JP5497959B2 - Quay crane - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a quay crane used for container handling at a port or an inland container terminal.

  In container terminals such as harbors, containers between ships and trailers are handled by quay cranes, portal cranes, container trailers, and the like. As an earthquake countermeasure in this container terminal, a crane that employs a seismic isolation structure for a quay crane has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 8 shows a conventional quay crane. The quay crane 1X includes a leg structure 2X, a traveling device 8 disposed at the lower end of the leg structure 2X, a boom 6 and a girder 7 installed above the leg structure 2X, and the boom 6 and the girder 7. And a trolley (loading device) 9 for carrying out the cargo handling operation of the container.

  The leg structure 2X includes a sea side leg 3a, a land side leg 3b (hereinafter collectively referred to as leg 3), and a horizontal member (hereinafter referred to as portal tie beam) 5 connecting the legs 3a and 3b. Yes. Further, the leg structure 2X includes a sea-side diagonal member 4a and a land-side diagonal member 4b (hereinafter collectively referred to as diagonal members or V-shaped members) extending from above the legs 3a and 3b toward the portal tie beam 5, respectively. A mold diagonal 4).

  Further, the leg structure 2 </ b> X includes a seismic isolation device 30 that connects the lower end portion of the V-shaped diagonal member 4 and the portal tie beam 5. The seismic isolation device 30 is composed of laminated rubber and is configured to be displaceable in the transverse direction (sea-land direction) x. Y indicates the vertical direction.

  With the above configuration, the quay crane 1X can suppress vibrations when an earthquake occurs. This is because the seismic isolation device 30 installed at the lower end of the V-shaped diagonal member 4 is displaced (slid) in the transverse direction x, and the natural period of vibration of the quay crane 1X can be lengthened.

  However, the quay crane 1X equipped with the V-shaped diagonal member 4 and the seismic isolation device 30 has several problems. First, when a large-scale earthquake occurs, there is a risk that the seismic isolation device 30 may exceed the sliding distance that can be deformed in the transverse direction x, and the laminated rubber of the seismic isolation device 30 may be broken. have. That is, the quay crane 1X may lose the seismic isolation function when an earthquake occurs. This is because the sliding distance of the seismic isolation device 30 made of laminated rubber is not so large. Specifically, it was ± 300 mm or less in the transverse direction x.

  Here, a large-scale earthquake is, for example, a seismic wave assumed by the 2006 revision of the Port Law, and is called Level 2 ground motion. This Level 2 ground motion is defined as the ground motion having the largest magnitude that can be considered at this point from the present to the future according to the Third Proposal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.

2ndly, in order to avoid the fracture | rupture of said seismic isolation apparatus 30, it has the problem that it is difficult to employ | adopt a seismic isolation apparatus with a large displacement amount. This is because, when an attempt is made to extend the slide distance by increasing the size of the laminated rubber, the spring constant increases due to the increase in the size of the rubber, but rather the slide distance becomes shorter. Moreover, when the spring constant of laminated rubber becomes high (when rubber becomes hard), the natural period of a quay crane will become short. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, a large acceleration is generated in the quay crane, the traveling device 8 is lifted up, and there is a possibility that wheel removal will occur.

  3rdly, even if it is a case where the seismic isolation apparatus 30 comprised with laminated rubber does not reach the limit of a slide distance, it has the problem that there exists a possibility that it may fracture | rupture. This is because when an earthquake occurs, a tensile force is generated in the vertically upward direction y of the seismic isolation device 30, and the seismic isolation device 30 is broken by this pulling. This is because the seismic isolation device 30 made of laminated rubber is particularly strong in the compression direction force but weak in the pulling direction force. In addition, the force generated in the vertical direction y of the seismic isolation device 30 is generated by vibration (referred to as rocking R or rocking phenomenon) in which the sea side leg 3a and the land side leg 3b of the quay crane 1X are alternately lifted.

  From the above, the conventional quay crane 1X may not be able to obtain sufficient seismic isolation performance when a large-scale earthquake occurs and may collapse.

JP 2003-12275 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the purpose thereof is a quay in a quay crane having a V-shaped diagonal member even when a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs. It is to provide a quay crane capable of suppressing the vibration by increasing the natural period of the crane.

  In order to achieve the above object, a quay crane according to the present invention includes diagonal members extending from above a sea side leg and a land side leg toward a horizontal member connecting the sea side leg and the land side leg. In the quay crane having the quay crane, the quay crane is installed along the horizontal member, the movable body installed at the lower end of the diagonal member and configured to be movable along the guide, the movable body and the It has a fixing device that fixes the relative position of the guide, and when the earthquake occurs, the fixing device is released, and the movable body is configured to be movable along the guide. To do.

  With this configuration, the quay crane can suppress vibration of the quay crane even when a large-scale earthquake occurs. This is because the natural period of the quay crane can be lengthened.

  The quay crane described above is characterized in that the quay crane has a restoring mechanism for applying a restoring force for returning the movable body to an initial position fixed before the occurrence of the earthquake. With this configuration, the quay crane can be quickly restored after the earthquake. Further, when an earthquake occurs, this restoring force acts as a damping force that attenuates the vibration of the quay crane, so that the vibration of the quay crane can be suppressed.

  In the above quay crane, the restoration mechanism includes the guide having an inclined portion, and the inclined portion is inclined vertically upward from the initial position toward the sea-side leg and the land-side leg. It is characterized by having an upward slope. With this configuration, the moving body moving along the guide can obtain a force (restoring force) for returning to the initial position by gravity. Therefore, the quay crane can realize quick recovery after the end of the earthquake by the action of the restoring force and suppression of vibration during the occurrence of the earthquake by the action of the damping force.

  In the above quay crane, the fixing device includes a hydraulic cylinder in which a casing is fixed to the guide and a rod is fixed to the movable body, a hydraulic circuit that connects a left chamber and a right chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic circuit A hydraulic valve that controls the flow of oil in the normal state. Normally, the hydraulic valve is closed to fix the hydraulic cylinder, and when an earthquake occurs, the hydraulic valve is opened to open the hydraulic valve. The cylinder is configured to be slidable.

  With this configuration, when an earthquake occurs, it is possible to precisely control the timing for releasing the moving body. In addition, an external force for returning the moving body to the initial position can be applied during the restoration work.

  According to the quay crane according to the present invention, there is provided a quay crane capable of suppressing the vibration by increasing the natural period of the quay crane even when a large-scale earthquake (for example, level 2 ground motion) occurs. be able to.

It is a schematic diagram of a quay crane of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the side surface of the quay crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the front of the quay crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the plane of the quay crane of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the plane of the quay crane of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the side surface of the quay crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the partial cross section of the front of the quay crane of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic of the conventional quay crane.

  Hereinafter, a quay crane according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an outline of a quay crane 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The quay crane 1 includes a leg structure 2 including a sea side leg 3a, a land side leg 3b and a horizontal member (hereinafter referred to as portal tie beam) 5, a boom 6 and a girder 7 installed above the leg structure 2. The traveling device 8 is provided below the leg structure 2. Further, the quay crane 1 is composed of a sea-side diagonal member 4a and a land-side diagonal member 4b (collectively referred to as diagonal members or V-shaped diagonal members 4) extending from above the legs 3a and 3b toward the portal tie beam 5, respectively. )have.

  Further, the quay crane 1 includes a moving body 10 installed at the lower end of the V-shaped diagonal member 4, a guide 11 installed along the portal tie beam 5, and a fixing for fixing the relative position of the moving body 10 and the guide 11. It has a device (not shown). Here, a position where the moving body 10 is fixed on the portal tie beam 5 (for example, an intermediate point between the sea-side leg 3a and the land-side leg 3b) is set as an initial position P of the moving body 10. The portal tie beam 5 is formed in a prismatic shape having a cavity inside.

Next, the operation of the quay crane 1 will be described. First, when an earthquake occurs, the mobile object 10 is unfixed using an emergency earthquake warning, a seismometer, an accelerometer, or the like as an input signal. By releasing the fixing device, the moving body 10 can move along the guide 11.

  With the above configuration, the quay crane 1 can obtain the following effects. First, the quay crane 1 can suppress vibration even when a large-scale earthquake such as a level 2 earthquake motion occurs. This is because the natural period of the quay crane 1 can be lengthened by the sliding of the moving body 10.

  Second, it can meet the demand for larger quay cranes. In particular, the seismic performance of the quay crane can be improved even when it is necessary to install a V-shaped diagonal material due to the increase in size of the quay crane.

  Note that the upper end of the V-shaped diagonal member 4 is fixed above the sea-side leg 3a or the land-side leg 3b at a position equal to or lower than the height of the boom 6 and the girder 7 by pin connection or the like. desirable. This is because the rigidity of the leg structure 2 of the quay crane 1 can be further improved and the natural period can be increased by this configuration.

  Moreover, it is desirable to install a conventional seismic isolation device made of laminated rubber or the like between the leg structure 2 and the traveling device 8. This is because the seismic performance of the quay crane can be improved.

  FIG. 2 shows a side view of a partial cross section with a part of the cross section around the moving body 10. The quay crane 1 includes a movable body 10 installed at the lower ends of the V-shaped diagonal members 4a and 4b, a guide 11 installed along the portal tie beam 5, and a fixed for fixing the relative positions of the movable body 10 and the guide 11. A device 12 is included. The moving body 10 is connected to the V-shaped diagonal members 4a and 4b by pin coupling using pins 13 for example. Moreover, the moving body 10 is fixed to at least one of the guide 11 or the portal tie beam 5 by a fixing device 12 configured by, for example, a shear pin. Furthermore, it is desirable that the moving body 10 is made of a material having high lubricity (for example, MC nylon, Naflon (registered trademark), etc.). This is to realize a smooth slide of the moving body 10. For the same reason, traveling wheels may be installed on at least one of the lower surface, the side surface, or the upper surface of the moving body 10.

  In addition, the guide 11 has an inclined portion (uphill gradient) 14 whose bottom surface is vertically upward from the initial position P toward the sea side leg 3a or the land side leg 3b. The inclined portion 14 of the guide 11 serves as a restoring mechanism that generates a force that returns the moving body 10 to the initial position P. In addition, the moving body 10 shown with the broken line has shown a mode that the moving body 10 is moving the inclination part 14, when an earthquake occurs.

  Next, the operation of the quay crane 1 will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the fixing device 12 is released, for example, by breaking a shear pin. By moving the fixing device 12, the moving body 10 moves along the guide 11. At this time, the moving body 10 is given a restoring force that always tries to return to the initial position P from the inclined portion 14 that is a restoring mechanism. Moreover, the mobile body 10 repeats a slide (sliding), changing the advancing direction between the sea side leg 3a and the land side leg 3b during the occurrence of an earthquake.

  With the above configuration, the quay crane 1 can obtain the following effects. First, the quay crane 1 can suppress vibration even when a large-scale earthquake occurs. This is because the natural period of vibration of the quay crane 1 can be increased by the sliding of the moving body 10. The moving body 10 can be configured to slide along the guide 11 at a distance of ± 500 mm or more, desirably ± 1000 mm or more. This is because the movable body 10 is not restricted by the slide distance due to the influence of material properties and the like unlike the laminated rubber.

  Secondly, recovery work of the quay crane 1 after the occurrence of an earthquake can be performed quickly. This is because a restoring force is exerted on the moving body 10 to return to the initial position P. For example, when the moving body 10 has already returned to the initial position P after the occurrence of the earthquake, the restoration work for the quay crane 1 is completed by only fixing the moving body 10 with the fixing device 12. Further, even when the moving body 10 does not return to the initial position P, the restoring force works when applying the external force to return the moving body 10 to the initial position P, so that the recovery operation can be performed quickly. . That is, the guide 11 having the inclined portion 14 is a restoring mechanism that gives a restoring force to the moving body 10.

  Third, a force (restoring force) that tries to return to the initial position P acts on the moving body 10 even during an earthquake. This force can also be referred to as a damping force that attenuates the vibration of the quay crane 1. Therefore, vibration of the quay crane 1 can be suppressed.

In addition, you may form the inclination part 14 of the guide 11 in the circular arc shape which has a downward convex part. With this configuration, the moving body 10 can obtain a greater restoring force as it moves away from the initial position P.
Further, the connecting portion between the V-shaped diagonal members 4a and 4b and the leg 3 (the sea side leg 3a and the land side leg 3b) and the connecting portion between the V-shaped diagonal members 4a and 4b and the moving body 10 are as described above. It is not limited to the pin connection by the pin 13. This bond may be, for example, a bond through rubber or the like as long as it is a soft bond that can allow a certain deformation.

  In FIG. 3, the front of the partial cross section which made one part a cross section around the mobile body 10 is shown. The moving body 10 is fixed to at least one of the guide 11 or the portal tie beam 5 by a fixing device (for example, a shear pin) 12. The guide 11 is configured to cover at least the side of the moving body 10.

  Next, the operation of the quay crane 1 will be described. First, when an earthquake occurs and a force in the transverse direction (from the front to the back in FIG. 3) x acts on the moving body 11 via the V-shaped diagonal member 4, the shear pin is broken by this force (the fixing device 12 is Released). The shear pin passes through a hole (shown by a broken line) formed in the guide 11 and the portal tie beam 5 and falls into a cavity in the portal tie beam 5. By releasing the fixing device 12, the moving body 10 can move along the guide 11. With the configuration employing the shear pin, the quay crane 1 can automatically obtain the seismic isolation effect even when a power failure or the like occurs along with the occurrence of the earthquake.

  In addition, you may comprise the fixing device 12 so that it may be cancelled | released by the signal of the seismometer etc. which were mounted in the earthquake early warning, the container terminal, or the quay crane. In this case, the fixing device is configured to include a restraining unit that restrains the moving body 10 and a receiver that receives a signal or the like.

  Further, the guide 11 is configured to have a canopy 20 that covers the upper surface of the moving body 10 as shown in FIG. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the moving body 10 from being detached from the guide 11 even when a vertically upward force is applied to the moving body 10. This vertical upward force is caused by a rocking phenomenon or the like generated in the quay crane. Furthermore, the installation of the canopy 20 can suppress flying objects or the like that hinder the movement of the moving body 10 from falling on the passage in the guide 11.

In addition, the lubricating oil L contained in the moving body 10 may be released together with the release of the fixing device 12 such as a shear pin. This is because the slide of the moving body 10 becomes smooth. Specifically, for example, the quay crane 1 illustrated in FIG. 3 can be configured such that the lubricating oil L is supplied to the lower surface of the moving body 10 by breaking and dropping the shear pin. Further, a device that supplies or injects lubricating oil may be installed between the canopy 20 and the moving body 10. This is because the moving body 10 may repeatedly contact and slide with the bottom surface of the canopy 20 due to a locking phenomenon or the like. Specifically, for example, the lubricating oil L filled in the bag-like object can be disposed in the gap between the canopy 20 and the moving object 10, and the bag-like object can be configured to be broken by the movement of the moving object 10. .

  FIG. 4 shows quay cranes 1A and 1B according to different embodiments. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the plane showing the moving body 10 approaching the end of the guide 11. A quay crane 1A shown on the left side of FIG. 4 is an elastic body 21A such as a spring installed from the end of the guide 11 (the end in the transverse direction x) toward the moving body 10, and is fixed to the elastic body 21A and moves. A contact plate 22 that can contact the body 10 is provided. The elastic body 21 </ b> A and the contact plate 22 are a restoring mechanism that gives a restoring force to the moving body 10. That is, the moving body 10 that has collided with the contact plate 22 moved to the end of the guide 11 due to the earthquake motion can obtain a restoring force in a direction to be returned to the initial position P by the elastic body 21 </ b> A and the contact plate 22.

  4 has an elastic body 21B such as a rubber band for connecting the end of the guide 11 and the moving body 10. The elastic body 21 </ b> B such as a rubber band is a restoring mechanism that gives a restoring force to the moving body 10. Here, it is desirable to install a stopper 24 for preventing the collision between the moving body 10 and the end of the guide 11 on at least one of the end of the moving body 10 (the end in the transverse direction x) or the inner wall of the guide 11. Furthermore, it is desirable that at least a part of the stopper 24 is made of a cushioning material such as rubber. This is because the impact of the collision between the stopper 24 and another member can be reduced.

  In addition, when employ | adopting elastic bodies 21A, such as a spring shown in FIG. 4, according to the magnitude | size of the assumed earthquake motion, it is desirable to comprise the length of the horizontal direction x of the guide 11 short. This is because, with this configuration, the moving body 10 has a short running distance and can obtain a restoring force from the elastic body 21A at an early stage.

  FIG. 5 shows a quay crane 1C according to a different embodiment. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the plane showing the moving body 10 approaching the end of the guide 11. The moving body 10C is configured with an elastic body (for example, rubber) 21C at a part of the end. Specifically, a triangular prism-like elastic body 21C is installed at the corner of the moving body 10C. Further, the guide 11C has a tapered portion 25 narrowed toward the end portion. The elastic body 21C and the taper portion 25 are a restoring mechanism that applies a restoring force to the moving body 10C.

  With this configuration, when the moving body 10C moves to the end of the guide 11C, the elastic body 21C is pushed by the tapered portion 25 and deformed. The moving body 10 </ b> C can obtain a force in a direction to return to the initial position P by the force that the deformation tries to return.

  The quay crane can be configured to include at least one of the above-described restoration mechanisms or a combination of a plurality of them. For example, a configuration in which the inclined portion 14 shown in FIG. 2 and an elastic body 21A such as a spring shown in the left side of FIG.

  By combining the plurality of restoring mechanisms, the restoring force acting on the moving body 10 can be increased. Therefore, the restoration work of the quay crane 1 can be advanced further rapidly.

FIG. 6 shows a quay crane 1D of a different embodiment. FIG. 6 is a view showing a side surface of a partial cross section with a part of the cross section around the moving body 10. The moving body 10 is fixed to at least one of the guide 11 or the portal tie beam 5 by a fixing device 12D. The fixing device 12D includes a hydraulic cylinder 26 in which a casing is fixed to the guide 11 and a rod is fixed to the movable body, a hydraulic circuit S that connects a left chamber and a right chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 26, and oil in the hydraulic circuit S. A trigger 27 and a control valve 28, which are hydraulic valves for controlling the flow, and a hydraulic pump 29 are provided. The hydraulic valves 27 and 28 can be constituted by solenoid valves or the like.

  Next, the operation of the fixing device 12D will be described. During normal times when the quay crane 1D performs a cargo handling operation or the like, the hydraulic valves 27 and 28 of the fixing device 12D are closed, and the hydraulic cylinder 26 is fixed. By this control, the moving body 10 is fixed at the initial position P, and the quay crane 1D is in a rigid state, so that cargo handling work and the like can be performed.

  When an earthquake occurs, the trigger 27 is opened by a signal such as an emergency earthquake warning or a seismometer, and the hydraulic cylinder 26 is made slidable. By this control, the moving body 10 can slide along the guide 11, and the vibration of the quay crane 1D can be suppressed.

  In addition, after the earthquake is over, the trigger 27 is closed, the control valve 28 is opened, and the hydraulic pump 29 is operated to restore the moving body 10 to the initial position P.

  By adopting this fixing device 12D, it is possible to precisely control the timing of releasing the fixation of the moving body when an earthquake occurs. In addition, an external force for returning the moving body 10 to the initial position P can be applied during the restoration work.

  The fixing device 12D employed in the present invention is not limited to the one having a hydraulic cylinder. The moving fluid may be water or air instead of oil. Further, it is desirable that the trigger 27 is constituted by a solenoid valve, and is set so that the valve is closed when energized and the valve is opened during a power failure. With this configuration, the trigger 27 can be opened even when a power failure occurs with an earthquake.

  Furthermore, the hydraulic pump 29 may be controlled, and the hydraulic cylinder 26 may be activated. That is, the hydraulic pump 29 can be controlled to apply an external force in a direction to cancel this vibration to the hydraulic cylinder 26 that slides due to the earthquake motion. This control can further suppress the vibration of the quay crane 1D.

  From the above, the quay crane 1 of the present invention can improve the earthquake resistance performance by combining the plurality of fixing devices and the restoring mechanism described above.

  In FIG. 7, the front of the partial cross section which made one part a cross section centering on the mobile body 10E of the quay crane 1E of different embodiment of this invention is shown. The moving body 10E has wheels 15. The guide 11E is made of I-type steel so that the wheel 15 can move along its inner wall. Further, a part of the guide 11 </ b> E made of I-shaped steel forms a canopy 20 </ b> E that covers the top surface of the wheel 15.

  Here, the rotation of the wheel 15 of the moving body 10E is fixed by a fixing device (for example, a shear pin, a brake, etc.). The moving body 10 </ b> E can be relatively fixed to the portal tie beam 5 by the fixing device for the wheel 15. The moving body 10E may be fixed to at least one of the guide 11E or the portal tie beam 5 with a fixing device (for example, a shear pin).

With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, the quay crane 1E can suppress vibration even when a large-scale earthquake such as a level 2 earthquake motion occurs. This is because the natural period of the quay crane 1E can be lengthened by the sliding of the moving body 10E. In particular, since the moving body 10E can be moved by the wheels 15, it can slide smoothly. Second, even when a vertically upward force is applied to the moving body 10E, the moving body 10E can be prevented from coming off the guide 11E. This is because the guide 11E has the canopy 20E. Thirdly, the manufacturing cost of the guide 11E can be reduced by the configuration in which the guide 11E is formed of I-shaped steel.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Quay crane 2 Leg structure 3 Leg 3a Sea side leg 3b Land side leg 4, 4a, 4b Diagonal material (V-shaped diagonal material)
5 Horizontal member (portal tie beam)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mobile body 11 Guide 12 Fixing device 14 Inclination part 26 Hydraulic cylinder 27 Trigger (hydraulic valve)
28 Control valve (hydraulic valve)
S Hydraulic circuit P Initial position

Claims (4)

A horizontal member connecting the sea side leg and the land side leg, a sea side diagonal member extending from the sea side leg toward the horizontal member, and a land side diagonal member extending from the land side leg toward the horizontal member. A quay crane with
The quay crane has a guide installed along the horizontal member, a movable body installed at a lower end of the sea side diagonal and the land side diagonal and configured to be movable along the guide, and the movement A fixing device for fixing the relative position of the body and the guide;
The lower end portions of the sea side diagonal material and the land side diagonal material are connected to the moving bodies through pin coupling by pins extending in a horizontal direction in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the guide,
A quay crane constructed such that when the earthquake occurs , the fixing device is released and the movable body is movable along the guide. 2. The quay crane according to claim 1 , wherein the quay crane has a restoring mechanism that applies a restoring force to return the movable body to an initial position fixed before the occurrence of the earthquake. The restoring mechanism includes the guide having an inclined portion;
3. The quay crane according to claim 2 , wherein the inclined portion is configured to have an upward slope that is inclined vertically upward from the initial position toward the sea side leg and the land side leg. 4. . The fixing device controls a hydraulic cylinder in which a casing is fixed to the guide and a rod is fixed to the moving body, a hydraulic circuit that connects a left chamber and a right chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and an oil flow in the hydraulic circuit Has a hydraulic valve to
In a normal state, the hydraulic valve is closed to make the hydraulic cylinder fixed, and when an earthquake occurs, the hydraulic valve is opened to make the hydraulic cylinder slidable. The quay crane according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

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