JP5603855B2 - 神経変成疾患の放射性薬剤による画像化 - Google Patents
神経変成疾患の放射性薬剤による画像化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
さらなる神経変性の病因は、脳内の微小血管性、すなわち、かん流、欠損の要素を含む病理の混合でありえる。一般に「混合型認知症」と呼ばれて、この種の神経変性はしばしばアミロイド斑病理と共にかん流欠損の両者を含む。用語混合認知症には種々の異なる意味が関連付けられてきた。混合認知症の1つの定義は、AD及び甲状腺機能低下症、或いはビタミンB−12欠乏のような他の病理との組み合わせを包含する。しかしながら、混合認知症は最も一般には、AD及び血管性認知症(VaD)との共存を意味する。ADとVaDの組み合わせは、脳にとってどちらか単独より大きな影響を及ぼすかもしれないので、混合認知症は臨床的に重要である。混合認知症は、症状がAD或いはVaDの症状或いは2つの組み合わせに一般に似ているが、診断することが慣例上困難である。
ADにおけるAβ斑の存在及びPDとDLBにおけるドーパミン作動性ニューロン死の持つ中心的な役割のために、係る異常部位に結合し、画像化を可能にする、放射性同位体で標識したリガンドの開発することに、幅広い興味があった。いくつかの放射性同位体で標識したAβ−凝集体に特定なリガンドが、陽電子放射断層撮影(PET)或いは単一光子放射コンピューター断層撮影(SPECT)を使用する、生体のアミロイド斑の画像化用に報告されている。これらのリガンドは、脳内の黒質線条体ニューロン及びD2/D3受容体を主な標的とする。係る放射性同位体標識Aβ−凝集体特定のリガンドは、他にある多くのものの中で、[(99m)Tc]TRODAT−1及び[(123)I]IBZMを含む。さらに、数種の放射性薬剤が局所脳かん流のPET或いはSPECT画像化用に使用されてきた。 15 O−標識水(H 2 15 O)及び 13 N−アンモニア( 13 NH 3 )のようなPET放射性薬剤がかん流画像化用に使用されてきた。Tc−99mHMPAO(ヘキサメチルプロピレンアミンオキシム)及びTc−99m Biscisate(ビシセート)のようなSPECT放射性薬剤も大脳のかん流試薬として使用される。
二重同位体画像化技術は、甲状腺上の腺腫の存在を検出する上皮小体研究を含む試験、並びに、かん流及び心筋組織生存率に関する心筋の画像化研究で使用された。さらに、脳では、 18 F−FDG及び 99 mTc−HMPAO SPECT同時画像化技術は、海馬、大脳基底核、及び上側頭回のような、不安及びうつ病神経構造の選択されたエリアを画像するのに利用された。黒質線条体ニューロン及びD2/D3受容体を画像化するのに[ 99 mTc]TRODAT−1及び[ 123 I]IBZMを用いた2重SPECTを画像化技術を使用する研究もなされている。
【先行技術文献】
【特許文献】
【特許文献2】 米国特許出願第2008/0038195号
【特許文献3】 米国特許出願第2003/0236391号
【特許文献4】 米国特許出願第2005/0043523号
【特許文献5】 米国特許第6,696,039号
【特許文献6】 米国特許第6,946,116号
【特許文献7】 米国特許第7,250,525号
【特許文献8】 米国特許出願第2006/0269473号
【特許文献9】 米国特許出願第2006/0269474号
【特許文献10】 米国特許出願第2005/0271584号
【特許文献11】 米国特許出願第2007/0031328号
【特許文献12】 米国特許第3,904,530号
【特許文献13】 米国特許出願第2003/0013950号
【特許文献14】 米国特許第6,770,259号
【特許文献15】 国際公開第WO2006/014381号
【特許文献16】 国際公開第WO2007/047204号
【特許文献17】 国際公開第WO2007/086800号
【特許文献18】 国際公開第WO2006/057323号
【特許文献19】 欧州特許公開第EP181572号
【特許文献20】 国際公開第WO2005/016888号
【特許文献21】 欧州特許公開第EP1655287号
【特許文献22】 国際公開第WO2006/078384号
【特許文献23】 国際公開第WO2006/066104号
【特許文献24】 国際公開第WO2007/126733号
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「投与すること」は、例えば放射性薬剤のような診断用薬に関連してここに使用する場合、標的標組織中或いは上に直接投与すること、或いは、患者に診断用薬を全身的に投与することを意味し、それによって、診断薬を使用して標的とする組織或いは、該組織に関連する病理を画像化するために使用される。組成物を「投与すること」は、注射、点滴、或いは、これらを他の既知の技術と組み合わせで実施してよい。係る組み合わせ技術は、加熱、放射線及び超音波を含む(これに限定されるものでないが)。
Aβ特異の放射性薬剤と併用画像化するための本発明の実施形態において有用な黒質線条体画像化放射性薬剤は、例えばD2/D3受容体画像化化合物或いは、DAT或いはVMAT2画像化放射性薬剤でありえる。これらのタイプの放射性薬剤は前記されており、当業者に周知である。特定例は、[123I]−IBZM,[99mTc]TRODAT−1;123I−FP−CIT,123I−β−CITのようなコカインのヨード誘導体;Kung et al.,Semin.Nucl.Med.2003,33(1),2−13,Kung et al.Nucl.Med.Biol.2007,34,239−246,and Kilbourn et al.,Nucl.Med.Biol.2007,34,233−237記載の11C−dihydrotetrabenazine及び18F−fluoropropyl dihydrotetrabenazineのようなテトラベナジンの放射性薬剤誘導体を含み(これに限定されるものでないが)、その各々は参照によってその全体をここに組み入れる
本発明の様々な実施形態の放射性薬剤は、PETまたはSPECTのカメラで画像化可能などんな放射性同位体で標識してもよい。例えば、様々な実施形態の放射性薬剤は、76Br、123I、125I、131I、99mTc、11C、18F、或いは他のガンマまたはポジトロンを放射する放射性核種を含む(これに限定されるものでないが)放射性同位体で放射性標識できる。
ここに開示した発明がより効率よく理解されるように次の実施例を提供する。次の実施例は、説明の目的だけのためにあり、如何なる方法でも本発明を限定するものとして解釈すべきではしない。
データは、2重放射性薬剤を使用して、β−アミロイド斑及び黒質線条体のドーパミン作動性の変性の放射性薬剤による画像化から作成された。使用した放射性薬剤は、β−アミロイド斑を標的とする18F−AV−45と、黒質線条体ニューロンを標的とする18F−AV−133とを含んでいた。前記放射性薬剤は、パーキンソン病(PD)或いはアルツハイマー病(AD)と臨床的に診断された被験者に、静脈注射によって投与された。
Claims (9)
- 脳内神経組織を画像化する方法であって、
第1病態或いは病理経過に関連するβ−アミロイド斑の存在或いは欠如を検出するために、18F−AV−45で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
第2病態或いは病理経過に関連するドーパミン作動性の黒質線条体ニューロンを検出するために、18F−AV−133で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
前記第1病態或いは病理経過及び前記第2病態或いは病理経過を検出するために、画像を出力する工程と
を有し、
前記 18 F−AV−45で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程及び前記 18 F−AV−133で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程は、並行して又は順次実行されるものである、方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記第1病態および前記第2病態は、独立して、認知症、認知障害、アルツハイマー病(AD)、パーキンソン病(PD)、レビー小体型認知症(DLB)、血管性認知症(VaD)及びそれの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるものである、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記画像化する工程は、陽電子放射断層撮影(PET)画像化、単一光子放射コンピューター断層撮影(SPECT)画像化、並行コンピューター断層撮影画像化付きPET(PET/CT)、並行核磁気共鳴画像化付きPET(PET/MRI)、並行CT画像化付きSPECT(SPECT/CT)、或いはそれらの組み合わせを有するものである、方法。
- 脳内神経組織を画像化する方法であって、
β−アミロイド斑の存在或いは欠如を検出するために、18F−AV−45で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
代謝活性の存在或いは欠如を検出するために、18FDGによって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
第1病態或いは病理経過及び第2病態或いは病理経過を検出するために、画像を出力する工程と
を有し、
前記 18 F−AV−45で標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程及び前記 18 FDGによって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程は、並行して又は順次実行されるものである、方法。 - 請求項4記載の方法において、前記画像化する工程は、前記患者の脳の脳皮質領域を画像化する工程であって、これによりβ−アミロイド斑の存在或いは欠如を検出するものである、前記画像化する工程を有するものである、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法において、この方法は、認知症、認知障害、アルツハイマー病(AD)、パーキンソン病(PD)、レビー小体型認知症(DLB)、血管性認知症(VaD)及びそれの組み合わせからなる群から選択される病態を検出するものである、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法において、前記画像化する工程は、陽電子放射断層撮影(PET)画像化、単一光子放射コンピューター断層撮影(SPECT)画像化、並行コンピューター断層撮影画像化付きPET(PET/CT)、並行核磁気共鳴画像化付きPET(PET/MRI)、並行CT画像化付きSPECT(SPECT/CT)、或いはそれらの組み合わせを有するものである、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法であって、この方法は、さらに、
画像の画像強度を、前記患者の脳の小脳に正規化する工程を有するものである、方法。 - 脳内神経組織を画像化する方法であって、
ドーパミン作動性の黒質線条体ニューロンを検出するために、18F−AV−133によって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
代謝活性の存在或いは欠如を検出するために、18FDGによって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程と、
第1病態或いは病理経過及び第2病態或いは病理経過を検出するために、画像を出力する工程と
を有し、
前記 18 F−AV−133によって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程及び前記 18 FDGによって標識された脳内神経組織を画像化する工程は、並行して又は順次実行されるものである、方法。
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