JP5533340B2 - Spindle device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a spindle device such as a lathe, and more particularly to a spindle device that performs machining in a state where a bar work is inserted through a hollow portion formed in the spindle along the axial direction.

  In general, an opposing two-axis lathe is used for processing a bar work, which is a long workpiece, and is processed in a state where both ends of the bar work are gripped by two main shafts facing each other. In that case, in order to prevent the central part of the bar work from swinging around the rotation center, the outer periphery of the central part of the bar work is supported by a steadying device (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, there is a lathe that performs machining in a state in which a hollow portion along the axial direction is provided on the main shaft, and a portion other than the machining portion of the bar work is inserted into and grasped in the hollow portion. In this type of lathe, the part of the bar work located in the hollow part is supported by a cylindrical steady rest interposed between the inner periphery of the hollow part and the outer periphery of the bar work, thereby preventing the bar work from shaking. Like to do.

JP 2004-261935 A

  Conventionally, in a lathe in which the main shaft has a hollow portion, the appropriate position of the steady rest in the hollow portion varies depending on the length of the portion of the bar work located in the hollow portion. A conventional lathe spindle apparatus cannot arbitrarily change the position of the steady rest. Therefore, multiple types of steady rests with different lengths in the axial direction are prepared, and the appropriate length corresponding to the length of the part located in the hollow part of the bar work from among these multiple kinds of steady rests. I selected and replaced the steady rest. However, since the replacement of the steady rest is performed by manual setup change, the work efficiency is poor.

An object of the present invention is to prevent a steady state even if the length of the portion of the bar work located in the hollow portion is changed in the main spindle device that performs processing in a state where the bar work is inserted through the hollow portion along the axial direction formed in the main shaft. It is to make it unnecessary to change the tool.
Another object of the present invention is to prevent the axial movement of the steady rest during processing.
Still another object of the present invention is to facilitate the insertion and removal of the steady rest from the hollow portion of the main shaft.
Still another object of the present invention is to enable automatic insertion / removal of the steady rest to the hollow portion of the main shaft.
Still another object of the present invention is to inexpensively configure a loading / unloading device for loading / unloading the steady rest to / from the hollow portion of the main shaft.
Still another object of the present invention is to make it possible to support a long bar work more stably.

  The spindle device of the present invention includes a spindle and a chuck attached to the tip of the spindle and gripping a part of the bar work, and the spindle is more than the gripping portion of the bar work gripped by the chuck. It has a hollow part that can be inserted through the base end part of the main shaft. In this hollow part, the base end part of the main shaft slides in the axial direction relative to the gripped part of the bar work gripped by the chuck. A steady rest that is freely supported is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction.

  According to this configuration, when a part of the bar work is gripped and processed by the chuck, the part other than the processing part of the bar work is inserted into the hollow part of the main shaft. And the shaker of the bar work is prevented by slidably supporting the appropriate position in the axial direction of the bar work with the steady rest provided in the hollow portion. The steady rest is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, and can support an appropriate location corresponding to the length of the portion located in the hollow portion of the bar work. For this reason, even if the length of the bar work changes, it is not necessary to change the setting of the steady rest.

The steady rest includes an elastic member having radial elasticity on an outer peripheral surface, and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion of the main shaft in a pressing state via the elastic member.
If the steady rest is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow part of the main shaft via an elastic member, it can be moved in the axial direction of the steady rest by applying an external force. It is possible to prevent the stopper from moving in the axial direction. For this reason, the proper position in the axial direction of the bar work can always be supported by the steady rest. Moreover, if an elastic member is provided, propagation of vibration from the bar work to the main shaft and from the main shaft to the bar work can be suppressed, and the bar work can be supported stably.

The hollow portion of the main shaft may be open at the base end, and the steady rest may be inserted into and removed from the hollow portion through the opening.
If the steady rest is inserted into and removed from the base end of the hollow portion of the main shaft, interference between the other members around the main shaft and the steady rest can be avoided, and the rest can be easily inserted and removed.

You may provide the taking in / out apparatus which takes in the said steady rest in the said hollow part.
If a loading / unloading device is provided, it is possible to automate loading / unloading of the steady rest to the hollow portion, thereby improving processing efficiency.

Prior Symbol access device includes a penetration member which enters from the base end side in the hollow portion of the spindle, withdraw from the hollow portion to grip the bar workpiece by the bar workpiece chuck portion provided at the tip of the entrance member device In addition to the bar work chuck portion, the entrance member is provided with a steady rest chuck portion capable of gripping the steady rest, and the hollow portion is gripped by the steady rest chuck portion. The function to put in and out is given.
If the apparatus for taking in and out the bar work into and out of the hollow part in this way is used for the taking in and out apparatus for the steady rest, the number of newly used members can be reduced and the taking in and out apparatus can be configured at low cost.

A fixed steady rest that supports the bar work gripped by the chuck in a slidable manner in the axial direction may be provided at a position adjacent to the chuck in the hollow portion so as to be fixed in the axial direction.
If a fixed steady rest is provided, a long bar work can be stably supported by supporting the part located in the hollow part of a bar work in two places, a steady rest and a fixed steady rest.

  The spindle device of the present invention includes a spindle and a chuck attached to the tip of the spindle and gripping a part of the bar work, and the spindle is more than the gripping portion of the bar work gripped by the chuck. It has a hollow part that can be inserted through the base end part of the main shaft. In this hollow part, the base end part of the main shaft slides in the axial direction relative to the gripped part of the bar work gripped by the chuck. Since the steady rest that can be freely supported is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, the length of the portion of the bar work that is located in the hollow part when machining with the bar work inserted into the hollow part formed in the main shaft Even if the height changes, it is not necessary to replace the steady rest.

  The anti-rest device includes an elastic member having radial elasticity on the outer peripheral surface, and the anti-rest device at the time of processing is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion of the main shaft via the elastic member. Can be prevented from moving in the axial direction.

  When the proximal end of the hollow portion of the main shaft is opened and the anti-rest device can be inserted into and removed from the hollow portion through the opening, the anti-rest device can be easily inserted into and removed from the hollow portion of the main shaft.

Since a device for taking in and out the steady rest is provided in the hollow portion, the steady rest can be automatically taken in and out of the hollow portion of the main shaft.

The loading / unloading device has an entry member that can enter the hollow portion of the main shaft from the base end side, and is a device that grips the bar work by the bar work chuck portion provided at the distal end of the entry member and pulls it out from the hollow portion. In addition to the bar work chuck portion, the approach member is provided with a steady rest chuck portion capable of gripping the steady rest tool, and the steady rest tool is gripped by the steady rest chuck portion to form the hollow portion. Since the function of taking in and out is provided, the taking in and out apparatus can be configured at low cost.

When a fixed steady rest that supports the bar work gripped by the chuck in an axial direction is provided at a position adjacent to the chuck in the hollow portion so as to be fixed in the axial direction, the long bar work Can be supported more stably.
If a fixed steady rest is provided, a long bar work can be stably supported by supporting the part located in the hollow part of a bar work in two places, a steady rest and a fixed steady rest.

It is a top view of the opposing biaxial lathe provided with the spindle device concerning one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the same spindle apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the fixed steady rest of the spindle apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the movable steady rest of the spindle apparatus. It is a partially broken perspective view of the collet of the entry member of the spindle device. (A)-(E) are sectional drawings which show each state of the spindle device. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which pulls out a bar work from the main axis | shaft of the same spindle apparatus. (A), (B) is sectional drawing which shows the process which pulls out pushing a bar work into the main axis | shaft of the same spindle apparatus.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The spindle apparatus of this embodiment is applied to the opposed two-axis lathe shown in FIG. The opposed biaxial lathe 1 is a first and second main spindles 3A and 3B arranged on the bed 2 so as to face each other with their axes aligned, and a tool post arranged corresponding to each of the main spindles 3A and 3B. 1 and 2nd turrets 11A and 11B.

  Spindle chucks 4A and 4B that hold a workpiece are attached to the tips of the spindles 3A and 3B. When the spindles 3A and 3B are cylindrical having hollow portions 22 (FIG. 2) opened at both ends, and the workpiece is a long bar work W, the spindles 4A and 4B grip the bar work W. A portion on the proximal end side of each main shaft with respect to the location is inserted into the hollow portion 22 of each of the main shafts 3A and 3B. The hollow portion 22 of each of the main shafts 3A and 3B is provided with a steady stop mechanism 30 (FIG. 2) that prevents the portion inserted through the hollow portion 22 of the bar work W from shaking. The spindle devices 5A and 5B are configured by the spindles 3A and 3B, the spindle chucks 4A and 4B, and the steady rest mechanisms 30 and 30.

  The first and second spindle devices 5A and 5B are rotatably supported by the spindle heads 6A and 6B, respectively. The headstock 6A of the first spindle device 5A is fixedly installed on the bed 2. The first spindle 3A is rotationally driven via a belt by a spindle motor (not shown) installed on the bed 2. On the other hand, the headstock 6B of the second spindle device 5B is installed on a rail 7 provided on the bed 2 so as to be movable in the axial direction (Z-axis direction) of the spindles 3A and 3B. Movement of the headstock 6B in the Z-axis direction is performed by a Z-axis servo motor 9 via a feed screw 8. The second spindle 3B can be driven to rotate at any forward / backward position via a spline, a belt, or the like by another spindle motor (not shown) installed on the bed 2, or mounted on the spindle base 6B. It is rotationally driven by a spindle motor (not shown).

  The first and second turrets 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B have a polygonal drum shape on the side surface, and various tools T are mounted on a tool station composed of each peripheral surface portion. Further, apart from the tool T, a push bar B whose tip extends rightward along the Z-axis direction is attached to the tool station of the first turret 11A. The push rod B will be described later. The turrets 11A and 11B are installed in the index housings 13A and 13B on the feed bases 12A and 12B so as to be indexed and rotated via the turret shafts 14A and 14B.

  The feed base 12A of the first turret 11A is installed on the rail 15A of the bed 2 so as to be movable in a direction (X-axis direction) parallel to the upper surface of the bed 2 and perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. Via the X-axis servomotor 17A. The index housing 13A of the first turret 11A is installed on the rail 18 of the feed base 12A so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and is fed in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis servo motor 20 via the feed screw 19. It is done. Therefore, the position of the first turret 11A can be changed in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.

  The feed table 12B of the second turret 11B is also installed on the rail 15B of the bed 2 so as to be movable in a direction (X-axis direction) parallel to the upper surface of the bed 2 and perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. Via the X-axis servomotor 17B. The index housing 13B of the second turret 11B moves together with the feed base 12B. Therefore, the position of the second turret 11B can be changed only in the X-axis direction.

  Next, the internal structure of the first and second spindle devices 5A and 5B will be described by taking the second spindle device 5B as an example. The first spindle device 5A also has the same structure as the second spindle device 5B. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the second spindle device 5B. The second main shaft 3B has a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion 22 open at both ends, and is rotatably supported by the main shaft base 6B via a bearing 23.

  In this example, the spindle chuck 4B is a collet chuck. That is, the spindle chuck 4B has a collet 24 that is divided into a plurality of divided collet bodies 24a arranged on the tip side in the circumferential direction, and grips the workpiece W by the gripping surface 24aa that is the inner peripheral surface of each divided collet body 24a. Is. The split collet body 24a is urged in the direction in which the tip side expands due to its own elasticity, and an opening / closing operation member (not shown) that is slidably in contact with the tapered outer peripheral surface 24ab is axially moved. The collet body 24a is expanded or contracted to open or close the collet 24. Plural types of collets 24 having different movable ranges in the expansion / contraction direction of the gripping surface 24aa of the divided collet body 24a are prepared, and an appropriate one that matches the outer diameter of the bar work W is selected and used. To do. The collet 24 may be one in which the divided collet bodies 24a are completely separated and the base ends of the divided collet bodies 24 are bound by a binding means (not shown).

  The steady stop mechanism 30 includes a fixed steady rest 31 provided at the tip of the hollow portion 22 adjacent to the main spindle chuck 4B, a movable steady rest 32 provided at an arbitrary axial position of the hollow portion 22, The movable steady rest 32 is inserted into and removed from the hollow portion 22 and moved in and out of the hollow portion 22 in the axial direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the stationary steady rest 31 has a cylindrical shape having a work insertion hole 31 a penetrating in the axial direction in the center, and has an outer diameter dimension that fits into the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22. . Both end portions 31aa of the workpiece insertion hole 31a have a tapered shape that becomes larger in diameter as it approaches the end surface. Large-diameter portions 31b are formed in the vicinity of the distal end and the base end of the outer peripheral surface, and the large-diameter portions 31b are fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22. The distal end of the outer peripheral surface is a fitting portion 31c having a smaller diameter than the large diameter portion 31b, and the base end of the collet 24 is fitted to the outer periphery of the fitting portion 31c. As the fixed steady rest 31, a plurality of types having different inner diameters of the workpiece insertion holes 31 a are prepared, and those suitable for the outer diameter of the bar work W are selected and used.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the movable steady rest 32 has a cylindrical shape having a workpiece insertion hole 32 a penetrating in the axial direction at the center, and has an outer diameter dimension that fits into the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22. . Both end portions 32aa of the workpiece insertion hole 32a have a tapered shape with a larger diameter as it approaches the end surface. Large diameter portions 32b are formed at a plurality of axial positions on the outer peripheral surface, and the large diameter portions 32b are fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22. Precisely, the outer diameter of the large diameter portion 32 b is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow portion 22. An annular groove 32c that opens outward is formed in the large-diameter portion 32b, and an elastic member 32d made of an O-ring is fitted into the annular groove 32c. The O-ring that is the elastic member 32d has an outer diameter that is larger than the depth of the annular groove 32c in a natural state, and the elastic member 32d has a diameter when the movable steady rest 32 is incorporated in the hollow portion 22 of the main shaft 3B. Compressed in the direction. Therefore, the movable steady rest 32 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22 via the elastic member 32d.

  The loading / unloading device 33 is used for both pulling out the bar work W and loading / unloading the movable steady rest 32, and an entry member 34 capable of selectively gripping the bar work W and the movable steady rest 32, and the entry member 34. And an axial direction moving mechanism 37 that moves the shaft in the axial direction. The taking-in / out device 33 is also used for changing the axial position of the movable steady rest 32 already in the hollow portion 22 of the main shaft 4B.

  The entry member 34 is a collet chuck and has a collet 35 shown in a partially broken perspective view of FIG. The collet 35 is divided into a plurality of divided collet bodies 35a whose front end side is arranged in the circumferential direction, and a bar work chuck portion 35aa and a steady rest chuck portion 35ab are formed on the inner peripheral surface of each divided collet body 35a. ing. The split collet body 35a is urged in the direction in which the tip end is reduced in diameter by its own elasticity, and the open / close operation member 36 (FIG. 2) that slidably contacts the tapered inner peripheral surface 35ac is colleted. By moving in the axial direction relative to 35, each collet body 35 a is expanded and contracted to open and close the collet 35. Plural types of collets 35 having different movable ranges in the expansion / contraction direction of the bar work chuck portion 35aa of the divided collet body 35a are prepared, and an appropriate one that matches the outer diameter of the bar work W is selected. To use. Note that the collet 35 in FIG. 2 and the collet 35 in FIG. 5 are different types in which the outer diameter dimensions of the bar work W that are compatible with each other are different.

  The axial movement mechanism 37 includes a cylindrical member 37a attached to the entry member 34, an axial movement drive source 37b such as a servo motor that moves the cylindrical member 37a in the axial direction, and the like. In addition, this taking in / out apparatus 33 gives the function to put in and out the movable steady rest 32 to the existing bar work drawer apparatus. That is, the steady rest chuck portion 35ab is newly formed on the collet 35. Therefore, the axial movement mechanism 37 can be the same as that of the original bar work drawer device.

  In FIG. 1, on the right side of the opposed two-axis lathe 1, a work shelf 40 on which a processed work W taken out from the second main spindle 3 </ b> B is placed, and a movable steady rest rest on which a unused steady rest 32 is placed. A stand 41 is installed. The movable steady rest mounting base 41 is moved by a position conversion drive source 42 such as an air cylinder into a loading / unloading position P1 located on an extension line of the axis of each of the main shafts 3A and 3B and a standby position P2 deviating from the extension line. Position conversion is possible.

  The operation of the opposed two-axis lathe 1 will be described. When machining the bar work W, the bar work W is supplied from the left side of the first spindle device 5A. The supply of the bar work W may be manual or automatic. The supplied bar work W is inserted through a hollow portion (not shown) of the first main shaft 3A, and its tip is projected from the first main shaft 3A. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the bar work W is gripped by the spindle chucks 4A and 4B of the first and second spindle devices 5A and 5B, and is cut by the tool T of the first turret 11A or the second turret 11B. Processing. FIG. 1 shows a state where machining is performed with the tool T of the first turret 11A.

  FIG. 6 shows each bar work support state of the spindle device 5B during the above machining. FIG. 4A shows a state where the tip of the bar work W is gripped by the spindle chuck 4B. When the tip of the bar work W is slightly inserted into the hollow portion 22 of the second main shaft 3B, the tip of the bar work W is supported by the fixed steady rest 31 as shown in FIG. Further, when the tip of the bar work W is inserted into the hollow portion 22, a movable steady rest 32 is provided in the hollow portion 22 separately from the fixed steady rest 31 as shown in FIGS. The tip of the bar work W is supported by this movable steady rest 32. A plurality of movable steady rests 32 may be used as shown in FIG. 6B to 6E show a state in which the tip of the bar work W does not protrude from the fixed steady rest 31 or the movable steady rest 32, but the tip of the bar work W is fixed to the fixed steady rest 31 or movable. You may make it protrude from the steady rest 32. FIG. Since the position at which the tip of the bar work W comes to the hollow portion 22 of the second main shaft 3B is determined by processing, the movable steady rest 32 is arranged at a position corresponding to the processing before the start of processing. Keep it.

  The movable steady rest 32 is taken in and out of the hollow portion 22 and moved in the axial direction within the hollow portion 22 by a loading and unloading device 33. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, one end of the movable steady rest 32 is gripped by the steady rest chuck chuck 35 ab of the collet 35, and the entry member 34 including the collet 35 is moved in the axial direction by the axial movement mechanism 37. . When the movable steady rest 32 is not used, the movable steady rest 32 is placed on the movable steady rest 41 on the loading / unloading position P1 so as not to obstruct the loading / unloading of the bar work W. The position of the table 41 is converted to the standby position P2 by the position conversion drive source 42.

  The processed bar work W is pulled out from the hollow portion 22 of the second main shaft 3B to the right side by the loading / unloading device 33 and placed on the work shelf 40. As shown in FIG. 7, the bar work W is drawn out by opening the spindle chuck 4 </ b> B to release the bar work W and holding one end of the bar work W by the bar work chuck portion 35 aa of the collet 35. The entry member 34 is moved in the axial direction by the axial movement mechanism 37 (FIG. 2).

  The tip of the bar work W is inside the fixed steady rest 31 or the movable steady rest 32, or the protruding length from the fixed steady rest 31 or the movable steady rest 32 is short, and the bar work chuck portion of the collet 35 If it cannot be gripped by 35aa, the other end of the bar work W is pushed rightward with the push rod B mounted on the first turret 11A as shown in FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8B, the tip of the bar work W can be taken out from the fixed steady rest 31 or the movable steady rest 32 by a sufficient length and can be gripped by the bar work chuck portion 35aa of the collet 35. Put it in a state.

  As described above, when processing is performed by inserting the portion of the bar work W excluding the machining portion into the hollow portion 22 of the main shaft 3B, the bar work W is fixed by the fixed steady rest 31 and the movable steady rest 32 provided in the hollow portion 22. The swing of the bar work W is prevented by slidably supporting the appropriate portion in the axial direction. The movable steady rest 32 is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction, and can support an appropriate location corresponding to the length of the portion of the bar work W located in the hollow portion 22. Therefore, even if the length of the bar work W is changed, it is not necessary to change the setting of the movable steady rest 32 or the like. Moreover, even if the length of the part located in the hollow part 22 of the bar work W is long, since it is supported at two places by the fixed steady rest 31 and the movable steady rest 32, it can be supported stably.

  The movable steady rest 32 includes an elastic member 32d having radial elasticity on the outer peripheral surface, and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion 22 of the main shafts 3A and 3B via the elastic member 32d, so that an external force is applied. Thus, while it is possible to move the movable steady rest 32 in the axial direction, it is possible to prevent the movable steady rest 32 from moving in the axial direction during processing. Therefore, the appropriate position of the bar work W in the axial direction can always be supported by the movable steady rest 32. Further, by providing the elastic member 32d, it is possible to suppress the propagation of vibrations from the bar work W to the main shafts 3A and 3B and from the main shafts 3A and 3B to the bar work W, thereby stabilizing the bar work W. I can support it.

  The hollow portions 22 of the main shafts 3A and 3B are open at the base ends, and the movable steady rest 32 can be inserted into and removed from the hollow portions 22 through the openings, so that the main shafts 3A and 3B can move without interfering with other members around the main shafts 3A and 3B. The steady rest 32 can be taken in and out of the hollow portion 22. Since the movable steady rest 32 is automatically taken in / out by the taking in / out device 33, the processing efficiency is good. The loading / unloading device 33 is used both for loading and unloading the movable steady rest 32 and for pulling out the bar work W, and can be configured at a low cost because it is a partial modification of the existing bar work pull-out device.

  Although the lathe in the illustrated example is an opposed two-axis lathe, the present invention can also be applied to a single-axis lathe. Further, in the case of an opposed two-axis lathe, the present invention may be applied to only one main spindle device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Opposite 2 axis | shaft lathe 3A, 3B ... Main shaft 4A, 4B ... Main shaft chuck 5A, 5B ... Main shaft apparatus 22 ... Hollow part 30 ... Stabilizing mechanism 31 ... Fixed steady rest 32 ... Movable steady rest 32d ... Elastic member 33 ... Entry / exit device 34 ... entry member (fixing member)
35aa ... Bar work chuck part 35ab ... Stabilizer chuck part W ... Bar work

Claims (4)

A spindle and a chuck attached to the tip of the spindle and gripping a part of the bar work;
The main shaft has a hollow portion through which a portion on the proximal end side of the main shaft can be inserted with respect to a grip portion of the bar work gripped by the chuck, and the bar work gripped by the chuck is inserted into the hollow portion. the vibration stopper slidably supported in the axial direction part of the base end side of the spindle than the gripping portion by the chuck, only set so as to be movable in the axial direction, access device for loading and unloading the bracing member into the hollow portion The insertion / extraction device has an entry member that can enter the hollow portion of the main shaft from the base end side, and grips the bar work by the bar work chuck portion provided at the distal end of the entry member. An apparatus for drawing out, wherein the entry member is provided with a steady-rest chuck portion capable of gripping the steady-rest tool separately from the bar work chuck portion, and the steady-rest chuck portion is provided with the steady-state chuck portion. Spindle device have a function in and out the hollow portion holding the fit tool.   2. The spindle device according to claim 1, wherein the steady rest includes an elastic member having radial elasticity on an outer peripheral surface, and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the hollow portion of the main shaft via the elastic member.   3. The spindle device according to claim 1, wherein a base end of the hollow portion of the main shaft is opened, and the steady rest can be inserted into and removed from the hollow portion through the opening. The fixed steady rest which supports the bar work hold | gripped by the said chuck | zipper so that it can slide freely to an axial direction in the location adjacent to the said chuck | zipper of the said hollow part was provided in position fixing to the axial direction. spindle device according to any one of 3.

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