JP5690353B2 - 非水系二次電池 - Google Patents
非水系二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5690353B2 JP5690353B2 JP2012540595A JP2012540595A JP5690353B2 JP 5690353 B2 JP5690353 B2 JP 5690353B2 JP 2012540595 A JP2012540595 A JP 2012540595A JP 2012540595 A JP2012540595 A JP 2012540595A JP 5690353 B2 JP5690353 B2 JP 5690353B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- battery
- secondary battery
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
実施例1の非水系二次電池101は、正極107、負極108、および両電極の間に挿入されたH+伝導体109からなる電極群を有しており、容器102の内部に収容されている。
正極の充電反応:1/2H2O→1/2O2+H++e− ・・・(2)
なお、式(1)では、金属と水素のモル比が1となる反応を例示しているが、モル比は任意である。
M+(溶液) → M+(負極内部) ・・・(3b)
M+H++e−→MH ・・・(3c)
正極の充電反応:MAOx→AOx+M+(溶液)+e− ・・・(4)
放電時は、負極と正極において式(3a)、(3b)、(3c)、(4)の逆反応が進行する。この場合は、負極の充電時に水素イオンを消費するので(式(3c)の逆反応)、電解液中に存在している分だけが利用される。
MH + H2O → MOH + H2 ・・・(6)
負極108は、水素イオン(H+)から直接、水素化物を形成する材料(以下では負極活物質とする。)を用いる。負極活物質がシート状であれば、そのまま用いる。負極活物質が粉体、繊維状などの微細な構造になっていれば、それにバインダを添加して、シート状に成形した後に用いる。
以上の説明を踏まえ、図1の非水系二次電池の具体的構成と性能について実施した内容を説明する。
実施例2では、水隔離膜230を正極207に接するように設けて、非水環境下でH+伝導体209を用いた非水系二次電池201を製作した。
実施例3では、H+伝導性を有する水隔離膜330を用いた非水系二次電池301を製作した。水隔離膜330は、実施例1と2で用いたH+伝導体と水隔離膜の両方の機能を兼ね備えたものである。H+伝導性と水隔離の両方の機能をもつ膜330は、CsHSO4を多孔質セラミックシートに含浸させたものである。電池温度を150℃以上に加熱することによってH+伝導性が得られる。
実施例1の構成から水隔離膜130を省略した電池を比較例1として製作した。水隔離膜130の必要性を確認するためである。電極107、108などの他の構成物は同一仕様とし、空気の供給条件、充放電条件なども実施例1と同一とした。
図2の電池構成において、空気供給口223と空気排出口224および水隔離膜230を省略し、電池全体を密閉構造とした非水電解質電池を製作した。図4にその電池401の断面構造を示す。
Mg2++2e−→Mg ・・・(7b)
正極の充電反応:
MgMn2O4→2MnO2+Mg2++2e− ・・・(8)
H+導電体409は、ガラス繊維の不織布に、サリチル酸を電解質として溶解させた1−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶液を含浸させたものである。なお、サリチル酸の替わりに、トリフロロ酢酸、安息香酸などの他の有機酸を用いても良い。電解質が可溶となる溶媒であれば、アセトニトリル、ジメチルアセトアミドなどの他の非水溶媒に置き換えても良い。
実施例1の電池B1と同一仕様の角型電池を製作した。電池の定格容量は、2時間率放電条件にて1Ahであった。
実施例1の電池B6と同一仕様の正極607、負極608、H+導電体と水隔離膜を一体化した複合膜630を複数個、積層した直列セル(以下ではセルスタックと記す。)を組み立てた。そのセルスタックの断面構造を図6に、空気の流路を有する空気流路板631の構造を図7に示した。
Claims (10)
- 水素イオン(H+)と水素化物(H−)の間の酸化還元反応を担う負極と、H+イオンを輸送可能なイオン伝導体と、正極と、を有する非水系二次電池であって、
前記負極への水の接触を防いで前記負極を非水環境下に保持する非水処理手段を設けたことを特徴とする非水系二次電池。 - 前記正極は、酸素と水の間の酸化還元反応を担う構成を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記非水処理手段は、前記負極と前記正極との間に挿入されて水の透過を防ぎ、かつH + 又は水素(HまたはH 2 )を透過する水隔離膜を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記水隔離膜は、水素(H2)を吸収する機能を有する材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記負極は、金属イオンを放出し、
前記イオン伝導体は、前記負極から放出された前記金属イオンを前記正極側に輸送可能であり、
前記正極は、前記金属イオンの析出溶解または吸蔵放出の少なくとも一方の酸化還元反応を担う構成を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水系二次電池。 - 前記非水処理手段は、前記負極と前記正極を収納し、かつ水の透過を阻止する容器を有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記負極は、周期律表の1族、2族、4族、13族、14族の中から選択された少なくとも1種類の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記負極は、該負極の内部に周期律表の1族、2族の中から選択された少なくとも1種類の元素を含有し、かつ、前記負極の内部と表面との組成が異なる二層構造を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記正極には、炭素粒子に白金、イリジウム、ルテニウム、チタンあるいはこれらの合金の微粒子を担持させた粉末、もしくはマンガン酸化物が用いられていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池に、電気エネルギーを貯蔵し、かつその電気エネルギーを利用可能としたことを特徴とする電池システム。
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JP2001266960A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 空気電池 |
JP2002184474A (ja) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-28 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 空気電池 |
JP2004319324A (ja) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電気化学デバイス |
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JP2001266960A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-28 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 空気電池 |
JP2002184474A (ja) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-28 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 空気電池 |
JP2004319324A (ja) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電気化学デバイス |
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