JP5451938B1 - Power generation equipment using water energy - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically generate a stable power generation even if the direction of tidal current or water flow changes, and has a simple and durable structural mechanism, and less disturbing the water flow. A power generation device using water energy that can efficiently convert the energy of the energy into electric energy is provided.
An annular fixed guide frame is attached to the outside of an ellipse-shaped installation base fixed to the sea bottom, and a rotating body is rotatably attached along the fixed guide frame. A mounting plate is mounted radially, and a flat plate is formed at the upper side of the mounting frame, slightly lighter than the specific gravity of seawater, pivotally mounted on a pressure receiving plate that generates buoyancy, and the lowering angle θ of the pressure receiving plate is horizontal. A stopper mechanism for braking the rotation is provided in an angle range from 4 ° slightly below to 90 ° which is substantially vertical, and the generator is rotated by increasing the rotation of the rotating body.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus that is installed in the sea or underwater and is effective for generating electric power by a water flow in the sea or in water, particularly by a tidal current flow in the sea.

It is no exaggeration to say that the use of renewable natural energy is a global issue.
Hydropower, wind power, solar power, geothermal heat, biotechnology, etc. are used all over the world, with technical problems solved. However, the most promising use of natural energy in the ocean has great technical challenges and few examples have been realized.
Among them, many attempts have been made worldwide for tidal current power generation, but no technology with universality has yet been reported. Based on the tidal current and water depth distribution in Japan, we decided on the drive structure method by limiting the sea area where tidal power generation would be installed. The faster the current, the better, but there are few sea areas where more than 3 knots are expected. The sea area ranging from 2 knots to 1 knot is widely distributed from the Seto Inland Sea to Kyushu. The shallow water depth is about 40m or less, the land is close, and considering the tidal power generation drive structure adapted to this sea area, the production cost and operation cost are advantageous, and its adoption and utilization are expected in a wide range.

  As for the drive structure of the tidal current power generation system, many proposals such as wind turbine propeller type, ship propeller type, Darius impeller type, Savonius impeller type, etc., fixed wing, cross flow, twisted wing, bucket conveyor type etc. Has been. Both are at the trial stage because there are merits and demerits for the severe conditions of the sea, and they are not in the range of utilization.

  As a simple structure with the lowest manufacturing cost, there is a ground water turbine model that has been used since ancient times. However, if an open horizontal shaft single-sided water wheel is tilted sideways and submerged in running water, it will not turn as it is. Therefore, if the water flow is applied only to one side using a water guide plate here, it rotates. This is a cross-flow type, but the installation of the water guide plate at the actual sea level is not realized because it is a fixed type, a movable type, and the cost is excessive.

As an improved water turbine blade type power generator, there is an invention described in Patent Document 1, which is provided with a plurality of blades evenly around the entire circumference of a rotating body, and the blades are raised within a predetermined range by a stopper portion. In this structure, a fluid receiving plate is formed to guide the fluid to send the fluid to the fluid receiving portion of the blade such that the blade is tilted in the opposite angular range.
However, in this water turbine blade type power generation device, it is determined that the fluid cannot always be guided to the fluid receiving part in the sea where the flow direction of the fluid is reversed or the direction of the fluid is changed, and the power generation becomes unstable.

  Separately, a gear mechanism is used so that a plurality of radial blades are mounted on a rotating body, and a part of the blade mounting angle is perpendicular to the flow and the opposite blade is parallel to the flow. A wind turbine that can be used in the above is disclosed in Patent Document 2. However, the blade attachment angle adjustment mechanism is complicated, and when used for many years, it is determined that it will fail due to the force acting on the blade and long-term stable operation is difficult. In addition, it is judged that efficient energy generation is difficult due to a large energy loss due to the blade mounting angle adjusting mechanism.

  Currently, there is a need to develop a tidal power generator drive structure that adapts to the conditions of the target sea area. The sea conditions are such that the tidal velocity is 2 to 1 knot and the water depth is about -40m to -10m. Furthermore, it must be a simple structure that does not require special mechanisms such as a cross-flow water guide plate or a propeller-type swivel mechanism for changes in the tidal direction. In addition, in order to adopt and utilize a wide range, the power generation capacity can support 100 kW, 500 kW, furthermore 1000 kW, 2000 kW, etc. Ultimately, it minimizes the power generation cost, and has a simple structure with the lowest manufacturing cost. It is expected that it will be possible to respond to changes in the direction of the tidal current and ensure that it can generate electricity without requiring special technology and accuracy.

  In the invention described in Patent Document 3, a plurality of horizontal horizontal shafts are radially attached to a vertical shaft provided so as to sink in water, and the rotary blades are swingably suspended from the horizontal shafts. By braking from one horizontal to a vertical angle range with two stoppers and making this rotary blade into a plate or wing shape, it becomes substantially horizontal by the lift from the water flow at the 270 ° phase clockwise toward the upstream of the water. The drag force from the rotor is reduced, the difference in water drag at the opposite 90 ° phase acting on the rotating blades is increased to generate a strong torque in the right direction, and the generator is rotated by the torque to generate power. It is something to be made.

However, in the invention of Patent Document 3, the certainty of holding the rotary blade substantially horizontally is low. In order to keep the rotating blades substantially horizontal at a phase of 270 °, a water flow of a predetermined speed or more is required. At a low flow velocity or at the beginning of rotation, the lift from the water is weak, and the horizontal The rotating blade is less likely to swing in the direction. Further, when the phase is 180 °, the lift from the water is weak and the force of the rotating blades swinging in the horizontal direction is weak, and it is difficult to become horizontal when the phase is 270 °. Further, when the flow velocity direction of the water flow changes, the rotary blade tends to swing up and down.
Thus, the certainty of becoming horizontal is low, and it is difficult to expect generation of strong rotational torque.
Further, in the invention of Patent Document 3, the horizontal shaft is directly attached to the vertical vertical shaft having a small diameter, and the rotational torque acting on the rotary blade is concentrated on the sandwiching / joining portion between the horizontal shaft and the vertical shaft. Therefore, the horizontal shaft is easily damaged at the mounting position and cannot withstand a large rotational torque (power generation amount). Further, the distance between the hydrodynamic center of the rotary blade and the vertical shaft cannot be made long, and it is judged that it is difficult to generate a large rotational torque (power generation amount).

JP 2012-2220 A Japanese Patent No. 4717966 No. 3-76448 microfilm

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems and disadvantages of the conventional power generation apparatus using ocean currents and water currents, and with a simple structure, it can operate reliably with long-term durability, and also tidal currents・ Even if the direction of the water flow is reversed, and even if the flowing water changes from the main water flow direction, it can automatically respond so that there is no decrease in power generation. An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation device using water current energy that is less disturbed and that can efficiently convert water current energy into rotational energy and power generation energy. In particular, the present invention provides a power generation apparatus suitable for a power generation apparatus that uses a tidal current in a sea area close to land where the water depth is shallow.

The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) An installation base having an elliptical outer shape of the cross section fixed in the sea or water is provided, and the major axis direction of the elliptical installation base is the main flow direction of the water flow in the sea or water. Set up in such a way that a plurality of annular fixed guide frames are provided vertically on the outside of the installation table, and the rotating body is rotatably attached to the fixed guide frame and the rotation axis of the rotating body is installed in the sea or Set in a vertical direction that is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the water flow in the water, mount multiple mounting frames radially along the circumference from the same rotating body, and receive flat plate pressure on the upper side that is eccentric from the rotation axis of the mounting frame Install one end of the plate in a swingable manner and set the specific gravity of the pressure plate divided by the mass of fresh water of 4 ° C of its volume to be slightly smaller than the specific gravity of the seawater or water to be So that buoyancy can be generated in the pressure plate. In addition, the angle range of oscillation of each pressure receiving plate is a predetermined lowering angle θ at which the pressure receiving plate is tilted so that the free end side of the pressure receiving plate is slightly below the surface of the rotation locus around the rotation axis of one end on the pressure receiving plate mounting side. Generator for generating electric power by rotation with respect to the mounting base of the rotating body, provided with restraining means for limiting the swing so that the pressure receiving plate is in an angular range to the lowest position of the free end that is substantially in the rotational axis direction of the rotating body Is installed in the installation base, and the output power of the generator is wired to transmit power to the land, sea, or surface hull near the installation base. Power generation device 2 that uses water energy to reliably generate power by rotating the rotating body with the buoyancy of the plate and the restraining means 2) The mounting frame connects the upper and lower horizontal frames to the upper and lower horizontal frames. Multiple vertical frames The pressure receiving plate is pivotally attached to the upper end of the horizontal frame, and the restraining means is attached to the upper end of the horizontal frame and pushes the pressure receiving plate downward to prevent it from approaching the horizontal from a predetermined lowering angle θ. And a power generation device using water energy as described in 1) above, which has a stopper mechanism for preventing it from rotating more than 90 °. 3) The specific gravity of seawater or river water in which the specific gravity of the pressure plate is installed. The power generation apparatus 4) using the energy of the water flow according to 1) or 2), wherein the pressure plate has a lowering angle θ of 3 ° to 6 ° and is 0.95 to 0.99 times. The water flow according to any one of the above 1) to 3), in which a traveling tube with an openable / closable lid is provided on the top of the base plate so that a person can enter and exit the installation base where the upper end of the tube is not submerged even at the highest water level of the sea or river. Power generation equipment that uses the energy of A part of the inside of the base is hollow, generating large buoyancy in the water, and anchoring the anchor weight dropped from the installation base to the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the water, and rotating with a fixed guide frame attached to the installation base Fix the generator in the sea and underwater by balancing the downward force due to the weight of the generator and other equipment placed in the body, mounting frame, pressure plate and installation table, the tensile force of the wedge and the buoyancy of the installation table. The power generator 6 using the energy of the water flow according to any one of 1) to 4) above, and 1) to 5) including a forced stop device capable of forcibly stopping the rotation of the rotating body / mounting frame and pressure receiving plate. The power generation device using the energy of the water flow described in any one of 7) The forced stop device fixes the lowering angle of the pressure receiving plate near the horizontal in the angle range close to the predetermined downward angle θ or horizontal θ = 0 °. Fixed to angle δ and will not swing A plurality of air cylinders provided between the pressure receiving plate and the mounting frame, an air tank provided in a mounting frame that sends operating air to the air cylinder, and an air supply that sends air from the air tank to the air cylinder Mounted with the uppermost rotating body that switches the air to the air cylinder so that it can be placed in the fixed state where the pressure receiving plate is fixed at a fixed angle δ and the upper limit swing angle of the lowering angle θ is limited. An open / close control valve attached to the upper position of the frame, and an annular structure that changes the radial position of the valve shaft end that rotates the open / close control valve. The structure can be bent and changed in the circumferential direction. In order to hold the valve shaft guide frame in a radial direction so as to project radially from the installation base or the fixed guide frame or the bracket connecting them, A plurality of guide frame holding air cylinders and an operation panel provided in an installation base for controlling the guide frame holding air cylinders. is there.

  According to the present invention, the plurality of pressure receiving plates that are swingably attached to the upper end of the mounting frame that is radially attached from the rotating body is formed by the pressure received from the water flow, the gravity / buoyancy of the pressure receiving plate, and the rotation of the pressure receiving plate. The pressure phase is the rotational phase of the pressure plate (hereinafter, the phase angle of the mounting frame where the protruding direction of the mounting frame indicates the upstream direction of the water flow is 0 °, and the pressure plate is the force of the water flow and its free end is The rotation angle from 0 ° when the mounting frame / pressure-receiving plate is rotated in a direction (hereinafter referred to as a positive rotation direction) that is pushed down and stopped substantially vertically is referred to as a rotation phase angle). The rotational torque is constantly obtained by changing the power balance.

The pressure receiving plate in a rotational phase of 90 ° where the flow direction of the water flow and the direction of the mounting frame are orthogonal and 45 ° to 90 ° and 90 ° to 135 ° before and after that receives a strong receiving pressure from the water flow. It acts to rotate the free end of the pressure receiving plate in the downstream direction. In the vicinity of the orthogonal phase of 90 °, the pressure plate is rotated so that the free end of the pressure plate is close to the lowest position, but the pressure plate is held substantially vertical by the restraining means, and strong from the water flow acting on the pressure plate in this phase. The pressure-receiving pressure gives a high rotational torque to rotate the rotating body in the normal rotation direction (clockwise toward the upstream side of the water) via the mounting frame.
At the other phase around 270 °, the pressure receiving plate is attached so that its free end is in the horizontal direction against the force of its own weight due to the pressure receiving drag from the water flow, buoyancy, rotation and the pressure lifting force by the water flow. The restraining means is restrained by a lowering angle θ of a light inclination angle at which the free end is slightly lowered from the horizontal (upper rotation trajectory plane). Therefore, in this phase, the force acting on the pressure receiving plate is small by being substantially parallel to the flow direction of the water flow, and the generation of force (drag) that rotates the mounting frame / rotating body in the direction opposite to the normal rotation direction is weak. The rotational torque to be rotated in the opposite direction opposite to the normal rotation is very small. See FIGS.

Further, in the intermediate phase range of 135 ° to 225 ° and 315 ° to 0 ° to 45 °, the pressure receiving plate in the range is in a floating state that is neither vertical nor horizontal, and the generation of rotational torque is small. In addition, there is little occurrence of torque resistance that hinders rotation in the positive direction.
Therefore, the pressure receiving plate of the present invention is rotated in the forward rotation direction by the strong rotational torque generated at the phase of 45 ° to 135 °, the mounting frame / rotary body is reliably rotated, and the power generation of the generator is ensured.
Even when the direction of the water flow is changed, a rotational torque due to strong water pressure is generated at a rotation phase of 45 to 135 ° with respect to the water flow, and the rotating body can reliably rotate to generate power.
The transition of the pressure receiving plate to the rotational phase of 90 °, 270 ° (vertical state or horizontal state) in the middle of the rotational phase of 135 ° to 225 ° and 315 ° to 0 ° to 45 ° causes the pressure receiving plate to move more than 90 °. Smooth movement can be achieved by force from water by restraining at a slight lowering angle θ, buoyancy, lift from water by rotational speed, and the like.

  According to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 20, since the outer shape of the cross section of the installation table is elliptical, and the major axis direction of the elliptical shape of the installation table is the flow direction of the water flow, it passes through the installation table. The water flow at the swivel position of the pressure receiving plate is in a laminar flow state where there is no turbulence, so that the force from the water flow received by the pressure receiving plate is not disturbed and a stable and large force can be secured. .

  The rotating body, the mounting frame, and the pressure receiving plate rotate around the center of the rotating body. Although the installation base is elliptical, an annular fixed guide frame outside the installation base is provided, and a rotating body is rotatably attached to this, so that the pressure receiving plate can smoothly move circularly on the elliptical installation base. I was able to do it.

  According to the present invention, the structure of the rotation mechanism is an installation base, a fixed guide frame, a rotating body, a mounting frame, a pressure receiving plate that is swingably mounted on the mounting frame, an upper stopper, a lower stopper, and the like. Since it is simple, there are few failures, it can operate reliably, and it can be made inexpensive and durable.

Drawing 1 is an explanatory view showing the installation state in the sea of an example. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an attachment structure of the installation base, the fixed guide frame, the rotating body, and the attachment frame according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the mounting structure of the mounting base and the mounting frame of the embodiment. FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the rotating body and the long shaft side rotating body and the mounting frame of the upper stage of the embodiment into the installation table. FIG. 5 is an enlarged explanatory view showing the attachment structure of the rotating body and the attachment frame on the short axis side of the middle stage of the embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a structure of the rotating body, the lateral frame, the reinforcing lateral frame, the leg portion, the traveling shoe, and the guide groove according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the pressure receiving plate of the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing attachment of the pressure receiving plate to the horizontal frame. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the mounting structure of the bearing portion of the pivot shaft of the pressure receiving plate. FIG. 10 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a structure for swingably mounting the pressure receiving plate on the mounting frame of the embodiment. FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a restraining means and a forced stopping means for the swing angle of the pressure receiving plate. FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a stop state of the pressure receiving plate at 90 ° vertical. FIG. 13 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a locked state with a lower stopper at a lower portion of the pressure receiving plate. FIG. 14 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the rotating body of the embodiment into the installation table in plan view. FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing the control by the guide frame holding cylinder of the valve shaft guide frame for controlling the switching valve. FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a holding state of the annular valve shaft guide frame by the guide frame holding cylinder. FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing the movement of the annular valve shaft guide frame. FIG. 18 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a traffic tube of the installation table of the embodiment. FIG. 19 is an enlarged plan view showing the arrangement of the passing cylinders on the deck of the installation table of the embodiment. FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the posture of the pressure receiving plate of the embodiment during rotation. FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing another example of the form of the installation base of the sea bottom installation according to the present invention.

  The direction of the rotation axis of the rotating body of the present invention is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the maximum underwater / underwater flow velocity, and the tidal current / water flow direction and the pressure receiving plate are substantially perpendicular to each other at 90 ° of the rotational phase. To be. In general, tidal currents and water currents are often almost parallel to the sea floor and the bottom of the water. Therefore, the axis of rotation of the rotating body is often in a vertical direction perpendicular to the ground of the sea bottom and the bottom of the water.

As the installation stand of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 21, a frame type in the shape of an elliptic cylinder placed on the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the water and fixed, and the bottom of the sea or A type of structure suspended in the sea or underwater moored with an anchor on the bottom of the water, and a mount type suspended from the aerial structure (bridge, underwater tower, etc.) on the surface of the sea or water to the sea or underwater, or the sea -There are moored floating bodies that float on the surface of the water, and mounting base types that are suspended from the hull into the sea and water.
In addition, the installation stand and the upper passing tube have a waterproof pressure structure according to the water depth.
Furthermore, if the mounting frame is provided with a plurality of pressure receiving plates in the vertical direction, the rotational torque and the output power can be increased several times, and a high power generation amount can be obtained. The amount of power generation can be changed according to the number of stages.

The outer shape of the installation stand of the present invention is an elliptical shape, and the major axis direction is the main water flow direction of the sea / water to be installed. The direction of the tide flow in the sea varies with time. In this case, the direction in which the flow direction of the water flow is large in time is defined as the “main water flow direction”. Alternatively, when the water flow energy in a time zone with a high flow velocity is mainly used, the direction of the water flow in that time zone is defined as the “main direction”. As a result, the long axis direction of the installation table is substantially parallel to the water flow direction, the resistance of the water received by the installation table is reduced, the water flow is disturbed by the installation table, and the occurrence of vortices is reduced. The water flow at the position is close to a laminar flow, and the efficiency of the rotational torque energy extracted from the pressure receiving plate is increased. Moreover, even if the flow of water is reversed due to tidal flow, it is possible to generate power efficiently as well.
The `` elliptical shape '' of the installation base of the present invention includes not only an accurate elliptical shape but also a flat shape, not a precise elliptical shape, or a streamline shape, and has little resistance to the flow of water, It has a shape that is long and short in length and breadth with little turbulence and vortex generation in the water flow around the installation base.

  The mounting frame of the present invention is a member projecting radially from the rotating body in a direction substantially parallel to the ground of the seabed or the bottom of the water. Since the mounting frame is loaded with a force from the pressure receiving plate, the rotating body has one end. The mounting frame preferably has a plurality of upper and lower horizontal frames and a plurality of vertical frames that connect the upper and lower horizontal frames, and has low water resistance and high strength for rotation of the mounting frame. It is.

  The pressure-receiving plate of the present invention uses a metal plate or a plastic plate that is not easily damaged as the front and back surface materials, and is filled with a foamed resin material or a honeycomb material, so that the specific gravity of the pressure-receiving plate is 1.01-1. The ratio of seawater or river water having a specific gravity of about 05 to the specific gravity of water is preferably slightly smaller than 1.0 and in the range of 0.95 to 0.99. When the ratio is smaller than 0.95, the buoyancy increases, and the force that the pressure receiving plate becomes horizontal becomes stronger, so that it becomes a vertical state slowly at a phase of 0 ° to 90 °, and becomes horizontal immediately after the phase of 90 °. As a result, the torque generated by the pressure receiving plate is reduced. Further, when the flow velocity of the water flow / tide is low, the buoyancy is stronger and the rotating body is difficult to start automatically. On the other hand, if the ratio exceeds 0.99, the buoyancy is weakened and the pressure receiving plate is hardly placed in a horizontal state. In particular, it is difficult to become horizontal near the phase angle of 270 °, the water resistance of the pressure receiving plate near 270 ° increases, the rotational torque to rotate in the opposite direction increases, and the generated torque also decreases. Therefore, the ratio is preferably 0.95 to 0.99. The smaller the ratio is, the larger the lowering angle θ needs to be increased. The pressure receiving plate may be a composite plate of a plastic plate lighter than the specific gravity of seawater / river water 1.00 to 1.05 and a heavy metal / ceramic.

  The generator according to the present invention is provided in an installation base, is housed in a waterproof hollow space, and has a structure in which the rotating force of the rotating body with respect to the installation base is rotated via the speed increasing gear mechanism. It is common.

  The mounting method of the pressure receiving plate of the present invention at the upper end of the mounting frame may be either a hinge or a pivot, as long as the pressure receiving plate can swing around the upper end of the mounting frame.

  As a representative means for restraining the pressure receiving plate according to the present invention, a lower stopper for locking the free end of the pressure receiving plate in a substantially vertical state in the axial direction of the rotating body is provided at the lower end portion of the mounting frame. With the upper stopper provided at the upper end, the pressure receiving plate is brought into an inclination angle (lowering angle) state of the pressure receiving plate of about 3 ° to 6 ° whose free end is slightly lower than the horizontal. As a means for restraining the lower stopper and the upper stopper, a mechanism other than the structure of the embodiment can be adopted.

  If the setting angle of the pressure plate lowering angle θ is too small, the pressure plate does not become vertical at a rotation phase of 0 ° to 90 ° or becomes too vertical at a rotation phase of 90 °. Tends to be smaller. On the other hand, if the lowering angle θ is too large, a strong flow resistance acts on the pressure receiving plate at a phase of 270 °, and a large rotational torque in the reverse direction acts to reduce the overall rotational torque. Therefore, in order to make a smooth transition of the pressure plate 90 ° to the vertical rotation phase and a small resistance at the 270 ° rotation phase, the lowering angle θ of the pressure plate is limited to an angle range of about 3 ° to 6 °. It is good to do.

Approximately, if t is the average thickness of the pressure receiving plate, ρ is the density of water, and the flow velocity of the tidal current to be started is Vs, the downward force that pushes down the pressure receiving plate with the inclination angle θ at the 90 ° phase of the pressure receiving plate = 1/2 * ρ * Cd * A * Vs ² * tan θ and the ratio X of buoyancy = 9.8 * A * t * ρ * (1-specific pressure plate / specific gravity of water) is 90 ° or less The value of 1.3 or more is required to increase the downward force with a margin greater than the buoyancy at the phase of, and the ratio X of the downward force to the buoyancy is preferably set to 2.7 or less in order to strongly suppress the flowing water resistance at the 270 ° phase. I found out that That is,
X = Vs ² * tan θ / (t * 9.8 * (1-specific gravity of pressure plate / specific gravity of water))
1.3 <X <2.7
In this embodiment, the lowering angle θ satisfying the inequality of X is 3 ° to 3 m, where t = 0.1 m, Vs = 0.5 m / s, and the pressure plate specific gravity / water specific gravity ratio is 0.99. It has been found that 4 ° ± 0.5 is most preferable at about 6 °.

When the specific gravity of the pressure plate and the ratio of water is 0.99, the lowering angle (hereinafter also referred to as the tilt angle) θ of the upper limit swing angle of the pressure plate is preferably about 4 °, and the range of 3 ° to 6 ° is effective. This will be explained specifically.
・ Low flow rate at startup 0.5m / s
・ Volume of unit area of pressure plate (1.0m × 1.0m × 0.1m)
-Ratio of pressure plate specific gravity to water specific gravity 0.99
・ Seawater density 1,020 kg / m ³
It demonstrates on said conditions. From well-known hydrodynamics, buoyancy and drag are the following values:
Buoyancy = (1.0 m × 1.0 m × 0.1 m) × (1.00−0.99) × 1,020 * 9.8 = 9.996 [N] = 1.02 [kgf]
The drag D per unit area of the vertical flat plate is a value of the following formula. Cd is 2.0 for a vertical flat plate.
Drag D = 1/2 × 1,020 kg / m ³ × A × V ² × Cd [N] = 255 [N] = 26 [kgf]
The downward force acting on the pressure receiving plate due to the drag D can be approximated by tan θ of the drag D.
Downward force at an inclination angle of 2 ° = D × tan2 ° (0.03) = 0.78 kgf
Downward force at an inclination angle of 3 ° = D × tan 3 ° (0.05) = 1.30 kgf
Downward force at an inclination of 4 ° = D × tan 4 ° (0.07) = 1.82 kgf
Downward force at an inclination of 5 ° = D × tan 5 ° (0.09) = 2.37 kgf
Downward force at an inclination of 6 ° = D × tan 6 ° (0.11) = 2.86 kgf
Downward force at an inclination of 7 ° = D × tan 7 ° (0.12) = 3.12 kgf
The evaluation standard for the appropriate angle of the tilt angle (lowering angle) θ is that the lower force acting on the pressure receiving plate at 90 ° phase exceeds the buoyancy with a margin, and the second is pressure receiving at the phase 270 ° phase. The rotational torque in the counter-rotating direction acting on the plate is not large, and it is possible to secure a large rotational torque in the effective positive rotational direction as a whole.

With a downward force of 0.78 at an inclination angle of 2 °, the pressure receiving plate does not become vertical below buoyancy of 1.02.
With a downward force of 1.30 at an inclination of 3 °, there is little margin for buoyancy of 1.02 + rotating section resistance (about 15%).
A downward force of 1.82 at an inclination angle of 4 ° is preferable because there is an appropriate margin for buoyancy of 1.02 + rotating portion resistance (about 15%).
The downward force 2.37 at an inclination angle of 5 ° has excessive force, and the torque in the counter-rotating direction around the phase 270 ° increases.
The downward force 2.86 at an inclination angle of 6 ° is too large, and the torque in the counter-rotating direction is large and difficult to rotate.
The downward force 3.12 with an inclination angle of 7 ° is too large, and the torque in the counter-rotating direction is excessive and difficult to rotate, resulting in insufficient rotational torque.
In conclusion, an inclination angle of 3 ° to 6 ° is estimated as an optimum value within the above conditions. It can be seen that the practical range is an inclination of 3 ° to 6 °, preferably 4 ° ± 0.5 °.
If it is lower than 3 °, the downward force does not exceed the buoyancy, and the pressure receiving plate is difficult to rotate down.
On the other hand, if the angle exceeds 6 °, the downward force has too much room to increase the torque in the counter-rotating direction. The overall rotational torque is reduced, and the amount of power that can be generated is greatly reduced.
On the pressure receiving opposite side (rotation phase 180 ° to 360 °), the drag received by the projected area of the water receiving plate works in the counter-rotating direction, increasing the torque in the counter-rotating direction.

  In the present invention, the main feature is to make the pressure receiving plate of the waterwheel tilted sideways into a flap type. The pressure plate is swingably mounted at the upper end of the mounting frame, which is a rotating blade girder. The specific gravity of the pressure plate is about 0.95 to 0.99 times the specific gravity of seawater / river water so that it floats slightly. . The stop means stops the rotation at the set lower angle θ position so as not to become horizontal or more, and stops the rotation at a position around 90 degrees. In the low speed region where the water flow rate is 0 to 0.5 knot, the generation of force due to the water flow is small, and all the pressure receiving plates are substantially horizontal due to buoyancy, and the pressure receiving plate does not rotate because it is not subjected to water pressure. When the lowering angle θ is 4 °, the downward force due to the water pressure that hits the surface at an initial angle of about 4 to 5 degrees from around 0.8 knots overcomes the buoyancy of the pressure receiving plate, and rotates the pressure receiving plate downward. Stopped by the restraining means, the pressure receiving plate becomes perpendicular to the water flow and receives a strong water pressure. The pressure receiving plate / rotary body rotates continuously by transmitting the pressure receiving pressure to the mounting frame.

Next, a special mechanism is not required for changes in the tidal current direction, and it can be automatically handled only by the flap pressure receiving plate, and the rotating body can be rotated in any tidal current direction.
As a result, the rotation direction of the pressure receiving plate is always kept constant even when the flow direction changes.

As a means of adapting to the sea area where the tidal velocity is 2 knots to 1 knot and the water depth is about -40 m to -10 m, the propeller type and the Darius wing type are first used. Is a method based on the theory that the amount of power generation is proportional to the square of the blade diameter and the cube of the flow velocity. Furthermore, since the rotation axis of the blade is the horizontal axis and the support is upright, A fast flow rate is a requirement.
Compared to this, the present invention has a structure adapted to the shallow water depth and low-velocity sea area. Therefore, based on the approximate theory of underwater turbine on land: power generation = turbine diameter × water flow rate / second × efficiency / coefficient Corresponds to a horizontal turbine that rotates horizontally. Use parallel direct pressure / drag instead of lift perpendicular to the flow direction of the wing theory. Compared to the propeller system where the pressure receiving area is the entire circumference of the blade rotation, it can compensate for the pressure receiving area becoming a half rotation, and the target power generation amount can be set freely with the diameter of the turbine wheel and the size of the pressure receiving plate it can. As a result, the structure can be adapted to the low tidal velocity, shallow water depth and other real conditions.

Next, set the approximate dimensions of the water turbine to achieve the target power generation. Basically, it is based on the approximate theory of the underwater turbine mentioned above, but it is set by taking into account other theoretical formulas, margin, balance, etc. At 1000 kW, when the turbine diameter is 50 m, the turbine blade width is 10 m at a flow rate of 1 knot and 5 m at a flow rate of 2 knots. At 2000 kW, when the turbine diameter is 80 m, the turbine blade width is 12 m at a flow rate of 1 knot and 6 m at a flow rate of 2 knots. At 100 kW, when the turbine diameter is 10 m, the turbine blade width is 5 m at a flow rate of 1 knot and 3 m at a flow rate of 2 knots.
As mentioned above, it is quite long like an offshore structure, but it can be sufficiently realized by careful structural calculations and planning of the rotation speed and speed increasing mechanism.

  The installation table, the rotating body, the rotation speed, the speed increasing mechanism, and the like can be achieved within the existing well-known technology. Also, the strength of each member can be ensured by using appropriate materials, dimensions, ribs, etc., and can be put to practical use. Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a mechanism for stopping the rotation of the rotating body, the mounting frame, and the pressure receiving plate for the inspection, repair, safety, etc. of the power generation apparatus installed in the sea / water of the present invention. As the mechanism, a forced stop device that can forcibly fix the lowering angle θ (about 3 ° to 6 °) of the upper limit of the pressure receiving plate to a small angle δ that is almost horizontal such as 0 ° by using power during operation. The pressure receiving plate is in a posture that is substantially parallel to the flow of the water so that rotational torque is not generated. Can be easily stopped. An example of the forced stop device is described in the following embodiment, but it is also effective to provide a mechanical stopper.

Finally, it is necessary to take measures for stabilizing the posture of the power generation device of the present invention in tidal currents and flowing water. Estimate at a tidal velocity of 2.0 knots to study the anchor cable system for fishing grounds. As a result of trial calculation by setting approximate dimensions and weight of the 1000 kW type, setting the overall buoyancy, the weight of the anchor, and the position of the anchor cable to the numerical values obtained by the calculation stabilizes.
Measures with a sufficient margin are required in a rapid tide area of 2.0 knots or more. Typhoon waves can be stabilized by sinking the entire tidal current generator to 3.0 m below the low tide level. The tsunami countermeasure will be examined separately. The seafloor fixing method is easier to stabilize than the anchor cable method. A 2000 kW type power generator is also possible.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Example)
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 20 is an example of a 2000 kW type power generation apparatus in which the total weight installed by the anchor cable system in the sea at a depth of about 40 m is 440 t and the buoyancy of the installation base is about 800 t. The elliptical cylindrical installation base is hollowed inside, and an annular fixed guide frame is fixed to the upper, middle and lower stages of the outer periphery of the installation base with brackets, and an annular rotating body is attached to the fixed guide frame. Install it so that it can circulate along the fixed guide frame. Eight sets of radial mounting frames (consisting of a multi-stage horizontal frame, a vertical frame connecting the upper and lower frames, a reinforcing horizontal frame, and a connecting member thereof) are attached to the rotating body, and the upper and middle stages of each mounting frame are mounted. Three horizontal rows of pressure receiving plates are attached to the upper end of the horizontal frame so as to be swingable in two stages. As for the rocking angle range of the pressure receiving plate during the power generation operation, the upper limit lowering angle θ is 4 °, and the vertical range is 90 °.

Next, this installation base has a large buoyancy of about 800 tons with the upper half as a hollow chamber, and a plurality of windlass are placed inside the installation table under the seawater, and the lower end of the wedge wound around the windlass. An anchor weight with a buoyancy tank is attached to and placed as an anchor on the sea floor. The buoyancy of the installation base and the anchoring force by the anchor weight and the self-weight of the fixed guide frame, rotating body, mounting frame, pressure receiving plate and the downward force, upward force, and rotational force from there are balanced. The mounting frame and pressure plate are held in the sea.
The installation base has a diameter of about 14 m in the major axis direction, a diameter in the direction of the minor axis of about 10 m and a height of 14 m, and the interior is partitioned in the middle.

(Mounting frame structure)
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, each mounting frame protruded in the radial direction from the rotating body in 45 ° increments in the radial direction is divided into three upper and lower horizontal frames and upper and lower horizontal frames. A vertical frame connected to each other, an auxiliary horizontal frame that is substantially the same height as the horizontal frame of each step and protrudes in the radial direction near the horizontal frame, and the auxiliary horizontal frame and the horizontal frame have two long sides of a triangle. It consists of a connecting material that is connected as it is, and has a strong structural strength. The horizontal frame has an outer shape with a flat cross section to reduce the resistance of water, and the air cylinder, the mounting arm of the bearing portion, the lower stopper, etc. are easy to be firmly attached without rotational deviation. Further, a leg portion and a running shoe are attached to the lower portion of the rotating body portion provided with the mounting frames so as to run along the guide groove of the fixed guide frame. The rotating body, the mounting frame, and the pressure receiving plate can move around the fixed guide frame.

Each of the pressure receiving plates is 6.5 m × 5 m and the maximum thickness is about 0.3 m as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, and a common pivot shaft is welded to the tip of the pressure receiving plates in three horizontal rows. Are connected to each of the upper horizontal frame or the middle horizontal frame of the mounting frame, and a bearing portion for rotatably holding the pivot shaft of the pressure receiving plate is fixedly attached so that the pressure receiving plate can swing at its upper end.
Then, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 13, the angle regulating arm fixed to the pivot shaft of the pressure receiving plate is attached so as to protrude toward the horizontal frame, and the angle of the arm (the rocking angle of the pressure receiving plate) is set to the horizontal. It is regulated by a pressure piece and a link plate attached to cylinder rods of a pair of upper and lower air cylinders attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the frame. “0” mode position state of the power generation mode in which the arm of the pivot shaft of the pressure receiving plate is rotatable by 4 ° to 90 ° and “1” mode position state in which the fixed lowering angle δ is set to “4 °” Similarly, the fixed lowering angle δ is set to “0 °”, and the three mode positions in the “2” mode position state are made possible by the advance and retreat amounts of the cylinder rods of the upper and lower air cylinders. Note that the pressure plate is held at the vertical 90 ° position in the “0” mode so that it does not rotate more than 90 ° by abutting against the lower stoppers provided in the middle and lower horizontal frames of the mounting frame. A switching valve provided at the uppermost position of the mounting frame controls the stroke amount of the upper and lower air cylinders.

  The position of the valve shaft of the switching valve is controlled as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 in which 16 rods are radially arranged on the outer periphery of the fixed mounting base or bracket, and the rods advance and retract independently in the radial direction. A guide holding air cylinder provided so that it can be hung by the tip of the cylinder rod of the 16 guide holding air cylinders, and a circular and downward “U” shape whose radius can be changed somewhat by the advance and retreat of the cylinder rod The travel shoe attached to the valve shaft end of the switching valve is rotated with the rotating body and placed in the non-rotating valve shaft guide frame, and the travel shoe at the valve shaft end is valved. The position of the valve shaft end can be changed by the stroke position of the valve shaft guide frame by contact with the inner surface of the shaft guide frame. That is, the control of the switching valve mounted on the rotating mounting frame is made possible by the rod advance / retreat control of the guide holding air cylinder on the fixed installation base side.

  The switching valve is mounted on the uppermost stage of the mounting frame, and each mounting frame has one switching valve. The air of the switching valve regulates the angle of the pressure receiving plate that is swingably mounted on the upper and middle horizontal frames. They are sent to the air cylinders attached to the upper and middle horizontal frames to control them.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the valve shaft guide frame is adjacent to an arcuate and U-shaped guide body having a downward cross-sectional shape arranged in the circumferential direction at the upper position of the uppermost rotating body. It consists of an intermediate telescopic guide frame with a telescopic sheath joint structure in which the lengths in the circumferential direction can be changed by sliding between the matching guide main bodies and both ends are rotatably connected to the ends of the guide main body. The tips of the two-stage extendable cylinder rods of 16 guide holding air cylinders fixed to the upper part of the installation table are connected to the upper surface of the guide frame main body.

(Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings)
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. Reference numeral 1 denotes an elliptic cylindrical installation base having a major axis direction outer diameter of 14 m, a minor axis direction outer diameter of 10 m, and a height of 14 m. Is hollow, and a rotation transmission mechanism D for transmitting the rotational force of the rotating body, a generator H, a power distribution device C, an air conditioner A, a control panel B, and the like are arranged inside the upper half. 1b is a pair of traffic tubes that protrude long upwards from the deck of the installation table 1. There is a waterproof open / close lid at the upper end, and there is a staircase inside. There is a person inside the upper half of the installation table from the sea surface. You can go in and out. 1c is a plurality of windlass provided at the bottom of the lower half of the installation base 1; 1d is an anchor wound around the windlass; 1e is an anchor provided with a floating tank 1f attached to the lower end of the same; It is a weight.

  1, 2, 18, and 19, and 2 is an annular fixed guide frame provided at the upper, middle, and lower positions on the outer side of the elliptical installation base 1, and 2 a is the same fixed guide. The bracket that supports the frame on the outer peripheral wall of the installation base 1 is short in the long axis direction and long in the short axis direction. 2b is an annular guide groove of the fixed guide frame 2 provided at the tip of the bracket, 3 is an annular rotator provided above the positions of the upper, middle and lower fixed guide frames 2 and is made of H-shaped steel. It is a sideways ring shape, 3a is a leg provided at the lower part of the same rotating body, 3b is a travel made of a material having a low sliding resistance such as polytetrafluoroethylene attached below the leg. It is a shoe and is restrained in the guide groove 2 b of the fixed guide frame 2 so that the rotating body 3 can move around the fixed guide frame 2. 3c is a rack gear for transmitting the rotation of the rotating body provided inside the upper rotating body 3 to a fixed installation base.

  In the figure, reference numerals are particularly shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, wherein 4 is a horizontal length of 15 m and is set to 7 m and 7 m radially attached to the outside of the rotating body 3 every 45 °. 14m high mounting frame, 4a is the upper horizontal frame, 4b is the middle horizontal frame, 4c is the lower horizontal frame, 4d is the upper, middle and lower horizontal frames connected vertically. Three rows of vertical frames and 4 e are mounting bolts for fixing the horizontal frame of the mounting frame 4 to the side surface of the rotating body 3. Reference numeral 4p designates a bearing portion for rotatably supporting the pivot shaft 6c of the three pressure receiving plates 5 in the horizontal row on each of the upper horizontal frame 4a and the middle horizontal frame 4b, and 4q indicates that the bearing portion is attached to the frame by welding. It is an arm.

  Reference numerals 4h, 4i, and 4j denote upper, middle, and lower reinforcing horizontal frames provided on the rotating body 3 in the vicinity of the upper, middle, and lower horizontal frames 4a, 4b, and 4c. A leg portion 3a to which a traveling shoe 3b that travels in the fixed guide groove 2b is attached is provided at the position of the rotating body to which 4i and 4j are attached. The leading ends of the reinforcing horizontal frames 4h, 4i, 4j are close to the leading ends of the horizontal frames 4a, 4b, 4c, and form a triangular shape with the mounting interval between the horizontal frame, the reinforcing horizontal frame, and the rotating body, and the horizontal frames 4a, 4b, The structure is firmly attached to the rotating body 3 of 4c and can withstand horizontal force and rotational torque. The horizontal frames 4a, 4b, 4c and the reinforcing horizontal frames 4h, 4i, 4j are connected by four connecting members 4m. Reference numeral 4n denotes a lower stopper provided so as to project upward from the upper surfaces of the middle and lower horizontal frames 4b and 4c, and is used to stop the upper pressure receiving plate 6 at a vertical angle of 90 °.

  2, 5 and 4 are power output mechanisms for transmitting the rotation of the rotating body 3 into the installation table 1, and 5a in FIG. A vertical rotating shaft penetrating the deck at the circumferential end in the direction, 5b is a bearing portion of the rotating shaft, 5c is a rotating plate provided at the shaft end of the rotating shaft 5a, 5d is a pin protruding from the upper surface of the rotating plate, The pin meshes with a rack gear 3 c provided inside the rotating body 3. In FIG. 3, 5e is a horizontal shaft that transmits the power of the rotation of the rotary shaft 5a that is turned to horizontal rotation by the bevel gear 5f, and 5g is a power that transmits the power of the horizontal shaft 5e from the left and right to the rotating shaft of the generator H. It is a bevel gear. These constitute the rotation transmission mechanism D.

In the figure, reference numerals are shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 in particular, and 6 is a three rows of pressure receiving plates (rotary blades) which are swingably attached to the upper horizontal frame 4a and middle horizontal frame 4b of the mounting frame 4. The pressure plate has a width of 5 m and a height of 6.5 m, and is filled with a hard foamed resin 6a. A stainless steel plate 6b having a thickness of 1 mm is attached to the outer surface, and the maximum thickness of the pressure plate is 0.3 m. The pressure plate has a specific gravity of 0.99.
6c is a pivot shaft fixed to the upper end of the pressure receiving plate 6, 6d is a rotation angle limiting arm fixed to the pivot shaft 6c and projecting toward the horizontal frame, and 6h is a notch provided at the free end of the pressure receiving plate. This is to prevent contact. A blade girder 6g is provided in the longitudinal direction of the interior.

In the drawing, reference numeral 7 particularly denotes the reference numeral 7, wherein 7 is a mounting mechanism for the bearing portion 4 b of the pivot shaft 6 c of the pressure receiving plate 6, and the bearing portion is mounted by the mounting arm 4 q from the lower surface of the upper or middle horizontal frames 4 a and 4 b. 4p is supported. The bearing portion 4p is made upper bearing portion 4p ₁ and the lower bearing portion 4p ₂ Prefecture, which are connected by a plurality of bolts 4p ₃ and rotatably supported to pivot 6c.

  10-13, the stop means S for restricting the swing of the pressure receiving plate 6 to 4 ° to 90 ° and the forced stop for forcibly stopping the rotation of the rotating body 3, the mounting frame 4 and the pressure receiving plate 6 for inspection or repair. Device T is shown. In this embodiment, the angle of the arm 6d of the pressure receiving plate 6 is regulated by air cylinders 7a, 7b provided above and below the horizontal frames 4a, 4b. For controlling the air cylinders 7a and 7b, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, an air switching valve 9 and a valve shaft guide frame 10 for controlling the stroke position of the valve shaft 9a of the switching valve 9 are provided at the uppermost stage. The switching valve 9 is controlled by controlling the position of the valve shaft guide frame 10 by moving the 16 guide holding air cylinders 11 provided on the installation base 1 and the bracket 2a forward and backward, and moving them. doing.

As shown particularly in FIG. 11, air cylinders 7a and 7b for regulating the arm 6d of the pressure receiving plate 6 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the upper and middle horizontal frames 4a and 4b. The upper air cylinder 7a is in a “0” mode position state during power generation operation (see FIG. 11A), a 4 ° fixed mode position state at a fixed lowering angle δ = 4 ° (see FIG. 11B), In order to achieve a fixed mode position state at δ = 0 ° (see FIG. 11C), it is advanced and retracted in the radial direction in three stages of 0 stage, 1 stage, and 2 stages. Cylinder rod 7a ₁ of the air cylinder 7a is intermediate support by a rod guide 7a _2, a tip of the cylinder rod 7a ₁ have provided a downward pressure piece 8, a lower end of the pressure piece 8 is a step portion 8a Provided. It is the “0” mode position (see FIG. 11A) that the stepped portion 8a does not contact the arm 6d most contracted, and the position where the stepped portion 8a is engaged with the tip of the arm 6d is the fixed lowering angle δ = It is the “1” mode position of 4 ° (see FIG. 11B), and when the rod is further extended, the lower end of the pressure piece 6 comes into contact with the upper surface of the arm 6d. "Mode position (see FIG. 11C).

On the other hand, link plates 7b ₂ and 7b ₃ pivotally attached at the middle by a mounting arm 4g are attached to the tip of the cylinder rod 7b ₁ of the lower air cylinder 7b, and the upper end of the link plate 7b ₃ is at an angle close to vertical. By abutting against the lower surface of 6d, the pressure receiving plate 6 is tilted to 4 ° to enable a lowered angle θ = 4 ° (see FIG. 11A). In the “0” mode and the “1” mode, the arm 6d is regulated to be fixed at 4 ° or fixed at 0 ° by the link plate 7b ₃ and the upper pressure piece 8 (FIGS. 11B and 11C). )reference).
When the link plate 7b ₃ is tilted to the horizontal frame side, the arm 6d is held horizontally at 0 ° and is in the “2” mode position.
Thus, the upper and lower air cylinders 7a and 7b are controlled in synchronism, and in the “0” mode position, the arm 6d does not approach the horizontal at a lower angle of 4 ° at the lower link plate 7b, and the pressure receiving plate 6 It can swing from 4 ° to 90 °. In the “1” mode position, the arm 6d is fixed at 4 °, and in the “2” mode position, the arm 6d is fixed at 0 °. Synchronous air control of the air cylinders 7 a and 7 b is performed by the switching valve 9.

  As shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, the switching valve 9 is controlled at the tip of the cylinder rod of 16 guide holding air cylinders 11 provided radially on the outer periphery of the installation base 1 or on the bracket 2 a inside the fixed guide frame 2. This is done by moving the lowered valve shaft guide frame 10 in the radial direction and changing the position of the valve shaft guide frame 10 in the radial direction. The guide holding air cylinder 11 can extend in three stages in the radial direction. Moreover, the valve shaft guide frame 10 is divided into 16 sections in the circumferential direction, and each section is an intermediate expansion / contraction of the structure of the expansion / contraction sheath joint in which the guide frame 10a and the adjacent guide frame 10a are pivotably mounted in the circumferential direction. It has a guide frame 10b, can change the length of the diameter in the radial direction, and can also change the circumferential length. Furthermore, it has a structure that can be inclined in the middle of the circumference. The valve shaft guide frame 10 is supported above the uppermost rotary body 3 of the installation base so as to be suspended by 16 guide holding air cylinders 11.

  On the other hand, on the mounting frame 4 and the rotating body 3, the air path is switched to the mode position “0”, “1”, “2” while the high pressure air of the air tank 12 is being sent to the air cylinders 7a, 7b. A valve 9 is attached, and a traveling shoe 9b is attached to the valve shaft end of the valve shaft 9a. The traveling shoe 9b is constrained in the valve shaft guide frame 10 and comes into contact with the frame to contact the valve of the switching valve 9. The stroke position of the shaft 9a is controlled by the operation of the guide holding cylinder 11 on the installation side at the advance / retreat positions “0”, “1”, “2” mode positions of the valve shaft guide frame 10. The valve shaft guide frame 10 is located at the innermost side in the “0” mode, the outermost side is the “2” mode, and the middle is the “1” mode. The guide holding cylinder 11 is controlled by the control panel B of the hollow chamber in the installation table 1. Further, the control panel B can be remotely controlled from a distance.

(Description of operation of the embodiment)
When the flap-type pressure receiving plate 6 of Example 1 has a slight buoyancy (the ratio of the specific gravity of the pressure receiving plate and the specific gravity of water is 0.99), when the flow velocity of the tidal current is small or there is no flow, Due to this buoyancy, the pressure receiving plate 6 is rotated in a horizontal direction. On the other hand, when the flow velocity of the tidal current is small and the working flow pressure is small and the buoyancy is still large, the free end is slightly upward as shown by the solid line in FIG. 10, FIG. 11 (a) and FIG. Float (tilt). Incidentally, the pressure receiving plate 6 if better buoyancy is large is maintained from the horizontal is brake arm 6d is a link plate 7b ₃ to the state of lowering the angle θ of 4 °. The state held at the lowered angle θ is a state before and after the 270 ° rotation phase in FIG. This state is the state where the pressure received from the tidal current is the smallest, and the rotational torque of the rotating body 3 by the pressure receiving plate 6 is hardly generated.
Next, when the flow velocity of the tidal current increases, the received pressure increases as the square of the flow velocity, and the state of the pressure receiving plate 6 becomes vertical as shown in the two-dot broken line in FIG. 12 and FIGS. 13 and 20. That is, when the rotational phase of the pressure receiving plate 6 is changed from 0 ° to 45 °, a tide flows on the upper surface of the inclined pressure receiving plate 6 and pushes the pressure receiving plate 6 downward, and the water pressure is generated by buoyancy and turning of the pressure receiving plate 6. Overcoming the lifting water pressure (lifting force), the pressure receiving plate 6 is gradually pushed downward to rotate the pressure receiving plate 6 in the vertical direction. As shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 12 and the solid line in FIG. 13, the pressure receiving plate 6 is braked by the lower stopper 4 n and maintained in a substantially vertical state at a rotation phase of 90 °. During this rotational phase (60 ° to 150 °), the pressure receiving plate 6 receives the tidal current almost at right angles and gives a strong force and rotational torque to the mounting frame 4 and the rotating body 3, and these are clockwise (positive rotational direction). Rotate.
When the rotational phase of the pressure receiving plate 6 is close to 180 °, the pressure receiving plate 6 generates lift due to the flow velocity of the tidal force, and the pressure receiving plate 6 is close to the horizontal state together with the buoyancy, and at the rotational phase 270 °, as shown in FIG. The link plate 7b ₃ engages the arm 6d and is in a substantially horizontal state held downward by 4 ° from the horizontal. In this state, the pressure receiving plate 6 is substantially parallel to the flow of the tidal current, the resistance of water to the rotation of the pressure receiving plate 6 is minimized, and the pressure receiving plate 6 is rotated by a strong force and its rotating torque at a rotation phase of about 90 °. The body 3 can be reliably rotated in the clockwise direction (forward rotation direction).

  In the experiment in the flowing water tank of the power generation apparatus of the above example, the pressure receiving plates 6 were all in a substantially horizontal state at a low flow rate of 0 to 0.3 m / s, and the rotating body 3 did not rotate. In addition, when the flow velocity was 0.4 m / s, the pressure receiving plate 6 became vertical in a 90 ° rotation phase, and the rotating body 3 and the pressure receiving plate 6 started to rotate.

The pressure receiving plate 6 is vertical at a rotational phase of 45 ° to 135 ° or is inclined in the vicinity of the vertical phase, and the lowering angle θ = 4 ° is around or near the rotational phase of 225 ° to 315 ° or is substantially horizontal at an angle close thereto. It becomes a state. In the intermediate phase, the pressure receiving plate 6 is in an inclined floating state.
As a result, the pressure receiving plate 6 receives a tidal current at a rotation phase of 45 ° to 135 ° at a substantially right angle, receives a strong water pressure from the tidal current, and generates a large rotational torque. In the rotational phase of 225 ° to 315 °, the drag from the water flow is extremely small, and the generation of the force that inhibits the rotation of the pressure receiving plate 6 and the counter-rotation torque are extremely weak.
Therefore, the pressure receiving plate 6 of the rotating body 3 can be reliably rotated in the forward rotation direction.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the rotating body 3 is rotated by a rack gear 3 c provided on the inner side of the upper rotating body 3 and protruding from the peripheral end of the long axis side deck of the installation base 1. The rotating shaft 5a is rotated together with the rotation (rotation) of the rotating body 3 by meshing with the eight pins 5d of the rotating disk 5c attached to the upper end of the rotating body 5a. The rotation speed of the rotating shaft 5a is rotated so as to increase the rotation speed of the rotating body 3 by the ratio of the radius of the rotating disk 5c and the radius of the rack gear 3c of the rotating body.
The rotational force of the rotating shaft 5a rotates the rotating shaft of the generator H through the bevel gear 5f, the horizontal shaft 5e, and the bevel gear 5g.
The power generated by the generator H is transmitted to the land side through a power transmission line (not shown) by a power distribution device C and a transformer.

The calculation of the output power generation amount is as follows.
The flowing water drag of the pressure receiving plate 6 was obtained from the following equation 1 known from hydrodynamics.
General formula of fluid mechanics: drag = 1/2 × fluid density × A × V ² × Cd [N] (1) Fluid density 1,020 kg / m ³ , A: pressure receiving area 210 m ² , V: flow velocity 0m / s
Cd: The drag coefficient is 2.0 for a vertical flat plate, and the unit of force is 1 kgf = 9.8 [N].
Then, the drag is 21,860 [kg · f], and the rotational torque obtained by multiplying this value by 15 m is 328,000 kgf · m.

The pressure receiving plate 6 starts to rotate by the flowing water drag and the rotation speed increases, but the relative speed of the fluid with respect to the pressure receiving plate also decreases accordingly, so that the constant rotation speed becomes constant. The rotation speed n varies depending on the load (power generation amount) of the generator H acting on the rotating body 3. When the amount of power generation is zero and close to no load, the pressure receiving plate 6 rotates at a peripheral speed close to the flow rate of the tidal current.
Therefore, when there is no load, the pressure plate center of the pressure plate rotates at a speed of about 1 m / s of the tidal flow velocity. The rotational speed n of the pressure receiving plate 6 (rotary body 3) when there is no load is about 15 m from the rotational center of the pressure receiving plate center, so the rotational speed n is 0.0667 (rad / s) or 0. It becomes about 637 (rpm).

  Next, it is assumed that a load of 2000 kW is applied to the generator H by continuous rotation of the pressure receiving plate 6 (the rotator 3) using this power generator. Due to the 2000 kW power of the load, the rotational peripheral speed of the pressure receiving center of the pressure receiving plate is considerably lower than the tidal current velocity (1 m / s). For this reason, the flowing water drag and rotational torque generated by one pressure receiving plate 6 are also considerably reduced, but the pressure receiving plate 6 is mounted radially every 45 °, taking into account the flowing water drag and rotational torque of the two front and rear pressure plates. Then, the flowing water resistance F and the rotational torque T of the above values at the start can be achieved. Thus, the number of revolutions N required for the generator H of 2000 kW power generation is calculated as follows.

Moreover, the following formulas 2 to 4 are known as the relationship between the unit W (watt) of the work rate and the unit m · kgf / s.
1 ps = 75 m · kgf / s = 735.5 W 2 formulas 1 W = 75 / 735.5 m · kgf / s 3 formulas = 0.020 m · kgf / s 4. formula

From the above three formulas, 2000 kW = 75 / 735.5 * 2 * 10 ⁶ [m · kgf / s]...
Next, N (rad / s) is calculated as the rotational speed of the rotating shaft of the generator H required to cause the generator H to generate a power of 2000 kW with the rotational torque of 328,000 kgf · m.
Work rate of pressure receiving plate outputting 2000 kW = N (rad / s) * T (rotational torque: kgf · m)
= 2000kW = 2 * 10 ⁶ W
= 75 / 735.5 * 2 * 10 ⁶ [m · kgf / s] ... From equation (5) Therefore, the value of the rotational speed N (rad / s) is N = 2 * 75 × 10 ⁶ /735.5/ T ... 6 types.
If T (rotational torque / kgf · m) = 328,000 kgf · m and the rotational torque at the start is substituted,
N = 2 * 75 * 10 ⁶ /735.5/328,000 (rad / s)
= 0.622 (rad / s)
Therefore, the ratio between the rotational speed n of the pressure receiving plate 6 (rotating body 3) at the time of no load and the rotational speed N of the rotating shaft of the generator 7 during continuous operation necessary for 2000 kW output is as follows.
The ratio of (rad / s) to N (rad / s) is the speed increasing ratio = N (rad / s) / n (rad / s) = 0.622 / 0.0667 = 9.3≈10
It becomes.

Thus, in the power generator of this embodiment, the speed increasing ratio of the rotation transmission mechanism D is required to be about 10 times or more for continuous operation of 2000 kW output.
Here, when the radius of the pinion, that is, the rotating disk 5c on the generator H side is set to 0.7 m, a speed increase ratio of 10 times is achieved if the radius of the rack gear is set to 7.0 m. In order to obtain a speed increasing ratio of 10 times or more, it is easy to reduce the radius of the rotating disk 5c or to provide a speed increasing spur gear in the middle thereof. It can be seen that this is sufficiently feasible.

  The above calculation is an approximate calculation at the time of no load when the pressure receiving plate starts from a stopped state and rotates at a peripheral speed close to 1 m / s of the tidal current and at the time of continuous rotation with a load of 2000 kW output. In the case of continuous rotation, the relative flow velocity received by the pressure receiving plate takes into account the rotation speed of the pressure receiving plate, so the relative flow velocity is considerably lower than the flow velocity of the tidal current. In order to compensate for this, a speed increasing mechanism is further added. In addition, the rotational force of the pressure receiving plate 6 is the total of 3 sets of pressure receiving plates that receive a strong drag out of the 3 sets of pressure receiving plates out of 8 sets every 45 °, so that the necessary rotational torque is secured and continuous rotation is possible. In addition, the power generation amount can be maintained.

  In order to reduce the flowing water resistance of the mounting frame 4, the 150ASUS pipe is compressed into an elliptical shape. After compression, the transverse section modulus increases slightly, so the strength also increases. Furthermore, in order to increase a safety factor, an appropriate rib material etc. can also be given.

(Pressure plate dimension setting)
The target power generation amount and the size of the pressure receiving plate 6 (considered as a turbine) are freely set according to the flow velocity of the tidal current.
The tidal current in the sea area to be set is measured in advance, and the pressure receiving plate area is designed with a margin so that it can be generated at a flow velocity much lower than the flow velocity of the obtained tidal current.

  Another embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is an example in which the power generator of the above embodiment is installed on a concrete pedestal on the seabed ground with a water depth of about 32 m and has a power output of 2000 kW. The structure of the installation base, the fixed guide frame, the rotating body, the mounting frame, the pressure receiving plate and the like are the same as those in the above embodiment. Only the fixing method of the installation base 1 in the sea is different.

Wheels or rollers may be substituted for the traveling shoes 3b and 9b of the present embodiment. In addition, the air cylinders 7a and 7b, the switching valve 9, the guide frame holding air cylinder 11, the wind glass 1c, the bearings 4p and 5b, the rod guide 7a ₂ and the air tank 12 that are immersed in seawater are excellent in water resistance and corrosion resistance. Is adopted.

  The present invention mainly generates power by tidal energy on the seabed, but it can also be installed on a river bed with a large river flow to generate power.

A Air conditioner B Control panel C Power distribution device D Rotation transmission mechanism G Power generation device of embodiment H Generator S Stopping means T Forced stop device 1 Installation stand 1a Bulkhead 1b Traffic tube 1c Windlaser 1d Bulkhead 1e Anchor weight 1f Floating tank 2 Fixed Guide frame (upper, middle, lower)
2a Bracket 2b Guide groove 3 Rotating body (upper, middle, lower)
3a Leg 3b Travel shoe 3c Rack gear 4 Mounting frame 4a Upper horizontal frame 4b Middle horizontal frame 4c Lower horizontal frame 4d Vertical frame 4e Mounting bolt 4g Support member 4h, 4i, 4j Reinforcement horizontal frame 4m Connecting member 4n Lower stopper 4p Bearing portion 4p ₁ Upper bearing portion 4p ₂ Lower bearing portion 4p ₃ Bolt 4q Mounting arm 5 Power output mechanism 5a Rotating shaft 5b Bearing portion 5c Rotating disc 5d Pin 5e Horizontal shaft 5f Bevel gear 5g Bevel gear 6 Pressure receiving plate 6a Rigid foam resin 6b Stainless steel plate 6c Pivot shaft 6d Arm 6e Bolt 6g Wing girder 6h Notch 7a Air cylinder 7a ₁ Cylinder rod 7a ₂ Rod guide 7b Air cylinder 7b ₁ Cylinder rod 7b ₂ Link plate 7b ₃ Link plate 8 Pressure piece 8a Stepped portion 9 Switching valve 9a Valve stem 9b Travel shoe 0 valve shaft guide frame 10a the guide body 10b intermediate stretch guide frame 11 guide frame holding air cylinder 11a cylinder rod 12 the air tank 13 control panel

Claims (7)

  Provide an installation table whose outer shape of the cross section fixed in the sea or water is elliptical, so that the major axis direction of this elliptical installation table is the main flow direction of the water flow in the sea or water Set up and install a multi-stage annular fixed guide frame on the outside of the installation base, and attach the rotating body to the fixed guide frame so that it can rotate freely. Set in a vertical direction that is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the water flow, and multiple mounting frames are mounted radially from the same rotating body along the circumference, and the plate-shaped pressure receiving plate is positioned at the upper side that is eccentric from the rotation axis of the mounting frame. One end of the pressure plate is pivotably mounted, and the specific gravity of the pressure plate divided by the mass of fresh water with a volume of 4 ° C is slightly smaller than the specific gravity of the seawater or water to be received. So that buoyancy can be generated in the plate From a predetermined lowering angle θ at which the pressure receiving plate tilts so that the angle range of the swing of each pressure receiving plate is slightly below the surface of the rotation locus around the rotation axis of one end of the pressure receiving plate on the mounting end of the pressure receiving plate. Provided with a restraining means to limit the swing so that the pressure receiving plate is in the angular range to the lowest position of the free end in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotating body, and installed a generator that generates electricity by rotating the rotating body with respect to the mounting base It is installed in the platform, and the output power of the generator is wired and transmitted to the land, sea, or surface hull near the installation table, and the force generated in the pressure plate by the tide or water current in the sea or underwater, and the pressure plate A power generation device using water current energy that can reliably generate power by rotating a rotating body with buoyancy and restraining means.   The mounting frame is composed of a plurality of upper and lower horizontal frames and a plurality of vertical frames connecting the upper and lower horizontal frames. The pressure receiving plate is rotatably attached to the upper end of the horizontal frame, and the restraining means is attached to the upper end of the horizontal frame. The stopper mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising: a stopper mechanism which is attached to stop the pressure receiving plate downward so as to prevent it from approaching horizontal from a predetermined lowering angle θ and to prevent it from rotating more than 90 °. Power generation equipment using water energy.   The specific gravity of the pressure plate is 0.95 to 0.99 times the specific gravity of the seawater or river water to be installed, and the lowering angle θ of the pressure plate is 3 ° to 6 °. Or a power generator using the energy of the water stream.   The passage part with an opening-and-closing lid | cover with which a person can go in and out in the installation stand in which the upper end of a pipe | tube is not submerged even in the highest water level of the installation sea or river was provided in the deck part of the installation stand. A power generation device that uses the energy of water flow.   A fixed guide frame attached to the installation base, with a part of the interior of the installation base being hollow, generating large buoyancy in the water, and mooring the anchor weight dropped from the installation base to the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the water. Rotating body, mounting frame, pressure receiving plate, generator and other equipment placed in the installation table are balanced by the downward force, the tensile force of the wedge and the buoyancy of the installation table, and the power generation device is underwater and underwater. The power generator using the energy of the water stream in any one of Claims 1-4 fixed.   The power generator using the energy of the water flow according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a forcible stop device capable of forcibly stopping the rotation of the rotating body / mounting frame and the pressure receiving plate.   A pressure receiving plate in which the forcible stop device can restrict the pressure receiving plate from being swung by fixing it to a fixed angle δ near the horizontal in an angle range close to a predetermined angle θ or a horizontal angle close to 0 °. A plurality of air cylinders provided between the air cylinder and the mounting frame, an air tank provided in the mounting frame that sends operating air to the air cylinder, and an air supply path that sends air from the air tank to the air cylinder. In addition, the pressure plate is fixed at a fixed angle δ, and the uppermost rotating body that switches the air to the air cylinder and the mounting frame are positioned so that only the upper limit swing angle of the lowering angle θ is limited. A valve shaft guide frame having an annular structure that changes the radial position of the valve shaft end on which the open / close control valve rotates and the valve shaft end that rotates, and whose diameter is bent and changed in the middle of the circumferential direction. And the valve shaft guide frame A plurality of guide frame holding air cylinders provided in the circumferential direction so as to protrude radially from the installation base or the fixed guide frame or the bracket connecting them to hold the frame so as to be movable back and forth in the radial direction, and the guide frame The power generator using the energy of the water flow according to claim 6, comprising an operation panel provided inside an installation base for controlling the holding air cylinder.

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