JP5747864B2 - Heat storage system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat storage system using a temperature swing system that adjusts adsorption of an adsorbent by a change in temperature and a pressure swing system that controls adsorption of an adsorbent by a change in pressure.

  In the cold storage type refrigeration apparatus described in Patent Document 1, solar heat is stored in the adsorbent in order to use solar heat. Specifically, a refrigeration cycle with high heat storage efficiency has been established by adopting a regeneration method based on the TPSA method that effectively uses hot water of 60 ° C. or more during regeneration of the adsorbent. Further, at the time of adsorption of the adsorbent, cooling water prepared to suppress heat generation due to adsorption of the refrigerant vapor is supplied, and the refrigeration output is more efficiently adjusted by adjusting the flow rate.

JP-A-8-303901

  In the above-described regenerative refrigerating apparatus, by using both the temperature swing method and the pressure swing method, the regeneration temperature of the adsorbent is lowered and the operating temperature is increased, so that the efficiency (COP) can be increased. However, the temperature swing method can be performed using preheating, but the pressure swing method requires the use of a pump. Therefore, there is a problem that the efficiency (COP) of the regenerative refrigerating apparatus is reduced by the amount of operation of the pump.

  Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the above-mentioned problem, and it aims at providing the thermal storage system which can store heat efficiently.

  The present invention employs the following technical means in order to achieve the aforementioned object.

  In the present invention, the working fluid is supplied from the first pipe and is provided in the working pipe (13, 13A, 13B) for reducing the pressure of the working fluid and the second pipe on the upstream side of the reactor, and passes through the second pipe. First flow rate adjusting means (11) for adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid, and second flow rate adjusting means (2) for adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid that is provided in the second pipe downstream of the reactor and passes through the second pipe ( 12), and the operation means supplies a working fluid having a pressure lower than that before supply to the downstream side of the first pipe.

  According to the present invention, the flow rate adjusting means is provided on each of the upstream side and the downstream side of the reactor. Thereby, the amount of the working fluid flowing into the reactor can be adjusted. The operating means supplies the working fluid having a pressure lower than that before supply to the downstream side. Therefore, the pressure of the working fluid flowing into the reactor varies depending on which of the upstream side and the downstream side flows. The temperature of the fluid increases as the pressure increases. Therefore, the working fluid flowing into the reactor from the downstream side is high temperature, and the working fluid flowing from the upstream side is low temperature. Thereby, the heat storage amount of the heat storage material can be adjusted in the reactor. Therefore, the temperature of the temperature adjustment object can be adjusted. In this way, heat can be stored in the reactor without using a boosting means such as a pump, and the amount of heat stored can be used. Therefore, a heat storage system that can store heat efficiently can be realized.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each above-mentioned means is an example which shows a corresponding relationship with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

It is a block diagram showing heat storage system 10 of a 1st embodiment. It is a PV diagram of CaCl ₂ · NH ₃ . It is a PV diagram of Ca (OH) ₂ . It is a block diagram showing Rankine cycle system 10A of a 2nd embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the cogeneration system 10B of 3rd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In some embodiments, portions corresponding to the matters described in the preceding embodiments may be given the same reference numerals, or one letter may be added to the preceding reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions may be omitted. In addition, when a part of the configuration is described in each embodiment, the other parts of the configuration are the same as those of the embodiment described in advance. In addition to the combination of parts specifically described in each embodiment, the embodiments may be partially combined as long as the combination does not hinder the combination.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat storage system 10 includes a first valve 11, a second valve 12, a system element 13, a reactor 14, a heating object 15, a heat source 16, a reference pipe 17, and a detour. And a pipe 18.

  A supply means (not shown) for supplying the working fluid to the reference pipe 17 is provided at the upstream end of the reference pipe 17. The reference pipe 17 is a first pipe, and the supplied working fluid passes through the inside thereof. The system element 13 is an operating means and is provided in the reference pipe 17. The system element 13 is supplied with a working fluid from the reference pipe 17 and performs a predetermined action depending on the pressure of the working fluid. The predetermined action is, for example, rotating or moving the object by the pressure of the working fluid, or compressing the object to a high temperature. The system element 13 loses the pressure of the supplied working fluid due to a predetermined action due to the pressure of the working fluid (pressure loss ΔP), and the working fluid whose pressure is lower than that before the supply is supplied to the reference pipe 17. Supply downstream.

  The bypass pipe 18 is a second pipe, branches from the reference pipe 17 on the upstream side of the system element 13, and merges with the reference pipe 17 on the downstream side of the system element 13. A reactor 14 is provided in the bypass pipe 18. The bypass pipe 18 is provided with a first valve 11 and a second valve 12. The first valve 11 is provided upstream of the reactor 14 in the bypass pipe 18 and adjusts the flow rate of the working fluid that passes through the bypass pipe 18. The first valve 11 is a first flow rate adjusting means, and opens and closes a passage in the bypass pipe 18 in the present embodiment. Therefore, when the first valve 11 is opened, the working fluid is supplied to the reactor 14 from the upstream side.

  The second valve 12 is provided on the downstream side of the reactor 14 of the bypass pipe 18 and adjusts the flow rate of the working fluid passing through the bypass pipe 18. The second valve 12 is a second flow rate adjusting means, and opens and closes a passage in the bypass pipe 18 in the present embodiment. Therefore, when the second valve 12 is opened, the working fluid is supplied to the reactor 14 from the downstream side.

The reactor 14 has a heat storage material 19. The heat storage material 19 reacts with the working fluid supplied from the bypass pipe 18 and generates heat or absorbs heat according to the temperature of the working fluid. Various materials are used as the heat storage material 19 (also referred to as a heat storage material). For example, CaO—H ₂ O, CaO—CO ₂ , MgO—H ₂ O, MgO—CO ₂ , CaCl ₂ —H ₂ O, _{CaBr-H 2 O, CaCl 2} -NH 3, SrCl 2 -NH 3, SrBr-NH 3, zeolite _-H 2 O, activated carbon _-H 2 O, zeolite -NH _3, zeolite - alcohol, activated carbon - alcohols, And tertiary butyl alcohol-water.

CaCl ₂ · NH ₃ shown in FIG. 2 is used as the heat storage material 19. In FIG. 2, CaCl ₂ having a coordination number of 1 is used as a cold storage material. The reaction formula of CaCl ₂ · NH ₃ is shown in the following formula (1).

Reaction formula: CaCl ₂ + NH ₃ → CaCl ₂ · NH ₃ +69 kJ / mol (1)
As shown in the reaction formula (1) and FIG. 2, when CaCl ₂ reacts with NH ₃ , heat is generated, and the waveform of NH ₃ on the right side changes to the waveform of CaCl ₂ · NH ₃ on the left side. Therefore, since the temperature rises under the same pressure, the amount of heat can be stored. In both waveforms, the temperature increases as the pressure increases.

Ca (OH) ₂ shown in FIG. 3 is used as the heat storage material 19. The reaction formula of Ca (OH) ₂ is shown in the following formula (2).

Reaction formula: CaO + H ₂ O → Ca (OH) ₂ +108 kJ / mol (2)
As shown in the reaction formula (2) and FIG. 3, when CaO and H ₂ O react, heat is generated, and the waveform of the left side Ca (OH) ₂ changes from the waveform of the right side H ₂ O. Therefore, since the temperature rises under the same pressure, the amount of heat can be stored.

  The reactor 14 is configured to be able to exchange heat with the heating object 15. The reactor 14 is configured to be able to exchange heat with the heat source 16. The heat source 16 can heat the heat storage material 19 and is a heating means such as a heater. The heat source 16 is used to store the heat storage material 19 when the amount of heat of the heat storage material 19 is insufficient. The heating object 15 exchanges heat with the heat storage material 19 and is heated by the amount of heat of the heat storage material 19. When a large amount of heat is stored in the heat storage material 19, the heat object 15 can be heated by exchanging heat with the object 15. In addition, when the amount of heat of the heat storage material 19 is insufficient, heat can be stored in the heat storage material 19 by exchanging heat with the heat source 16.

  Next, the operation of the heat storage system 10 will be described. When operating the heat storage material 19, the first valve 11 on the high-pressure working fluid upstream of the system element 13 is opened to react with the heat storage material 19. When regenerating the heat storage material 19, the second valve 12 on the low-pressure working fluid downstream of the system element 13 is opened and reacted with the heat storage material 19. Thus, the heat storage material 19 can be regenerated at a high temperature during operation and at a low temperature during regeneration. As a result, a pressure swing can be performed without a pump, and a high COP can be expected.

  As described above, in the heat storage system 10 of the present embodiment, the valves 11 and 12 are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the reactor 14 respectively, so that the amount of working fluid flowing into the reactor 14 can be adjusted. . The system element 13 serving as the operating means loses the pressure of the supplied working fluid due to a predetermined action, and supplies the working fluid whose pressure is lower than before supply to the downstream side. Therefore, the pressure of the working fluid flowing into the reactor 14 varies depending on which of the upstream side and the downstream side flows. The temperature of the fluid increases as the pressure increases. Therefore, the working fluid flowing into the reactor 14 from the downstream side is high temperature, and the working fluid flowing from the upstream side is low temperature. Thereby, the heat storage amount of the heat storage material can be adjusted in the reactor 14. Therefore, the temperature of the temperature adjustment object, for example, the heating object 15 can be adjusted. Thus, in the heat storage system 10 of this embodiment, it is possible to use the amount of heat stored and stored in the reactor 14 without using a boosting means such as a pump. Therefore, the heat storage system 10 that can store heat efficiently can be realized.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The present embodiment is characterized in that, in the first embodiment described above, the system element 13 is the steam turbine 13A, the working fluid is water, and the heating target 15 is the steam turbine 13A. The reference pipe 17 forms a path through which the working fluid water circulates. Accordingly, the Rankine cycle is a closed cycle (closed cycle), and is a thermodynamic cycle in which water as a working fluid is isolated from the atmosphere and circulates.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the Rankine cycle system 10 </ b> A includes a boiler 21 that heats water as a working fluid to generate high-pressure steam, a steam turbine 13 </ b> A that is driven by the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler 21, A condenser 22 that cools the steam used for driving the turbine 13 </ b> A with cooling water and liquefies it, and a water pump 23 that pumps up the working fluid (that is, water) liquefied in the condenser 22 and supplies the working fluid to the boiler 21. It is comprised including.

  Next, the operation of the Rankine cycle system 10A will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, since the reactor 14 is connected before and after the steam turbine 13A by a bypass pipe 18 having valves 11 and 12, only the first valve 11 on the high-pressure side is opened during operation, Heat is removed from reactor 14 by reaction with steam. At the time of regeneration, only the second valve 12 on the low pressure side is opened, and the reactor 14 is regenerated by applying relatively small heat from the outside. Due to the operation of this pressure swing, the temperature during operation increases and the temperature during regeneration decreases. For this reason, COP = (heat generation during operation) / (heat input during regeneration) of the system is improved.

  Further, the heat stored in the reactor 14 is used to increase the temperature of the steam turbine 13A. Since the steam turbine 13A has a shortage of heat at the start of operation of the system, the temperature can be increased from the start of operation by using the amount of heat stored in the reactor 14.

  The configuration related to heat exchange between the reactor 14 and the steam turbine 13A is not particularly limited. For example, the reactor 14 and the steam turbine 13A may be in close contact with each other, or heat exchange may be performed using a heat medium or the like. May be.

  The timing at which the first valve 11 is opened and the steam turbine 13A is heated is preferably during system startup. This is because the temperature of the steam turbine 13A is insufficient. Moreover, the timing which heats the heat storage material 19 by opening the 2nd valve | bulb 12 is a steady time when the system becomes a steady operation and heat is surplus. This is because heat is left in the system.

  In the prior art, since the pressure swing is performed by operating the pump, the COP of the system is reduced by the amount of pump power. However, in this embodiment, the pressure is partially increased by the power of the water pump 23, but the power of the water pump 23 is sufficiently smaller than the power of the gas pump and can be ignored. The Rankine cycle system 10A of the present embodiment performs a pressure swing using only the pressure difference before and after the steam turbine 13A as a driving force, so that the system efficiency can be improved without reducing the efficiency of the pump power.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The present embodiment is characterized in that, in the first embodiment described above, the system element 13 is the vaporizer 13B, the working fluid is an ammonia fuel, and the heating target 15 is the reformer 31. Further, the reference pipe 17 forms a path of an open cycle (open cycle) in which the working fluid fuel does not circulate and opens to the atmosphere on the downstream side.

As shown in FIG. 5, the cogeneration system 10B includes an ammonia (NH ₃ ) tank 32, a vaporizer 13B that vaporizes ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 32, and vaporized fuel and air from the vaporizer 13B. A reformer 31 that mixes and reforms to generate fuel gas and an engine 33 that is driven by the fuel gas are included.

  Next, the operation of the cogeneration system 10B will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, since the reactor 14 is connected before and after the vaporizer 13B by a bypass pipe 18 having valves 11 and 12, only the first valve 11 on the high-pressure side is opened during operation. Heat is removed from reactor 14 by reaction with fuel. At the time of regeneration, only the second valve 12 on the low pressure side is opened, and the reactor 14 is regenerated by applying relatively small heat from the outside. Due to the operation of this pressure swing, the temperature during operation increases and the temperature during regeneration decreases. For this reason, the COP of the system is improved.

  The heat stored in the reactor 14 is used for increasing the temperature of the reformer 31. Since the reformer 31 has a shortage of heat at the start of operation of the system, the temperature can be increased from the start of operation by using the heat stored in the reactor 14. In addition to the reformer 31, the heating object 15 may be any one of the vaporizer 13B and the engine 33, or any one or more of the reformers 31 combined. In addition, since ammonia is flame retardant, the behavior during cold start becomes smoother due to heat storage.

(Other embodiments)
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  Moreover, the structure of each above-mentioned embodiment is an illustration to the last, Comprising: The scope of the present invention is not limited to the range of these description. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the description of the scope of claims, and further includes meanings equivalent to the description of the scope of claims and all modifications within the scope.

  Moreover, in each above-mentioned embodiment, although the heating target object 15 was only one, it is not restricted to one, You may use several temperature control target object. Moreover, it is not restricted to heating, You may use for temperature control, such as cooling and temperature maintenance.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the first valve 11 and the second valve 12 are only controlled for opening and closing, but the present invention is not limited to opening and closing, and the flow rate can be continuously controlled by adjusting the opening. Good. Thereby, the heat storage amount can be controlled with high accuracy.

  In the second embodiment described above, the working fluid is steam (water), and the heat storage material 19 is not particularly limited. However, the heat storage material 19 may be a material having an aqueous chemical heat storage action that reacts with water. . Thereby, heat can be efficiently stored in the reactor using the working fluid.

  In the second and third embodiments described above, the system element 13 is the steam turbine 13A or the vaporizer 13B. However, the system element 13 is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, an expander constituting a vapor compression heat pump cycle. Good.

  In the third embodiment described above, the working fluid is an ammonia-based fuel, but is not limited to an ammonia-based fuel, and may be an alcohol-based fuel. In the third embodiment, the vaporizer 13B is used as the system element 13. However, the vaporizer 13B is not limited to the vaporizer 13B, and the reformer 31 may be used.

  In the third embodiment described above, the working fluid is ammonia, and the heat storage material 19 is not particularly limited. However, the heat storage material 19 may be a material having an ammonia-based chemical heat storage action that reacts with ammonia. As a result, heat can be efficiently stored in the reactor 14 using the working fluid.

10 ... Thermal storage system 10A ... Rankine cycle system (thermal storage system)
10B ... Cogeneration system (heat storage system)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... 1st valve (1st flow volume adjustment means) 12 ... 2nd valve (2nd flow volume adjustment means)
13 ... System element (operating means) 13A ... Steam turbine (operating means)
13B ... Vaporizer (operating means) 14 ... Reactor 15 ... Heating object 16 ... Heat source 17 ... Standard piping (first piping)
18 ... Detour pipe (second pipe) 19 ... Heat storage material 21 ... Boiler 22 ... Condenser 23 ... Water pump 31 ... Reformer 32 ... Ammonia tank 33 ... Engine

Claims (6)

A first pipe (17) through which the working fluid passes;
An operating means (13, 13A, 13B) for reducing the pressure of the working fluid supplied with the working fluid from the first pipe;
A second pipe (18) branched from the first pipe upstream of the actuating means and joined to the first pipe downstream of the actuating means;
A reactor (14) having a heat storage material (19) that reacts with the working fluid supplied from the second pipe and generates or absorbs heat according to the temperature of the working fluid;
A temperature control object (15, 13A, 31) whose temperature is adjusted by heat exchange with the heat storage material of the reactor;
A first flow rate adjusting means (11) for adjusting a flow rate of the working fluid that is provided in the second pipe upstream of the reactor and passes through the second pipe;
And a second flow rate adjusting means (12) for adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid that is provided in the second piping on the downstream side of the reactor and passes through the second piping,
The said operation | movement means supplies the said working fluid in which the pressure fell compared with before supply to the downstream of the said 1st piping, The heat storage system characterized by the above-mentioned.   The heat storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first pipe forms a path through which the working fluid circulates. The working fluid is water;
The operating means is a steam turbine (13A),
The heat storage system according to claim 2, wherein the temperature adjustment object is the steam turbine.   2. The heat storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first pipe forms a path in which the working fluid does not circulate and the working fluid is opened to the atmosphere on the downstream side. The working fluid is an alcohol-based or ammonia-based fuel,
The operating means is at least one of a vaporizer (13B) and a reformer (31),
The heat storage system according to claim 4, wherein the temperature control object is at least one of the vaporizer, the reformer, and the engine (33). The heat storage material is CaO—H ₂ O, CaO—CO ₂ , MgO—H ₂ O, MgO—CO ₂ , CaCl ₂ —H ₂ O, CaBr—H ₂ O, CaCl ₂ —NH ₃ , SrCl ₂ —NH. ₃ , SrBr-NH ₃ , zeolite-H ₂ O, activated carbon-H ₂ O, zeolite-NH ₃ , zeolite-alcohol system, activated carbon-alcohol system, and tertiary butyl alcohol-water, The heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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