JP5403752B2 - 移植片対宿主疾患の検査および治療方法 - Google Patents
移植片対宿主疾患の検査および治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5403752B2 JP5403752B2 JP2009520345A JP2009520345A JP5403752B2 JP 5403752 B2 JP5403752 B2 JP 5403752B2 JP 2009520345 A JP2009520345 A JP 2009520345A JP 2009520345 A JP2009520345 A JP 2009520345A JP 5403752 B2 JP5403752 B2 JP 5403752B2
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Description
本出願は,日本特許出願2007−165547(2007年6月22日出願)に基づく優先権を主張しており,この内容は本明細書に参照として取り込まれる。
本発明は,移植片対宿主疾患を検査するための方法および試薬,ならびに治療方法および治療用医薬組成物に関する。
Sullivan KM. Graft vs. host disease. In: Blume KG, Forman SJ, Appelbaum FR, eds. Thomas’ Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2004:635-664 Petricoin EF, Ardekani AM, Hitt BA, et al. Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer. Lancet. 2002;359:572-577 Kaiser T, KamalH, Rank A, et al. Proteomics applied to the clinical follow-up of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2004;104:340-349
マウスに異種骨髄移植を行うことにより急性GVHDを誘導した。レシピエントマウスとしてはBALB/c(H−2d)を用い,ドナーマウスとしては,異種BMT用にC57BL/6(H−2b)を,同種BMT用にBALB/c(H−2d)を用いた。マウスはいずれも7−12週齢であった(Sankyo Labo Service Corporation)。
レシピエントマウスを,GVHDの臨床徴候,すなわち,体重減少,猫背の姿勢,皮膚紅斑,脱毛および下痢について毎日観察した。異種BMTマウスにおいては,移植後7日以内に急性GVHDの臨床症状,例えば下痢およびひだ状の白苔が,21日以内に皮膚紅斑および脱毛が認められた。第14日と第21日の間に死亡例がみられた。
レシピエントマウスを,移植後第7日,第14日,第21日および第28日に犠牲死させた。皮膚,肝臓および小腸を取り出し,10%ホルマリン緩衝液中で固定した。固定した組織をパラフィンに包埋し,切片を作成し,ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシンで染色し,顕微鏡下で調べた。代表的臓器における,GVHDと対応すると考えられる組織学的変化は,以下のとおりである:皮膚(表皮真皮接合部への単核球の浸潤および毛包または皮脂腺の傷害);肝臓(単核球の門脈への浸潤および肝細胞壊死);および小腸(クリプト細胞のアポトーシスおよび絨毛の拡張または平坦化)。評点システムは,これらの臓器のそれぞれについてネガティブを0とし,ポジティブを1とした(1匹のマウスについて最大スコアは6である)。図1に,各時点における平均の病理学的スコアを臨床症状とともに示す。この結果は5回の独立した実験の代表例である。レシピエントマウスは移植後のすべての時点でGVHDの病理学的兆候を有しており,病理学スコアは第14日で最大であった。また,各時点において,病理学スコアはGVHDの臨床所見と一致していた。
BMT前,およびBMT後第7日,第14日,第21日および第28日に血液をサンプリングした。血液サンプルは,生きたマウスの尾静脈からヘパリン被覆キャピラリーチューブを用いて採取し,30分以内に10,000rpmで5分間遠心分離して,血漿を調製した。これはアッセイするまで−80℃で保存した。
各血漿サンプル10μLに,Tris−HCl(pH7.4)中に9mol/L尿素および10g/L CHAPSを含む20μLの溶液を加えた。混合物を4℃で15分間ボルテックスし,Tris−HClで1:40に希釈した。8スポット固定化金属アフィニティー捕捉アレイ(IMAC−30)を50mmol/L CuSO4で活性化した。希釈したサンプル(50μL)をプロテインチップアレイの各スポットに加え,振盪器で1時間インキュベートした。同じTris−HClで洗浄した後,水で軽くすすぎ,各スポットに0.5μlの飽和シナピン酸(sinapinic acid;SPA)を2回加え,風乾した。キレートされた金属に結合した蛋白質の質量/電荷(m/z)スペクトルを,Ciphergen Protein Biology System II飛行時間質量分析器(PBS II,Ciphergen Biosystems,Inc)を用いて測定した。データは,レーザー強度200および検出器感度8で得られた65個のレーザーショットを平均することにより求めた。
すべてのスペクトルをコンパイルし,Ciphergen Protein Chip Software 3.2.0.を用いてデータの予備的分析を行った。血漿サンプルとしては,GVHD群(移植後第7日,第14日,第21日および第28日)50サンプルおよび対照群(BMT前)28サンプルの合計78サンプルを用いた。その結果,m/z=2k〜200kの範囲で,異なるように発現されている計169本のピークが検出された。これらのピークについて,Biomarker Pattern’s Softwareを用いて2群間を比較することにより,ピーク強度の変化が5倍以上でかつp<0.05のピークを抽出したところ,GVHD群で上昇したものは10本,低下したものは9本認められた。
上述の2.0−200kDaの質量範囲の169個のピークについて,ピーク強度の値を用いてさらに分析を行った。Biomarker Pattern’s Software(BPS,Ciphergen Biosystems,Inc)を用いて,クロスバリデーション法により169個のピークすべてを用いて分類ツリーを作成した。簡単には,分類ツリーは1回に1つの規則を質問の形で用いてデータを2つのノードに分割する。この実験では,分割の決定はSELDI蛋白質発現プロファイルから同定されたピークまたはクラスターの正規化強度レベルに基づいて行った。すなわち,SELDIプロファイルから同定された各ピークまたはクラスターは分類プロセス中の変数である。末端ノードに達して,データ分類からさらなる分割が得られなくなるまで分割のプロセスを続けた。
GVHDの治療薬であるシクロスポリンA(CsA)(Novartis Pharma)を0.9%NaClで1.67mg/mLに希釈した。異種移植マウスに,移植後第8日から第13日まで,CsAを毎日20mg/kgの用量で腹腔内投与した。図3にCsA投与例の同一個体における8972Daピークの推移,および各時点におけるサンプル中の8972Daピークの平均正規化強度値(それぞれn=4)を示す。CsA処置GVHDマウスにおいては,8972Daのピーク強度は第7日に上昇し,CsA投与後に低下した。
BALB/cマウスから移植された骨髄グラフトを有するBALB/cマウスを用いた同種移植モデルでは,GVHDは誘発されず,移植前サンプルと移植後サンプルにおいて,ピークの平均発現には有意な差が認められなかった(図4A,B)。
プールされた血漿サンプルから,最も量の多い3種類の血漿蛋白質(アルブミン,IgG,トランスフェリン)を免疫除去クロマトグラフィー(Multiple Affinity Removal Column MS−3,4.6mmID x 50mm;Agilent)により除去した。50μLの血漿をバッファA(Agilent)で5倍に希釈し,免疫除去カラムに注入した。フロースルー画分を回収し,高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)でさらに分離した。HPLCで用いた分離カラムはInertsil(登録商標)Phカラム(5μm,4.6mmID x 150mm;GL Sciences)であった。溶出勾配プロファイルは以下のとおりである:(1)溶出溶媒:A 2%ACN/0.1%TFA,B 80%ACN/0.1%TFA;(2)直線勾配:0−100%B/50分間;流速1.0ml/分間。
候補蛋白質である8972Daのスポットをゲル内消化した。簡単には,切り出したゲルスポットを100%ACNおよび100mM NH4HCO3で洗浄し,次に真空乾燥し,5μLのトリプシン溶液(50mMNH4HCO3および5mMCaCl2中12.5ng/μL)中で37℃で16時間インキュベートした。得られたペプチドを20μLの20mMNH4HCO3で1回,20μLの50%ACN中5%ギ酸で3回抽出した。回収した抽出物を真空乾燥して約40μLとし,次にナノフローHPLC−ESI−MS/MSで分析した。HPLCはDiNaシステム(KYA)を用いて行い,トリプシン消化したサンプルをHi Qsil(登録商標)C18カラム(75μmIDx50mm;KYA)で分離した。分離条件は以下のとおりである。溶出溶媒A:0.1%ギ酸,溶媒B:0.1%ギ酸中70%ACN,勾配:0−100%B/40分間,流速:200nL/分間。分離したペプチドは,QSTAR XL Q−TOF質量分析器(Applied Biosystems)を用いて特性決定した。得られた質量分析データを用いて,MASCOTソフトウエア(Matrix Science Inc.)によりNCBI蛋白質データベースを検索した。
1 MKIYAVLLCL LLIAVPVSPE KLTGPDKAPV TCCFHVLKLK IPLRVLKSYE
51 RINNIQCPME AVVFQTKQGM SLCVDPTQKW VSEYMEILDQ KSQILQP(配列番号1)
特異的ウサギ抗マウスCCL8抗体を用いるSELDIイムノアッセイにより,8972DaマーカーがCCL8であることをさらに確認した。PS20(Preactivated Surface)プロテインチップ(Ciphergen)の各スポットに0.1μgの抗マウスCCL8抗体を加え,加湿チャンバ中で室温で2時間インキュベートした。残留活性部位を5μlの1Mエタノールアミン(pH8.0)で30分間ブロッキングした後,スポットをPBS中0.5%TritonX100で3回,PBSで2回洗浄した。血漿サンプルをPBSで1:75に希釈し,PS20チップの抗体固定化スポットに加え,バイオプロセッサを用いて室温で穏やかに混合しながら2時間インキュベートした。各スポットをPBS中0.5%TritonX100で2回,PBSで2回洗浄した。5mMHEPESで軽く洗浄した後,SPAマトリクスを加え,PBS II Protein ChipリーダーでMS分析を行った。その結果,GVHD血漿サンプルからはCCL8が検出されたが,コントロールサンプルからはほとんど検出されなかった(図7)。
ヒト臨床サンプルとしては,骨髄移植を受けたヒト患者から得た血漿をPBS中に1:25で希釈したものを用いた。実施例4と同様にして,PS20プロテインチップを用い,抗ヒトCCL8抗体を用いて,SELDIイムノアッセイによりヒト患者におけるCCL8の発現を調べた。
5歳男子
診断:ファンコーニ貧血
処置:非血縁者間臍帯血移植(CBSCT(UR))
予防薬:CsA+MMF
経過:移植後第13日に皮膚GVHDに発症,同日よりメチルプレドニゾロン治療(mPSL)開始した。CCL8は臨床的にGVHDが発症する前の移植後10日に出現した。これは治療によりいったん低下した。しかし,その後GVHDが再発するとともにCCL8の発現量も再び増加した。患児は,いったんは治療に反応したが,最終的に治療抵抗性GVHDにより死亡した。CCL8の発現量が,GVHDの発症および治療効果に相関していた。また,治療抵抗性に陥るとCCL8は低下しなくなった。
10歳男子
診断:慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)
処置:非血縁者間骨髄移植(BMT(UR))
予防薬:FK+MTX
経過:移植後第19日に皮膚GVHDに発症,同日よりメチルプレドニゾロン治療(mPSL)開始した。同日CCL8は,あきらかな増加を示した。GVHDは,いったん第2段階から第3段階へと進行したが,その後治療により改善し,CCL8も再び高い発現は見られなかった。
3歳女子
診断:急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)
処置:適合同胞間骨髄移植(BMT(matched−sib.))
予防薬:MTX
経過:GVHD発症なし。経過中一度もCCL8の高発現は見られなかった。
11歳女子
診断:急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)
処置:適合同胞間骨髄移植(MSD−BMT)
予防薬:短期MTX
経過:移植後第11日にGVHD発症。CCL8の発現の増加を示した。同日よりシクロスポリンAをCIV投与した。第14日にはGVHDの症状は改善し,CCL8の発現も低下した。
重症の再生不良性貧血を有する19歳女性が,HLA 1 抗原がマッチしていない父親から骨髄幹細胞移植を受けた。患者は150mg/m2のフルダラビン(Flu)および120mg/kgのシクロホスファミド(CY),および24mg/kgの抗胸腺細胞グロブリン(ATG)から構成される移植前調整を受け,タクロリムスでGVHDを予防した。移植後第10日に,患者は高熱を発症し,第16日に四肢および胴体に非定型皮膚発疹を発症した。下痢は認められなかった。第20日にはCCL8はあきらかな増加を示した。第23日に皮膚生検を実施し,メチルプレドニゾロン(mPSL)治療を開始した。第31日にはGVHDの症状は改善し,CCL8の発現も低下した。
正常人の血漿および造血幹細胞移植を受けた患者で,移植片対宿主疾患を発症したものおよび発症しなかったものの血漿CCL8を定量した。結果を図11に示す。数値の単位はpg/mLである。造血幹細胞移植を受けた患者で,移植片対宿主疾患を発症しなかったものの血漿CCL8濃度は,6.92−48.0pg/mL平均23.3pg/Lであった。しかし,移植片対宿主疾患を発症したものの血漿CCL8濃度は,52.0−333.6pg/mL平均133.3pg/mLと明らかに高濃度であった。さらに,治療抵抗性GVHDの2例では,333.6pg/mLおよび290.4pg/mLと極めて高い濃度を示した。この2症例は,GVHDの治療に対して抵抗性であり死亡した。正常人では血漿CCL8濃度は,0−32.6pg/mL,平均18.9pg/mLと極めて低値であった。これらの結果から,移植片対宿主疾患を発症した患者では血漿CCL8量が正常人より有意に高く,さらに,治療抵抗性GVHDの患者では極めて高いことがわかる。
マウスにTLRリガンドを投与したときのCCL8の発現レベルを測定した。
雌BALB/c(H-2d)マウスは,Sankyo Labo Service Corporation(Tokyo,Japan)から購入した。マウスは実験開始時に8−10週齢であった。試薬は,特に示さないかぎり,すべてSIGMA/ALDRICH(Tokyo,Japan)から購入した。
実施例1と同様にして,マウス同種BMTを行い,第1,3,5,および7日において採血を行い,ヘパリン血漿サンプルを得た。これらをMouse CCL8 ELISAを用いて血漿中CCL8の濃度を定量した。
抗マウスCCL8ウサギ抗体は,合成CCL8ペプチドをウサギに投与し,得られた抗血清から,アフィニティーカラムを用いて抗CCL8IgG画分を精製することにより調製した。対照の正常ウサギ抗体としては,正常ウサギ血清のIgG画分を用いた。
Claims (7)
- 移植片対宿主疾患を検査するための方法であって,被験者または被検動物から得た試料中のCCL8蛋白質の量を測定し,得られた測定値を移植片対宿主疾患の診断または経過の指標とすることを特徴とする方法。
- 移植片対宿主疾患の診断が移植片対宿主疾患の臨床症状の発症前に行われる,請求項1記載の方法。
- CCL8蛋白質の量が抗CCL8抗体を用いて測定される,請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- CCL8蛋白質の量が,質量分析計,高速液体クロマトグラフィーおよび2次元電気泳動からなる群より選択される方法を用いて測定される,請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 抗CCL8抗体を含む移植片対宿主疾患の検査薬。
- 移植片対宿主疾患の治療薬の候補物質を選択する方法であって,
移植片対宿主疾患のモデル動物に試験物質を投与し,
前記モデル動物から得た試料中のCCL8蛋白質の量を測定し,そして,
試験物質を投与したときに投与していないときと比較してCCL8蛋白質の量が低い場合に,その試験物質を移植片対宿主疾患の治療薬の候補物質として選択する,
の各工程を含む方法。 - 抗CCL8抗体を有効成分として含む,移植片対宿主疾患を治療するための医薬組成物。
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JP5786020B2 (ja) | 2010-04-16 | 2015-09-30 | アボットジャパン株式会社 | 関節リウマチを診断する方法および試薬 |
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WO2012032511A2 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-15 | Stephen G Marx | Kit for monitoring, detecting and staging gvhd |
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CN102550486B (zh) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种nod/scid小鼠异种移植物抗宿主病模型的建立方法 |
US20150099645A1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2015-04-09 | Stephen Marx | Means and methods for diagnostics and therapeutics of diseases |
WO2013168876A1 (ko) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | 가톨릭대학교 산학협력단 | 이식 후 면역 상태를 모니터링 하는 키트 및 이를 이용한 면역 상태의 모니터링 방법 |
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US10898522B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2021-01-26 | Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center | Compositions and methods for treating graft versus host disease |
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