JP5399786B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a machine tool including a support, a moving body provided on the support so as to be movable in the vertical direction, a guide mechanism for guiding the movement of the moving body, and a feed mechanism for moving the moving body. The present invention relates to a machine tool configured to support at least a part of the weight of the moving body by a fluid pressure cylinder.

  As the machine tool, for example, one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-98494 has been known. The machine tool includes a base, a pair of columns erected on the upper surface of the base at a predetermined interval, a spindle head provided movably in the vertical direction between the pair of columns, and a vertical axis formed by the spindle head. A spindle that is rotatably supported at the center and a feed mechanism that moves the spindle head are provided.

  The feed mechanism is screwed into each ball screw and a pair of ball screws supported by each column so that the axis is along the vertical direction and is rotatable about the axis, and is fixed to both sides of the spindle head. It comprises a pair of nuts provided and a pair of servo motors that rotate each ball screw about its axis.

  In the pair of columns, rails for guiding the movement of the spindle head are formed on the surface on the spindle head side, respectively, and a pair of gas cylinders extend in the vertical direction on both outer sides of the pair of columns. It is provided as follows. This gas cylinder has a cylinder body filled with high-pressure gas, and a rod that protrudes from the inside of the cylinder body and is provided so as to be movable up and down. Each cylinder body is attached to each nut. The lower ends of the rods are connected to the upper surface of the base.

  In the machine tool configured as described above, the spindle head is supported not only by the feed mechanism but also by the gas cylinder. Therefore, even if the spindle head is heavy, the load on the feed mechanism is reduced. This suppresses power consumption and heat generation of the servo motor and heat generation of the nut, and prevents the ball screw from extending due to heat generation of the servo motor and the nut and lowering positioning accuracy.

JP 2007-98494 A

  However, the conventional machine tool has a problem that since the gas cylinders are disposed on both outer sides of the column, the lateral width of the spindle head is large and the compactness cannot be achieved.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of reducing the size of a moving body when the moving body is supported by a fluid pressure cylinder.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A support body, a movable body provided on the support body so as to be movable in the vertical direction, a support body side guide portion provided on the support body so that a guide direction is along the vertical direction, and the movable body provided with the A guide mechanism that has a movable body side guide portion engaged with the support body side guide portion, guides the movement of the movable body in the vertical direction by the engagement relationship of these guide portions, and a feed mechanism that moves the movable body; A fluid pressure cylinder that is arranged along the vertical direction and supports the moving body, and a cylinder main body filled with a working fluid, and a rod that protrudes from the cylinder main body and is reciprocally movable. A machine tool including a fluid pressure cylinder, wherein the cylinder body is fixed to the movable body, and one end of the rod is connected to the support;
The moving body includes a storage portion in which the cylinder body is stored,
Said cylinder body, in accordance with at least a part is attached to the movable body in a state of being disposed in said receptacle machine tools.

  In this invention, the cylinder body housing portion is formed in the moving body, and at least a part of the cylinder body is disposed in the housing portion and the cylinder body is attached to the moving body. The main body can be provided, and the moving body can be made compact by reducing the lateral width of the moving body as compared with the conventional case where the cylinder main body is provided on both outer sides of the spindle head.

  In addition, the said mobile body may be equipped with the said accommodating part in the vicinity of the said mobile body side guide part. When the point (part) where resistance occurs at the support side guide part and the mobile side guide part when the moving body moves and the point (part) where the moving body is supported by the fluid pressure cylinder are close to each other, It is possible to move the moving body smoothly by reducing the moment generated when the moving body is driven than when the moving body is away. Therefore, it is preferable to form the accommodating part in the vicinity of the movable body side guide part from such a viewpoint.

  Moreover, the said support body side guide part and the mobile body side guide part may be comprised from the sliding guide part. In particular, in the sliding guide, since the resistance (frictional force) generated when the moving body is moved is larger than that of the rolling guide or the like, the above-described effect can be obtained more significantly.

The machine tool further includes a cooling fluid circulation mechanism that circulates a cooling fluid, and the housing portion is formed such that an inner diameter thereof is larger than an outer diameter of the cylinder body, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body is are arranged at the inner peripheral surface and the distance between the accommodating portion, the cooling fluid circulation mechanism, wherein the cooling fluid into the space formed Ru is configured to circulate and supplies between the cylinder body and the mounting hole .

  The temperature of the cylinder body and the rod rises due to frictional heat caused by the sliding resistance between them, and when these heat is transmitted to each part of the moving body and machine tool, they are thermally deformed and the machining accuracy is lowered. In addition, the working fluid in the cylinder body generates heat due to repeated compression and expansion due to the reciprocation of the rod, and the temperature rises. When the temperature of the working fluid rises, the pressure of the working fluid in the cylinder body increases and the fluid The moving body supporting force of the pressure cylinder is increased, and for example, the load applied to the ball screw constituting the feed mechanism changes. When the load applied to the ball screw changes, for example, when the correction amount of the ball screw is set according to the load in a certain reference state, the positioning accuracy is lowered. In particular, when the fluid pressure cylinder is provided in the moving member housing as in the present invention, it is difficult to obtain the cooling effect of the fluid pressure cylinder as compared with the conventional case where the gas cylinder is provided on both outer sides of the spindle head. Therefore, such a problem appears more conspicuously.

  Therefore, if the cylinder body is cooled by the cooling fluid, such a problem can be prevented from occurring. Moreover, when the said accommodating part is provided in the vicinity of the said mobile body side guide part, not only a fluid pressure cylinder but the mobile body side guide part can be cooled together.

  Thus, according to the machine tool of the present invention, the moving body can be made compact even when the moving body is supported by the fluid pressure cylinder.

1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the arrow AA direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the arrow BB direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing which showed the Z-axis guide mechanism which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed the gas cylinder attachment state which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is sectional drawing of the arrow BB direction in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 1 of this example includes a rectangular bed 11, a rectangular column 12 erected on the upper surface of the bed 11, and a vertical direction (Z-axis direction) on the front surface of the column 12. A spindle head 13 that is movably disposed on the spindle head 13, and a spindle 14 that is supported by the spindle head 13 so that its axis is parallel to the Z axis and rotatable about the axis, and a tool (not shown) is mounted at the lower end. The saddle 15 is disposed on the upper surface of the bed 11 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction), and is disposed on the saddle 15 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction orthogonal to both the Z-axis and the Y-axis. A table 16 on which a workpiece (not shown) is placed on the upper surface, a Z-axis guide mechanism 20 for guiding the movement of the spindle head 13 in the Z-axis direction, and a Z-axis feed for moving the spindle head 13 in the Z-axis direction A mechanism 25 and a Y-axis guide mechanism 30 for guiding the movement of the saddle 15 in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis feed mechanism 35 that moves the saddle 15 in the Y-axis direction, the X-axis guide mechanism 40 that guides the movement of the table 16 in the X-axis direction, and the X-axis feed mechanism 45 that moves the table 16 in the X-axis direction. And a pair of gas cylinders 50 that are provided along the vertical direction and support the spindle head 13.

  The Z-axis guide mechanism 20 includes a column side slide guide portion 21 formed along the Z axis on the front surface of the column 12 and a spindle side slide guide portion 22 formed along the Z axis at the rear portion of the spindle head 13. The movement of the spindle head 13 is guided by the engagement relationship of these sliding guide portions 21 and 22. The spindle head side slide guide portions 22 are provided on both sides of the spindle head 13 in the X-axis direction with a space therebetween, and the column side slide guide portions 21 are provided correspondingly. Further, the column side slide guide portion 21 is formed to hold the spindle head side slide guide portion 22.

  The Z-axis feed mechanism 25 includes a drive motor 26 disposed on the column 12, a ball screw 27 disposed on the column 12 along the Z-axis and rotated about the axis by the drive motor 26, and the spindle head 13. It consists of a nut 28 fixed to the center of the rear surface in the X-axis direction and screwed with the ball screw 27. The ball screw 27 is provided between the column side slide guide portions 21, and the nut 28 is provided between the spindle head side slide guide portions 22.

  A bracket 12a is fixed to the lower portion of the front surface of the column 12 with an interval in the X-axis direction, and a receiving hole 13a penetrates vertically in the vicinity of each spindle head side slide guide portion 22 of the spindle head 13. Formed as follows.

  The pair of gas cylinders 50 includes a cylinder main body 51 in which high-pressure nitrogen gas is sealed, and an upper end inserted into the cylinder main body 51 so that the lower end protrudes from the cylinder main body 51 and can reciprocate vertically. The rod 52 is provided, and receives at least a part of the weight of the spindle head 13 by the gas pressure acting on the upper end surface of the rod 52.

  The gas cylinder 50 is not limited to the one having the above configuration, and a piston is slidably fitted into the cylinder body 51, and an upper end of a rod 52 is fixed to the piston. You may be comprised so that at least one part of the weight of the spindle head 13 may be received with the gas pressure which acts on a piston end surface.

  Each cylinder body 51 has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the receiving hole 13a, an upper portion thereof protrudes from the receiving hole 13a, and an outer peripheral surface thereof is an inner peripheral surface of the receiving hole 13a. It arrange | positions in this accommodation hole 13a so that it may space apart. A flange portion 51 a is formed at the lower end of each cylinder body 51, and this flange portion 51 a is attached to the lower surface of the spindle head 13. On the other hand, the lower ends of the rods 52 are respectively attached to the brackets 12a.

  A space S formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body 51 and the inner peripheral surface of the accommodation hole 13a is a seal ring 53 provided on the upper surface of the spindle head 13 and a seal provided on the flange portion 51a. It is kept airtight by a member (not shown).

  Further, the spindle head 13 is further formed with a supply path 13b connected to the lower part of the space S and a discharge path 13c connected to the upper part of the space S. The supply path 13b and the discharge path 13c are formed. Is connected to a cooling oil circulation device 60 for circulating the cooling oil.

  The cooling oil circulation device 60 includes a supply source 61 that supplies cooling oil, a supply pipe 62 that connects the supply source 61 and the supply path 13b, and a recovery pipe 63 that connects the supply source 61 and the discharge path 13c. The cooling oil is supplied from the supply source 61 through the supply pipe 62 and the supply path 13b into the space S, and the supplied cooling oil is supplied from the space S through the discharge path 13c and the recovery pipe 63. The cooling oil is collected and circulated between the space S and the supply source 61.

  The Y-axis guide mechanism 30 includes a guide rail 31 disposed on the upper surface of the bed 11 along the Y-axis, and a slider 32 fixed to the lower surface of the saddle 15 and movably engaged with the guide rail 31. Become. The guide rails 31 are provided at intervals in the X-axis direction.

  The Y-axis feed mechanism 35 includes a drive motor 36 disposed on the bed 11, a ball screw 37 disposed on the bed 11 along the Y-axis and rotated about the axis by the drive motor 36, and the saddle 15. It consists of a nut (not shown) fixed to the center of the lower surface in the X-axis direction and screwed into the ball screw 37.

  The X-axis guide mechanism 40 includes a guide rail 41 disposed on the upper surface of the saddle 15 along the X-axis, and a slider 42 fixed to the lower surface of the table 16 and movably engaged with the guide rail 41. Become. The guide rails 41 are provided at intervals in the Y-axis direction.

  The X-axis feed mechanism 45 includes a drive motor 46 disposed on the saddle 15, a ball screw 47 disposed on the saddle 15 along the X-axis and rotated about the axis by the drive motor 46, and the table 16. A nut (not shown) fixed to the center of the lower surface in the X-axis direction and screwed with the ball screw 47 is formed.

  According to the machine tool 1 of this example configured as described above, the spindle head 13 is supported by the Z-axis feed mechanism 25 (drive motor 26, ball screw 27 and nut 28) and a pair of gas cylinders 50. Therefore, even if the spindle head 13 is heavy, the load on the drive motor 26, the ball screw 27, and the nut 28 can be reduced. As a result, the power consumption and heat generation of the drive motor 26 and the heat generation of the nut 28 can be suppressed, and the ball screw 27 can be prevented from extending due to the heat generation of the drive motor 26 and the nut 28 to reduce the positioning accuracy. it can.

  Further, since the housing hole 13a is formed in the spindle head 13, and the cylinder body 51 is attached to the spindle head 13 so that a part of the cylinder body 51 is disposed in the housing hole 13a, the interior of the spindle head 13 ( The cylinder body 51 can be provided on the inner side, and the lateral width of the spindle head 13 (the width in the X-axis direction) can be reduced to make the spindle head 13 compact compared to the conventional case where the cylinder body is provided on both outer sides of the spindle head. Can be.

  Moreover, since the accommodation hole 13a is formed in the vicinity of the spindle head side slide guide portion 22, the following effects can be obtained. That is, when the spindle head 13 is moved, a point where a frictional resistance is generated between the column side slide guide part 21 and the spindle side slide guide part 22 is separated from a point where the spindle head 13 is supported by the gas cylinder 50. If this is the case, the moment generated when the spindle head 13 is driven becomes larger than when the spindle head 13 is approaching, and the spindle head 13 cannot be smoothly moved. If it is formed in the vicinity of the side slip guide portion 22, the point where the frictional resistance is generated can be brought close to the point supported by the gas cylinder 50, and the moment generated when the spindle head 13 is driven can be reduced to reduce the spindle. The head 13 can be moved smoothly. Further, since the spindle head side slide guide portions 22 are formed on both sides of the ball screw 27 and the nut 28, the housing hole 13a is formed in the spindle head side slide guide portion 22 to be supported by the gas cylinder 50. It is also possible to bring the point being moved closer to the ball screw 27 and the nut 28 (that is, the drive point), and this also reduces the moment generated when the spindle head 13 is driven, thereby moving the spindle head 13 more smoothly. be able to.

  In this example, a space S is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body 51 and the inner peripheral surface of the accommodation hole 13a, and cooling oil is supplied to the space S. It is necessary to cool with the cooling oil because the temperature of the cylinder body 51 and the rod 52 rises due to frictional heat due to the sliding resistance of the cylinder body 51 and the rod 52, and these heats are transmitted to the spindle head 13 and each part of the machine tool 1. This is because these are thermally deformed and processing accuracy is lowered. Further, the nitrogen gas in the cylinder body 51 generates heat due to repeated compression and expansion due to the reciprocating motion of the rod 52 and rises in temperature. When the temperature of the nitrogen gas rises, the pressure of the nitrogen gas in the cylinder body 51 increases. As a result, the supporting force of the gas cylinder 50 increases, and the load applied to the ball screw 27 changes. When the load applied to the ball screw 27 changes, for example, when the correction amount of the ball screw 27 is set according to the load in a certain reference state, the positioning accuracy is lowered. Particularly, when the gas cylinder 50 is provided in the accommodation hole 13a as in this example, the cooling effect of the gas cylinder 50 can be obtained as compared with the conventional case where the gas cylinder is provided on both outer sides of the spindle head. This problem becomes more prominent because it becomes difficult. Further, even if the frictional heat generated in the column side slip guide part 21 and the spindle head side slide guide part 22 is transmitted to each part of the cylinder main body 51 and the machine tool 1, the above-described problems occur.

  Therefore, if the cooling oil is supplied and circulated in the space S, both the gas cylinder 50, the column side sliding guide portion 21 and the spindle head side sliding guide portion 22 can be cooled at the same time. It can be prevented from occurring.

  As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the specific aspect which this invention can take is not limited to this at all.

  In the above example, the spindle head 13 is given as an example of the moving body, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the structures of the Z-axis guide mechanism 20 and the Z-axis feed mechanism 25 are also limited to those in the above example. Is not to be done. For example, in the above example, the column side slide guide portion 21 is formed so as to hold the spindle head side slide guide portion 22. However, as shown in FIG. It may be formed so as to hold the portion 21. In the above example, the Z-axis guide mechanism 20 is a sliding guide, but it may be a rolling guide.

  Further, in place of the accommodation hole 13a, an accommodation groove 13d as shown in FIG. 5 may be formed in the spindle head 13, and the cylinder body 51 may be provided in the accommodation groove 13d. However, in this case, the cooling oil cannot be supplied to the space S between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder body 51 and the inner peripheral surface of the accommodation hole 13a.

  Further, although the function of the gas cylinder 50 is merely supported by the spindle head 13, the gas cylinder 50 may have a function as a balancer instead of simply supporting it. If the spindle head 13 is simply supported, the load applied to the Z-axis feed mechanism 25 when the spindle head 13 is moved downward is greater than that when the spindle head 13 is moved upward, but it has a function as a balancer. By doing so, the load applied to the Z-axis feed mechanism 25 when moving the spindle head 13 upward and downward can be made the same. Furthermore, the number of gas cylinders 50 is not limited at all.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 12 Column 12a Bracket 13 Spindle head 13a Accommodating hole 20 Z-axis guide mechanism 21 Column side slide guide part 22 Spindle head side slide guide part 25 Z axis feed mechanism 26 Drive motor 27 Ball screw 28 Nut 50 Gas cylinder 51 Cylinder body 51a Flange 52 Rod 60 Cooling oil circulation device

Claims (1)

A support body, a movable body provided on the support body so as to be movable in the vertical direction, a support body side guide portion provided on the support body so that a guide direction is along the vertical direction, and the movable body provided with the A guide mechanism that has a movable body side guide portion engaged with the support body side guide portion, guides the movement of the movable body in the vertical direction by the engagement relationship of these guide portions, and a feed mechanism that moves the movable body; A fluid pressure cylinder that is arranged along the vertical direction and supports the moving body, and a cylinder main body filled with a working fluid, and a rod that protrudes from the cylinder main body and is reciprocally movable. A machine tool including a fluid pressure cylinder, wherein the cylinder body is fixed to the movable body, and one end of the rod is connected to the support;
The moving body includes a storage portion in which the cylinder body is stored,
The accommodating portion is formed with an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the cylinder body,
The cylinder body is attached to the moving body in a state where at least a part of the cylinder body is disposed in the housing portion, and an outer peripheral surface thereof is spaced from the inner peripheral surface of the housing portion .
The machine tool further includes a cooling fluid circulation mechanism configured to supply and circulate a cooling fluid in a space formed between the cylinder body and the accommodating portion. machine.

Images