JP5590159B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、その製造方法、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、その製造方法、該負極材を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5590159B2 JP5590159B2 JP2013000656A JP2013000656A JP5590159B2 JP 5590159 B2 JP5590159 B2 JP 5590159B2 JP 2013000656 A JP2013000656 A JP 2013000656A JP 2013000656 A JP2013000656 A JP 2013000656A JP 5590159 B2 JP5590159 B2 JP 5590159B2
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- lithium ion
- negative electrode
- ion secondary
- carbon
- secondary battery
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
石炭系コールタールを、オートクレーブを用いて400℃で熱処理し、生コークスを得た。この生コークスを粉砕した後、1200℃の不活性雰囲気中でカ焼を行い、コークス塊を得た。このコークス塊を分級機付きの衝撃粉砕機を用いて粉砕後、300メッシュの篩にて粗粉を除去して炭素粒子として実験に供した。
各実施例の負極材試料90重量%に対し、N−メチル−2ピロリドンに溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を固形分で10重量%となるよう加えて混練してペースト状の負極材スラリーを作製した。このスラリーを厚さ40μmの電解銅箔に厚さ200μmのマスクを用い直径9.5mmとなるよう塗布し、さらに、105℃で乾燥してN−メチル−2ピロリドンを除去し、試料電極(負極)を作製した。
上記と同様の方法で作製したコイン電池を0.2mA/cm2の定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、30分の休止時間後に、0.2mA/cm2の定電流で1V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで放電するサイクルを3回繰り返し、低電流での電極体積当りの充放電容量を測定した。次いで、4サイクル目に、2mA/cm2の定電流で0V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで充電し、30分の休止時間後に、2mA/cm2の定電流で1V(Vvs.Li/Li+)まで放電し、大電流での電極体積当りの充放電容量を測定した。なお、電極体積当りの充放電容量(mAh/cm3)は、負極材重量当りの充放電容量(mAh/g)の測定値に電極密度(g/cm3)を乗じて算出した。入出力特性は、上記大電流(2mA/cm2)での電極体積当りの充放電容量を上記低電流(0.2mA/cm2)での電極体積当りの充放電容量で除した値により評価した。この値が大きいほど入出力特性に優れると判断することができる。結果を表1に示す。
各実施例の負極材試料87重量%に、導電補助材としてカーボンブラックを5重量%、N−メチル−2ピロリドンに溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を固形分で8重量%となるよう加えて混練し、ペースト状の負極材スラリーを作製した。このスラリーを厚さ40μmの電解銅箔に単位面積当りの塗布量が4.5mg/cm2となるように塗工機を用いて塗布した後、130℃で乾燥してN−メチル−2ピロリドンを除去し、さらに、ロールプレス機により合材密度が1.0g/cm3となるように圧縮成型し、試料電極(負極)を作製した。
実施例における炭素粒子の表面を炭素層で被覆せずにそのまま負極材試料として用いた以外は、実施例と同様に評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
実施例におけるポリビニルアルコールの溶解量を7.5g、1850gに変更して、炭素粒子の被覆を行った以外は、実施例と同様にして負極材試料及び評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。比較例2、3の負極材試料の表層炭素率は、それぞれ0.0005(比較例2)、0.12(比較例3)であった。
ストレートノボラック樹脂に、硬化剤としてヘキサミンを加え、180℃に加熱したホットプレート上で混合を行いながら硬化処理を行った。この硬化樹脂を200℃のオーブン中にて5時間加熱処理することにより、完全に硬化処理を終わらせた。続いて、この樹脂をハンマーで粗砕した後、分級機付きの衝撃粉砕機を用いて粉砕した。この粉砕樹脂を、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度20℃/時で1000℃まで昇温、続いて1000℃で1時間保持することによって炭素粉末を得た。
石炭系コールタールをオートクレーブを用いて400℃で熱処理し、生コークスを得た。この生コークスを粉砕した後、1200℃の不活性雰囲気中でカ焼を行い、コークス塊を得た。このコークス塊を分級機付きの衝撃粉砕機を用いて粉砕したものを黒鉛ケースに入れ、窒素雰囲気中、100℃/分で3000℃まで昇温した後、30分保持し、300メッシュの標準篩で篩分けし粗粉を除去することで黒鉛粒子を得た。
Claims (6)
- X線回折装置(XRD)測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔d002が3.44〜3.70Åである炭素粒子と、該炭素粒子の表面上に形成された炭素層とを備え、前記炭素粒子に対する前記炭素層の比率(重量比)が0.001〜0.1であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- 励起波長532nmのレーザーラマン分光測定により求めたプロファイルの中で、1360cm−1付近に現れるピークの強度をId、1580cm−1付近に現れるピークの強度をIgとし、その両ピークの強度比Id/IgをR値とした際、そのR値が、0.5以上1.5以下である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- 平均粒子径(50%D)が5μm以上30μm以下、真比重が1.80g/cm3以上2.20g/cm3以下、77Kでの窒素吸着測定より求めた比表面積が0.5m2/g以上25m2/g以下で、かつ、相対圧1までの吸着量が5cm 3 /g以上30cm 3 /g以下、273Kでの二酸化炭素吸着より求めた比表面積が0.2m2/g以上7.5m2/g以下で、かつ、相対圧0.03までの吸着量が0.2cm 3 /g以上5cm 3 /g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材。
- X線回折装置(XRD)測定より求められる炭素002面の面間隔d002が3.44〜3.70Åである炭素粒子を、熱処理により炭素質が残る有機化合物とこれを溶解する溶媒との混合溶液に混合する工程、前記溶媒を除去して前記有機化合物に被覆された炭素粒子を作製する工程、および前記有機化合物に被覆された炭素粒子を焼成し、該炭素粒子の表面上に、該炭素粒子に対する比率(重量比)が0.001〜0.1である炭素層を形成する工程、を含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材、又は、請求項4に記載の製造方法で作製されたリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材を用いてなるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極。
- 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極を用いてなるリチウムイオン二次電池。
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