JP5772400B2 - Waste material processing apparatus and waste material processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste material processing apparatus and a processing method including waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with a paper material attached to the surface thereof.

  In recent years, technology relating to the use of biomass has been attracting attention from the viewpoint of effective use of organic waste.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a complex plant including a biomass resource processing facility and a cement manufacturing facility. In this complex plant, unused energy is supplied from the cement manufacturing facility to the treatment facility, and the treatment facility uses the supplied unused energy to process biomass resources, and waste or raw fuel from the treatment facility. Is used as part of the raw fuel in the cement manufacturing process at the cement manufacturing facility. Biomass resources include wood resources, and in processing facilities, the wood resources are crushed with a crushing device to form chips. Chips manufactured at the processing facility are used as part or all of the fuel for the burners of various devices at the cement manufacturing facility.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, in a method for treating organic waste containing at least one of livestock excrement and food waste, chlorine contained in the organic waste and / or by introducing the organic waste into water. It is disclosed that a biomass fuel having a chlorine concentration and a moisture content of not more than predetermined values is produced by dissolving a chlorine compound in water and drying the desalted organic waste in this manner.

JP 2004-149408 A International Publication No. 2009/057713

  The wood resources used in the processing facility of the complex plant disclosed in Patent Document 1 are offcuts generated at a sawmill. This kind of millwood contains only waste wood, but there are also building wastes as woody resources. Building waste includes not only waste wood but also waste gypsum board and paper material affixed thereto. In addition, when building waste is, for example, waste from a building near the coast, such building waste is exposed to salty air, bathed in seawater, or immersed in seawater to cause salt adhesion. Often doing. When building waste materials with salt attached are burned, dioxins may be generated. Therefore, in order to use the building waste materials as fuel, it is necessary to remove the salt. The removal of salt can be dealt with by washing with water, as disclosed in Patent Document 2.

  However, when the construction waste containing the waste gypsum board is washed with water, the paper material stuck to the waste gypsum board gets wet and peels off. The peeled paper material is flushed with the water used for cleaning. However, if the flushed paper material stays in the middle of the drainage path, the drainage path may be blocked by the remaining paper material. As a result, not only is the drainage of the cleaning water impeded, but also a paper material removal operation is required, which reduces the efficiency of the entire cleaning process.

  The present invention provides a waste material processing apparatus and a waste material processing method capable of efficiently performing a process for making it possible to use waste wood containing waste wood and waste gypsum board, which is further adhered with salt by seawater, as a fuel. For the purpose.

The waste material treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises:
A waste material treatment apparatus comprising waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material affixed to the surface,
A crusher for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material,
A washing machine for washing the crushed material by spraying water;
A dryer for drying the washed crushed material ;
A belt conveyor for conveying the pre-Symbol crushed, is configured such that the crushed material being transported is cleaned by the cleaning machines and draining can be formed with a plurality of openings through the front and back A belt conveyor ,
Means for blowing the air to the crushed material between the crusher and the washing machine to sort the paper material from the crushed material, and the return portion between the feed portion and the return portion of the belt conveyor At least one of the sprayers for spraying water,
It is characterized by having.

The processing method of the waste material of the present invention,
A waste wood treatment method comprising waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material affixed to the surface,
A crushing step for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material ,
And a cleaning process for cleaning the previous Symbol crushed,
A drying step of drying the washed crushed material;
Have
In the cleaning step, the transported material is transported by a belt conveyor having a plurality of openings penetrating the front and back surfaces and formed so as to be drainable, and cleaning is performed by spraying water on the crushed material being transported. And
Blowing air toward the crushed material between the crushing step and the washing step to sort the paper material from the crushed material, and the return portion between the feed portion and the return portion of the belt conveyor and wherein removing the paper material adhered to the surface of the return portion by spraying water, a row of Ukoto at least one of towards.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, since it wash | cleaned after crushing a waste material, the fall of the crushing efficiency by absorption of the waste wood accompanying washing | cleaning can be suppressed. In addition, by removing the paper material contained in the waste material after crushing the waste material, it is possible to prevent clogging of the structure formed in the transport means for draining used for cleaning, and efficient draining is possible. It becomes. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently perform processing for making it possible to use waste materials including waste wood and waste gypsum board as fuel.

It is the schematic of the waste material processing apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a waste material processing apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The processing apparatus 1 includes a crusher 11 that crushes the waste material 40 to obtain a crushed material, a cleaning sprayer 22 for washing the crushed material obtained by crushing, and a crushed material for drying the washed crushed material. And a hot air dryer 24 that blows hot air on.

  The waste material 40 processed by the processing apparatus 1 is mainly a construction waste material such as a wooden house, and includes waste gypsum board in addition to waste wood. Paper material is affixed to the surface of the waste gypsum board. Further, the waste wood is soaked in seawater, or has salt attached to the surface by being bathed in seawater. Further, the waste material 40 may have sludge attached to the surface, and / or a metal piece such as a nail or a screw may be included in the waste material 40.

  The crusher 11 crushes the waste material 40 in a state where waste wood, waste gypsum board, and the like are mixed, into chips. The waste material 40 crushed by the crusher 11 and made into chips is referred to as a crushed material in this specification. The sprayer 22 for washing | cleaning wash | cleans crushed material by spraying normal temperature water toward the obtained crushed material. The washing | cleaning of the crushed material as used in this specification at least includes removing the waste gypsum board from the crushed material and removing the salt adhering to the surface of the waste wood. Further, when sludge is adhered to the surface of the crushed material, this sludge is also removed by spraying water from the cleaning sprayer 22.

  In order to convey the crushed material obtained by the crusher 11 to an area where water is sprayed by the cleaning sprayer 22, the processing apparatus 1 includes first and second conveyors 13 and 14 that are belt conveyors, respectively. The crushed material obtained by the crusher 11 is first placed on the first conveyor 13 and conveyed, transferred from the first conveyor 13 to the second conveyor 14, and then transferred to the second conveyor. 14 is configured to be cleaned by the cleaning sprayer 22 during conveyance. The first conveyor 13 and the second conveyor 14 are arranged stepwise up and down so that the terminal end of the first conveyor 13 is located above the starting end of the second conveyor 14. By arranging the first conveyor 13 and the second conveyor 14 in this way, the crushed material conveyed by the first conveyor 13 falls on the second conveyor 14 at the end of the first conveyor 13. And conveyed by the second conveyor 14.

  In addition, in order to collect | recover the metal piece contained in the crushed material prior to washing | cleaning, the magnetic separator 30 is arrange | positioned in the vicinity of the 1st conveyor 13. FIG. The magnetic separator 30 removes metal pieces from the crushed material using magnetic force.

  The second conveyor 14 has a belt having a plurality of openings penetrating the front and back, such as a perforated belt and a mesh belt, and the crushed material is carried on the belt. Therefore, the water from the cleaning sprayer 22 can fall through the opening of the belt, and draining is performed by the belt. That is, the 2nd conveyor 14 comprises the conveyance means formed so that the draining in this invention was possible.

  Between the feeding part and the return part of the second conveyor 14, a clogging prevention sprayer 28 that forms a sorter in the present invention and sprays water toward the return part is arranged. Here, the “feed section” means a portion of the belt that moves from the start end to the end of the second conveyor 14 and carries the crushed material thereon, and the “return section” means the second conveyor. The end portion of the belt 14 moves from the end to the start, that is, the “feed portion” means a portion of the belt that moves in the opposite direction. The meanings of “feed section” and “return section” are the same not only in the second conveyor 14 but also in the first conveyor 13 and the third conveyor 15 described later.

  As described above, the belt constituting the second conveyor 14 has a plurality of openings, and the clogging prevention sprayer 28 prevents clogging of the belt by spraying water toward the belt. .

  Below the second conveyor 14 is disposed a tank 36 that receives water discharged from the cleaning sprayer 22 and the clogging prevention sprayer 28 and dropped through the second conveyor 14.

  Between the end of the first conveyor 13 and the start of the second conveyor 14, crushed material falling from the first conveyor 13 to the second conveyor 14 constituting another sorter in the present invention. A fan 26 that blows wind toward is disposed. The waste material 40 is crushed by the crusher 11 so that the waste wood and the waste gypsum board are made into a piece of waste wood and a piece of waste gypsum board, respectively. Further, one of the paper materials pasted on the surface of the waste gypsum board The part is peeled off from the waste gypsum board and made into a piece of paper. That is, the crushed material obtained by the crusher 11 includes a small piece of waste wood, a small piece of waste gypsum board, and a piece of paper. Instead of the fan 26, an air nozzle that ejects air may be used. When using an air nozzle, it is possible to blow a stronger wind toward the crushed material.

  The fan 26 blows away a piece of paper by blowing air from the first conveyor 13 onto the crushed material falling, and sorts and removes the paper piece from the crushed material. Accordingly, the wind generated by the fan 26 is strong enough to blow away the small pieces of waste wood and waste gypsum board but not to blow away the paper pieces. The direction of the wind by the fan 26 is a direction from the downstream side toward the upstream side in the conveying direction of the crushed material by the second conveyor 14.

  As described above, in this embodiment, in order to sort the paper material contained in the pulverized material, the fan 26 and the clogging prevention sprayer 28 are provided with two types of sorters. However, in the present invention, it is not necessary to have both of these, and only one of them can be used.

  A temporary container 32 is disposed on the terminal end side of the second conveyor 14. The temporary container 32 is a container that receives the crushed material that has been transported by the second conveyor 14 and dropped from the second conveyor 14 and temporarily stores it. The lower wall of the temporary container 32 can be opened and closed. By opening the lower wall, the crushed material accommodated in the temporary container 32 can be discharged downward. The temporary container 32 may be omitted as appropriate.

  Below the temporary container 32, the 3rd conveyor 15 which is a belt conveyor which conveys the crushing material discharged | emitted from the temporary container 32 is arrange | positioned. The crushed material that has been cleaned by the cleaning sprayer 22 is wet and cannot be used as fuel as it is, so it must be dried. Therefore, a hot air dryer 24 for drying the crushed material after washing is arranged so as to blow hot air on the crushed material conveyed by the third conveyor 15.

  On the terminal end side of the third conveyor 15, a crushed material container 34 that receives the crushed material that is transported by the third conveyor 15 and dried by the hot air dryer 24 is disposed.

  Next, the processing procedure of the waste material by the processing apparatus 1 mentioned above is demonstrated.

  When the waste material 40 is supplied to the crusher 11, the waste material 40 is crushed by the crusher 11 to obtain a crushed material. The crushed material obtained by the crusher 11 is first conveyed by the first conveyor 13. When the crushed material contains a metal piece, the metal piece is removed by the magnetic separator 30 during conveyance by the first conveyor 13. In FIG. 1, the magnetic separator 30 is disposed above the first conveyor 13, but the magnetic separator 30 may be disposed between the feeding section and the return section of the first conveyor 13. However, in this case, the belt constituting the first conveyor 13 is a belt formed with a plurality of openings penetrating the front and back, such as a perforated belt and a mesh belt, like the second conveyor 14.

  When the crushed material conveyed by the first conveyor 13 reaches the end of the first conveyor 13, it falls onto the second conveyor 14. In the middle of the fall, the crushed material receives air from the fan 26, and the wind force sorts out the paper pieces contained in the crushed material, and the second conveyor 14 conveys the crushed material from which the paper pieces have been removed.

  By the way, waste gypsum board is made into small pieces by being crushed, but gypsum powder is also produced with it. Most of the gypsum powder is blown off together with the paper pieces by the wind from the fan 26, but a part of the gypsum powder adheres to the surface of the gypsum and falls onto the second conveyor 14 as it is for cleaning. It is transported to the area where the water is sprayed by the cleaning sprayer 22. It is desirable that the gypsum powder be removed as much as possible before the cleaning process. For this purpose, it is desirable to remove as much of the waste gypsum board as the source of the gypsum powder as much as possible before crushing. Alternatively, the space between the crusher 11 and the first conveyor 13 may be effectively used, and may be removed by a sorter using wind power such as the fan 26, for example.

  The crushed material from which the paper pieces have been removed is then washed with salt or sludge adhering to the surface by spraying water from the cleaning sprayer 22 on the second conveyor 14. Since the water used for washing falls through the opening of the belt of the second conveyor 14, the washed crushed material is drained well.

  As described above, in the present invention, the washing step is provided after the crushing step. Conversely, when the crushing step is provided after the washing step, the waste wood absorbs water along with the washing, so the crushing efficiency is improved. This leads to an increase in transportation costs due to a decrease and an increase in weight. However, these problems do not occur by providing a crushing step before the washing step.

  In addition, when cleaning is performed, the paper material attached to the waste gypsum board flows along with the cleaning water, but since this paper material is in a wet state, the opening of the belt of the second conveyor 14 May remain attached to the outer surface of the belt. The paper material adhering to the outer surface of the belt may reduce the opening area of the opening, possibly closing the opening, and reducing the draining performance of the belt.

  Therefore, a paper material sorting step is provided after the crushing step, and by removing the paper material contained in the crushed material, the reduction of the opening area of the belt opening is suppressed. Can be performed. Further, by providing a paper material sorting step before the cleaning step, it becomes possible to sort the paper material using wind power. As a result, the paper material can be sorted with a simple configuration using the fan 26.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the paper material is selected before the crushed material is washed, but the paper material that cannot be removed by the fan 26, such as the paper material that is still attached to the waste gypsum board. May be washed away with water in the washing process. Such a paper material may also reduce the opening area of the opening of the belt and may block the opening in some cases, thereby reducing the draining performance of the belt.

  The paper material adhering to the outer surface of the belt is removed by the clogging prevention sprayer 28. The clogging prevention sprayer 28 is disposed between the feeding portion and the return portion of the second conveyor 14 and sprays water toward the return portion. Usually, in a conveyor that carries articles on a belt, the return portion is positioned below the feed portion, and the outer surface of the belt faces downward on the return portion. Therefore, the clogging prevention sprayer 28 sprays water from above on the return portion where the paper material is attached to the outer surface of the belt facing downward, and thereby adheres to the surface (outer surface) of the return portion. Since the removed paper material is removed, the paper material adhering to the belt can be easily washed off from the belt. As a result, clogging of the opening of the belt in the second conveyor 14 is reduced, and draining on the second conveyor 14 can be performed efficiently.

  Washing water and clogging prevention water are stored in the tank 36. Since the water stored in the tank 36 contains salt, paper, gypsum board components and / or sludge, etc., after desalting and filtration, it is reused as water for washing and prevention of clogging. Can be used. If reuse is not required, it can be treated as wastewater.

  The crushed material that has undergone the washing process by spraying water from the washing sprayer 22 as described above is temporarily stored in the temporary container 32. Here, the bottom wall of the temporary container 32 and at least the bottom wall of the side wall of the temporary container 32, for example, a mesh structure or the like that does not pass the crushed material so that drainage can be further performed even when the crushed material is stored in the temporary container 32. It is preferable to have an opening.

  Next, the bottom wall of the temporary container 32 is opened, and the crushed material in the temporary container 32 falls onto the third conveyor 15. The fallen crushed material is dried by receiving hot air from the hot air dryer 24 while being transported by the third conveyor 15. At this time, in order to effectively blow hot air to the crushed material on the third conveyor 15, the belt of the third conveyor 15 is similar to the second conveyor 14, such as a perforated belt and a mesh belt. A belt in which a plurality of openings penetrating the front and back are formed is preferable. The discharged gypsum board and gypsum powder are disposed of in a specially managed disposal site.

  The crushed material which passed through said drying process is collected by the container 34, and can be utilized as biomass fuel with the boiler of various facilities.

  As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, a waste material processing apparatus described in the following (1) to (3) and a waste material processing method described in (4) are provided.

(1) A treatment apparatus 1 for waste material 40 including waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material affixed to the surface,
A crusher 11 for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material 40;
A washing machine (washing sprayer 22) for washing the crushed material by spraying water;
A dryer (hot air dryer 24) for drying the washed crushed material;
A sorter for sorting the paper material contained in the crushed material;
Conveying means for conveying the crushed material, the crushed material being conveyed is configured to be washed by the washing machine, and the conveying means (second conveyor 14) formed so as to be drainable;
The processing apparatus 1 of the waste material 40 characterized by having.

  In the above-described processing apparatus, the waste material 40 to which salt is attached is crushed by the crusher 11 and used as fuel. However, prior to crushing, the salt is removed by a washing machine. If the waste wood is washed before crushing, the waste wood absorbs water along with the washing, leading to a reduction in crushing efficiency and an increase in transportation cost due to an increase in weight. In addition, washing and draining are performed simultaneously by spraying water onto a conveying means that can be drained by an opening such as a perforated belt, but waste wood mixed with waste gypsum board such as waste 40 is crushed. When washing, the paper material affixed to the surface of the waste gypsum board after washing may block the opening of the conveying means, and draining may be inefficient. Therefore, by arranging the crusher 11 and the sorter so that the paper material is sorted after crushing and removing the paper material contained in the crushed material, the clogging of the opening of the conveying means is reduced and efficient. Draining is performed.

(2) In the processing apparatus 1 for the waste material 40 according to (1) above,
The waste material processing apparatus, wherein the sorter is a fan 26 arranged between the crusher 11 and the washer and configured to sort the paper material by wind power.

  According to the processing apparatus 1 configured as described above, it is possible to sort paper materials with a simple configuration. Further, since a sheet of vinyl chloride is often affixed to the gypsum board with paper interposed therebetween, the vinyl chloride sheet can be selected together with the paper by using the fan 26.

(3) In the processing apparatus 1 for the waste material 40 according to (1) above,
The conveying means is a belt conveyor (second conveyor 14),
The waste material processing apparatus, wherein the sorter is a sprayer 28 that is disposed between a feeding unit and a return unit of the belt conveyor and sprays water toward the return unit.

  By arranging the sprayer 28 as described above, the paper material attached to the belt conveyor can be washed away at the return portion.

(4) A method for treating waste 40 including waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material attached to its surface,
A crushing step for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material 40;
After the crushing step, a sorting step for sorting the paper material contained in the crushed material,
A washing step for washing the crushed material;
A drying step of drying the washed crushed material;
Have
In the cleaning step, the crushed material is transported by transport means (second conveyor 14) formed so as to be drainable, and the crushed material being transported is sprayed with water to perform cleaning. 40 processing methods.

  In the above-described treatment method, the waste material 40 to which salt is attached is crushed and used as fuel, but the salt is removed prior to crushing. If the waste wood is washed before crushing, the waste wood absorbs water along with the washing, leading to a reduction in crushing efficiency and an increase in transportation cost due to an increase in weight. In addition, washing and draining are performed simultaneously by spraying water onto a conveying means that can be drained by an opening such as a perforated belt, but waste wood mixed with waste gypsum board such as waste 40 is crushed. When washing, the paper material affixed to the surface of the waste gypsum board after washing may block the opening of the conveying means, and draining may be inefficient. Therefore, by providing a paper material sorting step after the crushing step and removing the paper material contained in the crushed material, it is possible to reduce drainage efficiently by reducing the blockage of the opening of the conveying means.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus 11 Crusher 13, 14, 15 Conveyor 22 Sprayer for washing | cleaning 24 Hot air dryer 26 Fan 28 Sprayer for clogging prevention 30 Magnetic separator 32 Temporary container 34 Container 40 Waste material

Claims (3)

A waste material treatment apparatus comprising waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material affixed to the surface,
A crusher for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material,
A washing machine for washing the crushed material by spraying water;
A dryer for drying the washed crushed material ;
A belt conveyor for conveying the pre-Symbol crushed, is configured such that the crushed material being transported is cleaned by the cleaning machines and draining can be formed with a plurality of openings through the front and back A belt conveyor ,
Means for blowing the air toward the crushed material between the pulverizer and the washing machine to sort the paper material from the crushed material, and the return portion between the feed portion and the return portion of the belt conveyor At least one of the sprayers spraying water toward
A waste material processing apparatus comprising: The waste material processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,
Processor waste material, characterized in Rukoto to have a both means and said sprayer sorting the paper materials. A waste wood treatment method comprising waste wood immersed in seawater or bathed in seawater, and waste gypsum board with paper material affixed to the surface,
A crushing step for obtaining a crushed material obtained by crushing the waste material ,
And a cleaning process for cleaning the previous Symbol crushed,
A drying step of drying the washed crushed material;
Have
In the cleaning step, the crushed material is transported by a belt conveyor having a plurality of openings penetrating the front and back and formed so as to be able to drain water, and cleaning is performed by spraying water on the crushed material being transported. And
Blowing air toward the crushed material between the crushing step and the washing step to sort the paper material from the crushed material, and the return portion between the feed portion and the return portion of the belt conveyor wherein removing the back portion the paper material adhered to the surface of the processing method of the waste, wherein at least one of the rows of Ukoto of by spraying water toward the.

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