JP5514433B2 - 表面処理されたアノード活物質を含むアノード及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 - Google Patents
表面処理されたアノード活物質を含むアノード及びこれを採用したリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5514433B2 JP5514433B2 JP2008322687A JP2008322687A JP5514433B2 JP 5514433 B2 JP5514433 B2 JP 5514433B2 JP 2008322687 A JP2008322687 A JP 2008322687A JP 2008322687 A JP2008322687 A JP 2008322687A JP 5514433 B2 JP5514433 B2 JP 5514433B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- anode
- active material
- anode active
- current collector
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 niobium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
[合成例1]
リチウム供給源であるリチウム金属及びニオビウム供給源であるニオビウムペンタエトキシド(Niobiumpentaethoxide)をエタノール100mLにそれぞれ0.025mmolほど溶解させて前駆体溶液を製造した。この前駆体溶液を大きさが数十nmないし3μmであるLi4Ti5O12粉末5gの表面に噴霧した後で濾過した。濾過物を空気中で400℃、30分間焼成してニオブ酸リチウムで表面がコーティングされたLi4Ti5O12を製造した。前記表面コーティング層であるニオブ酸リチウムの含有量は、アノード活物質全体重量対比で0.3重量%であり、厚さは数nmであった。
リチウム供給源であるリチウム金属及びニオビウム供給源であるニオビウムペンタエトキシド(Niobiumpentaethoxide)をエタノール100mLにそれぞれ0.1mmolほど溶解させて前駆体溶液を製造した。大きさが数十nmないし3μmであるLi4Ti5O12粉末5gを前記前駆体溶液に5分間浸漬した後、これを濾過した。濾過物を空気中で400℃、30分間焼成してニオブ酸リチウムで表面がコーティングされたLi4Ti5O12を製造した。前記表面コーティング層であるニオブ酸リチウムの含有量は、アノード活物質全体重量対比で0.6重量%であり、厚さは数nmであった。
リチウム供給源であるリチウム金属及びニオビウム供給源であるニオビウムペンタエトキシド(Niobiumpentaethoxide)をエタノール100mLにそれぞれ0.2mmolほど溶解させて前駆体溶液を製造した。大きさが数十nmないし3μmであるLi4Ti5O12粉末5gを前記前駆体溶液に5分間浸漬した後、これを濾過した。濾過物を空気中で400℃、30分間焼成してニオブ酸リチウムで表面がコーティングされたLi4Ti5O12を製造した。前記表面コーティング層であるニオブ酸リチウムの含有量は、アノード活物質全体重量対比で1.2重量%であり、厚さは数十nmであった。
リチウム供給源であるリチウム金属及びニオビウム供給源であるニオビウムペンタエトキシド(Niobiumpentaethoxide)をエタノール100mLにそれぞれ0.2mmolほど溶解させて前駆体溶液を製造した。大きさが数nmないし300nmであるLi4Ti5O12粉末5gを前記前駆体溶液に5分間浸漬した後、これを濾過した。濾過物を空気中で400℃、30分間焼成してニオブ酸リチウムで表面がコーティングされたLi4Ti5O12を製造した。前記表面コーティング層であるニオブ酸リチウムの含有量は、アノード活物質全体重量対比で1.2重量%であり、厚さは10nm余りであった。
[比較例1]
大きさが数十nmないし3μmのLi4Ti5O12粉末8.2g、黒鉛粉末1g、PVDF 10重量%溶液(溶媒:N−メチルピロリドン)8gを混合した後、機械式撹拌器を使用して撹拌することによって、スラリ(slurry)を製造した。ドクターブレード(doctorblade)を使用して銅(Cu)集電体上に約60μm厚にこのスラリを塗布及び乾燥させた後、真空及び120℃の条件で再乾燥してアノード板を製造した。
大きさが数十nmないし3μmのLi4Ti5O12活物質を空気中で400℃、30分間焼成してアノード活物質を製造した。熱処理したLi4Ti5O12粉末8.2g、黒鉛粉末1g、PVDF 10重量%溶液(溶媒:N−メチルピロリドン)8gを混合した後、機械式撹拌器を使用して撹拌することによって、スラリ(slurry)を製造した。ドクターブレード(doctorblade)を使用して銅(Cu)集電体上に約60μm厚にこのスラリを塗布及び乾燥した後、真空及び120℃の条件で再乾燥してアノード板を製造した。
大きさが数nmないし300nmのLi4Ti5O12粉末8.2g、黒鉛粉末1g、PVDF 10重量%溶液(溶媒:N−メチルピロリドン)8gを混合した後、機械式撹拌器を使用して撹拌することによって、スラリ(slurry)を製造した。ドクターブレード(doctorblade)を使用して銅(Cu)集電体上に約60μm厚さにこのスラリを塗布及び乾燥した後、真空及び120℃の条件で再乾燥してアノード板を製造した。
前記実施例1ないし4及び比較例1ないし3で製造した前記アノード板をリチウム金属を相対電極として、PTFEセパレータ、1.3MLiPF6がEC(エチレンカーボネート)+DEC(ジエチルカーボネート)(7:3体積比)に溶けている溶液を電解質として、2016規格のコインセルを製造した。
前記の通りに製造したそれぞれのコインセルを活物質0.2D電流で、電圧がリチウム電極に対して1Vに達するまで定電流放電を実施した。放電が完了したセルは、約10分間の休止期間を経た後、0.2Cの電流で電圧が2Vに達するまで定電流充電を行った。このときの放電量/充電量で初期効率を計算した。その後、0.2C/0.2D、0.2C/0.5D、0.5C/0.5D、1C/0.5D、6C/0.5Dでそれぞれ2回ずつ充電と放電とを反復し、0.2C/0.5Dの充電容量の6C/0.5Dの充電容量に対する比より0.2C−>6C容量減少率を計算した。測定結果を下記表1、図3ないし図5に表した。
Claims (7)
- 集電体と、前記集電体上に形成され、アノード活物質、導電剤及びバインダを含むアノード活物質層とを具備するアノードであって、
前記アノード活物質がリチウムイオンの挿入及び脱離の可能なリチウム酸化物でコーティングされたLi4Ti5O12を含み、
前記リチウムイオンの挿入及び脱離の可能なリチウム酸化物がニオブ酸リチウムであることを特徴とするアノード。 - 前記ニオブ酸リチウムの含有量が前記アノード活物質重量の0.01ないし1.5重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアノード。
- 前記ニオブ酸リチウムの表面コーティング層厚が0.1ないし100nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアノード。
- 前記Li4Ti5O12が1nmないし1,000μmの大きさを有する粉末状である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアノード。 - リチウム供給源及びニオビウム供給源を有機溶媒に溶解させて前駆体溶液を製造する段階と、
前記前駆体溶液をLi4Ti5O12の表面に噴霧するか、またはLi4Ti5O12を前記前駆体溶液に浸漬した後、これを濾過させる段階と、
前記濾過物を空気中で400ないし500℃で0.5ないし1時間焼成する段階とを含み、
前記Li4Ti5O12の表面に、リチウムイオンの挿入及び脱離の可能なリチウム酸化物であるニオブ酸リチウムがコーティングされることを特徴とするLi4Ti5O12の表面処理方法。 - 前記リチウム供給源がリチウム金属であり、前記ニオビウム供給源がニオビウムアルコ
キシドであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLi4Ti5O12の表面処理方法。 - カソード、アノード及び電解液を具備し、
前記アノードが請求項1ないし請求項4のうちいずれか1項に記載の表面処理アノードであることを特徴とするリチウム電池。
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