JP5441084B2 - コーティング、複合材料および添加剤としての、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサンおよび金属化されたポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン - Google Patents
コーティング、複合材料および添加剤としての、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサンおよび金属化されたポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5441084B2 JP5441084B2 JP2006545469A JP2006545469A JP5441084B2 JP 5441084 B2 JP5441084 B2 JP 5441084B2 JP 2006545469 A JP2006545469 A JP 2006545469A JP 2006545469 A JP2006545469 A JP 2006545469A JP 5441084 B2 JP5441084 B2 JP 5441084B2
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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Description
本出願は、2003年12月18日に出願された米国仮出願第60/531,458号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、一般的に、人造または天然起源の熱可塑性および熱硬化性ポリマーおよびそれらの組成物の特性を高める方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、放射線吸収、インサイチュガラス化、ガスおよび水分バリア、および表面およびバルク特性の改良のためにそのようなポリマーへのナノ構造の化学物質の組み込みに関する。
本発明は、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン(POSS)、シルセスキオキサン、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシリケート、シリケート、シリコーンまたは金属化されたポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン、シルセスキオキサン、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシリケート、シリケート、およびシリコーンの、ポリマー材料とアロイ化可能な試薬としての使用に関する。ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン、シルセスキオキサン、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシリケート、シリケート、シリコーンおよび金属化ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン、シルセスキオキサン、ポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシリケート、シリケート、シリコーンを、以下、ケイ素含有試薬という。
本発明は、新規な一連のポリマー添加剤および放射線の吸収におけるその利用、ガスおおび液体バリア形成、縮合重合の触媒作用、およびナノスコピックなガラス層のインサイチュ形成を記述する。金属化されたPOSSは、それ自身で、またはポリマーもしくは金属もしくは複合材料と組み合わせて、または繊維、クレー、ガラス、金属、鉱物および他の粒子フィラーのようなマクロスコピックな補強材と組み合わせて非常に有用である。
本発明の化学組成物を理解する目的のために、ケイ素含有試薬、特にポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン(POSS)およびポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシリケート(POS)ナノ構造体の化学式表現を以下に定義する。
ヘテロレプティック組成物(式中R≠R’)の場合に[(RSiO1.5)n(R’SiO1.5)m]Σ#
ヘテロ官能化されたヘテロレプティック組成物の場合に[(RSiO1.5)n(RSiO1.0)m(M)j]Σ#
官能化されたヘテロレプティック組成物(式中、R基は等価または不等価でありうる)の場合に[(RSiO1.5)n(RXSiO1.0)m]Σ#。
本発明は、放射線の吸収、ガスおよび液体バリア特性の形成、縮合ポリマーの触媒作用、屈折率の制御、発光特性の制御、レーザーマーキング、ポリマー材料中でのガラス層のインサイチュ形成、および分子レベルでのポリマーコイル、ドメイン、チェーンおよびセグメントの補強のためのアロイ化剤としてのケイ素含有試薬の使用を教示している。
すべてのプロセスに適用できる一般的なプロセス変数
化学プロセスで典型的なように、任意のプロセスの純度、選択性、速度および機構を制御するために用いることができる多くの変数がある。ケイ素含有試薬のプラスチックへの組み込みのプロセスに影響を与える変数は、ナノスコピック試薬のサイズおよび多分散性ならびに組成を含む。同様に、ポリマー系の分子量、多分散性および組成も、ケイ素含有試薬とポリマーとの間で適合していなければならない。最後に、コンパウンドまたは混合プロセスの間に用いられる、動力学、熱力学、加工助剤、フィラーも、組み込みにより得られる充填レベルおよび補強度合に影響しうる交換の道具である。ブレンドプロセスたとえば溶融ブレンド、乾燥ブレンド、および溶液混合ブレンドは、ナノスコピックなケイ素含有試薬をプラスチックに混合しアロイ化するにあたりすべて有効である。
ケイ素含有試薬を、ツインスクリューミキサーを用いて溶融コンパウンドすることよりポリマーに組み込み、フィルムに加工した後、非ガラス化フィルム(図4a)およびガラス化(酸化)フィルム(図4b)についてMocon(登録商標)装置で透過性測定を行った。
さまざまな充填レベルのGd POSSを含む光学的に透明な試料をFireQuench(登録商標)1287樹脂系に配合した。Au箔をGd POSS(登録商標)FireQuench(登録商標)アロイの間に挟んだ。次いで試料をワット分裂中性子スペクトル(エネルギー範囲:1〜20MeV、平均:略1MeV)を与える中性子反応器に曝した。熱中性子(0.0253eV)および熱外中性子(>0.5eV)のフラックスのみを測定した。合計の中性子フラックスを、高純度金箔を用いて測定した。関与した反応はAu−197(n,£^)Au−198である。カドミウムカバーを用いて、合計の中性子フラックスのうち熱成分を決定した。測定した金箔中の誘導活量から、絶対フラックスを決定した。ガンマ線分光分析を、エネルギーと効率について較正した高純度ゲルマニウム検出器(HPGe)で実施した。950kWで測定した中性子フラックス分布は、3.57E+07n/cm2−secの熱中性子および1.27E+07n/cm2−secの熱外中性子である。フラックス測定での計算誤差は0.75%である。中性子フラックスの減少は、樹脂に充填したGd POSSの重量%とともに線形に変化した。熱中性子の2/3減少には50重量%天然産出Gd POSSを含む1mm厚さの絶縁保護コーティングが必要となり(図9)、一方で同位体により富化された157Gdのわずか0.1mm厚さのコーティングが試料レベルの保護を与えるであろう(図10)、ということが計算された。同様の結果が、ホウ素およびサマリウムPOSS系で得られた。したがって、熱中性子損傷からの電子部品の保護が、B、Sm、またはGd POSS添加剤を含む絶縁保護コーティングを用いて達成できる。それらの添加剤を複合樹脂に組み込んで、中性子シールドとして役立つ構造複合材にすることもできる。POSSケージあたりで多数の水素原子があると、さらに高速中性子を熱中性子化することを助け、そうしてB、SmまたはGd原子によるそれらの捕捉を可能にする。高速中性子を熱中性子化してそれらを捕捉するためにB、SmおよびGd POSSを使用することは、それらが高速中性子腫瘍治療におけるより有効な中性子捕捉剤として機能することも可能にする。
さまざまな金属化されたPOSSの試料を、UVから可視光線に曝した。それらの吸収特性を図12に示す。吸収特性は、系中に含まれる金属の調整により調節できることが明らかである。たとえば、CeおよびTi系のPOSSは、吸収の狭いAl POSSよりも広いスペクトルのUV線に対して特に良好な吸収剤である。さらに、それらの系は光学的に透明なポリマーおよび複合材料に組み込むことができ、次いでナノスコピックに薄いガラス表面層に変換でき、放射線吸収トップコートとしてさらに利点を与えるであろうということが示されている。それらのコーティングは、150nmで劣化するシリコーンを含むさまざまのポリマー、および243nmで劣化するポリカーボネートで有用性があるであろう。
さまざまな金属化されたPOSSを含む光学的に透明な試料を、FireQuench(登録商標)1287樹脂系に配合した。屈折率の値を、異なる入射波長で屈折計を用いて測定した。このシリーズは、屈折率を、金属の変化により狭く、または官能基(たとえばチオール)の変化により急激に微調整する能力を示している。金属により偏極しやすい電子があるかまたはPOSSケージにR基があると、屈折率により大きなシフトをもたらす。
二片のポリウレタン、エポキシド、およびシロキサンからなる光学的に透明な試料を、さまざまな金属化されたPOSSを用いた触媒作用によって得た。たとえば、1ppmレベル以上に充填したTi POSSはポリウレタンの高速縮合重合を促進することがわかり、SnPOSSはシラノールおよびシラン配合シリコーンの硬化に有利であることがわかった。それぞれの場合に、硬化は温度と触媒充填の増加により加速された。それらの金属化された触媒の特に有利な点は、その大きな原子量に起因して、可燃性およびマイグレーションが低いことである。さらなる利点は、ガラスに変換され、フィラーとして機能して収縮を減少し得られるポリマーの透過特性の酸化を改善することである。
Claims (21)
- ポリマー表面上にガラスバリア層および放射線バリアを形成する方法であって、
(a)B、Gd、Sm、Ce、Ti、Tb、およびErからなる群より選択される金属を含む金属化されたポリヘドラルオリゴメリックシルセスキオキサン(POSS)をポリマーに混合して放射線バリアを形成する工程と,ここで、前記放射線バリアは、中性子、紫外線、および可視光線からなる群の要素による透過を減衰させるバリアを形成する、
(b)前記ポリマーの表面を酸化してガラスバリア層を形成することによって前記ポリマー表面上に前記ガラスバリア層を形成する工程と,ここで、前記ガラスバリア層は水および酸素分子からなる群の要素による透過を減衰させるバリアを形成する、
を有する方法。 - ポリマーの屈折率が前記金属化されたPOSSの選択により制御される請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマーの発光特性が前記金属化されたPOSSの選択により制御される請求項1記載の方法。
- ガラス層の形成後にポリマーをレーザーマーキングする工程をさらに有する請求項1記載の方法。
- 金属化された複数のPOSSをポリマーに混合する請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマーがオイル、アモルファス、半結晶、結晶、エラストマー、およびゴムからなる群より選択される物理状態にある請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマーがポリマーコイル、ポリマードメイン、ポリマーチェーン、ポリマーセグメント、またはそれらの混合物である請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属化されたPOSSが分子レベルでポリマーを補強する請求項1記載の方法。
- 混合が非反応性である請求項1記載の方法。
- 混合が反応性である請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマーの物理的特性を改善する請求項1記載の方法。
- 物理的特性が接着、撥水性、難燃性、密度、低誘電定数、熱伝導性、ガラス転移、粘度、溶融転移、貯蔵弾性、緩和、応力輸送、摩擦抵抗、耐火性、生物学的適合性、ガス透過性、ポロシティ、放射線吸収、放射線放出、屈折率、光学品質からなる群より選択される請求項12記載の方法。
- 混合がマクロスコピックまたはナノスコピックな少なくとも1種の他のフィラーまたは添加剤と組み合わせて達成される請求項1記載の方法。
- バリアを高速中性子治療における治療用化学物質として用いる請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記放射線バリアが中性子による透過を減衰させるバリアを形成する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属がB、Gd、およびSmからなる群より選択される請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記金属がB、Gd、およびSmからなる群より選択される請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記放射線バリアがUV線を減衰させるバリアを形成する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属がCeおよびTiからなる群より選択される請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーの発光特性が前記金属の選択によって制御される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記金属がTbまたはErである請求項20記載の方法。
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- 2004-12-17 SG SG200809344-5A patent/SG149034A1/en unknown
- 2004-12-17 CN CNB2004800410710A patent/CN100544836C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-17 US US11/015,185 patent/US20050192364A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-17 TW TW093139444A patent/TW200528462A/zh unknown
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TW200528462A (en) | 2005-09-01 |
WO2005060671A2 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
JP2007523968A (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
US20050192364A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
SG149034A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
CN1909978A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
EP1711278A2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
WO2005060671A3 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
CN100544836C (zh) | 2009-09-30 |
RU2006125722A (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
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