JP5398440B2 - Photoelectric conversion element - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element such as a dye-sensitized solar cell, which can be significantly reduced in price as compared with a silicon-based conventional solar cell.

  Compared to silicon-based conventional solar cells, it is possible to significantly reduce the price, and in the dye-sensitized solar cells that are expected to be put to practical use, the impediment to price reduction is the conductive substrate Is the price. However, in a dye-sensitized solar cell having a conventional structure, the electrode (window electrode) on which light enters is particularly required to have visible light transmission and high conductivity. Substrates coated with transparent conductive metal oxides such as tin-doped indium oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide have been used. Therefore, if a dye-sensitized solar cell having a completely new structure that does not use such a transparent conductive substrate is realized, research and development are being carried out on the assumption that the price of the solar cell can be greatly reduced. .

The general dye-sensitized solar cells so far are mostly flat and stacked structures, and many of them have a structure in which various functional materials are sequentially stacked on a transparent conductive substrate. Yes. (See Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3 and Patent Document 1) Also, for example, a window electrode provided with a transparent conductive film is provided on one surface of a substrate, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer carrying a dye as a counter electrode is provided. A dye-sensitized solar cell having an electrolyte layer between them is known (see Patent Document 2).
On the other hand, in addition to the transparent conductive substrate, dye-sensitized solar cells using a metal plate or foil as an electrode are known. In these dye-sensitized solar cells, either the working electrode or the counter electrode is known. The only electrode is a metal plate or foil, and a transparent conductive substrate is always used for the light incident surface. (See Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4)

  Furthermore, as a dye-sensitized solar cell having another structure, a structure in which a surface of an electrode has two or more surfaces (refer to Patent Documents 3 and 4), a part of a metal wire or a network structure of metal wires. A structure used as an electrode wire (see Patent Documents 5, 6, 7, and 8), a structure in which a metal wire electrode is wound around a rod-shaped counter electrode, and an electrolyte is provided around the electrode (see Patent Document 9) are known.

JP 2003-0777550 A JP 2007-012448 A JP 2007-172916 A JP 2007-172917 A JP 2008-181690 A JP 2008-181691 A JP 2005-196982 A JP 2005-516370 gazette JP 2008-108508 A

O’Regan B., Graetzel M., Alow cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal Tio2 films, Nature, 1991, No. 353, pages 737-739 Japan Patent Office: Standard Technology Collection: “Dye-sensitized solar cell” Japan Patent Office: Patent application technology trend survey: FY 2005 “Dye-sensitized solar cell”

As described above, various structures have been proposed for dye-sensitized solar cells, but in any structure of dye-sensitized solar cells, a transparent conductive substrate is always used for the light incident surface. There was a limit to lower prices.
In addition, in a dye-sensitized solar cell having a structure in which another substrate or layer is laminated on a transparent conductive substrate, it is difficult to impart flexibility to the substrate, and the dye-sensitized solar cell excellent in flexibility. It was difficult to get. In addition, in a dye-sensitized solar cell having a structure in which a metal wire or a network structure of metal wires is used as an electrode wire, or a metal wire electrode is wound around a rod-shaped counter electrode and an electrolyte is provided around the electrode. Since the electrolyte is provided around the counter electrode and the metal wire electrode, there is a limit to downsizing, and the structure is not considered with respect to flexibility.

  The present invention was devised in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has a flexible structure and can realize a significant cost reduction by forming the power generation electrode and the counter electrode into a single woven fabric structure. One object is to provide an element.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a photoelectric conversion element in which at least one first electrode conductor and second electrode conductor, which are separate members, are disposed via an electrolyte. The first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are both linear, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer carrying a dye is formed on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor to form an emitting electrode. The electrode conductor is a counter electrode, and the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are knitted with an interval through an insulator.

In the present invention, in the knitted structure portion formed by weaving the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor, the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are knitted in a state of being insulated from each other via a separating wire. In the braided structure portion, the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor may be arranged via an electrolyte.
In the present invention, at least a part of the first electrode conductor in the length direction is a braided structure part and accommodated inside the electrolyte, and the other part is taken out of the electrolyte to be a current collecting part. Among the second electrode conductors, at least a part of the length direction is a braided structure part and is accommodated in the electrolyte, and the other part is taken out of the electrolyte to be a current collecting part. The structure characterized by may be used.

In the present invention, at least a part of the first electrode conductor and at least a part of the second electrode conductor are extended to the outside of the electrolyte, and a part of the first electrode conductor serves as the first current collector. The second electrode conductor may be a part of the second current collector.
In the present invention, at least one of the first current collector and the second current collector has a knitted structure formed by weaving the first electrode conductor with a current collector in the first current collector. The second current collector may have a knitted structure in which the second electrode conductor is knitted by the current collecting conductor.
In the present invention, the braided structure portion composed of the first electrode conductor, the second electrode conductor, and the insulator is disposed so as to be sandwiched between a pair of films, and an electrolyte is accommodated between the films to be contained in the electrolyte. The knitting structure portion may be in contact with the structure.

  In the present invention, a photoelectric conversion element in which a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged via an electrolyte, and the first electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer carrying a dye on the outer periphery is used as a light emitting electrode. On the other hand, since the second electrode is used as a counter electrode and a braided structure is formed via an insulator, a photoelectric conversion effect can be obtained by the first electrode and the second electrode having the braided structure. Further, the first electrode and the second electrode have a knitted structure, whereby flexibility as a photoelectric conversion element can be provided. Moreover, thinning can be realized by adopting a braided structure.

Since the first electrode and the second electrode are insulated by an insulator, the first electrode and the second electrode are not short-circuited even if flexibility is provided as a braided structure, so that it is reliable as a photoelectric conversion element. Operation can be ensured.
If at least a part of the first electrode and the second electrode is accommodated in the electrolyte as a braided structure and the other part is formed outside the electrolyte as a current collector, a power generation part and a current collection part Can be created separately as separate bodies, and the degree of freedom of structure is improved.
In addition, when an electrolyte is provided in the braided structure portion, it is not necessary to arrange a transparent conductive base material in the portion that accommodates the electrolyte, and a film having only translucency can be applied. You can do it.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the overall structure of the photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a partial structure of the photoelectric conversion element. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the photoelectric conversion element. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a first electrode conductor applied to the photoelectric conversion element.

Although one embodiment of the photoelectric conversion element according to the present invention will be described below, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a photoelectric conversion element (dye-sensitized solar cell module) according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a partial structure of the photoelectric conversion element.
As shown in FIG. 1, the photoelectric conversion element (dye-sensitized solar cell module) A of this embodiment includes a linear first electrode conductor 1 constituting a light emitting electrode and a linear second electrode constituting a counter electrode. A braided structure comprising the electrode conductor 2, the first separate wire 3 and the second separate wire 4 braided together with the electrode conductor 2, and the electrodes 1 and 2 and the separate wires (insulators) 3 and 4 The main part is composed of a part 5, an electrolyte part 6 provided so as to cover the braided structure part 5, and a first current collecting part 7 and a second current collecting part 8 provided on the side part of the electrolyte part 6. Has been.

In the photoelectric conversion element A of this embodiment, the first electrode conductor 1 has a gathering portion 10 partly formed in a meandering reciprocating bent shape and a predetermined length intermittently laterally from the gathering portion 10. It is formed in a bent shape that constitutes a plurality of power generating conductor portions 11 formed so as to protrude in a U shape. 1 and 2, the first electrode conductor 1 on the end portion side of the braided structure portion 5 is not completely U-shaped, and its tip 1a is U-shaped. Although the shape is stopped in the middle, the position of the tip 1a is not particularly defined, and the tip 1a may be formed to extend as it is and return to the gathering portion 10. In this embodiment, in order to align the vertical widths of the current collectors 7 and 8 located on the left and right, as an example, a structure in which the end 1a of the first electrode conductor 1 located at the end of the electrolyte 6 is simply stopped halfway. It is said. Further, the required number of power generating conductor portions 11 provided in the electrolyte portion 6 can be provided according to the size of the photoelectric conversion element A that is required.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of current collecting conductors 12 are arranged in a direction substantially orthogonal to the lateral portion of the first electrode conductor 1 arranged in a meandering manner in the collecting portion 10 shown in FIG. A current collecting section 7 is formed of a braided structure section that is plain-woven so as to alternately cross each first electrode conductor 1 and every other one.

In the photoelectric conversion element A of the present embodiment, the second electrode conductor 2 has a shape similar to that of the first electrode conductor 1 described above. That is, the second electrode conductor 2 is formed so that a part of the second electrode conductor 2 is formed in a meandering reciprocating bent shape, and intermittently protrudes laterally from the aggregate portion 15 to a predetermined length U-shape. It is formed in a bent shape so as to constitute a plurality of power generating conductor portions 16 formed in the above. The U-shaped power generation conductor portion 16 formed by the second electrode conductor 2 is positioned between the plurality of power generation conductor portions 11 formed by the first electrode conductor 1 in plan view. It is extended and formed.
Further, a plurality of current collecting conductors 17 are arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lateral portions of the second electrode conductors 2 arranged in a meandering manner in the collecting portion 15. A current collecting portion 8 is formed of a knitted structure portion that is plain-woven so as to alternately cross every other.

  Next, in the portion where the U-shaped power generation conductor portion 11 composed of the first electrode conductor 1 and the U-shaped power generation conductor portion 16 composed of the second electrode conductor 2 are alternately arranged, The separating wire 3 is arranged in a meandering state between the power generating conductor portion 11 and the power generating conductor portion 16, and further, the separating wire 3, the power generating conductor portion 11 and the power generating conductor portion 11 are arranged in a meandering state. A plurality of separate wire rods 4 are woven and woven so as to intersect with the wire rods 3 and conductor portions 11 and 16 alternately every other side so as to be orthogonal to the lateral portion of the conductor portion 16 for use. Part 5 is configured.

  Next, two rectangular transparent translucent insulating films 19 are arranged so as to cover the braided structure portion 5 from above and below, and the peripheral portions of both films 19 are bonded by bonding means such as adhesion. While being integrated, the electrolyte 18 is accommodated between both films, and the electric power generation part 6 is comprised. The translucent film 19 having the above structure does not need to be a conductive substrate or the like, and may be a simple translucent and insulating resin film. As a constituent material of the film, a resin film such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene aphthalate), polytetrafluoroethylene (registered trademark: Teflon), or the like can be used. Such a resin film can be obtained at a very low cost and is much cheaper than the transparent conductive base material used in this type of conventional dye-sensitized solar cell module. Can reduce the price.

In the photoelectric conversion element 1 of the present embodiment, the first electrode conductor 1 may be exemplified by a wire made of Ti, Ni, W, Rh, Mo, or an alloy thereof, a hollow wire, or the like. it can. In addition, a linear base material made of a material that is electrically conductive and electrochemically inactive with respect to the electrolyte described later is, for example, any one of Ti, Ni, W, Rh, Mo, or these The first electrode conductor 1 may be covered with the above alloy.
Furthermore, a Ti-coated metal wire can be used as the first electrode conductor 1. An example of a method for producing a Ti-coated copper wire as a Ti-coated metal wire will be described. First, Ti is formed into a pipe shape by extrusion molding or the like, and copper is formed into a linear shape by extrusion molding or the like. A copper wire is inserted into the Ti pipe while the wires are running simultaneously, and these are squeezed to bring them into close contact with each other to obtain a Ti-coated copper wire.
The thickness (diameter) of the first electrode conductor 1 as described above is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 10 μm to 5 mm. However, the thickness of the first electrode conductor 1 is preferably thin in order to sufficiently exhibit flexibility.
Further, the cross-sectional shape of the first electrode conductor 1 is not limited to a round shape, but may be a deformed line having a shape such as a rectangular shape or a polygonal shape. When a deformed wire is used, it can be closely woven, so that it is easy to form terminals and attach terminals.

A porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 is provided on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1 as shown in FIG. The porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 is provided so as to cover the first electrode conductor 1, and a sensitizing dye is supported on at least a part of the surface thereof.
Note that the porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 may cover only a part of the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1, but there is a decrease in light collection capability, promotion of reverse electron transfer reaction, etc. It is preferable to completely cover the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1.

The semiconductor for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 is not particularly limited, and any semiconductor can be used as long as it is used for forming a porous oxide semiconductor for a general dye-sensitized solar cell. be able to. As such a semiconductor, for example, titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), zinc oxide (ZnO), niobium oxide (Nb ₂ O ₅ ), tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ), or the like can be used. .

As a method for forming the porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1, for example, a dispersion obtained by dispersing commercially available oxide semiconductor fine particles in a desired dispersion medium, or a sol-gel method. A method in which a desired additive is added to a colloidal solution that can be prepared, and then disposed on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1 by a method such as dipping, coating, or extruding, followed by firing. Is mentioned.
The thickness of the porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 is not particularly limited, but may be 1 μm to 50 μm, for example.

  Examples of sensitizing dyes include ruthenium complexes containing bipyridine or terpyridine structures as ligands, metal-containing complexes such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, and organic dyes such as eosin, rhodamine and merocyanine. From these, those having an excitation behavior suitable for the application and the semiconductor used may be appropriately selected.

The second electrode conductor 2 has a linear shape and is made of, for example, platinum (Pt), carbon, or a conductive polymer. Also, a linear substrate made of a material that is electrically conductive and electrochemically inert to the electrolyte is coated with Pt, or the linear substrate is coated with carbon or a conductive polymer. This can also be used as the second electrode conductor 2. In such a second electrode conductor 2, transfer of charges with the electrolyte proceeds promptly.
Specific examples of such a linear substrate include inert metals such as Ti, Ni, W, Rh, and Mo, or carbon fibers. Moreover, you may use Ti covering copper wire demonstrated previously.

Specifically, as the carbon, for example, particles such as graphitized (crystallized) carbon or amorphous carbon, fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, and carbon black may be pasted and applied. When such carbon is used, it is preferable to remove unnecessary adsorbate by heating, baking treatment, etc., because the electrode reaction of the iodine redox couple proceeds smoothly.
Examples of the conductive polymer constituting the material of the second electrode conductor 2 include PEDOT [Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): “polyethylenedioxythiophene]] derivative, PANI [Polyaniline] derivative, and the like. Can be mentioned.

  The oxide semiconductor particles are not particularly limited in terms of the type and particle size of the substance, but are excellent in miscibility with an electrolyte mainly composed of an ionic liquid of an electrolyte described later, and cause the electrolyte to gel. Is used. Further, the oxide semiconductor particles are required to have excellent chemical stability against other coexisting components contained in the electrolyte without reducing the semiconductivity of the electrolyte. In particular, even when the electrolyte contains a redox pair such as iodine / iodide ions or bromine / bromide ions, the oxide semiconductor particles are preferably those that do not deteriorate due to an oxidation reaction.

Examples of such oxide semiconductor particles include TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , SiO ₂ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , In ₂ O ₃ , ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , WO ₃ , SrTiO ₃ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , One or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of La ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , Ho ₂ O ₃ , Bi ₂ O ₃ , CeO ₂ is preferable, and the average particle diameter is 2 nm to 1000 nm. be able to.

As the conductive fine particles, conductive particles such as a conductor and a semiconductor are used.
Further, the type and particle size of the conductive particles are not particularly limited, and those that are excellent in miscibility with an electrolytic solution mainly composed of an ionic liquid and that gel this electrolytic solution are used. Furthermore, it is necessary to be excellent in chemical stability against other coexisting components contained in the electrolyte. In particular, even when the electrolyte contains an oxidation / reduction pair such as iodine / iodide ion or bromine / bromide ion, an electrolyte that does not deteriorate due to oxidation reaction is preferable.
Examples of such conductive fine particles include those composed mainly of carbon, and specific examples include particles such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and carbon black. All methods for producing these substances are known, and commercially available products can also be used.

For the electrolyte layer 18, an electrolytic solution, a gel electrolyte, an ionic liquid, or the like can be used.
As the electrolytic solution, an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte component such as iodine, iodide ion, or tertiary butyl pyridine is dissolved in an organic solvent or ionic liquid such as ethylene carbonate or methoxyacetonitrile is used.
Examples of the gelling agent used for gelling the electrolytic solution include polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyethylene oxide derivative, and an amino acid derivative.
Although it does not specifically limit as said ionic liquid, It is a liquid at room temperature, For example, the normal temperature molten salt which used the compound which has the quaternized nitrogen atom as a cation is mentioned.
Examples of the cation of the room temperature molten salt include quaternized imidazolium derivatives, quaternized pyridinium derivatives, and quaternized ammonium derivatives.
Examples of the anion of the ambient temperature molten _{^{salt, BF 4 -, PF 6 -}} , (HF) n -, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide _{[N (CF 3 S0 2)} 2 -], and the like iodide ion.
Specific examples of the ionic liquid include salts composed of quaternized imidazolium-based cations and iodide ions or bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide ions.

When the photoelectric conversion element A configured as described above is connected to the current collectors 7 and 8 via a connecting conductor, when a light beam such as sunlight is incident through the translucent film 19, the knitted structure Since the dye on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor 1 disposed in the portion 5 absorbs light and emits electrons, the electrons move to the porous oxide semiconductor layer 20 and the first electrode conductor 1 The second electrode conductor 2 is moved to the current collector 7 and goes around the current collector 8 via the connection conductor of the electrical equipment connected to the current collector 7, and is disposed in the braided structure 5. Through the photoelectric conversion phenomenon in which the ions of the electrolyte 18 are reduced via this and the reduced ions are oxidized again on the dye, electricity flows and can be used as a photoelectric conversion element.
In the photoelectric conversion element A of this embodiment, since the structural part that is the main body of power generation is composed of the braided structural part 5, the films 19, 19 and the electrolyte 18, it is excellent in flexibility. In the photoelectric conversion element A of this embodiment, since the current collectors 7 and 8 are also knitted, the current collectors 7 and 8 are also excellent in flexibility. Therefore, the whole photoelectric conversion element A of this embodiment is excellent in flexibility. In addition, since the photoelectric conversion element A of this embodiment is almost entirely knitted, the structure can be reduced.

  Further, in the braided structure portion 5, the first electrode conductor 1 and the second electrode conductor 2 have an insulating separation wire 3 interposed therebetween, and an insulating separation wire 4 is included between them. Since the first electrode conductor 1 and the second electrode conductor 2 are reliably insulated from each other, the second electrode conductor serving as the counter electrode and the first electrode conductor 1 serving as the emitting electrode are ensured. 2 has the feature of preventing short circuit. In particular, even when the braided structure portion 5 has flexibility and is deformed, it is possible to reliably prevent a short circuit between the first electrode conductor 1 and the second electrode conductor 2 serving as a counter electrode.

  By the way, in the structure of the photoelectric conversion element A shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first electrode conductor 1, the second electrode conductor 2, and the separating wires 3 and 4 are folded into a plain weave shape. The folding method is not limited to a plain weave, and any shape can be used as long as the first electrode conductor 1 and the second electrode conductor 2 can be provided with flexibility so as not to short-circuit.

A photoelectric conversion element having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was produced. A Ti wire having a diameter of 0.25 mm is dipped in a TiO ₂ paste (PST-21NR manufactured by Catalyst Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), pulled up, temporarily dried, and sintered in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. A Ti wire (first electrode conductor) with a porous TiO ₂ film was obtained. The film thickness of the porous TiO ₂ film of this Ti wire was about 15 μm. This first electrode conductor was immersed in a ruthenium dye (N719) 0.3 mM, acetonitrile / Tert-butanol = 1: 1 solution, and the dye was supported on a porous TiO ₂ film, which was used as a working electrode.

  As a counter electrode, a ternary RF sputtering apparatus was used, and a platinum electrode deposited on a Ti wire having a diameter of 0.25 mm (second electrode conductor) was used. As the insulating wire for insulation, a polyester wire twisted to a diameter of 0.25 mm was used. In addition, a Cu wire having a diameter of 0.25 mm was used for the current collecting wire.

A fold structure of the structure shown in FIG. 1 is produced using the first electrode conductor, the second electrode conductor, the separating wire, and the current collecting wire, thereby forming a single woven fabric.
Further, a part of this fabric is laminated with two sheets of PET film, and the peripheral portions of the two PET films are bonded together leaving an injection port, and a volatile electrolyte using methoxyacetonitrile as a solvent is injected from the injection port. The inlet was sealed with UV adhesive.
The size of the folding structure portion of the power generation unit is 50 × 50 mm, and a structure in which 60 portions of the first electrode conductor bent in a U shape and 60 second electrode conductors are arranged in this range.

The photoelectric conversion element having the above configuration was irradiated with light with a solar simulator (AM1.5, 100 mW / cm ² ) and the current-potential curve was measured, and it was found that the conversion efficiency was 1.1%.
Further, when this photoelectric conversion element was bent, the conversion efficiency did not fluctuate and kept constant.
From the above, it has been found that it is possible to provide a photoelectric conversion element which is rich in flexibility and excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency.

  A ... photoelectric conversion element (dye-sensitized solar module), 1 ... first electrode conductor, 2 ... second electrode conductor, 3, 4 ... wire for separation (insulator), 5 ... braided structure, 6 ... Electrolyte part, 7 ... first current collecting part, 8 ... second current collecting part, 10, 15 ... collecting part, 11, 16 ... electric power generating conductor part, 12, 17 ... current collecting conductor, 18 ... electrolyte, 19 ... film, 20 ... porous oxide semiconductor layer.

Claims (5)

The first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor forming separate bodies are at least one photoelectric conversion element arranged via an electrolyte,
The first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are both linear, and a porous oxide semiconductor layer carrying a dye is formed on the outer periphery of the first electrode conductor to form an emitting electrode. A photoelectric conversion element comprising: two electrode conductors as a counter electrode; and the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are knitted at intervals through an insulator.   In the knitted structure portion formed by knitting the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor, the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are knitted in a state of being insulated from each other via a separating wire. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode conductor and the second electrode conductor are arranged via an electrolyte in the braided structure portion.   Of the first electrode conductor, at least a part in the length direction is a braided structure part and is in contact with the electrolyte, and the other part is taken out of the electrolyte to be a first current collecting part, Among the two electrode conductors, at least a part of the length direction is a braided structure part and is in contact with the electrolyte, and the other part is taken out of the electrolyte to be a second current collecting part. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 or 2.   At least one of the first current collector and the second current collector has a knitted structure in which a first electrode conductor is knitted by a current collector in the first current collector. 4. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 3, wherein the electric part has a knitted structure formed by weaving the second electrode conductor with a current collecting conductor.   The braided structure portion composed of the first electrode conductor, the second electrode conductor, and the insulator is disposed between a pair of films, and an electrolyte is accommodated between the films, and the braided structure portion is placed in the electrolyte. The photoelectric conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion element is in contact with each other.

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