JP5482343B2 - 難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5482343B2 JP5482343B2 JP2010062065A JP2010062065A JP5482343B2 JP 5482343 B2 JP5482343 B2 JP 5482343B2 JP 2010062065 A JP2010062065 A JP 2010062065A JP 2010062065 A JP2010062065 A JP 2010062065A JP 5482343 B2 JP5482343 B2 JP 5482343B2
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Description
(A)ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)50〜80質量%
(B)ポリカーボネート樹脂5〜40質量%
(C)Tgが35℃未満の重合体5〜30質量%
(D)残炭率15%以上の重合体0.5〜5質量%
(E)ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)1〜10質量%
を含有し、前記残炭率15%以上の重合体が、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンスルフィドのいずれか、又はフェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物に係わる発明である。
本発明の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物(以下、樹脂組成物ということがある)に配合される(A)成分としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(以下、これをPETということがある)である。
(B)成分としては、ポリカーボネート樹脂、二価フェノールとカーボネート前駆体とを反応させることによって得られる芳香族ポリカーボネートがある。その製造方法は公知の方法が採用でき、例えば、二価フェノールにホスゲン等のカーボネート前駆体を直接反応させる方法(界面重合法)、又は二価フェノールとジフェニルカーボネート等のカーボネート前駆体とを溶融状態でエステル交換反応させる方法(溶液法)などが知られている。
(C)成分としてTgが35℃未満の高分子量体を添加する。その代表的なものの一つは、ポリ酢酸ビニル(Tg30℃)である。ここでTgとは示差熱走査熱分析(DSC)で得られた値であり、高分子量体の中には2種類以上Tgを有する場合がある。少なくとも1つ35℃未満のTgがDSCで観察されれば、本発明に用いることができる。本成分として最も好ましいのはゴム状重合体であるが、ゴム状重合体と樹脂との共重合体も用いることができる。
(D)成分として用いる、残炭率15%以上の重合体としてはフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド、尿素樹脂、フラン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド(以下、PPSということがある)などを用いることができる。ここで残炭率15%以上とは、重合体を窒素中5℃/minの加熱速度で熱質量分析を行い、600℃における残渣量の割合である。好ましい重合体としては残炭率35%以上のフェノール樹脂、PPSである。
(E)成分としてPENを1.0〜10質量%添加する。PENについては固有粘度に特に制限はないが、本発明においては、好ましくは0.30〜2.50dl/g、更に好ましくは0.60〜1.5dl/gの範囲である。固有粘度が小さすぎると十分な耐衝撃性が得られず、また耐薬品性も低下するおそれがある。逆に固有粘度が大きすぎると流動粘度が増大し混練温度を高く設定しなければならず他の組み合わせる添加剤に好ましくない温度で混練することになる。
本発明では、そのほかにハロゲンを含まない難燃剤が添加されていると、難燃性はさらに向上する。本発明で好ましい難燃剤はリン酸エステル化合物である。
〈2〉(A)PET−(B)PC−(C)EPDM−(D)フェノール樹脂とPPS−(E)PEN
[その他の添加物]
本発明の樹脂組成物には、本発明の目的が達成される範囲内で、慣用の他の添加剤、例えば、架橋剤、顔料、染料、補強材(ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、タルク、マイカ、粘土鉱物、チタン酸カリウム繊維など)、充填剤(酸化チタン、金属粉、木粉、籾殻など)、熱安定剤、酸化劣化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、離型剤、結晶核剤、可塑剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、発泡剤等を配合することができる。これらの中でも、本発明の樹脂組成物においては、ポリエステル樹脂とポリカーボネート樹脂のエステル交換反応や熱分解を抑える観点からも、架橋剤、熱安定剤や酸化劣化防止剤などの安定剤の添加が好適である。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物はいわゆる溶融混練法によって製造できる。すなわち、少なくとも上記した(A)〜(E)成分を含む高分子混合物を溶融・混練し、冷却する。冷却物は、次工程(例えば、成形工程)での処理を容易にするために、通常、粉砕によってペレタイズされる。
本発明に係る樹脂組成物は、以下に示す好ましい実施形態に係る製造方法によって製造されると、ゴム状重合体(C)の微分散が達成される。しかも自己消火性、ならびに弾性率、曲げ強度および衝撃強度等の機械的性能が向上する。
以上の方法で製造された本発明の樹脂組成物は通常、冷却・粉砕されてペレットの形態を有しているので、当該ペレットを、射出成形法、押出成形法、圧縮成形法、吹込成形法、射出圧縮成形法などの公知の各種成形法に適用することによって、任意の形状が付与された成形体を製造できる。ポリエステル樹脂の加水分解反応及びポリエステル樹脂とポリカーボネート樹脂のエステル交換反応を抑制させる観点から、成形前において、樹脂組成物は十分に乾燥させることが好ましい。
(A)成分
PET:固有粘度0.78dl/gのポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂ペレット。前記同様のDSC法による融点は267℃で、ガラス転移温度は73℃であった。
R−PET:(回収ポリエチレンテレフタレート);
固有粘度0.68dl/gの使用済みの廃棄PETボトルの大きさ2〜8mmのフレーク状粉砕品(洗浄品)。なお、このPETフレークの昇温速度20℃/分におけるDSC法(セイコーインスツルメント社製DSC7000使用)による結晶融解ピークの終点の温度(融点)は263℃であった。また、同DSC法によるガラス転移温度は69℃であった。
(B)成分
PC1:回収ポリカーボネート);廃棄コンパクトディスクより反射層、記録層等を剥離後、大きさ1〜5mmのフレーク状に粉砕したもの(基板のPCは三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック(株)製ユーピロンH4000、分子量約15,000)。前記同様のDSC法によるガラス転移温度は148℃であった。
(C)成分
PAAV:ポリ酢酸ビニル(Tg:30℃)
COM1:ポリエチレン(日本ポリエチレン、ハーモレックス、Tg;−125℃)とエチレン−アクリル酸コポリマー(日本ポリエチレン、REXPERL EMA ET440H Tg;−120℃)とEPDMの1:1:3の混合物
COM2:エチレンーアクリル酸メチルのコポリマー(日本ポリエチレン、REXPERL EMA EB330H Tg:−120℃)とEPDMの1:4の混合物
COM3:ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体ゴム(JSRドライSBR;JSR社製)。ジエン含有量26質量%。数平均分子量5×105。Tgは−35℃であった。このゴムとポリプロピレン(東洋紡績バイレンTg0℃)の4:1混合物
COM4:グリシジルメタクリレートとポリエチレンとポリスチレンの共重合物(日本油脂モディパーA4100)とEPDMの1:5の混合物
EPDM:エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体ゴム(EPDM、ダウ(株)製、Nordel IP)。ジエン含有量17質量%。数平均分子量105 Tg;−37℃
St:ポリスチレン(Tg86℃、三菱化学)
6N:6ナイロン、Tg48℃、東レアミランCM101T
MXD6:Tg75℃、三菱ガス化学株式会社レニー1002F
(D)成分
TAN1:PhとPPSの1:1混合物
TAN2:PhとPPSの2:1混合物
PPS:ポリフェニレンスルフィド(トレリナ;東レ社製、Tm283℃)
PI:ポリイミド樹脂(宇部興産、ペティ330)
Ph:フェノール樹脂(住友ベークライト、PR−12687、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂、Tm78℃、粉末)
(E)成分
PEN:(帝人化成)固有粘度1.1dl/gのポリエチレンナフタレート樹脂ペレット。前記同様のDSC法による融点は269℃で、ガラス転移温度(Tg)は113℃であった。
混練装置は(株)神戸製鋼所製の減圧ベント付き二軸押出機KTX30を用いた。この装置のシリンダ部は温調ブロックごとにC1〜C9の9ブロックから成り、C1部に原材料供給口を、C3部及びC7部にローターとニーダーのスクリューの組み合わせを配置し、C8にベントを設置した。また、吐出口には所定のダイを取り付けて用いた。いずれのダイを用いる場合においても、以下の条件で混練装置を用いた。
間隙2a;面間距離x1=1mm、断面積S2a=6cm2、移動方向距離y1=30mm、幅方向距離z1=300mm;
溜まり部1b;最大高さh2=10mm、最大断面積S1b=30cm2、移動方向距離m2=20mm;
間隙2b;面間距離x2=1mm、断面積S2b=6cm2、移動方向距離y2=30mm、幅方向距離z1=300mm;
溜まり部1c;最大高さh3=10mm、最大断面積S1c=30cm2、移動方向距離m3=20mm;
間隙2c;面間距離x3=1mm、断面積S2c=6cm2、移動方向距離y3=30mm。
表1に示す成分を所定の質量分率でV型混合器を用いてドライブレンドし、真空乾燥機を用いて混合物を減圧下で100℃、4時間乾燥させた。乾燥させた混合物を二軸混練機の原材料供給口から投入し、吐出量30kg/時および樹脂圧力4MPaの条件にて溶融混練した。詳しくは二軸混練機から吐出された樹脂組成物は溶融状態で、所定のダイに流入口から流入した後、所定の間隙部を通過し、吐出口から吐出した。ダイから吐出した混練物を30℃の水に浸漬することによって急冷し、ペレタイザーによりペレット状に粉砕して、樹脂組成物を得た。
〈性能評価〉
(1)樹脂組成物の機械物性
ペレット状樹脂組成物を100℃で4時間乾燥させた後、射出成形機((株)日本製鋼所製、J55ELII)を用いて、シリンダ設定温度280℃、金型温度40℃で、100mm×10mm×4mmの短冊型試験片を成形した。試験片について、JIS−K7111に準拠してシャルピー衝撃試験(Uノッチ、R=1mm)を、JIS−K7171に準拠して曲げ試験を行った。弾性率は曲げ試験の初期歪の結果から求めた。評価の基準としては、下記の如くなる。
・曲げ強度
82MPa以上;極めて良好
70MPa以上82MPa未満;非常に良好
66MPa以上70MPa未満;良好
50MPa以上66MPa未満;実用上問題なし
50MPa未満;実用上問題あり
・弾性率
3.0GPa以上;極めて良好
2.7GPa以上3.0GPa未満;非常に良好
2.1GPa以上2.7GPa未満;良好
2.0GPa以上2.1GPa未満;実用上問題なし
2.0GPa未満;実用上問題あり
・シャルピー衝撃強度
62kj/m2以上;極めて優秀
42kj/m2以上62kj/m2未満;優秀
32kj/m2以上42kj/m2未満;良好
6kj/m2以上32kj/m2未満;実用上問題なし
6kj/m2未満;実用上問題あり
(2)難燃性試験
ダイをストランドダイに変更したこと以外、前記混練装置と同様の混練装置を用いた。詳しくは、ペレット状樹脂組成物を100℃で4時間乾燥させた後、当該混練装置を用いてストランド状に押し出し、冷却した。ストランドを10cmの長さに切りそろえ、その試料を45度に傾けて端部から1cmの長さの部分を固定し、ライターで着火した。以下の基準に従ってランクを付けた。
○:燃焼距離2cm未満で自己消火し、燃焼部分は0.3cm以上2cm未満であった;良好
△:燃焼距離5cm未満で自己消火し、燃焼部分は2cm以上5cm未満であった;実用上問題なし
×:燃焼距離5cm未満で自己消火せず、燃焼部分は5cm以上であった;実用上問題あり
(3)外観
成形された難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物試料片の全体的外観・表面状態を評価した。
2a、2b、2c 間隙
5 流入口
6 吐出口
10A、10B、10C、10D 樹脂組成物の製造装置
Claims (6)
- (A)ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)50〜80質量%
(B)ポリカーボネート樹脂5〜40質量%
(C)Tgが35℃未満の重合体5〜30質量%
(D)残炭率15%以上の重合体0.5〜5質量%
(E)ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)1〜10質量%
を含有し、前記残炭率15%以上の重合体が、フェノール樹脂、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンスルフィドのいずれか、又はフェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。 - 前記残炭率15%以上の重合体が、少なくともフェノール樹脂又はポリフェニレンスルフィドを用いるものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記残炭率15%以上の重合体が、フェノール樹脂とポリフェニレンスルフィドを併用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレンテレフタレートが、廃棄されたポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、廃棄されたポリカーボネート樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)〜(E)成分を含む高分子混合物を溶融状態で、面間距離(x)が5mm以下の平行な2つの面の間隙を2回以上通過させたことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の難燃性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
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US13/047,078 US20110230625A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-14 | Flame-retardant polyester resin composition |
CN201110064922.5A CN102190873B (zh) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-15 | 阻燃性聚酯树脂组合物 |
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US9353259B2 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-05-31 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Method for producing thermoplastic resin composition |
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JP2011195653A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
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