JP5467328B2 - Flow measuring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a technique relating to a method for processing more detailed information about changes in flow rate without greatly increasing the power consumption of a circuit in a measuring device that instantaneously measures the flow rate.

Conventionally, this type of flow rate measuring apparatus uses ultrasonic waves as means for instantaneously measuring the flow rate. This measurement principle is described in Publication No. Hei 8-122117, it will be described with reference to FIG. 4 for measurement principle by ultrasound at Kaitsuman. FIG. 4 is a structural diagram showing a state in which the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 and the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 are arranged in the flow path 3 through which the gas flows. The ultrasonic transmission / reception unit includes an ultrasonic sensor, a vibrator, a piezoelectric vibrator, Also called a transducer.

  When the direction of gas flow is the direction shown in the figure, the ultrasonic wave generated from the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 becomes a tailwind and thus propagates quickly and is received by the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 at time TA1. Further, since the ultrasonic wave generated from the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 becomes a head wind, it propagates slowly and is received by the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 at time TB1. Since the difference in the reciprocal of these propagation times is proportional to the flow velocity, the flow velocity can be obtained by calculation and the flow rate can be obtained by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the flow path. That is, the flow rate can be calculated by repeating transmission and reception at the paired ultrasonic transmission / reception units. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-122117 states that power can be saved by devising a sampling frequency (measurement interval).

Flow rate measurement apparatus according to ultrasound are generally the system configuration shown in FIG. In the figure, the transmission circuit unit 5 generates a signal for alternately driving the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 and the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 based on a command from the control unit 9, and the reception circuit unit 6 receives the propagated ultrasonic wave. The signal generated from the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 or the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 is subjected to processing such as amplification. The digital signal circuit unit 7 generates time information from when one ultrasonic transmission / reception unit is driven until the ultrasonic wave propagates and is received by the other ultrasonic transmission / reception unit. Specifically, the number of clock pulses of the digital signal circuit unit 7 is counted while the ultrasonic wave is propagating. In general, the calculation unit 9 and the control unit 10 are constituted by one microcomputer. Circuit portions actually related to measurement, such as the transmission circuit portion 5, the reception circuit portion 6, and the digital signal circuit portion 7, are provided in the same or independent manner as the microcomputer. However, even if it is provided in the same way as the microcomputer, the operation is treated as independent.

FIG. 6 shows a circuit waveform of the ultrasonic flow rate measuring device, where the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents voltage values. In FIG. 6, (A1), (A2), and (A3) show the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1. In the case where the transmission side and the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2 are set to the reception side, the figure (A1) is a signal waveform given to the ultrasonic transmission / reception part A1 by the transmission circuit unit 5, and the figure (A2) is from the ultrasonic transmission / reception part B2. The received signal waveform received by the receiving circuit unit 6, (A 3) is the clock of the digital signal circuit unit 7, (B 1), (B 2), (B 3) are the ultrasonic transmitting / receiving unit B 2 on the transmitting side, In the case where the sound wave transmission / reception unit A1 is set on the reception side, FIG. 5B shows a signal waveform that the transmission circuit unit 5 gives to the ultrasonic wave transmission / reception unit A1, and FIG. (B3) in FIG. 3 is a clock of the digital signal circuit unit 7 received by the receiver. For example, a 4 MHz (0.250 microsecond) oscillator is used as the clock, and the digital signal circuit unit 7 has a counter that counts the number of clocks during propagation of ultrasonic waves. For example, if 200 microseconds is required for propagation of ultrasonic waves, the number of pulses of a 4 MHz (0.250 microsecond) oscillator is 800, so the counter value is 800.

Then, the arithmetic unit 8 calculates the flow rate by transmitting the number of clocks to the arithmetic unit 8. In a series of operations in a portion surrounded by a dotted frame 12 in the figure, the ultrasonic wave propagation time TA1 generated from the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A1 and received by the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B2, and the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit B1 Since the ultrasonic propagation time TB1 that is generated and received by the ultrasonic transmission / reception unit A2 is obtained, the flow rate can be calculated. This series of operations is called one packet.

The ultrasonic flow rate measurement apparatus employs a measurement method as shown in FIG. 7 in order to improve measurement accuracy. The horizontal axis of the figure shows time, one pulse in the figure (A1) shows one packet, and one pulse in the figure (A2) transmits the counter value to the arithmetic unit 8. The operation | movement part 8 has shown the operation | movement which calculates flow volume. When the pulse of FIG. (A1) is referred to as being 50, the propagation times indicated in FIG. 6 (A3) is included and TA1, TA2 50 amino · · · TA50 and TB1, 50 of TB2 · · · TB50 Will be.

  Two counters are provided for counting these, one of which counts the propagation times TA1, TA2,... TA50, and count values CA1, CA2,. Since 50 counters are required to save, the counter values are added one by one so that CA1 + CA2 +. Similarly, another counter adds a counter value corresponding to the propagation times TB1, TB2... TB50. Accordingly, since the propagation time is obtained by dividing the obtained counter value by 50, the averaging process is performed. As a result, variations in the measured flow rate are reduced. In particular, when obtaining measurement accuracy at a small flow rate close to zero flow rate, this variation reduction by averaging is effective. On the other hand, when the flow rate is large, the influence on the accuracy is reduced even if the number of measurements of 50 is reduced.

Returning to FIG. 6 , the time TP1 (measurement interval in the packet) from the detection of the received signal waveform in FIG. 6A2 to the transmission in FIG. 6B1 and the detection of the received signal waveform in FIG. , There is a time TD1 (interval from one packet to the next packet (packet interval)) until transmission in FIG. 3A1, for example, TP1 and TD1 are each set to 5 milliseconds. Therefore, one packet requires 5.4 milliseconds in total of the ultrasonic propagation time (TA1 and TB1 ) and TP1. Further, when there are 50 packets, it takes 515 milliseconds to take into account the sampling interval of TD1 until all operations are completed. That is, in FIG. 7 , the time TM1 is 515 milliseconds. The measurement interval, that is, the sampling interval (the reciprocal of the sampling interval (time) is the sampling frequency) is represented by TS1, and when set to 2 seconds, it is possible to obtain an average flow rate value of 50 every 2 seconds. it can. However, the measurement is carried out during 2 seconds TS1, and the remaining 1485 milliseconds is a rest period.

  Since flow rate measurement using ultrasonic waves can be instantaneously measured in this way, an invention utilizing the characteristics is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-313114.

In this publication , flow analysis is performed based on instantaneously measured flow rates, and gas appliances in use are identified and detected to provide new fees and services according to the usage of gas appliances and other charges. The technology related to this is described.

In this way, when analyzing the flow rate based on the instantaneously measured flow rate, and determining the instrument or gas usage status, the shorter the sampling frequency (measurement interval), the more detailed the change in flow rate is ascertained. To be able to make more accurate judgments.
JP-A-8-122117 JP 2006-313114 A

  However, in the above configuration, there is a problem that as the sampling frequency is increased (the sampling interval is shortened), the power consumption increases and the number of measurement data to be obtained becomes enormous and the power consumption required for processing increases.

  Moreover, since the flow rate at the time of use of the instrument is characterized by a change in flow rate at the time of startup, there is a demand to capture the flow rate change immediately after startup. Therefore, if there is no flow rate, even if you try to reduce power consumption by lowering the sampling frequency (longer sampling interval), it will not be in time even if you increase the sampling frequency (shorter sampling interval) after detecting the presence of flow rate. There are challenges.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to increase the sampling frequency of the measurement (shorten the sampling interval) and grasp the change in the flow rate of the fluid in detail as much as possible. It is to provide a technology that realizes low power consumption.

Flow rate measurement apparatus of the present invention, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving unit for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, and the transmission circuit section for driving an ultrasonic transceiver, the reception circuit unit which receives a signal from the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving unit, ultrasonic A digital signal circuit unit that generates time information required for sound wave propagation, a calculation unit that calculates the flow rate, and a series of measurement operations that measure the propagation time in the direction opposite to the flow after measurement of the propagation time in the flow direction 1 packet, after measuring by packet, repeat the operation of measuring by the next packet after a predetermined time, hold the propagation time obtained in each packet, and then summarize the held propagation time And a digital signal circuit unit for transmitting to the arithmetic unit .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce power consumption required to transmit time information from the digital signal circuit unit to the arithmetic unit.

  According to the present invention, the measurement sampling frequency (measurement interval) is increased (the measurement interval is shortened), the change in the flow rate of the fluid is grasped in detail, and the determination of the instrument and the determination of the usage status of the gas are accurately performed. In addition, it can be realized with low power consumption.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a circuit block diagram of an ultrasonic flow rate measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are used for the elements common to the conventional example. Unlike the conventional example, the digital signal circuit unit 7 includes a plurality of counter units 13. Also, FIG. 2 is the TPN1 at time TP1 is the invention of the prior art is the same as that of FIG. 6 conventional example, also the difference that when during TD1 conventional example is in TDN1 the present invention. In the conventional example, for example, TP1 and TD1 are each set to 5 milliseconds. Therefore, one packet requires 5.4 milliseconds in total of the ultrasonic propagation time (TA1 and TB1 ) and TP1. In addition, when there are 50 packets, it takes 515 milliseconds to consider the sampling interval of TD1 until all operations are completed. However, in the present invention, TPN1 is 5 milliseconds and TDN1 is 35 milliseconds. Set to. Therefore, one packet requires 5.4 milliseconds in total of the ultrasonic propagation time (TA1 and TB1 ) and TPN1. Further, when there are 50 packets, 1985 milliseconds (≈2 seconds) are required in consideration of the packet interval of TDN1 until all operations are completed. We have made it clear that even if the packet interval TDN1 is increased to 35 milliseconds, the flow rate accuracy is not deteriorated, and thus such a setting is possible.

  1 stores a counter value corresponding to the propagation times TA1, TA2... TA50 and TB1, TB2,... TB50 for each packet, and therefore a counter group having a total of 100 counters. Consists of.

FIG. 3 is the same as FIG. 7 , but the measurement interval for each packet is set to 35 milliseconds in the pulse indicating the packet (A1) in the figure. Therefore, if 50 packets are repeated, it takes 1985 milliseconds. = 1985 milliseconds. When the sampling interval TS1 is 2 seconds, the measurement is performed over the whole without a pause period in one sampling interval. Compared to the conventional example, the number of packets is 50, which is the same, and the conventional example reduces the measurement variation by taking the average of the packets. However, the measurement variation does not become a problem when the flow rate generated when a gas appliance is used, but becomes a problem when a minute flow rate is measured as in the case of detecting a small gas leak. Therefore, in the case of a minute flow rate, if the flow rate obtained by the number of 50 packets is averaged, a variation accuracy equivalent to that of the conventional example can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 3 (A2), 100 counter units are used because the counter value is transmitted to the arithmetic unit 8 only once at every sampling interval. As a result, an increase in the power consumption of the circuit can be suppressed as compared with the case where the counter value is transmitted to the calculation unit 8 for each packet.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The digital data circuit 7 shown in FIG. This is a circuit unit that generates information necessary for discriminating appliances and determining the usage status of gas from the counter value. As shown in the flow characteristic of the gas fan heater in FIG. 8, the gas appliance has an inherent flow rate at the time of ignition. In the figure, the solid line is when the packet interval is 35 milliseconds, and there is a stable flow rate portion from time TK1 to TK2, and this portion is the flow rate at ignition specific to the appliance. By the way, when the sampling interval is 2 seconds, the characteristic becomes a dotted line and it is difficult to detect the flow rate at the time of ignition of the appliance. The information necessary to determine the appliance is whether there is a sudden change again after a rapid flow rate change at the start of the appliance, a stable flow rate change at the time of ignition. The existence of any change. If such a change exists, a flag is set, and the counter value and flag at the stable point at that time are transmitted to the calculation unit 8. By doing so, it is not necessary to transmit all the sampled counter values to the calculation unit 8, so that the time required for transmission can be shortened and the power consumption can be suppressed.

  As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a flow rate measuring means for making a more accurate determination when discriminating an appliance that uses a fluid and a usage state from the viewpoint of a change in flow rate value.

Block diagram of a flow rate measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention Timing chart of the flow rate measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention Timing chart of the flow rate measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention Structure diagram of flow measurement device using ultrasonic waves Block diagram of a conventional flow measurement device Measurement timing chart for conventional flow rate measurement method Measurement timing chart for conventional flow rate measurement method Diagram showing the flow characteristics of gas appliances

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Ultrasonic transmission / reception part 5 Transmission circuit part 6 Reception circuit part 7 Digital signal circuit part 8 Calculation part

Claims (1)

An ultrasonic transmission / reception unit for transmitting or receiving ultrasonic waves;
A transmission circuit section that drives the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving unit,
A receiving circuit unit for receiving a signal from the ultrasonic transmitting / receiving unit;
An arithmetic unit for calculating a flow rate;
After measuring the propagation time in the flow direction, a series of measurement operations for measuring the propagation time in the direction opposite to the flow is set as one packet. after holding repeated propagation time obtained in each packet, respectively, the flow rate measuring device and a digital signal circuit for transmitting a propagation time held summarized in Umate the arithmetic unit.