JP5572691B2 - 水素化触媒としての規則化コバルト−アルミニウムおよび鉄−アルミニウム金属間化合物 - Google Patents
水素化触媒としての規則化コバルト−アルミニウムおよび鉄−アルミニウム金属間化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5572691B2 JP5572691B2 JP2012505107A JP2012505107A JP5572691B2 JP 5572691 B2 JP5572691 B2 JP 5572691B2 JP 2012505107 A JP2012505107 A JP 2012505107A JP 2012505107 A JP2012505107 A JP 2012505107A JP 5572691 B2 JP5572691 B2 JP 5572691B2
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- hydrogenation
- ordered
- intermetallic compound
- catalyst
- ordered intermetallic
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Images
Classifications
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
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Description
れらの触媒の活性および選択率を、従来のPd/Al2O3およびPd20Ag80合金触媒と比較している。J. Osswaldらによる学術論文(Journal of Catalysis 258 (2008), pp. 210-218およびpp. 219-227)においては、金属間化合物PdGaおよびPd3Ga7の研究に限定されるが、同様の結果を示している。
素化の別の例である。理解されるように、この反応のポリスチレンは、ポリエチレンの調製のために用いられるフィード中の過剰のエチレン下における選択的アセチレン水素化の、ポリエチレンに対応するものである。
こと、および実際の反応条件下で水素化物相が存在しないことは、選択率の高さに貢献していると考えられている(速度論的効果)。アセチレンの選択的水素化における反応条件下で、水素化物相が存在しないことは、即発ガンマ線放射化分析(Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis)(PGAA)を用いた実験により確認されている。この方法の更なる詳細は、本明細書の実験の項に記載する。
たはo−Co4Al13を調製するために好ましく用いられる。上記論文に記載の方法は、Czochralski法に限定されない。ブリッジマン法、フラックス成長法およびトップシード溶液成長(top seeded solution growth)(TSSG)法は、Czochralski法の代わりに同様に用いることができる。これは、これらすべての方法が、熱力学的に相違がないためである。結晶成長がAlに富んだ溶融物から出発するという事実は決定的である。P. GilleおよびB. Bauerによる上記論文の1164頁に示された相図のAlに富んだ部分から分かるように、上記方法により斜方晶Co4Al13または単斜晶Fe4Al13の大型単結晶を得ることができる。
わらず、例えば放電加工によって望ましい形態に至らせることができる。結果的に、CoAl、FeAl、Fe4Al13、o−Co4Al13、h−Co4Al13またはm−Co4Al13のインゴットは、例えば放電加工により、管型反応装置の管部分等のモノリスに形成することができる。これを図3にて説明する。この図は、管型反応装置10に入る反応混合物6と非反応性の材料からなる、注入管部2および排出管部4から構成される管型反応装置10を示す。例えば、管部2および4は、ステンレス鋼またはガラスからなってよい。管部分8は、例えば放電加工によってその管部分の形態に至った本発明の規則化金属間化合物からなる。管部分8内で、反応混合物6は、触媒、特に水素化触媒としての規則化金属間化合物の活性により、製品混合物9へと転化する。理解されるであろうことであるが、図3の垂直の矢印は、管部8内で転化され製品混合物9となる反応混合物6の流れの方向を示す。管型反応装置10において、管部分2、4および8は、位置5で例えばフランジによりもしくは接着により接続されてよい。管部分8は、規則化金属間化合物を含むまたは規則化金属間化合物からなるモノリスを表す。図4において、規則化金属間化合物のモノリスは、幾つかの穴22を備えたれんが様モノリス20である。図3と同様に、反応混合物6は、穴22を通って矢印の方法に流れ、れんが様モノリス20を形成する規則化金属間化合物の触媒作用により製品へと転化され、製品混合物9が得られる。上記より理解されるように、本発明で規則化金属間化合物がその形態で用いてよい「モノリス」とは、規則化金属間化合物からなる一体型のパーツを意味する。
CoAlの合成のために、Coホイル(Alfa Aesar 99.995%)およびAlロッド(ChemPur 99.999%)を、モル比1:1で混合し、不活性アルゴン雰囲気下、水冷の銅心を備えたアーク炉(35A)で溶融した。冷却後に形成されたインゴットは、同じ炉で3回再溶融させた。続いて試料分析の粉末X線回折により、CoAlの単相試料(CsCl−構造)を明らかにした。
の測定は、Netzsch STA 449 C DSC/TG装置で、30mgの試料を用い、加熱速度6K/分で、指示された雰囲気中で行った。その結果、空気中でのFe4Al13の酸化が750℃でのみで始まり、Co4Al13の酸化は600℃でのみ始まった。上記Netzsch STA 449 C DSC/TG装置を用い(試料質量:30mg;加熱速度:6K/分)、そして50% H2/Heを流し、連続的に質量分析計(Pfeiffer Omnistar)にての排ガス流を分析する、DTA/TG/MS(すなわち、示差熱分析、熱重量分析および質量分析の組合せ)により、以下の結果が得られた。双方の材料について、400℃まで重量増はなく、次いで600℃までには、わずかな重量増があり、600℃まで構成金属の減少はなかった。これらの材料の高い安定性については、BESSY(ベルリン、ドイツ)のビームラインU49/2−PGM1におけるin−situ高圧XPS実験により確認することができた。これらのXPS実験の設定の詳細について、H. Bluhm et al, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 14340を参照可能である。さらに、Fe4Al13およびCo4Al13について、以下の条件で即発ガンマ線放射化分析(PGAA)を行った:(473K、2ml/分 プロピン、10ml/分 エチレン、14ml/分 水素;試料と不活性BNとの混合なし。)Z. Revayらは、Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 80, No. 15, August 1, 2008において、PGAAにおける、より詳細な設定を示している。上記条件では、PGAAによる水素化物の形成は検出されなかった。
触媒の検討には、長さ300mm、内径7mmの、触媒床を支持する焼結ガラスフリットを備えた石英管からなる栓流反応器を用いて行った。温度制御のために、反応器の周りに巻いた加熱ワイヤの隣に熱電対を置いた。触媒床の温度を測定するために第2の熱電対を反応器内部に置いた。反応ガスを、Bronkhorstマスフローコントローラ(全フロー30ml/分)で混合した。Varian CP 4900 Microガスクロマトグラフ(GC)を用いて排ガスを分析した。このVarian MicroGCには、3つのモジュールが含まれており、それぞれに個別のカラム及び熱伝導度検出器が備えられている。フィードガスの水素およびヘリウムと、立ち上げ時の漏れにより、予想される酸素および窒素不純物とをmolsieveカラム上で分離した。アセチレン、エチレンおよびエタンを、アルミナカラム上で分離した。炭素数4の炭化水素の全濃度(1−ブテン、1,3−ブタジエン、n−ブタン、トランスおよびシス−2−ブテン)は、シロキサン(ジメチルポリシロキサン)カラムを用いて測定した。より炭素数の多い炭化水素も、シロキサンカラム上で分離されたが、多くの異なる炭素数6及び炭素数8の炭化水素が存在し、それらの全濃度は低いため(絶対的な製品流濃度の0.1%未満)、更なる定量を行わなかった。molsieveカラムおよび他のカラムのそれぞれについて、アルゴン(6.0)およびヘリウム(6.0)をキャリアーガスとして用いた。安定化、サンプリング、注入および分離を含む測定サイクルには4〜5分間を要した。
ン下、3回溶融することにより調製した。続いて、得られた金属の塊を、真空にした石英ガラスアンプルに封入し、800℃で6日間加熱した。加熱処理の後、この金属の塊を粉末化し、得られたPd−Ag合金の相純度をX線粉末回折により確認した。
過剰のエチレン存在下でのアセチレンの選択的水素化における、規則化Co−Al−IMCおよびFe−Al−IMC(実施例1におけるFe4Al13;実施例2におけるo−Co4Al13;実施例3におけるFeAlおよび実施例4におけるCoAl)の活性、選択率および長期安定性を、上記の項で概略を述べた条件下で測定し、Pd/Al2O3(比較例1)およびPd20Ag80合金(比較例2)の触媒性能と比較した。
チレンへの選択的水素化により例示されるように、本発明の規則化Fe−Al−IMCおよび規則化Co−Al−IMCは、従来の触媒と比較してよりずっと低い触媒コストで、選択的水素化において著しく高い選択率を示す。触媒コストが低いことから、より多くの量の触媒を用いることによって補うことができるため、転化率または活性度は大きな問題ではないが、Fe4Al13およびo−Co4Al13は、比較的高い選択率において、その1:1の対応物であるFeAlおよびCoAlよりも著しく活性が高いことが判明し、それ自体特に好ましい触媒である。
Claims (16)
- Fe4Al13、o−Co4Al13、h−Co4Al13、およびm−Co4Al13からなる群より選択される規則化金属間化合物を含む水素化触媒を用いる、少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物の水素化方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物の選択的な水素化方法である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物が、炭素−炭素二重および/または三重結合を有しており、他の水素化基を有しない、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物が、アルカジエン、シクロアルカジエン、アルキンおよびアリールからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物が、アルキンであり、該アルキンが、1つ〜4つの炭素−炭素三重結合を有している、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキンが、1つまたは2つの炭素−炭素三重結合を有している、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物が、エチンであり、該エチンは水素化によりエテンへと転化する、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記エチンが、過剰量のエテンと混合して存在する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記規則化金属間化合物が、Fe4Al13またはo−Co4Al13である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記規則化金属間化合物が、水素化における水素化触媒として
(i)微粉化された形態で、および/または
(ii)モノリスの形態で
用いられる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記規則化金属間化合物が微粉化された形態で不活性材料と混合して用いられる、請求項10記載の方法。
- o−Co4Al13、h−Co4Al13、m−Co4Al13、およびFe4Al13からなる群より選択される規則化金属間化合物を含む水素化触媒。
- 前記規則化金属間化合物がFe4Al13またはo−Co4Al13である、請求項12に記載の水素化触媒。
- 担持体およびその上に担持された少なくとも1種の規則化金属間化合物を含み、該金属間化合物は、o−Co4Al13、h−Co4Al13、m−Co4Al13、およびFe4Al13からなる群より選択される担持水素化触媒。
- 前記規則化金属間化合物がFe4Al13またはo−Co4Al13である、請求項14に記載の担持水素化触媒。
- 少なくとも1種の不飽和炭化水素化合物の水素化産物を製造する方法であって、Fe4A
l13、o−Co4Al13、h−Co4Al13、およびm−Co4Al13からなる群より選択
される規則化金属間化合物を含む水素化触媒を用いて、不飽和炭化水素化合物を水素化することを含む、方法。
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CN115463662B (zh) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-06-02 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种负载型金属间化合物催化剂的制备及其在木质素衍生酚类化合物加氢脱氧中的应用 |
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JPS59123539A (ja) | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-17 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | 選択的水素添加用触媒 |
US4507401A (en) | 1983-04-01 | 1985-03-26 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Intermetallic catalyst preparation |
JPH07126702A (ja) | 1993-09-29 | 1995-05-16 | Takeshi Masumoto | 準結晶Al合金超微粒子およびその集合物の製造方法 |
CN1163521C (zh) * | 2000-06-07 | 2004-08-25 | 华南理工大学 | 一种共轭二烯烃聚合物加氢方法及其应用 |
MY137042A (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2008-12-31 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Co | Hydrogenation palladium-silver catalyst and methods |
KR20050026044A (ko) | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-14 | 코넬 리서치 파운데이션 인코포레이티드 | 촉매 및 촉매계로서 사용하기 위한 금속간 화합물 |
EP1834939A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-19 | MPG Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Hydrogenation process using catalyst comprising ordered intermetallic compound |
DE102007025315A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysator zur selektiven Hydrierung acetylenischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
EP2039669A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-25 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Use of a mixture of an ordered intermetallic compound and an inert material as a catalyst and corresponding hydrogenation processes |
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WO2010118929A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2241393A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
CN102369074A (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
EP2419232B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
JP2012523441A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
US8822746B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
US20120029254A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2419232A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
SG175194A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
CN102369074B (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
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