JP5636359B2 - ヒト化抗d因子抗体とその用途 - Google Patents
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Description
米国特許施行規則第1.53条第b項に従って出願されたこの非仮出願は、その内容の全体を出典明示によりここに援用する2008年4月28日出願の米国仮出願第61/048431号及び2008年4月29日出願の米国仮出願第61/048689号に対して米国特許法第119条第e項に基づく優先権を主張するものである。
補体系は、免疫複合体の排除及び感染病原体、外来性抗原、ウイルス感染細胞及び腫瘍細胞への免疫応答に中心的な役割を担っている。しかしながら、補体はまた病的炎症及び自己免疫疾患にも関与しているよって、補体カスケードの過剰な又は制御されない活性化の阻害は、かかる疾患及び症状の患者に対して臨床的恩恵をもたらしうる。
一態様では、本発明は、本発明の抗体、又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)に関し、かかる抗体のFab断片は、約0.05:1(0.05)から約10:1(10)、又は約0.09:1(0.09)から約8:1(8)、又は約0.1:1(0.1)から約6:1(6)、又は約0.15:1(0.15)から約5:1(5)、又は約0.19:1(0.19)から約4:1(4)、又は約0.2:1(0.2)から約3:1(3)、又は約0.3:1(0.3)から約2:1(2)、又は約0.4:1(0.4)から約1:1(1)、又は約0.5:1(0.5)から約1:2(0.5)、又は約0.6:1(0.6)から約1:3(0.33)、又は約0.7:1(0.7)から約1:4(0.25)、又は約0.8:1(0.8)から約1:5(0.2)又は約0.9:1(0.9)から約1:6(0.17)のD因子に対するFab断片のモル比でD因子の生物学的機能を阻害する。
I.定義
この出願を通して使用される用語は、当業者にとっての通常の典型的な意味と解釈されなければならない。しかしながら、次の用語には以下に記載される特定の定義が与えられることを本出願人は望む。
ループ カバット AbM Chothia 接触
− −− −− −− −−
L1 L24-L34 L24-L34 L24-L34 L30-L36
L2 L50-L56 L50-L56 L50-L56 L46-L55
L3 L89-L97 L89-L97 L89-L97 L89-L96
H1 H31-H35B H26-H35B H26-H32..34 H30-H35B
(カバット番号付け)
H1 H31-H35 H26-H35 H26-H32 H30-H35
(Chothia番号付け)
H2 H50-H65 H50-H58 H52-H56 H47-H58
H3 H95-H102 H95-H102 H95-H102 H93-H101
ここでの発明は、例えば、黄斑変性疾患、例えば乾燥及び湿潤(非滲出及び滲出)型を含む加齢黄斑変性(AMD)の全ての段階、脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)、ブドウ膜炎、糖尿病及び他の虚血関連網膜症、眼内炎、及び他の眼内血管新生疾患、例えば糖尿病性黄斑浮腫、病的近視、フォン・ヒッペル・リンドウ病、眼のヒストプラスマ症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症(CRVO)、角膜血管新生、及び網膜血管新生のような、眼の疾患(その病理が古典的及び第二経路、特に補体の第二経路を含む補体を含む全ての眼の症状及び疾患)を含む補体関連疾患の予防及び治療に有用な抗D因子抗体を含むD因子アンタゴニスト、及びその変異体、及びその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。補体関連眼疾患の一群は、非滲出(例えば中期乾燥AMD又は地図状萎縮(GA))及び滲出(例えば湿潤AMD(脈絡膜血管新生(CNV))AMDを含む加齢黄斑変性(AMD)、糖尿病性網膜症(DR)、眼内炎及びブドウ膜炎を含む。一例では、補体関連眼疾患は、中期乾燥AMDである。一例では、補体関連眼疾患は湿潤AMD(脈絡膜血管新生(CNV))である。
ここでの発明は、ヒト化抗D因子抗体とその断片の生産と使用を含む。抗体を産生するための例示的方法は次のセクションにおいてより詳細に記載する。
QVQLVQSGPELKKPGASVKVSCKAS(配列番号2のアミノ酸1−25)を含むFR1、
WVRQAPGQGLE(配列番号2のアミノ酸36−49)を含むFR2、
RFVFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKAEDTAVYYCER(配列番号2のアミノ酸67−98)を含むFR3、
RFVFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKAEDTAVYYCE(配列番号2のアミノ酸67−97)、
RFVFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKAEDTAVYYC(配列番号2のアミノ酸67−96)、
RFVFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKAEDTAVYYCS(配列番号3)、又は
RFVFSLDTSVSTAYLQISSLKAEDTAVYYCSR(配列番号4)
WGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号2のアミノ酸105−115)を含むFR4。
DIQVTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITC(配列番号1のアミノ酸1−23)を含むFR1、
WYQQKPGKVPKLLIS(配列番号1のアミノ酸35−49)を含むFR2、
GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDVATYYC(配列番号1のアミノ酸57−88)を含むFR4、
FGQGTKLEIK(配列番号1のアミノ酸98−107)を含むFR4、又は
FGQGTKVEIK(配列番号5)。
ここでの発明は、修飾された抗D因子抗体、例えば修飾されたヒト化抗D因子抗体、及びその変異体、及びその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)の生産及び使用を含む。修飾された抗体を生産するための例示的方法は次のセクションにより詳細に記載される。
この発明の抗体のヒトFcRnに対する結合性は、例えば、BiaCore3000機器を使用する表面プラズモン共鳴法によって研究することができる。ヒトFcRnはアミンカップリングキットを使用してセンサーチップにカップリングさせられる。例えば、CM5センサーチップは、5ml/分で7分の間、EDC/NHSで活性化させられうる。ヒトFcRnの100μg/mlを、活性化されたチップに対して10μl/分の流量で30秒から2分の間、注入することができ、100から200の最終結合反応単位(RU)が得られる。コンジュゲーション後、FcRnカップリングチップは、5μl/分で1Mのエタノールアミン塩酸塩を35μl注入することによってブロックされうる。
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、met、ala、val、leu、ile;
(2)中性の親水性:cys、ser、thr,asn,gln;
(3)酸性:asp、glu;
(4)塩基性:his、lys、arg;
(5)鎖配向に影響する残基:gly、pro;及び
(6)芳香族:trp、tyr、phe。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(b)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(c)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである;
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである。
(a)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(b)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(c)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである;
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(b)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(c)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである;
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである;
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がV’である
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)軽鎖の33位のアミノ酸がL又はIである;
(b)軽鎖の34位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;
(c)軽鎖の52位のアミノ酸がS又はAである;
(d)軽鎖の104位のアミノ酸がVである;
(e)重鎖の1位のアミノ酸がEである;
(f)重鎖の99位のアミノ酸がA又はQである;又は
(g)重鎖の100位のアミノ酸がA又はQである。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)(i)配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H1;
(ii)配列番号40から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H2;
(iii)配列番号41、配列番号42、配列番号43、配列番号44及び配列番号45から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H3;
(iv)配列番号30、配列番号31、配列番号32、配列番号33及び配列番号34から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L1;
(v)配列番号35、配列番号36及び配列番号37から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L2;及び
(vi)配列番号38から選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%又は99%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L3
から選択される少なくとも一、二、三、四、五又は六のHVRs;又は
(b)変異体HVRが配列番号39、40、41、42、43、44、45、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37又は38に記載の配列の少なくとも一残基の修飾を含む少なくとも一の変異体HVR
を含む修飾された抗D因子抗体を提供する。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
(a)(i)配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H1;
(ii)配列番号40から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H2;
(iii)配列番号41、配列番号42、配列番号43、配列番号44及び配列番号45から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−H3;
(iv)配列番号30、配列番号31、配列番号32、配列番号33及び配列番号34から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L1;
(v)配列番号35、配列番号36及び配列番号37から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L2;及び
(vi)配列番号38から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含むHVR−L3
から選択される少なくとも一、二、三、四、五又は六のHVRs;又は
(b)配列番号39、40、41、42、43、44、45、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37又は38に記載の配列の少なくとも一残基の修飾を含む少なくとも一の変異体HVR
を含む修飾された抗D因子抗体を提供する。
一例では、本発明は上記抗D因子抗体の断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を提供する。
ここでの発明は、抗D因子抗体において所望されるとしてここで同定された特性を有する抗体、及びその変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を含む。抗D因子抗体において所望されるとしてここで同定された特性を有する抗体、及びその変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)は、例えばインビトロ又はインビボでの阻害生物学的活性について、又は結合親和性を測定することによって、スクリーニングされうる。
抗D因子抗体、及びその変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)が対象の抗体(例えば、D因子活性をアンタゴナイズする抗体)が結合するヒトD因子上の同じエピトープに結合するかどうかを決定するために、交差遮断(cross-blocking)アッセイを実施することができる(Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Ed Harlow 及び David Lane (1988))。別法では、抗D因子抗体が対象のエピトープに結合するかどうかを決定するためにエピトープマッピングを実施することができる(Champe等, J. Biol. Chem., 270: 1388-1394 (1995))。例えばヒトD因子に対する抗体親和性は、実施例3に記載したものを含む標準的な方法を使用して決定することができる。
抗D因子抗体、又は変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)がD因子に結合することができ、生物学的効果、例えば、第二経路溶血の阻害性を奏するかどうかを決定するために、実施例2に記載のものを含むウサギRBCsを使用する溶血阻害アッセイを使用することができる。このような溶血阻害性は、標準的なアッセイを使用して決定することができる(Kostavasili等, J of Immunology, 158(4): 1763-72 (1997); Wiesmann等, Nature, 444(7116): 159-60 (2006))。そのようなアッセイにおける補体の活性化は、血清又は血漿を用いて開始することができる。血清又は血漿中のD因子の適切な濃度(Pascual等, Kidney International, 34: 529-536 (1998);Complement Facts Book, Bernard J. Morley及びMark J. Walport編, Academic Press (2000);Barnum等, J. Immunol. Methods, 67: 303-309 (1984))は、Pascual等, Kidney International, 34: 529-536 (1998) 及びBarnum等, J. Immunol. Methods, 67: 303-309 (1984)のような文献及び実施例4に記載されているものを含む当該分野で知られている方法に従って常套的に決定することができる。本発明は、一般に、D因子に関連する生物学的活性を阻害することができる抗体に関する。例えば、18μg/ml(血液中のヒトD因子のモル濃度の約1.5倍に等価;約1.5:1のD因子に対する抗D因子抗体のモル比)の濃度で、抗体による第二補体活性の有意な阻害を観察することができる(例えば、米国特許第6956107号を参照)。
宿主細胞の選択と形質転換
宿主細胞を、ここに記載した抗D因子抗体生産のための発現又はクローニングベクターで形質移入又は形質転換し、プロモーターを誘導し、形質転換体を選択し、又は所望の配列をコードする遺伝子を増幅するために適当に変性された常套的栄養培地で培養する。培養条件、例えば培地、温度、pH等々は、過度の実験をすることなく当業者が選ぶことができる。一般に、細胞培養の生産性を最大にするための原理、プロトコル、及び実用技術は、Mammalian Cell Biotechnology: a Practical Approach, M.Butler編 (IRL Press, 1991)及び上掲のSambrook等に見出すことができる。
本発明のポリペプチドを生産するために用いられる原核細胞は、当該分野で既知であり選択した宿主細胞の培養に好適な培地中で増殖させる。好適な培地の例としては必要な栄養素を添加したルリア・ブロス(LB)が挙げられる。ある実施態様では、発現ベクターを含む原核細胞の増殖を選択的に可能にするために、培地はまた発現ベクターの構成を基に選択した選択剤も含んでもよい。例えば、アンピシリン耐性遺伝子を発現する細胞の増殖のためには、アンピシリンを培地に加える。
市販培地、例えばハム(Ham)のF10(シグマ)、最小必須培地((MEM),(シグマ)、RPMI-1640(シグマ)、及びダルベッコの改良イーグル培地((DMEM),シグマ)が宿主細胞の培養に好適である。また、Ham等, Meth. Enz. 58:44 (1979), Barnes等, Anal. Biochem. 102:255 (1980), 米国特許第4767704号;同4657866号;同4560655号;同5122469号;同5712163号;又は同6048728号に記載された何れの培地も宿主細胞に対する培地として使用できる。これらの培地には何れもホルモン及び/又は他の増殖因子(例えばインシュリン、トランスフェリン、又は表皮増殖因子)、塩類(例えば、X-クロライド、ここで、Xはナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム;及びリン酸塩)、バッファー(例えばHEPES)、ヌクレオチド(例えばアデノシン及びチミジン)、抗生物質(例えば、GENTAMYCINTM薬)、微量元素(最終濃度がマイクロモル範囲で通常存在する無機化合物として定義される)及びグルコース又は等価なエネルギー源を必要に応じて補充することができる。任意の他の必要な補充物質もまた当業者に知られている適当な濃度で含むことができる。培養条件、例えば温度、pH等々は、発現のために選ばれた宿主細胞について過去に用いられているものであり、当業者には明らかであろう。
抗D因子抗体、又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)の形態は、培地又は宿主細胞の溶菌液から回収することができる。膜結合性であるならば、適切な洗浄液(例えばトリトン-X100)を用いて又は酵素的切断により膜から引き離すことができる。抗D因子抗体の発現に用いられる細胞は、凍結融解サイクル、超音波処理、機械的破壊、又は細胞溶解剤などの種々の物理的又は化学的手段によって破壊することができる。
ポリペプチド又は抗体、又はその抗体断片(例えば抗原結合断片)、又はその抗体変異体の治療用製剤は、当該分野で典型的に用いられる任意の「製薬上許容可能な」担体、賦形剤又は安定剤(その全てが「賦形剤」と称される)と、所望の精製度を有するポリペプチドを混合することにより、調製され保存される。例えば、バッファー剤、安定剤、保存料、等張剤。非イオン性界面活性剤、抗酸化剤及び他の種々の添加剤である。(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16版, A. Osol編 (1980)を参照)。このような添加剤は用いられる投薬量及び濃度でレシピエントに非毒性でなければならない。
本発明の他の実施態様は、本発明の抗体、又はその変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)によって標的とされる症状の治療、予防及び/又は診断に有用な物質を含む製造品である。例えば、本発明は補体関連疾患の治療、予防及び/又は診断に有用な物質を含む製造品に関する。該製造品は容器と該容器上の又は該容器に付随するラベル又はパッケージ挿入物を含む。好適な容器は、例えば、ビン、バイアル、シリンジ等々を含む。容器は、様々な材料、例えばガラス又はプラスチックから形成されうる。容器は、補体関連疾患を治療、予防及び/又は診断するのに有効な組成物を収容し、滅菌アクセスポートを有しうる(例えば、容器は皮下注射針が貫通可能なストッパーを有するバイアル又は静脈内投与溶液バッグでありうる)。組成物中の少なくとも一つの活性剤は本発明の抗D因子抗体、又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)である。ラベル又はパッケージ挿入物は、組成物が特定の症状の治療、予防及び/又は診断に有用であることを示している。
本発明のヒト化抗体、又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)又はその変異体は、例えば、特定の細胞、組織、又は血清中における対象の標的の発現を検出するための、診断アッセイに有用である。診断用途では、抗体、又はその抗体変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)が典型的には検出可能な部分で標識される。数多くの標識が利用可能である。蛍光の変化を定量するための技術は上述した。化学発光基質は化学反応によって電子的に励起されるようになり、ついで、(例えばケミルミノメーターを使用して)測定することができ、又は蛍光アクセプターにエネルギーを供与する光を発しうる。酵素的標識の例は、ルシフェラーゼ(例えば、ホタルルシフェラーゼ及び細菌ルシフェラーゼ;米国特許第4737456号)、ルシフェリン、2,3−ジヒドロフタラジンジオン類、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、ウレアーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、例えば西洋わさびペルオキシダーゼ(HRPO)、アルカリホスファターゼ、β−ガラクトシダーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、リゾチーム、サッカライドオキシダーゼ(例えば、グルコースオキシダーゼ、ガラクトースオキシダーゼ、及びグルコース−6−ホスフェートデヒドロゲナーゼ)、複素環式オキシダーゼ(例えばウリカーゼ及びキサンチンオキシダーゼ)、ラクトペルオキシダーゼ、マイクロペルオキシダーゼ等々を含む。抗体に酵素を結合させるための技術は、O'Sullivan等, Methods for the Preparation of Enzyme-Antibody Conjugates for Use in Enzyme Immunoassay, Methods in Enzym. (J. Langone及びH. Van Vunakis編), Academic press, New York, 73: 147-166 (1981)に記載されている。
本発明の抗体、又はその抗体変異体又はその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)は哺乳動物を治療するために使用することができると考えられる。一実施態様では、抗体、又はその抗体は、例えば前臨床データを得る目的で非ヒト哺乳動物に投与される。治療される非ヒト哺乳動物の例は、非ヒト霊長類、イヌ、ネコ、齧歯類及び前臨床試験が実施される他の哺乳動物を含む。このような哺乳動物は、抗体、又はその抗体で治療される疾患のための樹立された動物モデルであり得、又は対象の抗体の毒性を研究するために使用されうる。これらの実施態様の各々では、哺乳動物に対して投与量増加研究を実施することができる。
分析的特徴付けの目的のために又は製造及び生産中の均一性のような商業的に望ましい特性を有する修飾された抗D因子抗体、及びその変異体、及びその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を同定するために、部位特異的突然変異誘発アプローチを使用して、修飾されたヒト化抗D因子抗体、及びその変異体、及びその断片(例えば抗原結合断片)を生産した。最初に、ヒト化抗D因子Fabクローン#111由来の可変重鎖及び軽鎖ドメイン(それぞれ、配列番号2及び配列番号1)を発現プラスミド中にサブクローニングした。第二に、得られた発現プラスミドに単一変異をコードするオリゴヌクレオチドをアニールして部位特異的変異を導入した。
5’−TTTCCCTTTGATATCCAGGTGACCCAGTCTCCATCCT−3’(配列番号67)
5’−TTTCCCTTTGGTACCCTGGCCAAACGTGTACGGCAAAGAATC−3’(配列番号68)。
5’−TTTGGGTTTCGTACGCTCAGGTCCAGCTGGTGCAATCTGGG−3’(配列番号69)
5’−TTTGGGTTTGGGCCCTTGGTGGAGGCTGAGGAGACGGTGACCAGGGT−3’(配列番号70)。
2つのDNA断片のこのライゲーションは、ヒト化抗D因子Fab抗体変異体238(またここでは「238」とも称される;プラスミドはここでは「p238」と称される)に対するプラスミドを生じた。
5’−TTTGGGTTTCGTACGCTGAAGTCCAGCTGGTGCAATCTGGG−3’(配列番号71)
5’−TTTGGGTTTGGGCCCTTGGTGGAGGCTGAGGAGACGGTGACCAGGGT−3’(配列番号72)。
2つのDNA断片のこのライゲーションは、ヒト化抗D因子Fab抗体変異体238−1(またここでは「238−1」とも称される;プラスミドはここでは「p238−1」と称される)に対するプラスミドを生じ、これは、グルタミン酸(E)への1位の部位特異的変異を含んでいた。この変異は、ヒト化抗D因子Fab抗体変異体238−1中のグルタミン(Q)のピログルタミン酸への部分的転換を阻害することが見出された(Amphlett, G.等, Pharm. Biotechnol., 9:1-140 (1996))。
修飾された抗D因子Absの生物学的機能を、C1q-枯渇ヒト血清及びBiaCore分析を使用する溶血阻害アッセイを使用して決定した(以下の実施例3を参照)。溶血アッセイは次の通りに実施した。
固定化された修飾抗D因子Fab238(ここでは「238」と称される;実施例1を参照)に対するヒトD因子 (Advanced Research社)の結合の動態及び親和性定数をBiaCore3000及びBiaCore A100機器双方での表面プラズモン共鳴測定によって決定した。「BiaCore3000/BiaCore A100」の結果として列挙されている表2の値では、別個の実験を各機器で行い、別個の実験からのデータを分析して、動態定数を得、該動態定数を平均して、表2に示される値を得た。別法として、ヒトD因子の結合の動態及び親和性定数は、ヒトD因子を固定し、mAb又はFabの結合を測定することによって測定することができ、異なった再生条件(例えば4MのMgCl2を含む)を使用して測定することができ、及び/又は異なったバッファー(例えばPBSを含む)を使用して測定することができる。クローン#111のヒト化抗D因子完全長mAb型(ここでは「234」又は「抗D因子完全長mAb234」又は「ヒト化抗D因子完全長mAb234」と称される)もまた分析した。
mAb又はFabを製造者によって供給された標準的プロトコルを使用してアミンカップリングを介して固定した。カップリングの密度は、ヒトD因子の結合を飽和させる全シグナルが50〜150共鳴単位(RU)となるように注入mAb又はFab溶液の濃度又はpHを調整することにより、調節した。所望量のmAb又はFabのカップリング後、センサーチップ上の未反応の官能基を、エタノールアミンの注入によってブロックした。
500nMから0.98nMまで2倍の増分で濃度を変化させた一連のヒトD因子溶液の60μLのアリコートを注入することによって、結合実験を行った。全ての試料を、150mMのNaCl、0.01%のTween−20及び次のバッファー成分の一つからなる流れるバッファーで希釈した:(a)pH7.2(10mMのHEPES(4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸);(b)pH6.0(10mMのMES(2−[N−モルホリノ]エタンスルホン酸);又はpH5.0(10mMの酢酸ナトリウム)。流量は30μL/分で、解離を、試験したヒトD因子の各濃度に対して10分間モニターした。基準細胞(エタノールアミンブロック)に対する同じ溶液の注射に対して観察されたシグナル(センサーグラム)をセンサーグラムから減じた。センサーグラム間で、30μLの4MのMgCl2の注入により表面を再生し、固定化抗体に結合して残るヒトD因子の解離を生じさせた。センサーチップ表面上のみへのバッファーの注入に対して記録されたコントロールセンサーグラムを、ヒトD因子センサーグラムから減じた。これらのデータは、BIAevaliationソフトウェアv4.1を使用する1:1ラングミュア結合モデルに従って非線形回帰によって分析した。動態及び親和性定数は以下の表2に提供する。BiaCore技術は制限があり、速すぎる(つまり約10pMより小さいKD値)on−rateを精確に測定することができない(Safsten等, Anal. Biochem., 353: 181 (2006))。
抗D因子Fab 238を含む修飾された抗D因子Absの生物学的機能は、3種の血清濃度のD因子の存在下で、C1q-枯渇ヒト血清及びBiaCore分析(上の実施例2を参照)を使用する溶血阻害アッセイを使用して決定した。
(ウサギからの種間スケーリングに基づき、11.5日の抗D因子Fab238の半減期(t1/2)を仮定して)2.5mg用量の抗D因子Fab238の単一の硝子体内(IVT)注射を使用するヒトの眼内の第二経路(AP)補体活性化の阻害のシミュレートされた期間を、測定した(実施例13)。シミュレートされたデータは、ニュージーランド白ウサギにおけるFab238の単一硝子体内のPK研究からのスケーリングに基づいている。
硝子体濃度=(用量/V1)*exp([−ln(2)/t1/2]*時間)
網膜組織濃度=(用量/V1)*exp([−ln(2)/t1/2]*時間)*(網膜分配係数)
IC90=38×10−9モル/L
Fab238のMW=50000グラム/モル
IC90(ug/mL)=(38×10−9モル/L)×(50×103グラム/モル)=1.9×10−9グラム/L、又は1.9ug/mL
Claims (34)
- (a)アミノ酸配列ITSTDIDDDMN(配列番号30)を含む軽鎖超可変領域(HVR)−1と、アミノ酸配列GGNTLRP(配列番号35)を含む軽鎖HVR−2と、アミノ酸配列LQSDSLPYT(配列番号38)を含む軽鎖HVR−3とを含む軽鎖可変ドメイン、及び、(b)アミノ酸配列GYTFTNYGMN(配列番号39)を含む重鎖HVR−1と、アミノ酸配列WINTYTGETTYADDFKG(配列番号40)を含む重鎖HVR−2と、アミノ酸配列EGGVNN(配列番号41)を含む重鎖HVR−3とを含む重鎖可変ドメイン、
を含み、重鎖可変ドメインの1位のアミノ酸Eを更に含む、抗D因子抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。 - 軽鎖可変ドメインの軽鎖フレームワーク領域4(FR4)の7位にアミノ酸Vを含む請求項1に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 重鎖可変ドメインが配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 軽鎖可変ドメインが配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 重鎖可変ドメインが配列番号19のアミノ酸配列を含み、軽鎖可変ドメインが配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 配列番号63のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 配列番号61のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- (i)配列番号63のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖、及び、(ii)配列番号61のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖を含む請求項1又は2に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 抗体又は断片がヒト化されている請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- D因子が哺乳動物D因子である請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 哺乳動物D因子がヒトD因子である請求項10に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 抗体がモノクローナル抗体である請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 断片が、Fab、Fab’−SH、Fv、scFv、又は(Fab’)2断片であり、抗原結合性断片である、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
- 請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項14に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター。
- 請求項15に記載のベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が真核細胞である請求項16に記載の宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞がCHO細胞である請求項16に記載の宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が原核細胞である請求項16に記載の宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が細菌である請求項16に記載の宿主細胞。
- 抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片を作製する方法であって、(a)請求項16から20の何れか一項に記載の宿主細胞を、該抗体又は断片をコードするポリヌクレオチドの発現に適した条件下で培養し、(b)抗体又は断片を単離することを含む方法。
- 請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体もしくはその抗原結合性断片と、薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤、担体又は賦形剤を含有する薬学的製剤。
- (a)請求項22に記載の薬学的製剤;
(b)容器;及び
(c)抗体、断片又はポリペプチドを補体関連疾患の治療のために使用できることを示すパッケージ挿入物又はラベル
を含んでなる製造品。 - 請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体もしくはその抗原結合性断片と補体関連疾患を治療するために上記抗体、断片又はポリペプチドを投与するための指示書を含むキット。
- 補体関連疾患が眼疾患である請求項24に記載のキット。
- 眼疾患が加齢黄斑変性、糖尿病性網膜症、脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)、ブドウ膜炎、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫、病的近視、フォン・ヒッペル・リンドウ病、眼のヒストプラスマ症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症(CRVO)、角膜血管新生、又は網膜新生血管である請求項25に記載のキット。
- 加齢黄斑変性が中期乾燥AMD又は地図状萎縮である請求項26に記載のキット。
- 請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載の抗D因子抗体もしくはその抗原結合性断片を含む、補体関連疾患を治療するための医薬。
- 補体関連疾患が自己免疫疾患である請求項28に記載の医薬。
- 自己免疫疾患が、全身性エリテマトーデス、重症筋無力症、関節リウマチ、アルツハイマー病又は多発性硬化症である請求項29に記載の医薬。
- 補体関連疾患が眼疾患である請求項28に記載の医薬。
- 眼疾患が、加齢黄斑変性、糖尿病性網膜症、脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)、ブドウ膜炎、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫、病的近視、フォン・ヒッペル・リンドウ病、眼のヒストプラスマ症、網膜中心静脈閉塞症(CRVO)、角膜血管新生、又は網膜新生血管である請求項31に記載の医薬。
- 加齢黄斑変性が、中期乾燥AMD又は地図状萎縮である請求項32に記載の医薬。
- (a)(i)請求項1、3及び5の何れか一項に記載の重鎖可変ドメインと、(ii)請求項1、4及び5の何れか一項に記載の軽鎖可変ドメインを含む抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片を発現する細胞を培養し;
(b)上記培養された細胞から抗体又は断片を単離する
方法によって作製される抗D因子抗体又はその抗原結合性断片。
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