JP5373939B2 - Cogeneration system and operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a co-generation system capable of operating while reducing the consumption of primary energy or the light and fuel expenses, etc. <P>SOLUTION: A co-generation system 1 supplies electricity and heat which are generated by a power and heat supply apparatus 100 and electricity which is input from a commercial power system 50. In the co-generation system 1, a demand forecast calculation section 85 forecasts a power amount demanded and a heat amount demanded. An energy consumption forecast calculation section 86 calculates, for each operation method of the power and heat supply apparatus 100, a first consumption forecast concerning the fuel which is consumed by the power and heat supply apparatus 100 and a second consumption forecast concerning the fuel which is required to generate the electricity of the system for supplying the electricity and the heat corresponding to the power demand and the heat demand. An optimum operation selection section 87 selects an operation method on the basis of the first consumption forecast and the second consumption forecast, and controls the operation of the power and heat supply apparatus 100 in accordance with the operation method selected by a control section 13. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2013,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cogeneration system that supplies generated electric power and heat, and an operation method of the cogeneration system.

  As this type of cogeneration system, there is one having a fuel cell that generates heat when generating electric power. For example, Patent Document 1 described below describes a cogeneration system that controls the operation of this fuel cell so as to generate electric power following a power load.

JP 2005-25986 A

  By the way, the cogeneration system is required to operate efficiently while suppressing the consumption of primary energy or the utility cost. However, the cogeneration system described in Patent Document 1 generates power according to the power load regardless of the efficiency, so it is difficult to improve the efficiency.

  In general, since a fuel cell generates heat when generating power, the amount of generated power and the amount of generated heat cannot be controlled. Furthermore, since a cogeneration system supplies electric power and heat according to a demand pattern which changes with users, it is difficult to specify an efficient operation method.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system and an operation method capable of efficient operation while suppressing consumption of primary energy or utility cost.

The cogeneration system of the present invention is a cogeneration system that supplies electric power and heat generated by a power supply heat device and power input from a supply source different from the power supply heat device. Power supply heat by a combination of a prediction means for predicting the power supply heat device start timing, the operation time from the power supply heat device start timing, and the maximum output value during operation of the power supply heat device set from a plurality of values The first predicted consumption related to the fuel consumed in the power supply heat device to supply power and heat according to the power demand and heat demand predicted by the prediction means for each operation method by load following of the device And a calculating means for calculating a second predicted consumption related to the fuel required to generate electric power input from another supply source, and a calculating means Selection means for selecting an operation method based on the calculated first predicted consumption amount and second predicted consumption amount, and control means for controlling the operation of the power supply heat apparatus according to the operation method selected by the selection means. It is characterized by providing.

  In the cogeneration system of the present invention, the predicting means predicts the power demand amount and the heat demand amount, and the calculating means is the first predicted consumption amount related to the fuel consumed by the power supply heat apparatus and the power input from another supply source. The second predicted consumption related to the fuel required to generate the power is calculated for each operation method of the power supply heat apparatus. Thereby, the predicted consumption of the fuel consumed in order to supply electric power and heat by the cogeneration system is calculated for each operation method of the feeding heat apparatus. And since a selection means selects an operation method based on the 1st prediction consumption amount and the 2nd prediction consumption amount, the efficient operation method according to the fuel consumption amount can be selected. Thereby, the operation | movement which suppressed the consumption of primary energy or the utility bill by the control means can be performed.

  Preferably, the calculation means calculates a primary energy amount of fuel consumed by the power supply heat device as the first predicted consumption amount, and generates electric power input from another supply source as the second predicted consumption amount. The total amount of primary energy consumed to generate the power and heat supplied by the cogeneration system is calculated by calculating the primary energy amount of fuel required for the selection, and the selection means is calculated by the calculation means The operation method is selected based on the total primary energy.

  Thereby, the efficient driving | running which suppressed the primary energy amount consumed in order to supply electric power and heat can be performed. For example, it is possible to save energy by selecting an operation method that minimizes the amount of primary energy consumed to supply power and heat.

  Preferably, the prediction unit updates the power demand amount and the heat demand amount by performing prediction every predetermined time, and the calculation unit calculates based on the power demand amount and the heat demand amount updated by the prediction unit. Updating the first predicted consumption amount and the second predicted consumption amount, the selection means updates the selection result by selecting the driving method based on the calculation result updated by the calculation means, and the control means includes: The operation of the power supply heat device is controlled according to the operation method updated by the selection means.

  Thereby, even if there is an error in the predicted power demand or heat demand, since the operation method is updated every predetermined time, the optimum operation method can be selected while suppressing the error.

  Preferably, storage means is provided for storing a parameter that is necessary for calculating the first predicted consumption amount and varies depending on the outside air temperature according to the outside air temperature, and the calculating means includes the outside air temperature and the parameter stored in the storage means. Based on the above, the first predicted consumption is calculated.

  In this case, it is possible to accurately predict the first predicted consumption that varies depending on the outside air temperature. Therefore, even when it is installed in an area such as a cold region, the optimum operation method can be selected.

  Preferably, the storage means stores, as a parameter, information indicating energy consumption during standby of the power supply heat apparatus for each outside temperature.

  Preferably, the storage means has, as parameters used in the calculation means, input energy for each output, power generation efficiency for each output, power generation efficiency for each output, heat recovery efficiency for each output, energy consumption at startup, energy for each output. Fuel cell heat recovery water outlet temperature, rated output, minimum output, energy consumption during stop operation, load following speed, energy consumption during standby, hot water tank capacity, heat dissipation rate of hot water tank, heat dissipation rate of each pipe, fuel Stores information indicating the allowable temperature of battery cooling water, the efficiency of a backup boiler, and the power generation efficiency of system power.

  Preferably, the storage means includes information indicating heat recovery efficiency by output for each outside air temperature, fuel cell heat recovery water outlet temperature by output, capacity of the hot water tank, heat release rate of the hot water tank, and heat release rate of each pipe. Is stored.

  Preferably, the storage unit stores information indicating energy consumption during standby and energy consumption during start-up for each outside air temperature and for each elapsed time after the operation is stopped.

  Preferably, the apparatus includes a measurement unit that measures a value related to the performance of the power supply heat device, and an update unit that updates a parameter related to the performance of the power supply heat device based on the value measured by the measurement unit. The first predicted consumption is calculated using the parameter updated by the means.

  In this case, even if the power supply heat device has deteriorated over time, or even if there is a difference in the performance of the power supply heat device, a value related to the performance of the power supply heat device is measured and measured. Since the parameter relating to the performance of the power supply heat device is updated based on the obtained value, the calculation means can calculate the first predicted consumption amount according to the performance of the actual power supply heat device. Therefore, it is possible to select a more optimal driving method while suppressing errors.

The operation method of the present invention is an operation method of a cogeneration system that supplies power and heat generated by a power supply heat device and power input from a supply source different from the power supply heat device. By the combination of the prediction step for predicting the demand, the start timing of the feed heat device, the operation time from the start timing of the feed heat device, and the maximum output value during operation of the feed heat device set from a plurality of values First prediction regarding fuel consumed in the power supply heat device for supplying power and heat according to the power demand and heat demand predicted in the prediction step for each operation method of the power supply heat device by load following A calculation step for calculating a second predicted consumption related to the fuel required to generate consumption and power input from another source; A selection step for selecting an operation method based on the first predicted consumption amount and the second prediction consumption amount calculated in step, and a control step for controlling the operation of the power supply heat device according to the operation method selected in the selection step; , Including.

  According to the cogeneration system and the operation method of the present invention, it is possible to perform more efficient operation while suppressing consumption of primary energy or utility cost.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the operation control apparatus with which the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment is provided. It is a figure which shows the data stored in the fuel cell parameter storage part with which the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment is provided. It is a flowchart which shows the calculation procedure of the total primary energy amount in the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the selection procedure of the operating method in the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the reduction rate of the primary energy according to the operation time and starting time in the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the calculation procedure of the utility bill in the cogeneration system which concerns on this embodiment.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a cogeneration system according to the present embodiment. The cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment is a system that is installed in, for example, a household, generates electric power and heat, and supplies electric power and heat generated according to the electric power demand and heat demand of the household.

  The cogeneration system 1 includes a fuel cell unit 10, a hot water tank unit 20, and a water heater 30. The cogeneration system 1 supplies electric power by supplying the electric power generated by the fuel cell unit 10 to the electric equipment EI. And the cogeneration system 1 supplies heat by storing the water heated with the heat | fever generated with the electric power generation of the fuel cell unit 10 in the hot water storage tank unit 20, and supplying it to the thermal equipment HI using the hot water heater 30. To do.

  First, the fuel cell unit 10 will be described. The fuel cell unit 10 includes a fuel cell device 11, a heat exchanger 12, and a control unit 13. The fuel cell device 11 is connected to the fuel system 70 via a first fuel pipe 71. The fuel cell device 11 generates power using the first fuel (for example, kerosene) supplied from the fuel system 70. The fuel cell device 11 includes, for example, a reforming device, a fuel cell, and a burner.

  First, in the fuel cell device 11, the reformer reforms the supplied first fuel to generate hydrogen. The burner is for supplying reforming reaction heat of the reformer. The first fuel is used as the burner fuel. Then, the fuel cell inputs the hydrogen generated by the reformer and generates power by a chemical reaction. The off-gas discharged from the fuel cell contains unreacted hydrogen, which can be used as fuel for the burner. The electric power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the thermal equipment HI through the power line 15.

  The power line 15 that connects the fuel cell device 11 and the electric device EI is connected to a power line 51 that transmits power supplied from the commercial power system 50. Thereby, the cogeneration system 1 supplies not only the electric power generated by the fuel cell device 11 but also the electric power input from the commercial electric power system 50 to the electric equipment EI via the electric power line 15.

  An ammeter 46 is installed on the power line 51, and the ammeter 46 measures the grid power supplied from the commercial power grid 50 to the electrical equipment EI as a current value. Further, the fuel cell device 11 is provided with an ammeter (not shown) capable of measuring the electric power generated by the fuel cell device 11. Therefore, the cogeneration system 1 can grasp the grid power amount supplied from the commercial power grid 50 and the power amount generated by the fuel cell device 11.

  The fuel cell device 11 generates heat with power generation. The heat exchanger 12 recovers heat generated in the fuel cell device 11 and transmits heat to the water in the heat recovery pipes 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B that circulates water between the heat exchanger 12 and the hot water tank unit 20. . The heat exchanger 12 transfers heat to the water in the heat recovery pipe 2 </ b> B that has flowed out of the hot water tank 21, and flows the heat transferred into the heat recovery pipe 2 </ b> A that flows into the hot water tank 21.

  The control unit 13 is a means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell device 11 and controls the operation of the fuel cell device 11 based on a signal from the operation control device 80 described later. The control unit 13 controls the operation based on a signal output from the operation control device 80 and indicating the start timing, the operation time, and the maximum output of the fuel cell device 11.

  The fuel cell unit 10 further includes a performance measuring instrument 14 that measures values related to the performance of the fuel cell unit 10. The performance measuring instrument 14 includes power generation efficiency by output, exhaust heat recovery efficiency by output, energy at startup, fuel cell exhaust heat recovery water outlet temperature by output, rated output, minimum output, energy consumption during stop operation, load Measure the values required to calculate the following speed and standby energy consumption. For example, the performance measuring instrument 14 includes a flow meter that measures the amount of the first fuel supplied from the fuel system 70 to the fuel cell unit 10, an ammeter that measures the amount of power generation, the heat recovery pipe 2A and the heat exchanger 12. And a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the connecting portion (fuel cell exhaust heat recovery water outlet).

  Subsequently, the hot water tank unit 20 and the water heater 30 will be described. The hot water storage tank unit 20 includes a hot water storage tank 21 and a three-way valve 25, which are connected to the hot water heater 30 via a first hot water supply pipe 22, a pipe 23, a water supply pipe 24, and a second hot water supply pipe 26. It is connected.

  The hot water storage tank 21 is a tank that stores water that has been heat-transferred in the heat exchanger 12. The hot water storage tank 21 is connected to the heat recovery pipe 2A in the upper part, and the water transferred by the heat exchanger 12 can flow into the hot water storage tank 21 through the heat recovery pipe 2A. It has become. The hot water storage tank 21 is connected to the heat recovery pipe 2 </ b> B at the lower part, and water stored in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 21 can flow into the heat exchanger 12.

  The hot water tank unit 20 is provided with a thermometer (not shown) that can measure the temperature of the water stored in the hot water tank 21. A plurality of thermometers are provided inside the casing of the hot water tank unit 20 along the vertical direction. A thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like can be used as the thermometer.

  The hot water storage tank 21 is further connected to the first hot water supply pipe 22 at the upper part, and is configured to discharge hot water stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 21. The hot water tank 21 is connected to the pipe 23 at the lower part, and is configured to be able to supply clean water from the lower part of the hot water tank 21. Clean water flows into the pipe 23 from the clean water pipe 24. A flow meter 43 is connected on the pipe 23 to measure the flow rate of clean water supplied to the hot water tank 21.

  The three-way valve 25 is configured to be able to supply water flowing in from both the first hot water piping 22 and the tap water piping 24 to the second hot water piping 26. The water supply pipe 24 is connected to a water pipe 61 that supplies water from a commercial water supply system 60 to the hot water tank 21. The water or one of the waters mixed with the water carried by the first hot water piping 22 and the water carried by the tap water pipe 24 is supplied to the hot water heater 30 through the second hot water piping 26. .

  The water heater 30 supplies the water flowing in from the second hot water supply pipe 26 to the thermal equipment HI through the hot water supply pipe 3. A flow meter 44 is connected on the piping 3 for hot water, and measures the flow rate of water flowing into the thermal equipment HI. The water heater 30 includes a backup boiler 31 and heats the water flowing in from the second hot water supply pipe 26 by the backup boiler 31 as necessary. The backup boiler 31 is connected to the fuel system 70 via the second fuel pipe 72 connected to the first fuel pipe 71, and burns using the first fuel. The water heater 30 includes a thermometer (not shown) that can measure the temperature of water to be supplied. A thermocouple, thermistor, or the like is used as the thermometer, but is not limited to this.

  The cogeneration system 1 configured as described above supplies the electric power generated by the fuel cell unit 10 to the electric equipment EI, and stores the water heated by the heat generated by the electric power generation in the hot water storage tank 21 to produce the thermal equipment. Supply to HI. The water supplied to the thermal equipment HI is heated and supplied by the backup boiler 31 when the required temperature is not reached only by the heat from the fuel cell unit 10. That is, the power supply heating apparatus 100 including the fuel cell unit 10, the hot water tank unit 20, and the hot water heater 30 generates and supplies electric power and heat using the first fuel. And the cogeneration system 1 inputs and supplies commercial electric energy from the commercial power grid 50 complementarily. The amount of supplied power, the amount of hot water supply, the amount of consumption of the first fuel, and the like of the cogeneration system 1 can be grasped by each thermometer, flow meter, and wattmeter.

  The cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment further includes an outside air temperature sensor 90, a performance measuring instrument 14, and an operation control device 80.

  The outside air temperature sensor 90 is a sensor that acquires outside air temperature information. The cogeneration system 1 is often installed outside a house, and the outside air temperature sensor 90 measures the temperature of the environment where the cogeneration system 1 is installed. The outside air temperature sensor 90 outputs the acquired outside air temperature information to the operation control device 80. The outside air temperature sensor 90 can be a thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like.

  The operation control device 80 is, for example, a device that performs electronic control, and includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), an input / output interface, and the like. Further, when the fuel cell unit 10 or the hot water tank unit 20 is provided with a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, it may operate using the hardware resources.

  The input / output interface of the operation control device 80 includes a performance measuring instrument 14 for measuring values relating to the performance of the fuel cell unit 10, a hot water tank unit 20 and a thermometer provided therein, a hot water heater 30 and a thermometer provided therein, and an outside air temperature sensor 90. The weather forecast center 91, the flow meters 43 and 44, and the ammeter 46 are logically connected directly or via a network, so that signals can be transmitted and received.

  The weather forecast center 91 is an information source that provides current outside air temperature information, predicted outside air temperature information, and average outside air temperature information six hours before the present. And the operation control apparatus 80 inputs the information which shows outside temperature from the outside temperature sensor 90 or the weather forecast center 91, and controls the driving | operation of the fuel cell unit 10 and the hot water tank unit 20 based on outside temperature information.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the operation control device 80 includes an electric heat demand history storage unit 81, a current data storage unit 82, a fuel cell parameter storage unit (storage unit) 83, and a parameter update unit (update unit) 84. A demand prediction calculation unit (prediction unit) 85, a predicted consumption energy calculation unit (calculation unit) 86, and an optimum operation selection unit (selection unit) 87 for performing information processing using data stored in each storage unit are provided. .

  The electric heat demand history storage unit 81 calculates the electric heat demand of the cogeneration system 1 based on information from each measuring instrument input to the operation control device 80, and stores the electric heat demand corresponding to the outside air temperature information and the measurement time. . The stored electric heat demand is the amount of electric power and the amount of heat consumed by the user of the cogeneration system 1.

  The amount of power is the amount of power supplied to the electrical device EI. In addition, the amount of power includes standby power consumed by the power supply heat device 100 itself. The standby power includes power supplied to the anti-freezing heater included in the power supply heat device 100 in the cogeneration system 1 installed in a cold region.

  This amount of power is the sum of the amount of power supplied from the commercial power system 50 and the amount of power supplied from the fuel cell device 11. The amount of power supplied from the commercial power system 50 is calculated from the current value measured by the ammeter 46, and the amount of power supplied from the fuel cell device 11 is measured by the performance measuring instrument 14 provided in the fuel cell unit 10. Calculated from the measured current value.

  The amount of heat is the amount of heat supplied to the thermal equipment HI. This amount of heat is the sum of the amount of heat supplied from the fuel cell device 11 and the amount of heat supplied from the backup boiler 31. The amount of heat is calculated based on the amount of water supplied from the water heater 30 and the temperature. The amount of supplied water is measured by the flow meter 44, and the temperature is measured by a thermometer (not shown) provided in the water heater 30. The past electric heat demand calculated in this way is stored by the electric heat demand history storage unit 81 by time zone and by outside temperature.

  The current data storage unit 82 receives and stores data relating to the current state of the cogeneration system 1. Specifically, the current data storage unit 82 inputs temperature information output from a plurality of thermometers arranged along the vertical direction inside the hot water tank 21. Thereby, the current data storage unit 82 stores information indicating the temperature distribution state of the water stored in the hot water tank 21.

  Further, the current data storage unit 82 stores temperature information of the water input from a thermometer (not shown) that measures the temperature of the water. The current data storage unit 82 stores outside air temperature information input from the outside air temperature sensor 90. The current data storage unit 82 receives operation information indicating whether or not the fuel cell device 11 is in operation, and inputs and stores the current power demand and hot water supply demand (heat demand).

  The fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 stores performance parameters related to the power generation performance and heat generation performance of the fuel cell unit 10. Performance parameters include input energy by output, power generation efficiency by output, heat recovery efficiency by output, energy consumption at startup, fuel cell heat recovery water outlet temperature by output, rated output, minimum output, and stop operation Energy consumption, load following speed, standby energy consumption, hot water tank capacity, hot water heat release rate, heat release rate of each pipe, allowable temperature of fuel cell coolant, backup boiler efficiency, grid power generation efficiency Etc. are included.

  The fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 stores data on the heat recovery efficiency for each output, the fuel cell heat recovery water outlet temperature for each output, the capacity of the hot water tank, the heat release rate of the hot water tank, and the heat release rate of each pipe for each outside temperature. Is stored. Further, the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 considers the energy when operating the anti-freezing heater with respect to the energy consumption during standby and the energy consumption during start-up, and after the operation is stopped for each outside temperature. It is preferable to store data by elapsed time.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 stores standby power (consumption energy during standby) for each outside air temperature. The table shown in FIG. 3 shows parameters set when the elapsed time from the stop of operation is about 8 hours.

  The performance parameters stored in the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 have initial values set in advance, and are updated by the parameter update unit 84 when the cogeneration system 1 is actually operated. Performance parameters to be updated are, for example, power generation efficiency by output, exhaust heat recovery efficiency by output, energy at startup, fuel cell exhaust heat recovery water outlet temperature by output, rated output, minimum output, consumption during stop operation Energy, load following speed, standby energy consumption, and the like.

  The parameter update unit 84 calculates the current performance parameter of the fuel cell unit 10 based on the data input from the performance measuring instrument 14 and updates the performance parameter stored in the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83. For example, the parameter update unit 84 updates the performance parameter every time it is operated for about 1000 hours.

  The demand prediction calculation unit 85 predicts the electric heat demand of the cogeneration system 1 after the current time. Based on the present or predicted future outside air temperature information and the past electric heat demand stored in the electric heat demand history storage unit 81, the demand prediction calculation unit 85 calculates the predicted electric power demand from the present to 24 hours later, Predict the predicted electric heat demand. This prediction is performed, for example, every hour using an existing technique. Further, the demand prediction calculation unit 85 outputs the predicted future electric heat demand amount to the prediction consumption energy calculation unit 86.

  The predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 calculates the total primary energy amount required when power and heat are supplied according to the electric heat demand amount from the current time predicted by the demand prediction calculation unit 85 to 24 hours later. The predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 performs calculation using parameters stored in the current data storage unit 82 and the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83. The total primary energy amount to be calculated is the primary energy amount consumed by the power supply heat apparatus 100 (first predicted consumption amount) and the primary energy amount required to generate electric power input from the commercial power system 50. (Second predicted consumption amount) and the primary energy amount indicating the sum of the two.

  As the amount of primary energy consumed in the power supply heat apparatus 100, a value obtained by converting the amount of the first fuel supplied to the fuel cell unit 10 into the amount of primary energy (consumed primary energy FCE) and the amount of primary energy supplied to the water heater 30. A value obtained by converting the amount of the first fuel into a primary energy amount (consumed primary energy BUE) is used. Further, the primary energy amount for the commercial power system 50 is a value obtained by converting the amount of the second fuel necessary for supplying the commercial power amount input to the cogeneration system 1 at the power plant into the primary energy amount ( Consumed primary energy KTE) is used. This consumed primary energy KTE can be calculated from the grid power supplied from the commercial power grid 50 measured by the ammeter 46.

  The predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 adds the consumption primary energy FCE, the consumption primary energy BUE, and the consumption primary energy KTE. Accordingly, the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 is required to calculate the primary energy of the first fuel consumed by the power supply heat apparatus 100 and to generate the grid power input from the commercial power grid 50. The primary energy of the second fuel is calculated to calculate the total primary energy amount.

  The predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 calculates the total primary energy amount for each operation method of the fuel cell device 11. The operation method of the fuel cell device 11 has a plurality of operation patterns determined by a combination of the start timing of the fuel cell device 11, the operation time from the start timing, and the maximum output value during operation. The predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 calculates the total primary energy amount for each of the plurality of operation methods every hour when the electric heat demand is output from the demand prediction calculation unit 85. Then, the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 outputs a calculation result in which the information indicating the operation method is associated with the total primary energy amount to the optimum operation selection unit 87.

  The optimum operation selection unit 87 selects an operation method with the smallest total primary energy amount based on the input calculation result. Then, as information indicating the operation method, information indicating the start timing, the operation time, and the maximum output value during operation is output to the control unit 13 of the fuel cell unit 10. As information indicating the activation timing, information indicating the time from the present to the activation may be used, or information indicating the activation time may be used. The optimum operation selection unit 87 selects an optimum operation method and outputs it to the control unit 13 every hour when the calculation result is input.

  Thereby, the control unit 13 controls the operation of the fuel cell device 11 by setting the start timing, the operation time, and the maximum output value of the fuel cell device 11 so as to achieve the operation method in which the total primary energy amount becomes the smallest. . Since the optimum operation method is updated every hour, the fuel cell device 11 is controlled in accordance with the operation method updated every hour.

  Subsequently, a procedure in which the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 calculates the total primary energy amount will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a calculation procedure of the total primary energy amount in the cogeneration system according to the present embodiment.

  First, a parameter indicating an operation method to be calculated is read (step S1). The parameters are the time S from the current time to the start of activation, the operation time Ope, and the maximum output MAXW. The current output W is also read. Subsequently, T = 0 is set (step S2), and the predicted power demand after T time is read from the demand prediction calculation unit 85 (step S3).

  Then, a power generation output for supplying the predicted power demand after T time is determined (step S4). Based on the determined power generation output, the consumed primary energy FCE consumed in the fuel cell unit 10 at the time T is calculated (step S5). Moreover, the electric energy input from the commercial power grid | system 50 required at the T time is calculated, and the consumption primary energy KTE in the T time is calculated (step S6).

  Subsequently, the predicted heat demand after T time (predicted hot water supply demand) is read from the demand prediction calculation unit 85 (step S7). Moreover, the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 21 after T time is calculated (step S8). Based on the predicted heat demand after T time and the heat storage amount in the hot water storage tank 21, the required primary energy consumption BUE of the backup boiler at the T time is calculated (step S9). The consumption primary energy FCE, consumption primary energy KTE, and consumption primary energy BUE calculated in the above steps are added together to calculate the total consumption primary energy TE for the T-th time (step S10).

  Subsequently, T = T + 1 is set (step S11), and the total consumption primary energy TE of the Tth hour is added to the total consumption primary energy ALLE from 0 hours to T hours later, and after 0 hours to T + 1 hours later. Total consumption primary energy ALLE is calculated (step S12). If T> 24 is not satisfied (NO in step S13), steps S3 to S12 are repeated until T> 24.

  If T> 24 (YES in step S13), the series of flows ends. According to the above procedure, the total consumed primary energy ALLE consumed when the cogeneration system 1 is operated and controlled in accordance with one operation method to supply electric power and heat from the present to 24 hours later is calculated.

  Next, a procedure in which the optimum operation selection unit 87 selects an optimum operation method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure for selecting an operation method in the cogeneration system according to the present embodiment.

  First, the parameter S indicating the time until start-up is set to 0 (step S21), the parameter Ope indicating the operation time is set to 0 (step S22), and the parameter MAXW indicating the maximum output is set to 100 (step S21). S23). The parameters set in this way are read by the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86.

  The total consumption primary energy ALLE in the operation method indicated by the set parameters is called from the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 and is set as the primary total consumption primary energy ALLETEMP to be compared (step S24). If the primary total consumed primary energy ALLETEMP is smaller than the total consumed primary energy MINALLE that is the smallest at the present time (YES in step S25), the process proceeds to step S28.

  When the primary total consumption primary energy ALLETEMP is smaller than the total consumption primary energy MINALLE which is the smallest at the present time (YES in step S25), the corresponding parameter is stored and the corresponding operation method is recorded (step S26). Then, the primary total consumption primary energy ALLETEMP is set to the total consumption primary energy MINALLE which is the smallest at the present time (step S27). Note that a predetermined value is set in advance as the initial value of the total consumed primary energy MINALLE that is the smallest at the present time.

  Subsequently, 100 W is added to the maximum output MAXW to obtain the maximum output MAXW (step S28). If this value is less than or equal to the maximum output (for example, 1000 W) of the fuel cell device 11 (NO in step S29), the process returns to step S25 and the procedure up to step S28 is repeated. When the maximum output MAXW exceeds the maximum output of the fuel cell device 11 (YES in step S29), 1 hour is added to the operation time Ope to obtain the operation time Ope.

  When the new operation time Ope is 24 or less (NO in step S31), the process returns to step S23 and repeats up to step S30. When the operation time Ope exceeds 24 (YES in step S31), 1 hour is added to the time S until the start of activation to obtain the time S until the start of activation (step S32). If the time S until the start of this new start is less than 24 (NO in step S33), the process returns to step S22 and repeats up to step S32. When the time S until the start of activation is 24 or more (YES in step S33), the series of flows is terminated.

  By the above procedure, 6000 operation methods determined by combinations of 0, 1,..., 23 hours until start of operation, 0, 1,..., 24 hours of operation time, and 100, 200,. For each, the total primary energy consumed is calculated, and the operation method with the lowest total primary energy consumed is selected. This procedure is executed every hour, and every hour, the operation method with the minimum total consumed primary energy is updated. In this manner, the fuel cell device 11 is controlled in accordance with the operation method updated every hour.

  An example of the calculation result by the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the reduction rate of the total primary energy for each operation time and start time. In FIG. 6, the maximum output is 900 W, the ratio of the primary energy that is reduced compared to the case where power is supplied only by system power without introducing the cogeneration system 1 and heat is supplied by a general water heater. Show. As shown in FIG. 6, in the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment, the driving method that starts at 7 o'clock and operates for 15 hours grasps that the primary energy consumption is the smallest, and according to the operating method, the fuel cell device 11 Operation is performed.

  In the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment described above, the demand prediction calculation unit 85 predicts the power demand amount and the heat demand amount, and the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 is the first fuel consumed by the power supply heat device 100. The primary energy amount of the second fuel and the primary energy amount of the second fuel required to generate the electric power input from the commercial power system 50 are calculated for each operation method of the feed heat device 100. Thereby, the total primary energy amount consumed in order to supply electric power and heat by the cogeneration system 1 is calculated for each operation method of the power feeding heat device 100. And since the optimal driving | operation selection part 87 selects an operating method based on the total primary energy amount, the efficient driving method according to the total primary energy amount can be selected. Thereby, the operation | movement which suppressed the consumption of primary energy by the control part 13 can be performed.

  In the cogeneration system 1, the power generation or heat generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 11, the hot water tank unit 20, the commercial power system 50, and the hot water heater 30 is different, and the efficiency of each device is different depending on the situation. According to the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment, since the cogeneration system 1 is operated so as to minimize the amount of primary energy required when supplying electric power and heat according to the demand, energy saving is achieved. Can be improved.

  In the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment, the demand prediction calculation unit 85 updates the predicted power demand amount and the predicted heat demand amount every hour, and accordingly, the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 calculates the total primary energy. The amount is updated, and the optimum operation selection unit 87 updates the selection result. Therefore, even if there is an error in the predicted power demand or heat demand, since the operation method is updated every predetermined time, the optimum operation method can be selected while suppressing the error.

  Further, in the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment, the performance parameter stored in the current data storage unit 82 is stored for each outside air temperature, and the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 uses the primary consumption based on the performance parameter and the outside air temperature. The energy FCE and BUE are calculated. In this case, it is possible to accurately predict the consumed primary energy FCE that varies depending on the outside air temperature. Therefore, in a cold region, the primary energy consumption of the antifreezing heater is large, but it is possible to select an optimal operation method taking this into consideration. Note that the anti-freezing heater is activated while the power supply heat device 100 is stopped. Therefore, even when the electric heat demand is the same, if the outside air temperature is low, the efficiency is improved when the power supply heat device 100 has a short stop time. . In the cogeneration system 1 according to the present embodiment, the optimum operation method can be selected in consideration of the influence of the outside air temperature and the antifreezing heater.

  Moreover, in the cogeneration system 1 which concerns on this embodiment, since the value regarding the performance of the electric power feeding heat apparatus 100 is measured, and the parameter regarding the performance of the electric power feeding heat apparatus 100 is updated based on the measured value, predicted consumption energy The calculating unit 86 calculates the consumed primary energy FCE corresponding to the actual performance of the power supply heat apparatus 100. In this case, even when the aging deterioration of the power supply heat device 100 occurs, or even when there is a difference in parameters due to the power supply heat device 100, an error in performance parameters is suppressed and more optimal operation is performed. A method can be selected.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above embodiment, the total consumption primary energy amount for each operation method is calculated and the operation method that minimizes the total consumption primary energy amount is selected. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to calculate the charge for each driving method and select the driving method that minimizes the charge. Such a modification according to the present embodiment will be described.

  The operation control device 80 of the cogeneration system 1 according to the modification includes a predicted consumption energy calculation unit in place of the predicted consumption energy calculation unit 86 described above. The predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit calculates the utility cost required when supplying power and heat according to the amount of electric heat demand from the present predicted by the demand prediction calculation unit 85 to 24 hours later. The predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit performs calculations using parameters stored in the current data storage unit 82 and the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83. In addition to the parameters described above, the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83 stores the unit price of the first fuel and the unit price of the system power.

  The utility cost calculated by the predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit is the sum of the fuel charge of the first fuel consumed by the power supply heating device 100 and the power charge KTY of the power input from the commercial power system 50. . The fuel charge is the sum of the charge FCY for the amount of the first fuel supplied to the fuel cell unit 10 and the charge BUY for the amount of the first fuel supplied to the water heater 30. This fuel fee is calculated based on the amount of the first fuel supplied to the fuel cell unit 10 and the amount of the first fuel supplied to the water heater 30.

  The predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit adds the charge FCY for the fuel cell unit 10, the BUE for the backup boiler, and the charge KTY for the system power. Thus, the predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit calculates the fuel fee based on the amount of the first fuel consumed by the power supply heat apparatus 100 (first predicted consumption amount) and is input from the commercial power system 50. Calculate the electricity bill based on the grid power amount and calculate the utility cost. The grid power amount is a second predicted consumption amount related to the fuel required for generating the grid power.

  The predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit calculates the utility cost for 24 hours for each operation method of the fuel cell device 11. The predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit calculates the utility cost for each of the plurality of operation methods every hour when the demand for electricity heat is output from the demand prediction calculation unit 85. Then, the predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit outputs a calculation result in which the information indicating the operation method is associated with the utility cost to the optimum operation selection unit 87. In response to this, the optimum operation selection unit 87 selects an operation method that results in the lowest utility cost.

  Subsequently, a procedure in which the predicted consumption utility cost calculation unit calculates the utility cost will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the calculation procedure of the utility cost in the cogeneration system according to the present embodiment.

  First, parameters S, Ope, MAXW and current output W indicating the operation method to be calculated are read (step S41). Subsequently, T = 0 is set (step S42), and the predicted power demand after T time is read from the demand prediction calculation unit 85 (step S43). Then, a power generation output for supplying the predicted power demand after T time is determined (step S44). Based on the determined power generation output, the charge FCY for the fuel cell unit 10 at time T is calculated (step S45). Further, the amount of power input from the commercial power system 50 required at the T time is calculated, and the charge KTY related to the system power at the T time is calculated (step S46).

  Subsequently, the predicted heat demand after T time (predicted hot water supply demand) is read from the demand prediction calculation unit 85 (step S47). Moreover, the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 21 after T time is calculated (step S48). Then, based on the predicted heat demand after T time and the heat storage amount of the hot water storage tank 21, the charge BU for the backup boiler at the required T time is calculated (step S49). By adding the fee FCY, the fee KTY, and the fee BUY calculated in the above steps, the fee TY for the T-th time is calculated (step S50).

  Subsequently, T = T + 1 is set (step S51), and the charge TY required for the Tth hour is added to the charge ALLY required for the time from 0 hour to T time later, and the charge ALLY required for the time from 0 hour to T + 1 hour later is obtained. Calculate (step S52). If T> 24 is not satisfied (NO in step S53), steps S53 to S52 are repeated until T> 24.

  If T> 24 (YES in step S53), the series of flows is terminated. According to the above procedure, the utility cost required when the cogeneration system 1 is operated and controlled according to one operation method to supply electric power and heat from the present to 24 hours later is calculated.

  In the above description, the present invention controls the cogeneration system 1 so as to suppress the consumed primary energy or the utility cost required to generate the power and heat supplied by the cogeneration system 1. You may control to suppress CO2. In this case, the amount of CO2 discharged in the cogeneration system 1 and the amount of CO2 discharged along with the generation of system power are calculated for each operation method, and the operation method that minimizes the amount of CO2 is selected. You may do it.

  In addition, the cogeneration system 1 according to the present invention performs operation control that minimizes the amount of primary energy consumed, performs operation control that minimizes utility costs, or minimizes the amount of CO2 that is emitted. It is also preferable that operation control is performed or the user can select with a remote controller or the like.

  The cogeneration system 1 according to the present invention is preferably configured to display various information on a display screen mounted on a remote controller or the like. The various types of information include the operation method selected by the optimum operation selection unit 87, the electric heat demand pattern predicted by the demand prediction calculation unit 85, the performance parameters stored in the fuel cell parameter storage unit 83, and the like. By displaying such various types of information, it is possible to provide the user with information such as driving conditions, prediction information, and efficiency, and to promote a lifestyle that suppresses energy consumption. For providing various types of information, the cogeneration system 1 may be configured to be connectable to a communication network such as the Internet so that the information can be acquired by accessing it through an information terminal such as a personal computer or a mobile phone.

  In the above embodiment, the operation method of the fuel cell device 11 includes a plurality of operation patterns determined by a combination of the start timing of the fuel cell device 11, the operation time from the start timing, and the maximum output value during operation. However, it is not limited to this. The operation method may include a plurality of methods combining elements other than the start timing, the operation time from the start timing, and the maximum output value during operation. For example, there are a minimum output value-specific operation method, a constant output-specific operation method, etc.

  The cogeneration system of the present invention is a cogeneration system that supplies electric power and heat generated by a power supply heat device and power input from a supply source different from the power supply heat device. Predicting means for predicting the power supply heat device, the operation timing of the power supply heat device, the operation time from the start timing of the power supply heat device and the output value during operation of the power supply heat device, for each operation method of the power supply heat device, by the prediction means To generate power input from a first predicted consumption and another source for fuel consumed in the feed heat device to supply power and heat in response to the predicted power demand and heat demand Calculating means for calculating the second predicted consumption related to the fuel required for the operation, and the first predicted consumption and the second predicted consumption calculated by the calculation means Selection means for selecting a driving method based, characterized in that it comprises a control means for controlling the operation of the power supply heat apparatus according to the selected operating method by the selecting means.

  In the cogeneration system of the present invention, the predicting means predicts the power demand amount and the heat demand amount, and the calculating means is the first predicted consumption amount related to the fuel consumed by the power supply heat apparatus and the power input from another supply source. The second predicted consumption related to the fuel required to generate the power is calculated for each operation method of the power supply heat apparatus. Thereby, the predicted consumption of the fuel consumed in order to supply electric power and heat by the cogeneration system is calculated for each operation method of the feeding heat apparatus. And since a selection means selects an operation method based on the 1st prediction consumption amount and the 2nd prediction consumption amount, the efficient operation method according to the fuel consumption amount can be selected. Thereby, the operation | movement which suppressed the consumption of primary energy or the utility bill by the control means can be performed.

  Preferably, the calculation means calculates a primary energy amount of fuel consumed by the power supply heat device as the first predicted consumption amount, and generates electric power input from another supply source as the second predicted consumption amount. The total amount of primary energy consumed to generate the power and heat supplied by the cogeneration system is calculated by calculating the primary energy amount of fuel required for the selection, and the selection means is calculated by the calculation means The operation method is selected based on the total primary energy.

  Thereby, the efficient driving | running which suppressed the primary energy amount consumed in order to supply electric power and heat can be performed. For example, it is possible to save energy by selecting an operation method that minimizes the amount of primary energy consumed to supply power and heat.

  Preferably, the calculation means calculates the amount of fuel consumed by the power supply heat device as the first predicted consumption amount, calculates a fuel fee related to the fuel, and from another supply source as the second predicted consumption amount The input power amount is calculated to calculate a power charge related to the power amount, and the selection means selects an operation method based on the fuel charge and the power charge calculated by the calculation means.

  Thereby, the efficient driving | running which suppressed the charge required in order to supply electric power and heat can be performed. For example, it is possible to reduce the utility cost by selecting an operation method that minimizes the charge required to supply power and heat.

  Preferably, the prediction unit updates the power demand amount and the heat demand amount by performing prediction every predetermined time, and the calculation unit calculates based on the power demand amount and the heat demand amount updated by the prediction unit. Updating the first predicted consumption amount and the second predicted consumption amount, the selection means updates the selection result by selecting the driving method based on the calculation result updated by the calculation means, and the control means includes: The operation of the power supply heat device is controlled according to the operation method updated by the selection means.

  Thereby, even if there is an error in the predicted power demand or heat demand, since the operation method is updated every predetermined time, the optimum operation method can be selected while suppressing the error.

  Preferably, storage means is provided for storing a parameter that is necessary for calculating the first predicted consumption amount and varies depending on the outside air temperature according to the outside air temperature, and the calculating means includes the outside air temperature and the parameter stored in the storage means. Based on the above, the first predicted consumption is calculated.

  In this case, it is possible to accurately predict the first predicted consumption that varies depending on the outside air temperature. Therefore, even when it is installed in an area such as a cold region, the optimum operation method can be selected.

  Preferably, the apparatus includes a measurement unit that measures a value related to the performance of the power supply heat device, and an update unit that updates a parameter related to the performance of the power supply heat device based on the value measured by the measurement unit. The first predicted consumption is calculated using the parameter updated by the means.

  In this case, even if the power supply heat device has deteriorated over time, or even if there is a difference in the performance of the power supply heat device, a value related to the performance of the power supply heat device is measured and measured. Since the parameter relating to the performance of the power supply heat device is updated based on the obtained value, the calculation means can calculate the first predicted consumption amount according to the performance of the actual power supply heat device. Therefore, it is possible to select a more optimal driving method while suppressing errors.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cogeneration system, 11 ... Fuel cell apparatus, 13 ... Control part (control means), 14 ... Performance measuring device (measurement means), 50 ... Commercial electric power system (another supply source), 80 ... Operation control apparatus, 81 ... electric heat demand history storage unit, 82 ... current data storage unit, 83 ... fuel cell parameter storage unit (storage unit), 84 ... parameter update unit (update unit), 85 ... demand prediction calculation unit (prediction unit), 86 ... prediction Energy consumption calculation unit (calculation unit), 87... Optimum operation selection unit (selection unit), 100.

Claims (10)

In a cogeneration system that supplies electric power and heat generated by a power supply heat device and power input from a supply source different from the power supply heat device,
A prediction means for predicting power demand and heat demand;
The power supply heat apparatus according to a combination of a start timing of the power supply heat apparatus, an operation time from the start timing of the power supply heat apparatus, and a maximum output value during operation of the power supply heat apparatus set from a plurality of values. In addition, for each operation method based on load following, a first predicted consumption related to the fuel consumed in the power supply heat device to supply power and heat according to the power demand and heat demand predicted by the prediction means And a calculating means for calculating a second predicted consumption related to the fuel required to generate electric power input from the another supply source,
Selection means for selecting the driving method based on the first predicted consumption and the second predicted consumption calculated by the calculation means;
Control means for controlling the operation of the power supply heat device according to the operation method selected by the selection means;
A cogeneration system characterized by comprising: The calculating means calculates a primary energy amount of fuel consumed by the power supply heat device as the first predicted consumption amount, and generates electric power input from the other supply source as the second predicted consumption amount. Calculating the amount of primary energy consumed by the fuel to calculate the total amount of primary energy consumed to generate the electricity and heat supplied by the cogeneration system;
The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit selects the operation method based on the total primary energy amount calculated by the calculation unit. The prediction means updates the power demand amount and the heat demand amount by performing prediction every predetermined time,
The calculation means updates the first predicted consumption amount and the second predicted consumption amount by calculating based on the power demand amount and the heat demand amount updated by the prediction means,
The selection unit updates the selection result by selecting a driving method based on the calculation result updated by the calculation unit,
The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the operation of the power supply heat device according to the operation method updated by the selection unit. Storage means for storing the parameter that is necessary for calculating the first predicted consumption amount and varies depending on the outside air temperature,
The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calculation means calculates the first predicted consumption based on an outside air temperature and a parameter stored in the storage means. system.   5. The cogeneration system according to claim 4, wherein the storage unit stores, as the parameter, information indicating energy consumption during standby of the power supply heat device for each outside air temperature.   The storage means includes, as parameters used for the calculation means, input energy for each output, power generation efficiency for each output, heat recovery efficiency for each output, energy recovery efficiency for each output, energy consumption at startup, fuel for each output Battery heat recovery water outlet temperature, rated output, minimum output, energy consumption during stop operation, load following speed, standby energy consumption, hot water tank capacity, hot water tank heat dissipation rate, heat dissipation rate of each pipe, fuel cell 6. The cogeneration system according to claim 4, wherein information indicating an allowable temperature of cooling water, efficiency of a backup boiler, and power generation efficiency of system power is stored.   The storage means shows the heat recovery efficiency for each output according to the outside air temperature, the fuel cell heat recovery water outlet temperature for each output, the capacity of the hot water tank, the heat dissipation rate of the hot water tank, and the heat dissipation rate of each pipe. Information is stored, The cogeneration system of Claim 6 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The storage means stores information indicating the energy consumption during the standby and the energy consumption during the start-up according to the outside air temperature and the elapsed time since the operation was stopped. The described cogeneration system. A measuring means for measuring a value related to the performance of the feeding heat device;
Updating means for updating a parameter relating to the performance of the power supply heat device based on a value measured by the measuring means;
The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calculation means calculates the first predicted consumption amount using the parameter updated by the update means. In the operation method of the cogeneration system for supplying the power and heat generated by the power supply heat device and the power input from a supply source different from the power supply heat device,
A prediction step for predicting power demand and heat demand;
The power supply heat apparatus according to a combination of a start timing of the power supply heat apparatus, an operation time from the start timing of the power supply heat apparatus, and a maximum output value during operation of the power supply heat apparatus set from a plurality of values. The first predicted consumption related to the fuel consumed in the power supply heat device to supply power and heat according to the power demand and heat demand predicted in the prediction step for each operation method by load following And calculating a second predicted consumption related to fuel required to generate electric power input from the other source,
A selection step of selecting the driving method based on the first predicted consumption and the second predicted consumption calculated in the calculation step;
A control step of controlling the operation of the power supply heat device according to the operation method selected in the selection step;
The driving | running method characterized by including.

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