JP5665743B2 - 触媒の連続的な製造方法 - Google Patents
触媒の連続的な製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5665743B2 JP5665743B2 JP2011524325A JP2011524325A JP5665743B2 JP 5665743 B2 JP5665743 B2 JP 5665743B2 JP 2011524325 A JP2011524325 A JP 2011524325A JP 2011524325 A JP2011524325 A JP 2011524325A JP 5665743 B2 JP5665743 B2 JP 5665743B2
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- metal
- catalyst
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- platinum group
- complex
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 cyclopentadienyl-carbonyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DTIGTFJLLYWKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnona-2,4-diene Chemical compound CCCCC=CC=C(C)C DTIGTFJLLYWKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005922 Phosphane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000064 phosphane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)C RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218213 Morus <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011865 Pt-based catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002845 Pt–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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Description
(a)白金族の金属を含有する触媒を、それぞれ合金化金属を含有する少なくとも1の熱分解可能な化合物と混合して合金前駆物質を得る工程、
(b)合金前駆物質を連続的に運転される炉中で加熱して合金を製造する工程
を有する、触媒を連続的に製造する方法によって解決される。
比較例1
炭素担持白金触媒を製造するために、まず市販のカーボンブラック担体(CABOT XC72)100gを、Ultra−Turrax(登録商標)分散装置を用いて水4l中に分散させる。この懸濁液に、H2O250ml中に溶解したPt(NO3)2 57.14gを添加した。その後、エタノール4250mlを混合物に添加し、該混合物を沸騰するまで加熱する。該懸濁液を還流で5時間煮沸し、60℃に冷却し、ペーパーフィルターを備えたブフナー漏斗により濾過分離し、かつ冷H2O 10lでNO3不含になるまで洗浄する。
担持白金触媒を製造するために、市販のカーボンブラック担体(CABOT XC72)75.8gを、Ultra−Turrax(登録商標)分散装置を用いて水3l中に分散させる。この溶液に、4%濃度の硝酸白金溶液1lを添加する。引き続きエタノール4.25lを添加し、かつ該混合物を還流下に5時間沸騰加熱する。得られた触媒分散液をヌッチェにより濾別し、かつ得られたフィルターケーキを残留湿分が22質量%になるまで空気中で乾燥させる。最後に、乾燥させたフィルターケーキを0.4mmの篩により粉砕する。
炭素担持白金触媒を、比較例2に記載されているように製造する。
Claims (18)
- 白金族の金属ならびに合金化金属として白金族または遷移金属の金属から選択される少なくとも1の第二の金属からなる合金を含有する触媒を連続的に製造する方法であって、以下の工程:
(a)白金族の金属を含有する触媒を、それぞれ合金化金属を含有する少なくとも1の熱分解可能な化合物と混合して合金前駆物質を得る工程、
(b)合金前駆物質を連続的に運転される炉中で加熱して合金を製造する工程
を有する方法において、前記の加熱を2つの温度段階で行い、その際、第一の温度段階の温度は、第二の温度段階の温度よりも低く、かつ第一の温度段階の温度が350〜480℃の範囲であり、かつ第二の温度段階の温度が550〜680℃の範囲であり、かつ
少なくとも1の熱分解可能な化合物が、有機金属化合物または金属錯体であることを特徴とする、触媒を連続的に製造する方法。 - 連続的に運転される炉が、回転管式炉またはベルト式か焼炉であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)における加熱を、還元雰囲気下で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 還元雰囲気が、水素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項3記載の方法。
- 還元雰囲気中の水素の割合が、30体積%より小さいことを特徴とする、請求項3または4記載の方法。
- 第二の温度段階の温度は、第一の温度段階の温度よりも少なくとも100℃高いことを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 連続的に運転される炉中での滞留時間が、30分〜10時間の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 白金族の金属を含有する触媒が、金属粉末として存在しているか、またはさらに担体を有していることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 担体が、炭素担体であることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の方法。
- 白金族の金属を含有する触媒が、水50質量%までの残留湿分を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 白金族の金属が、白金であることを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 合金化金属が、ルテニウム、コバルト、ニッケルおよびパラジウムからなる群から選択されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1の合金化金属が、リガンドとしてのオレフィン、芳香族化合物、2,4−ペンタンジオンとの金属錯体として、混合されたシクロペンタジエニル−カルボニル錯体として、または純粋な、もしくは混合されたカルボニル錯体、ホスファン錯体、シアノ錯体またはイソシアノ錯体として存在することを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1の合金化金属が、リガンドとしてのアセチルアセトネートまたは2,4−ペンタンジオンとの金属錯体として存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1の有機金属化合物、または少なくとも1の合金化金属を含有している少なくとも1の金属錯体が、粉末として、または溶剤中に溶解されて存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1から14までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(b)で合金を形成するために加熱した後に、不動態化を実施することを特徴とする、請求項1から15までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- オレフィンが、ジメチルオクタジエンであることを特徴とする、請求項13記載の方法。
- 芳香族化合物が、ピリジンであることを特徴とする、請求項13記載の方法。
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JP5829418B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-12-09 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 金属触媒の製造装置 |
US9272334B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2016-03-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Synthesis of platinum-alloy nanoparticles and supported catalysts including the same |
EP2687483A1 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2014-01-22 | Basf Se | Graphene containing nitrogen and optionally iron and/or cobalt |
US9543569B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-01-10 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Graphene-supported metal oxide monolith |
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