した。1.5×106 PBMCは、24時間、200nM用量のAspRS断片D1(完全長のタンパク質の最初の154アミノ酸からなる)を用いて処理した。10μg/mLの植物レクチンフィトヘマグルチニン(PHA)を用いて処理したPBMCは、ポジティブコントロールとした。図5において示されるように、CD71増殖マーカーのアップレギュレーションは、抗CD71抗体(Beckton−Dickinson)を用いて染色し、フローサイトメトリーによって試料を分析した後に、D1処理ゲート制御単球において見られた。同じ試料のゲート制御リンパ球集団においてCD71アップレギュレーションの有意な増加はなかった。したがって、D1は、PBMC混合物における単球を活性化するための細胞型に特異的な能力を有する。
ASPRS断片は、単球およびマクロファージからのTNF−α分泌を増加させる
単球(THP−1)およびマクロファージ(RAW264.7)細胞株の両方は、100nMのC末端にタグをつけたD1(C−D1)または完全長AspRS(C−DRS)を用いて処理した。上清は、2、4、8、および24時間に収集し、次いで、TNF−α分泌について分析した。図6において示されるように、最大の量のTNF−α分泌は、C−D1を用いる処理の2〜4時間後に見られたが、次いで、8および24時間で減少した。C−DRSを用いる処理の後のTNF−α分泌は、検査したすべての時点で無視できるものであった。C−D1を用いる処理の後のTNF−α分泌の増加は、用量依存的であった。さらに、4時間の、100nM、50nM、25nM、12.5nM、および6nM C−D1、N−D1、およびC−DRSを用いる細胞の処理により、C−D1処理のみがTNF−α分泌を増加させることが実証された。
DRS断片D1は、マクロファージ細胞株の走化性を誘発する
インビトロにおいて細胞移動を評価するために、ポリカーボネート膜を有する24ウェルTranswellチャンバー(5μm孔径、Costar)は、PBS中0.5mg/mlのゼラチンを用いてコーティングし、風乾させた。脱離したRAW264.7細胞(マウス単球/マクロファージ細胞株)は、新鮮なDMEMを用いて一度洗浄し、0.1%BSA/DMEMを用いて2×107細胞/mlの中に懸濁した。完全長AspRS(DRS)またはD1は、0.1%BSA/DMEMを用いて異なる濃度に希釈した。RAW264.7細胞は、ウェル当たり100μl中2×106細胞で上部のチャンバーに追加した。下部のチャンバーは、ウェル当たり500μlの、DRSまたはD1を含有する培地を用いて充填した。37℃での24時間後に、カルセインAM(Invitrogen)は、移動した細胞を染色するために8μMの最終濃度で下部のチャンバーに追加した。30分間のインキュベーションの後に、移動しなかった細胞は、綿棒を用いて、Transwell膜の上部の表面から除去した。下部の膜表面上で移動する細胞は、高倍率視野において蛍光顕微鏡下で数えた。図7において示されるように、D1は、用量依存的に移動を誘発したが、移動は、同じ濃度の完全長AspRSによってほとんどまたは全く刺激されなかった。
ASPRS断片が誘発したTNF−α分泌マクロファージはU0126によって阻害することができる
マクロファージ(RAW264.7)細胞は、1時間、100nMで、小分子阻害剤U0126またはLY294022を用いて予め処理し、その後、さらに4時間、50nMのD1または1ng/mlのLPSを用いる処理を続けた。上清は、収集し、TNF−α分泌について分析した。図8において示されるように、TNF−αの分泌は、D1およびLPSで処理した細胞においてU0126によって阻害された。しかしながら、LY294022は、LPSで処理した細胞におけるTNF−α分泌を阻害したのみであった。
ASPRS断片D1は、VEGF誘発性の血管新生を阻害する
この実験の目的は、AspRSのD1断片の抗血管新生活性を評価することとした。D1タンパク質は、Modified Matrigel(登録商標)プラグアッセイにおいてVEGF誘発性の血管新生を阻害するその能力を決定するために、Matrigel(登録商標)プラグの中に直接組み込んだ。手短に言えば、実験の1日目に体重が21〜25gあるメスのNCRヌードマウス(8匹のマウス/群)を得た。空気嚢は、27ゲージ針を使用して、1、4、および6日目に肩甲骨の間の皮下のスペースに1mlの空気を注射することによって試験動物において生成した。7日目に、VEGF(Cell Sciences)+生理食塩水、VEGF+スーテント(Pfizer Pharmaceuticals)、またはVEGF+D1タンパク質を含有する0.5ml Matrigel(登録商標)(VWR)は、予め生成した空気嚢の中に注射した。13日目(移植の6日後)に、動物は安楽死させ、Matrigel(登録商標)プラグは、切り取り、写真を撮り、計量した。活性を評価するために使用する一次エンドポイントは、湿性のMatrigel(登録商標)プラグ重量の1mg当たりのヘモグロビン含有率とした。図9において示されるように、D1は、VEGF誘発性の血管新生の阻害を引き起こした。
C末端にタグをつけたASPRS断片は、単球におけるTNF−α分泌を誘発した
単球(THP−1)細胞は、4時間、100nMのCまたはN末端にタグをつけたD1または完全長AspRSを用いて処理した。その後に、上清は、収集し、TNF−α分泌について分析した。図10において示されるように、TNF−α分泌の誘発は、C末端にタグをつけたD1を用いて処理した細胞において最も大きかった。N末端にタグをつけたD1は、はるかに小さな応答を誘発し、D1断片のN末端領域が、おそらく、そのサイトカイン活性における重要な役割を果たすことを示す。他のすべての処理群は、TNF−α分泌の有意に低い誘発を有した。
ASPRS断片D1は、ヒトDRSの哺乳類特異的ドメインを含有する
図11において示されるように、32アミノ酸ペプチドは、哺乳類DRSのN末端にのみ見つけられ、酵母DRSにおいて見つからなかった。タンパク質のこの領域は、標準的なtRNA合成酵素アミノアシル化活性に不要であり、推定上の両親媒性ヘリックスを含有することが予測される(Jacobo−MolinaおよびYang(1989年)、EscalanteおよびYang、JBC(1992年)において報告される)。そのサイトカイン活性に関してのD1のN末端の観察される重要性に基づいて、この特有の領域は、D1についてここで報告されるサイトカイン活性の重要なメディエーターとなり得る。
マクロファージからの内因性D1断片の同定
図12Aにおいて示されるように、AspRSの断片は、LC/MS/MSプロテオミクス分析を使用して、マウスマクロファージ細胞株(RAW264.7)において検出した。図12Aは、RAW264.7マウスマクロファージをSDS−PAGE分析にかけるステップを示し、タンパク質バンドは、切り取り、LC MS/MSによって分析し、AspRSのN末端断片は、D1として同定した。この質量スペクトル分析は、D1断片が、AspRSホモ二量体の501残基単量体ユニットのN末端部分を含むことを示した(完全長AspRSの約残基1〜171からなる)。D1断片は、ヒトAspRSのアンチコドン結合ドメインを含み(図12Bを参照されたい)、高度に類似するOBフォールドドメインを含有するEMAPIIサイトカインに対して構造的な類似度を有する。EMAPIIサイトカインは、p43において異なるドメインとして見つけられ(哺乳類細胞の多tRNA合成酵素複合体で結合するタンパク質)、アポトーシスの条件下で、それは、免疫調節性サイトカインとして役立つように切り取られ、分泌される。類似するEMAPII様のドメインは、ヒトTyrRSのC末端領域において存在する。しかしながら、EMAP−IIならびにTyrRSおよびp43において見つけられる相同性のドメインとは対照的に、D1は、高等真核生物においてのみ見つかり、両親媒性ヘリックスを形成する、N末端に特有の22アミノ酸伸長を有する。
ASPRSの構造分析
D1の構造および生理学的な起源をよりよく理解するために、天然のヒトAspRSは、結晶化し、その3次元構造は、1.9Åの分解能で決定した(図12Cを参照されたい)。D1に相当する構造の一部は、別々のOBフォールド含有ドメインを形成するが、C末端触媒ドメインは、酵母および細菌のAspRSにかなり類似している。D1断片および触媒ドメインをつなぐ残基154および182を包含するリンカーは、構造的に不規則であり、その高度な可撓性を示唆する。このリンカー領域の可撓性およびプロテアーゼへのその明らかな到達性は、内因性プロテアーゼによるその切断により天然のAspRSからD1が遊離されるはずであることを示唆した。PMNエラスターゼを用いる組換え天然ヒトAspRSの処理は、残基154でのD1の切断および完全な放出によって、この予想が確認された(実施例3を参照されたい)。
ASPRS断片D1は、サイトカインのインビボおよびインビトロにおける分泌を誘発し、免疫細胞に結合する
マクロファージは、自然免疫においてキープレーヤーであり、細胞の代謝および炎症に関与するものを含む多くのタンパク質サイトカインを産生し、分泌する。AspRSのD1断片および炎症の間の可能性のある関係を探索するために、D1タンパク質(10mg/kg)は、健常なマウスに、静脈内に注射し、変化は、ビヒクルコントロールに比べた、血流の中に分泌された炎症性サイトカイン(炎症促進性および抗炎症性の両方)において測定した。ヒトおよびマウスのAspRSおよびD1が96.8%の配列同一性を有するので、組換えヒトAspRSおよびD1は、すべての研究に使用した。
核因子KB(NF−KB)を通してのD1シグナル
核因子−kB(NF−kB)は、炎症促進性サイトカイン(TNF−αのような)の転写の刺激を通して、炎症の発症において重要な役割を果たし、炎症の消散の間に、次いで、IL−10のような抗炎症性サイトカインの発現を刺激すると思われる転写因子である。NF−KBはまた、酸化ストレス、ウイルスおよび細菌の病原体、ならびに炎症性サイトカインを含む、多くの刺激に対する細胞応答を指示する際に中心的な役割を果たす。そのため、マクロファージにおけるNF−KBの活性化に対するD1の効果を調査した。
D1は、TLR2およびTLR4に結合し、それらを通してシグナル伝達する
NF−κBは、パターン認識toll様受容体(TLR)を含む、多くのマクロファージ細胞表面受容体を通してトリガーすることができる。TLR受容体ファミリーへの可能性のある連結を調査するために、7つの異なるHEK293細胞株に、NF−κB誘発性レポーター遺伝子(分泌胚アルカリホスファターゼをコードする)ならびに別々のtoll様受容体(TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR5、TLR7、TLR8、およびTLR9)のパネルをコードする遺伝子を安定して、コトランスフェクトした。図14Bにおいて示されるように、NF−κBのD1誘発性の活性化は、TLR 3、5、7、8、または9ではなくTLR2またはTLR4を通してのみ観察された。
D1活性における両親媒性ヘリックス
先の作業は、TLR2および4についてのリガンドとしてのLPSを確立した。確かに、TLR2および4についてのリピドAアゴニスト(OM174)リガンドは、D1について観察されたもの、すなわちTNF−αの一時的な放出(1〜2時間)およびIL−10分泌の続く増加に類似する効果をインビボにおいて示した。D1は、EMAP−II様のOBフォールドをコードする。D1のように、EMAP IIドメインは、タンパク質分解の切断によってp43から放出された場合、単球からのTNF−αの分泌を刺激する。EMAP−IIドメインはまた、好中球上でさらなる活性を示す(ミエロペルオキシダーゼの移動および分泌を刺激する)。しかしながら、D1は、好中球上で作用しなかった(データ示さず)。EMAP−IIおよびD1のある相違は、D1の最初の22アミノ酸内に含有される特有の両親媒性ヘリックスである。そのため、D1活性における両親媒性ヘリックスの役割を調査した。
D1活性は内毒素混入物質によらない
これらの研究において使用される組換えD1は、E.coliから精製し、12EU/mg未満のLPS含有細菌内毒素レベルを有することが示された。それにも関わらず、LPSは、TLR2およびTLR4シグナル伝達の強い刺激物質であり、実験は、D1を用いて見られる結果を担う微量内毒素のいかなる可能性をも取り除くために実行した。この目的のために、分泌配列と共にD1をコードする遺伝子は、トランスフェクトしたHEK293細胞において発現された。分泌されたD1を含有する条件培地は、収集し、濃縮し、PBMCと共にインキュベートした。
Δ22 ASPRSインビボマウスノックイン実験
AspRSのΔ22変異体が、上記に示されるように、TLR2およびTLR4を通してのTNF−α分泌を刺激しないので、Δ22 AspRSノックインマウスの生成は、AspRSの標準的で不可欠なアミノアシル化活性を損なうことなく、AspRSのN末端の生理学的な効果について検討することを可能にする。最初の実験は、TLR2およびTLR4内因性リガンドとしてAspRS活性に寄与することが示された、AspRSのΔ22領域の除去について、可能性のある保護効果を検査するものに集中する。
Claims (24)
- 配列番号1のアミノ酸残基1〜154、1〜171もしくは1〜174を含む、長さが200アミノ酸までの単離されたアスパルチルtRNA合成酵素(AspRS)ポリペプチド、または長さが50アミノ酸以上であるその活性断片、または配列番号1の残基1〜154、1〜171もしくは1〜174に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有するその活性変異体であって、前記AspRSポリペプチド、前記その活性断片、または前記その活性変異体が、抗炎症活性および血管新生抑制活性を有し、ならびに両親媒性ヘリックスを含む、前記AspRSポリペプチド、前記その活性断片、または前記その活性変異体。
- 前記活性断片の長さが100アミノ酸以上である、請求項1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記活性断片の長さが130アミノ酸以上である、請求項1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記活性変異体が配列番号1の残基1〜154、1〜171または1〜174に対して少なくとも95%の同一性を有する、請求項1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、配列番号1のアミノ酸残基1〜154、1〜171、もしくは1〜174または配列番号1の残基1〜154、1〜171もしくは1〜174に対して少なくとも90%の同一性を有する活性変異体から成る、請求項1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 活性変異体が配列番号1の残基1〜154、1〜171もしくは1〜174に対して少なくとも95%の同一性を有する、請求項5に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドの長さが150〜160アミノ酸である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 配列番号1の残基1〜154から成る、請求項7に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 配列番号1の残基1〜154、1〜171または1〜174から成る、請求項1に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 異種の融合パートナーをさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記異種の融合パートナーがFc断片である、請求項10に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドがペグ化によって修飾されている、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、1つまたは複数の構成アミノ酸の化学的なおよび/または酵素による誘導体化を含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記抗炎症活性が、抗炎症性サイトカインの産生の誘導、toll様受容体への結合またはその両方である、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記抗炎症性サイトカインがIL−10である、請求項14に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 前記toll様受容体がTLR2およびTLR4である、請求項14に記載の単離されたAspRSポリペプチド。
- 請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする単離されたポリヌクレオチドもしくはその相補体。
- 請求項17に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項17に記載の発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 薬学的に許容できる担体と、
請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載のAspRSポリペプチド、または請求項17に記載の単離されたポリヌクレオチドもしくはその相補体と
を含む、組成物。 - 前記組成物のLPS含有細菌内毒素レベルが12EU/mg未満である、請求項20に記載の組成物。
- 経口投与、非経口投与、静脈内投与、鼻腔内投与、吸入、頭蓋内投与、または筋肉内投与のために処方されている、請求項20または21に記載の組成物。
- 炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、新生物性疾患、代謝病、神経学的な疾患、感染症、心血管疾患、および異常な血管新生と関連する疾患からなる群から選択される状態を治療する際に使用するための、請求項20から22のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 炎症性疾患または自己免疫疾患を治療する際に使用するための請求項23に記載の組成物。
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CN102449143B (zh) | 2017-11-14 |
AU2010236913B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
AU2010236913A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
EP2414513A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
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CN102449143A (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
WO2010120509A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
JP2012522510A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
WO2010120509A3 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
US9896680B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
US20160230163A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
EP2414513B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
CA2757289A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
ES2560674T3 (es) | 2016-02-22 |
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