JP5335012B2 - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a hard mini rotating electrical machine, comprising a rotor which can convert output characteristic but not increase mechanical loss and also not consume electricity which doesn't contribute to increase torque. The rotor has N pole magnet and S pole magnet which is fixed arranged alternately. Among a plurality of first teeth on a first stator cores, every end surface which is opposite to the rotor is wider than relative surface and a winding wounds around part of the two end surfaces. A second stator cores has second teeth whose amount is the same with the first teeth and which has no winding. The second teeth is arranged to be opposite to narrower end surface of every first tooth and every second tooth can move between reference position of which the second tooth are direct to every first tooth and maximum mobile position which is in the midst of among every narrower end surface. In the reference position, an intense flux-flow flows from every magnet into the whole first teeth. In the maximum mobile position, a feeble flux-flow only flows through the upward side of wider end surface of every first tooth. In the middle mobile position, a moderate amount flux-flow is produced.

Description

  The present invention relates to a small rotating electrical machine that can easily control a wide operation range from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation without using a current flowing in a coil for field weakening control.

Conventionally, a radial gap type electric motor used as a radial gap type rotating electrical machine as a drive source for electric motorcycles and other general electric motors is a rotor yoke (rotor side) having a rotating shaft supported by its bearings. The yoke) and the yoke of the stator (stator side yoke) are opposed to each other, and the facing surfaces thereof are parallel to the rotation axis.
A plurality of field magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction on the cylindrical inner wall on the opposing surface of the rotor side yoke, and the cylindrical surface of the rotor side yoke is provided on the opposing surface of the stator side yoke. A plurality of teeth are arranged radially so as to face the facing surface. A coil is wound around the plurality of teeth.

That is, in the radial gap type electric motor, the opposing surfaces of the field magnet and the teeth are parallel to the rotation axis, and the gap between the opposing surfaces is formed in a cylindrical shape along the rotation axis. That is, as the name of the radial gap type, the gap is formed in the radiation direction from the rotation axis.
Moreover, although it is a radial gap type electric motor, contrary to the above, the stator side yoke is formed in a cylindrical shape, the rotor side yoke is in a columnar shape, and is disposed in the cylindrical circle of the stator side yoke. There is an electric motor. In this type of electric motor, in order to prevent cogging and reduce the torque during high-speed rotation, a magnetic permeability is provided between the facing end of the stator core of the stator side yoke and the permanent magnet member of the rotor side yoke. An electric motor has been proposed in which cylindrical members formed by alternately arranging portions and non-permeable portions are interposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1.)
Similarly, in an electric motor in which the stator side yoke is formed in a cylindrical shape, the rotor side yoke is columnar and is disposed within the cylindrical circle of the stator side yoke, the stator flux linkage during high rotation In order to reduce the stator core, the stator core of the stator side yoke is composed of a cylindrical body core and a rod-shaped body core that advances and retreats in the cylindrical body core, and the coil is wound around the circumference of the cylindrical body core. Thus, an electric motor has been proposed in which the rod-shaped body core is moved along the radial direction of the stator side yoke. (For example, see Patent Document 2.)
On the other hand, in recent years, attention has been drawn to axial gap type rotating electrical machines in addition to the radial gap type rotating electrical machines.

For example, an axial gap type electric motor as this axial gap type rotating electric machine includes a disk-like rotor-side yoke having a rotating shaft supported by its bearing, and a disk-like fixed around the axis of the rotating shaft. The child side yokes are arranged to face each other.
A plurality of field magnets are arranged in a circular shape (or an annular shape) along the disk-shaped peripheral portion on the opposing surface of the rotor side yoke, and on the opposing surface of the stator side yoke. A plurality of teeth are arranged in a substantially annular shape along the disk-shaped peripheral portion. A gap is formed between the opposing surfaces of the field magnet and the teeth, and the opposing surface forms a surface orthogonal to the rotation axis (that is, perpendicular to the rotation axis). That is, as the name of the axial gap type, the gap between the opposing surfaces is formed in the direction along the rotation axis, that is, in the axial direction.

  In such an axial gap type electric motor, as a method of making its output characteristics variable, a rotor (a rotor side yoke on which field magnets are arranged) and a steer arranged on the opposite side ( One of the coiled cores disposed on the stator side yoke is displaced in the direction of the rotation axis to control the distance between the rotor and the stator, thereby flowing between the field magnet and the coiled core. A method for controlling the amount of magnetic flux is known.

JP 2000-261988 A ([Summary], [0025], FIGS. 1 and 2) JP 2004-166369 A ([Summary], [0020] to [0023], FIGS. 1 and 3)

  However, any of the above prior art configurations increases the mechanical loss by increasing the overall shape of the apparatus. In other words, there is a demand for a radial gap type motor to be as thin as possible, and an axial gap type motor is desired to be as thin as possible. I can't meet my needs. Moreover, the point which consumes the electric power which does not contribute to a torque is not improved greatly.

  An object of the present invention is to divide a stator arranged opposite to a rotor into at least two parts in view of the above-described conventional situation, and fix one of the two divided parts. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating electrical machine that performs field control by rotation (movement) of a base portion of a stator that greatly changes the flow of magnetic flux flow by moving the other part in the rotation direction of a rotor with respect to a fixed part.

Below, the structure of the rotary electric machine concerning this invention is described.
A rotating electrical machine according to the present invention includes a rotor that includes a magnet and rotates around a rotation shaft, and a stator that includes a winding and is disposed to face the rotor, and the stator is the rotor. Are divided into at least two parts, a plurality of first parts including a facing part and a second part not including the facing part, and one of the two divided parts is the other part. The magnetic resistance between the first part and the second part can be adjusted by moving with respect to the part. Furthermore, this rotating electrical machine makes the magnetic resistance between the opposed portions of the pair of first parts adjacent to each other larger than the magnetic resistance between each first part and the second part, and increases the N of the magnet. The magnetic flux formed between the poles and the S poles is transmitted through the second part without substantially passing through the space between the opposed parts of the first part adjacent to each other, and through the second part. The state in which the magnetic flux flowing through the pair of the first parts adjacent to each other is formed, and the magnetoresistance between the opposing portions of the pair of the first parts adjacent to each other are expressed by the first part and the second part. The magnetic resistance formed between the north and south poles of the magnet is less than the magnetic resistance between the pair of adjacent first portions, and hardly flows into the second portion. Transmitting the space between the parts, the opposing parts of the pair of first parts and It can be changed into a state of forming a flux flow that passes through the space between the facing ends of the pair of the first site.

The first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and a gap between the pair of first portions adjacent to each other is It is preferable that the first end face is narrow and the second end face is wide.
In addition, the first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and the first end surfaces of the pair of first portions adjacent to each other. It is preferable that the magnetoresistance between them is smaller than the magnetoresistance between the second end surfaces of the pair of adjacent first portions.

Furthermore, the first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and the first end surfaces of the pair of first portions adjacent to each other. It is preferable that the magnetoresistance between the first end face and the rotor is larger than the magnetoresistance between the first end face and the rotor.
In these cases, it is preferable that the second end face faces the second portion.
Furthermore, in the rotating electrical machine, for example, the movement of the one part relative to the other part is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angle along the rotation direction of the rotor.

  Further, for example, the plurality of first portions are a plurality of first teeth having one end face opposed to the rotor and wound around a side surface, and the second portion is the first portion. One tooth may be configured to be a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth arranged with one end facing the end surface opposite to the end surface facing the rotor. . And said one site | part may move to the rotation direction or reverse rotation direction of the said rotor with respect to said other site | part.

  In this case, for example, the rotation angle of the one part with respect to the other part is configured to be equal to or less than the sandwiching angle between the pair of second teeth adjacent to each other along the rotation direction of the rotor.

  According to the present invention, the robustness is provided with a mechanism for changing output characteristics without increasing the overall shape, without increasing mechanical loss, without having a transmission, and without consuming electric power that does not contribute to torque. Thus, a small rotating electric machine can be provided.

1 is a side view of an electric motorcycle as an example of a device on which an axial gap type rotating electrical machine that is a rotating electrical machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention is mounted. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the axial gap type electric motor (electric motor) used as the basis of this invention with the structure of the rear-end part vicinity of a rear arm. It is a figure which shows the structure seen from the stator of the electric motor, and its periphery rear-wheel side. It is a perspective view which contrasts and shows the schematic structure of the principal part of a stator by the shape disassembled easily intelligible with the rotor arrange | positioned facing a stator, and its rotating shaft. (a)-(f) is a figure explaining the drive principle of an axial gap type electric motor. It is a figure which shows the state which one tooth | gear straddles and faces a N pole magnet and a S pole magnet in the arrangement | sequence which the actual N pole magnet and the S pole magnet adjoined. It is a figure explaining the reason which has a fixed limit in the rotational speed of a normal axial gap type electric motor. It is a figure which shows typically the method of the field weakening control utilized in order to raise the rotational speed of a normal axial gap type electric motor. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the axial gap type electric motor in 1st Embodiment with the structure of the rear-end part vicinity of a rear arm. It is an exploded perspective view of the axial gap type electric motor in a 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the axial gap type electric motor in 1st Embodiment assembled, with a rotation control system. (a), (b), and (c) are reciprocal movements performed with respect to the first stator along the rotational direction of the rotor by the second stator of the axial gap type electric motor in the first embodiment. It is a figure explaining a rotation angle and operation | movement. (a), (b) is a figure explaining the principle of rotation control from the high torque low speed rotation to the low torque high speed rotation of the axial gap type electric motor in 1st Embodiment. (a)-(e) is a figure explaining the gap used as magnetic resistance. (a), (b) is a figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the modification (the 1) of the axial gap type electric motor in 1st Embodiment. (a)-(d) is a figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the modification (the 2) of the axial gap type electric motor in 1st Embodiment. (a)-(d) is a figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the axial gap type electric motor in 1st reference form. (a), (b) is a figure which shows the example from which the opposing surface between the opposing surface of a rotor and a stator and the stator divided | segmented into two parts forms surfaces other than a horizontal surface. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the radial gap type electric motor concerning 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the radial gap type electric motor concerning 3rd Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the principal part of the axial gap type electric motor concerning a 2nd reference form. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the rotational phase shift | offset | difference of the 1st rotor and the 2nd rotor at the time of high speed and low torque rotation in the structure of the axial gap type electric motor concerning a 2nd reference form. It is a figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the axial gap type electric motor concerning a 3rd reference form. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the shift | offset | difference of a rotation phase of the 1st rotor at the time of high speed and low torque rotation in the structure of the axial gap type electric motor concerning a 3rd reference form, and a 2nd rotor.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Electric motorcycle equipped with the rotating electric machine of the present invention)
FIG. 1 is a side view of an electric motorcycle as an example of an apparatus on which an axial gap type rotating electric machine that is a rotating electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention is mounted. As shown in FIG. 1, the electric motorcycle 1 of this example includes a head pipe 2 at the front upper part of the vehicle body, and a steering shaft (not shown) for changing the vehicle body direction is rotatably inserted into the head pipe 2. Has been.

A handle support portion 4 to which the handle 3 is fixed is attached to the upper end of the steering shaft, and grips 5 are attached to both ends of the handle 3. Further, the grip on the right side (the back side in FIG. 1) which is not visible in the shade in FIG. 1 constitutes a rotatable throttle grip.
A pair of left and right front forks 6 are attached downward from the lower end of the head pipe 2. A front axle 8 that rotatably supports the front wheel 7 is sandwiched in a state of being buffered and suspended at the lower end of the front fork 6.

In the handle support part 4, a meter 9 is disposed in front of the handle 3, a headlamp 11 is fixed below the meter 9, and flasher lamps 12 are provided on both sides of the headlamp 11. (The right side, that is, the flasher lamp 12 on the back side in FIG. 1 is hidden and cannot be seen).
A pair of left and right vehicle body frames 13 that are substantially L-shaped in a side view are extended from the head pipe 2 toward the rear of the vehicle body. The vehicle body frame 13 has a round pipe shape, and extends obliquely downward from the head pipe 2 toward the rear of the vehicle body, and then extends horizontally toward the rear to form a substantially L shape in side view.

A pair of left and right seat rails 14 extend from the rear end of the pair of vehicle body frames 13 obliquely upward and rearward from the rear end. The rear end 14 a of the seat rail 14 is bent rearward along the shape of the seat 15.
A battery 16 is detachably disposed between the pair of left and right seat rails 14. The battery 16 is configured to house a plurality of rechargeable secondary batteries.

Further, in the vicinity of the bent portion of the pair of left and right seat rails 14, a seat stay 17 formed in an inverted U shape is welded obliquely upward toward the front of the vehicle body. The seat 15 is disposed at a portion surrounded by the seat stay 17 and the left and right seat rails 14 so that the front end of the seat 15 can be pivoted up and down.
A rear fender 18 is attached to the rear end of the seat rail 14, and a tail lamp 19 is attached to the rear surface of the rear fender 18. Further, on the left and right sides of the tail lamp 19, flash lamps 21 (the right side, that is, the flasher lamp 21 on the back side of the paper surface in FIG. 1 are hidden and cannot be seen) are provided.

On the other hand, rear arm brackets 22 (only the front side of the drawing is shown in FIG. 1) are welded to the horizontal portion below the seat 15 of the pair of left and right body frames 13, respectively. A front end of 23 is swingably supported via a pivot shaft 24.
A rear wheel 25 as a drive wheel is rotatably supported at the center of the rear end portion 23a of the substantially circular rear arm 23. The rear arm 23 and the rear wheel 25 are buffered and suspended by a rear cushion 26.

  Below the horizontal portion of the pair of left and right body frames 13, a pair of left and right foot steps 27 (only the front side of the drawing is shown in FIG. 1) are provided. Further, on the rear side of the foot step 27, a side stand 28 is supported by the left rear arm 23 so as to be rotatable via a shaft 29. The side stand 28 is biased to the closing side by a return spring 31.

A drive unit including an axial gap type electric motor 32 that is connected to the rear wheel 25 and rotationally drives the rear wheel 25 is mounted in the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23.
Here, after describing the configuration and operation of the axial gap type electric motor that is the basis of the present invention, the configuration and operation of the axial gap type electric motor 32 in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. To do.
(Basic configuration of axial gap type electric motor)
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the axial gap type electric motor (hereinafter also simply referred to as an electric motor) that is the basis of the present invention, together with the configuration in the vicinity of the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view (partial side view) taken along arrow A in FIG. However, the illustration of the rear wheel 25 is omitted.

In FIG. 2, the drive unit 33 is housed in a space formed inside a gear cover 34 that is attached to the right side surface (the upper side surface in FIG. 2) of the rear end portion 20 a of the rear arm 23. The drive unit 33 is formed by integrating an electric motor, a planetary gear reducer 35, a controller 36, and the like.
In FIG. 2, the electric motor includes a rotor 38 that is supported by the rear end portion 20a of the rear arm 23 via bearings 37a and 37b so as to be rotatable about the central axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b. A substantially annular (or donut-shaped) stator 39 fixed to the inner surface of the rear arm rear end portion 23a is provided so as to face the rotor 38.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor 38 has a rotor side yoke 41 (41 a to 41 e). The rotor side yoke 41 forms a substantially frame shape that is convex toward the rear end portion 23 a of the rear arm 23. doing.
That is, the rotor-side yoke 41 has an annular portion 41a that faces the stator 39, and a tapered portion that extends in a substantially truncated cone shape from the inner peripheral edge portion of the annular portion 41a toward the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23. 41b, a first cylindrical portion 41c extending from the extending end of the tapered portion 41b toward the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23 along the central axis BO, and an extending end of the cylindrical portion 41c (see FIG. 2, the annular portion 41d extending in the radial direction of rotation from the lower end) toward the central axis BO, and the convex shape along the central axis BO from the inner peripheral edge of the annular portion 41d toward the rear end 23a. Is provided with a second cylindrical portion 41e.

The second cylindrical portion 41e is supported so as to be rotatable about the central axis BO through bearings 37a and 37b, and constitutes a rotating shaft of the rotor 38. Therefore, the rotation axis center of the rotation shaft 43 of the rotor 38 corresponds to the center axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b.
The rotor 38 includes a plurality of field magnets 42 fixed to the stator-side facing surface of the annular portion 41 a of the rotor-side yoke 41. These field magnets 42 are developed in an annular shape coaxial with the central axis BO along the circumferential direction of the annular portion 41a, and N poles and S poles are alternately arranged. The field magnet 42 is composed of a single magnet in which N poles and S poles composed of a dielectric part that is permanently polarized along the circumference of the same surface of a disk or annulus are alternately magnetized. May be.

At the rear wheel side end of the second cylindrical portion (rotating shaft) 41e of the rotor 38, a toothed rotating shaft 43 is fixed coaxially with the rotor 38 (second cylindrical portion (rotating shaft) 41e). The toothed rotating shaft 43 rotates integrally with the rotor 38.
On the other hand, the planetary gear speed reducer 35 is connected to the toothed rotating shaft 43 and is incorporated in the tapered portion 41 b of the rotor side yoke 41. The planetary gear reducer 35 and the electric motor (rotor 38 and stator 39) partially overlap in the vehicle width direction.

The planetary gear speed reducer 35 is connected to a rear axle 44 that is arranged coaxially with the toothed rotation shaft 43, and reduces the rotation of the electric motor (rotation of the second cylindrical portion (rotation shaft) 41e). It has a function of transmitting to the rear axle 44 via the toothed rotating shaft 43.
A nut 45 is detachably screwed to a front end portion 44 a of the rear axle 44 protruding from the gear cover 34 of the rear axle 44, and the rear wheel 25 shown in FIG. It is fastened by screwing 45 and attached to the rear axle 44.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a configuration of the electric motor as viewed from the stator 39 and the surrounding rear wheel 25 side. 3 corresponds to the right side of the electric motorcycle 1, the left side of the drawing corresponds to the lower side of the vehicle body, the upper side of the drawing corresponds to the rear side of the vehicle body, and the lower side of the drawing corresponds to the front side of the vehicle body.
In FIG. 3 (see also FIG. 2), the stator 39 is fixed to the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23. For example, the stator side yoke having a laminated structure in which annular steel plates are laminated in the central axis direction. 46 is provided. The stator side yoke 46 has an inverted C shape centered on the central axis BO, in other words, a circular shape with a part cut away.

The stator 39 has a substantially rectangular teeth mounting hole of a multiple of 3 formed in the stator side yoke 46 along the circumferential direction, and the teeth mounting hole has a lower part (a side end facing the paper surface in FIG. 3). Are inserted and fixed, and teeth 47 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator side yoke 46 at regular intervals (circumferential pitch).
The teeth 47 are composed of a laminate of steel plates, and the upper end surface (the front side surface in FIG. 3) faces the field magnet 42 of the rotor 38 with a predetermined gap in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 43. Are arranged to be.

Note that the circumferential pitch connects the center of the upper end surface of each adjacent tooth 47 facing the field magnet 42 and the central axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b from the center along the upper end surface. It represents the angle between line segments.
Since the shape of the stator side yoke 46 for fixing and holding the teeth 47 has a circular shape with a part cut away around the central axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b as described above. The teeth 47 whose number is a multiple of 3 are also arranged along the shape of a partially cut circle. Thereby, compared with the case where it arranges in a perfect circle shape, three teeth for three phases (U phase, V phase, W phase) corresponding to the notch part of a circle are missing. Hereinafter, the cutout portion of the circle is referred to as a tooth cutout portion 48.

The stator 39 includes a coil 49 (see FIG. 2) wound around each tooth 47, a mold part 51 in which each tooth 47 and the coil 49 are molded by resin or the like, and an outer periphery of the mold part 51. A plurality of flanges 52 formed on the surface are provided.
The flange 52 includes a bolt hole for attaching the mold part 51 including each tooth 47 and the coil 49 to the rear end part 23 a of the rear arm 23. The stator 39 is fixed to the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23 by screwing the bolt 53 inserted into the bolt hole into the rear end portion 23a of the rear arm 23.

  Further, an inverter 54 that is electrically connected to the stator 39 and capable of supplying power to the stator 39 is fixed to the tooth missing portion 48 through an elastic material (not shown) made of rubber or the like. Further, an encoder board 55 is disposed in the tooth missing portion 48, and the encoder board 55 and the inverter 54 are electrically connected with a flexible wire harness 56 (a flexible board or the like may be used). Connected.

On the surface of the encoder board 55, magnetic pole detection elements 57a, 57b and 57c such as Hall sensors are mounted. These magnetic pole detection elements 57a, 57b and 57c are the U phase, V phase and W phase in the electric motor. Are arranged at positions to detect when the electrical angle is 180 ° (for example, the coil current is maximum).
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a main part of the stator 39 shown in FIG. 3 together with a rotor 38 disposed opposite to the stator 39 and its rotating shaft 43. 4 does not show the coil 49 shown in FIG. 2, the mold part 51 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the flange 52 shown in FIG. 3, the inverter 54, the encoder board 55, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 4, the stator side yoke 46 has insertion holes 58 formed in a substantially rectangular shape through which the respective teeth 47 are inserted and fixed. It is arranged in the shape of a circle. A pair of short side inner surfaces 58a and 58b of the insertion hole 58 are respectively directed to the central axis BO.
Further, in each insertion hole 58, a steel plate portion between the inner side surface 58b and the outer peripheral surface 46a is cut and formed on the inner side surface 58b of the stator side yoke 46 on the outer peripheral surface 46a side. Slits 59 that communicate with the outside of the stator side yoke 46 are radially penetrated.

As described above, the stator side yoke 46 has a pair of teeth 47 of U phase, V phase, and W phase to which an alternating current of two poles and three phases is applied, except for the tooth missing portion 48. Are arranged sequentially. The rotor 38 is provided with an even number of field magnets 42 having N-pole and S-pole pairs at a predetermined arrangement interval corresponding to the arrangement interval of the set of three teeth 47.
Of course, as described above, the field magnet 42 is formed by alternately magnetizing N poles and S poles composed of dielectric parts that are permanently polarized along the circumference of the same surface of the disk or ring. You may comprise with two magnets.

  That is, for example, four field magnets 42 having one pole pair are always opposed to each other within the arrangement interval of six teeth 47, or one field magnet having four pole pairs. Are placed so that they always face each other. In addition, within the arrangement interval of the nine teeth 47, six field magnets 42 of one pole pair or one field magnet of six pole pairs are always arranged to face each other. .

Incidentally, a total of 15 teeth 47 shown in FIG. 4 are arranged in order to arrange the encoder board 55 shown in FIG. 3 from the stator which is originally composed of 18 teeth 47. Three teeth 47 are deleted.
Therefore, within the arrangement interval of these 15 teeth 47 (including the three deleted portions), whether an even number of field magnets 42 or one field magnet is used, 12 The magnetic poles of the pole pair are configured to always face each other.
(Driving principle of axial gap type electric motor)
Next, the driving principle of the axial gap type electric motor configured as described above will be described.

5A to 5F are diagrams for explaining the driving principle of the axial gap type electric motor.
In FIG. 5A, the arrow a indicates the rotation direction of the rotor 38, and the arrow b indicates that the direction of the magnetic flux emitted from the N-pole field magnet 42 (hereinafter also simply referred to as magnet 42) is positive. The positive direction of the magnetic flux is shown when the direction of the magnetic flux emitted from the polar magnet 42 is negative. However, the direction of the magnetic flux is not necessarily directed downward as indicated by the arrow b, but may be obliquely downward, but the direction of the downward direction is shown as a whole.

  An arrow c in FIG. 5 (a) indicates an N polarity generated by energization of the coil 49 wound around each tooth 47 of the stator 39 and excited by the teeth 47 (47u, 47v, 47w) which are core materials. The positive direction of the magnetic flux is shown when the direction of the magnetic flux is positive and the direction of the magnetic flux of S polarity is negative. However, the direction of the magnetic flux is not always directed upward as indicated by the arrow c, but may be obliquely upward, but it is shown in the meaning of the upward direction as a whole.

5A to 5F, the U-phase teeth 47 are indicated by 47u, the V-phase teeth 47 are indicated by 47v, and the W-phase teeth 47 are indicated by 47w.
In FIG. 5A, the N-pole magnet 42 is positioned right above the U-phase teeth 47u, and the S-pole magnet 42 is positioned between the V-phase teeth 47v and the W-phase teeth 47w. It shows the state when

In this state, the current to the coil 49 of the U-phase tooth 47u is cut off, the magnetic flux as the tooth 47u is zero, and only the magnetic flux from the N-pole magnet 42 flows in the tooth 47u.
A current for generating a magnetic flux of S polarity flows in the coil 49 of the V-phase tooth 47v, and this magnetic flux of S polarity is excited by the tooth 47v. And the magnet 42 of the same polarity S pole is repelled in the direction of arrow a by the magnetic flux of the S polarity of the excited teeth 47v.

On the other hand, a current for generating an N-polar magnetic flux flows through the coil 49 of the W-phase tooth 47w. The N-polar magnetic flux is excited by the tooth 47w, and the N-polar magnetic flux of the excited tooth 47w An S-polar magnet 42 of opposite polarity is attracted in the direction of arrow a.
The rotor 38 rotates in the direction of arrow a by the torque in the direction of arrow a due to such repulsive force and suction force, and the state shown in FIG. That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is positioned between the U-phase teeth 47u and the V-phase teeth 47v, and the S-pole magnet 42 is positioned directly above the W-phase teeth 47w.

In this state, the direction of the current is switched so as to generate an N-polar magnetic flux in the coil 49 of the U-phase tooth 47u. This N-polar magnetic flux is excited by the tooth 47u, and this excited N-polar magnetic flux is excited. Due to the magnetic flux, the N-polar magnet 42 having the same polarity is repelled in the direction of arrow a.
On the other hand, the coil 49 of the V-phase tooth 47v is switched to generate an S-polarity magnetic flux. This S-polarity magnetic flux is excited by the teeth 47v, and the excited S-polarity magnetic flux reverses the polarity. N pole magnet 42 is attracted in the direction of arrow a.

In this state, the current to the coil 49 of the W-phase tooth 47w is cut off, the magnetic flux as the tooth 47w is 0, and only the magnetic flux from the S-pole magnet 42 flows in the tooth 47w.
Also in this case, the rotor 38 rotates in the direction of the arrow a by the torque in the direction of the arrow a due to the repulsive force and the suction force, and the state shown in FIG. The relationship between the teeth 47 and the magnets 42 in this state is the same as in the state of FIG. 5A, but the correspondence of the teeth 47 to the N-pole and S-pole magnets 42 is shifted one by one in the direction of arrow a. Yes.

That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is positioned immediately above the V-phase teeth 47v, and the S-pole magnet 42 is intermediate between the W-phase teeth 47w and the U-phase teeth 47u in the adjacent three-phase set. Is located.
The currents in the teeth 47v, teeth 47w, and adjacent teeth 47u in the state of FIG. 5 (c) and the polarity of the magnetic flux generated from the coil 49 are the same as the three-phase set of teeth 47u, teeth 47v, And the current in the teeth 47w and the polarity of the magnetic flux generated from the coil 49 are the same.

That is, also in this case, torque in the direction of the arrow a is generated by the repulsive force and the attractive force, and the rotor 38 is rotated in the direction of the arrow a by this torque, and the state shown in FIG. The relationship between the teeth 47 and the magnets 42 in this state is the same as in the state of FIG. 5 (b). In this case as well, the corresponding relationship of the teeth 47 with respect to the N-pole and S-pole magnets 42 is one by one in the direction of arrow a. It is shifted to.
That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is positioned between the V-phase teeth 47v and the W-phase teeth 47w, and the S-pole magnet 42 is directly above the U-phase teeth 47u in the adjacent three-phase set. It will be in the state located.

The currents in the teeth 47v, teeth 47w, and adjacent teeth 47u in the state shown in FIG. 5D and the polarities of the magnetic fluxes generated from the coil 49 are the same as the three-phase set of teeth 47u, teeth 47v, And the current in the teeth 47w and the polarity of the magnetic flux generated from the coil 49 are the same.
Similarly, the state transitions to the state of FIG. 5 (e), and further transitions to the state of FIG. 5 (f), where the N-pole magnet 42 is connected to the W-phase teeth 47w and the adjacent three-phase set. Located in the middle of the U-phase teeth 47u, two sets of three-phase U-phase teeth 47u, V-phase teeth 47v, and W-phase teeth 47w shown on the left in FIG. 5 (a) The driving relationship with the pair of N-pole magnets 42 and the S-pole magnets 42 ends.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (a) again, the driving relationship is completed with the U-phase teeth 47u, the V-phase teeth 47v, and the W-phase teeth 47w shown in the left of the figure. The driving relationship between the two pairs of N pole magnets 42 and the S pole magnets 42 adjacent to the upstream side in the rotation direction of the two pairs of N pole magnets 42 and the S pole magnets 42 is shown in FIG. a) Start as shown in (f).

  5 (a) to 5 (f), the positional relationship between the magnet 42 and the tooth 47 is explained in 6 steps for easy understanding, but in reality, the applied current to the coil 49 has a sine curve. A current to be drawn is sequentially applied to three adjacent teeth 47 that form a pair of two poles and three phases with a predetermined phase difference, and the magnetic flux generated from the coil 49 when energized is on the rotor 38 side. Since the magnet 42 rotates, its direction and size change.

Further, the distance between the N pole and the S pole of the magnet 42 in the actual arrangement is closer than that shown in FIGS. 5A to 5F, and there is one for the N pole magnet 42 and the S pole magnet 42. A state in which the teeth 47 face each other also occurs. When one magnet having a plurality of pole pairs is used instead of the even number of magnets 42, the N pole and the S pole are in contact with each other with no gap therebetween.
5 (a) to 5 (f), the driving relationship between all three-phase one set of teeth 47 and two pairs of magnets 42 is also in cooperation with adjacent teeth and magnets. That is, two teeth in one set of three-phase teeth 47 and one tooth in one set of three-phase one teeth 47 become the next three-phase one set, and one of the two pairs of magnets 42 One magnet in the pair of two magnets 42 adjacent to the magnet then becomes a pair of magnets, and sequentially changes in the rotation direction.

The switching of the current for switching the magnetic flux direction of the coil and the application timing thereof are the detection of the rotational positions of the N pole magnet 42 and the S pole magnet 42 by the magnetic pole detection elements 57a, 57b and 57c shown in FIG. This is performed by control from the inverter 54 based on the detection.
As described above, in the axial gap type motor, a magnetic circuit is formed between the rotor 38 and the stator 39, and each tooth 47 is provided via the coil 49 wound around each tooth 47 of the stator 39. By sequentially switching the excitation with respect to the N pole and S pole of the magnet 42 on the rotor 38 side, the repulsive force and the attractive force against the excitation of each tooth 47 of the magnet 42 on the rotor 38 side are used to rotate the magnet. The child 38 is rotated.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state where one tooth 47 is opposed to the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 in an arrangement in which the actual N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 are close to each other. . In this figure, the arrow a indicates the direction of rotation of the rotor 38. The directions of the magnetic flux flowing between the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 are indicated by arrows G1, G2, and G3. This state is a state that occurs in the middle of each of the transitions shown in FIGS.

  In FIG. 6, a current flows in the coil 49 wound around the teeth 47 on the stator 39 in the counterclockwise direction as viewed from above, as indicated by an arrow E. The magnetic flux generated in the magnetic field and excited by the teeth 47 flows as indicated by an arrow G4, and intersects with the magnetic flux flowing between the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42. Also in this case, the N-pole magnet 42 repels, the S-pole magnet 42 is attracted, and torque in the direction of arrow a is generated in the rotor 38.

In FIG. 6, when the position of the magnet 42 with respect to the tooth 47 is switched and the left magnet 42 N pole and the right magnet become S, the direction of the current flowing through the tooth 47 is opposite to the direction of the arrow E, that is It changes in the clockwise direction when viewed from the side.
By the way, in the electric motor in the above basic configuration, there is a restriction on the rotational speed, and the rotational force does not increase beyond a certain limit. When converted to the speed of a motorcycle, about 20 km per hour is the limit in order to produce torque that does not cause a problem with the vehicle shown in FIG. However, it goes without saying that this varies depending on the tire diameter, the gear ratio of the drive system gear system, the motor specifications, and the like.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the reason why there is a certain limit to the rotation speed of a normal electric motor. The state shown in FIG. 7 shows the position of the N-pole magnet 42 and the V-phase teeth 47v shown in FIG. 5C and the vicinity thereof.
In FIG. 7, only the coil 49 of the V-phase teeth 47v is shown, and the other teeth coils are not shown. As described with reference to FIG. 5, when the magnet 42 is directly above the teeth 47, no current is applied to the coil 49.

  In FIG. 7, the rotor 38, the stator 39, and the teeth 47 (47u, 47v, 47w) are soft magnetic materials, and the distance d between the facing surfaces of the magnet 42 and the teeth 47 is very close. Spatial magnetoresistance is low. Therefore, the magnetic flux flowing between the N-pole magnet 42 (N) and the S-pole magnet 42 (S) is a magnetic flux flow 61 and the other is a magnetic flux flow 62, and the magnetic pole of the magnet 42, the rotor 38, and the teeth 47. And in the stator 39.

As a result, a magnetic flux having a large magnetic flux amount obtained by joining the two magnetic flux flows 61 and 62 flows into the coil 49 of the tooth 47v via the teeth 47v disposed in the coil 49.
While the rotor 38 is rotating in the direction of arrow a, the magnetic flux flowing in the coil 49 in the above state crosses the coil 49, so that a current is generated in the coil 49 according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The current generated in the coil 49 generates an S-polar magnetic flux from the coil 49 upward.

That is, the S-polarized magnetic flux formed in the coil 49, that is, in the teeth 47v by the current generated in the coil 49 works to attract the N-pole magnet 42 (N).
That is, a resistance force (magnetic resistance) is applied to the rotation of the rotor 38. The faster the rotor 38 rotates, the higher the speed at which the magnetic flux in the coil 49 where the magnetic flux flows 61 and 62 are merged crosses the coil 49. The higher the speed at which the magnetic flux crosses the coil 49 is, the larger current is generated in the coil 49. To do. As the generated current increases, the amount of S-polarized magnetic flux formed in the teeth 47v by this current increases and the magnetic resistance to the rotor 38 increases.

Eventually, the increase in the rotational force of the rotor 38 and the magnetic resistance are balanced. This equilibrium state is the limit point of the rotational speed described above. Of course, if the power is increased, the limit point is extended, but the power consumption for that purpose increases geometrically, which is not a good idea.
A field-weakening control method is known as means for eliminating the weak point of the rotational characteristics of the axial gap type electric motor and increasing the rotational force, that is, shifting from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation.

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a field-weakening control method. As described with reference to FIG. 7, in the state where no current is applied to the coil 49 when the N-pole magnet 42 (also in the case of the S-pole magnet 42) is directly above the teeth 47, the rotor 38 When the rotation goes up, a large resistance is applied to the rotation.
However, as shown in the figure, an appropriate current is applied to the coil 49 in the direction indicated by the arrow E (the opposite direction in the case of the S-pole magnet 42) when the N-pole magnet 42 is directly above the teeth 47. As a result, an N-polar magnetic flux is generated in the direction indicated by the arrow G4 in the tooth 47 (the opposite direction in the case of the S-pole magnet 42).

The magnetic flux generated from the coil serves to weaken the N-polar magnetic flux directed from the N-pole magnet 42 to the teeth 47 as indicated by the arrow G2. That is, since the magnetic flux flows 61 and 62 shown in FIG. 7 are weakened, the magnetic resistance is reduced and the rotational force is increased accordingly. That is, low torque and high speed rotation can be obtained.
This field weakening control method is an alternating method applied to the three-phase teeth 47 of U phase, V phase, and W phase that are applied at a timing when the current becomes zero when the electromagnet 42 shown in FIG. A new current that is out of phase with respect to the phase of the current, that is, a current that generates magnetic flux in a direction that weakens the magnetic flux from the electromagnet 42 to the coil at the timing when the current becomes zero (for rotational driving) ( Torque generation) Apply to the coil in addition to the current. That is, a current that does not contribute to the rotational torque itself is newly applied.

In addition, as a method for obtaining the low torque and high speed rotation of the electric motor as described above, there is a method of widening the gap between the rotor and the stator in the rotation axis direction, that is, widening the magnetic gap between the rotor and the stator. That was mentioned above.
However, the inventor of the present invention has realized that the flow of magnetic flux is unstable in the magnetic gap between the rotor and the stator that are rotating relative to each other. The present invention begins when the inventor has realized that the flow of magnetic flux flow is unstable in the magnetic gap between the rotor and the stator that are rotating relative to each other as described above.

The inventor has found that the flow of the magnetic flux flow can be controlled by finding a place where the flow of the magnetic flux flow is in order and forming a changeable magnetic gap there. As a result, controllability of output characteristics can be improved. This will be described below.
(Configuration and operation of axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention)
Next, the configuration and operation of the axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the basic configuration and driving principle of the axial gap type electric motor as described above.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment together with the configuration in the vicinity of the rear end portion of the rear arm. In FIG. 9, the same components as those in FIG. 2 are given the same numbers as in FIG.
FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration of the axial gap type electric motor (hereinafter simply referred to as an electric motor) of this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

The electric motor 70 of this example first includes a rotor 71. The rotor 71 is configured to rotate in a disk shape around the rotation shaft 72. The rotor 71 has the same configuration as the rotor 38 shown in the basic configuration of FIGS.
That is, in FIG. 10, the rotor 71, the rotating shaft 72, the rotor side yoke 73, the annular portion 74, the tapered portion 75, the first cylindrical portion 76, the annular portion 77, the second cylindrical portion 78, and the field 2 and 4, the magnet 79 includes the rotor 38, the rotating shaft 41e, the rotor-side yoke 41, the annular portion 41a, the tapered portion 41b, the first cylindrical portion 41c, the annular portion 41d, 2 cylindrical portions (rotating shafts) 43 and field magnets 42 are the same.

A stator (stator) 88 is disposed opposite to the rotor 71 (more specifically, a surface on which a plurality of field magnets 79 are disposed). The stator 88 is divided into two parts, a first stator 83 and a second stator 87.
The first stator 83 includes a first stator core 80 having a plurality of first teeth 81 held by a holding member (not shown). The first teeth 81 are arranged with one end surface 81 a facing the rotor 71 along the axial direction of the rotation shaft 72. That is, the first tooth 81 has a facing portion that faces the rotor 71. These first teeth 81 are provided with windings 82 around side surfaces 81c excluding both end surfaces (81a, 81b) thereof.

  The first teeth 81 are formed such that the end surface 81a (first end surface) on the facing portion facing the rotor 71 is larger than the end surface 81b (second end surface) on the opposite side to the facing portion. ing. As a result, the gap between the pair of first teeth 81 adjacent to each other is narrow on the side of the facing surface 81 a (first surface) facing the rotor 71, and the end surface 81 b on the opposite side of the facing portion. It is wider on the (second end face) side.

  The plurality of first teeth 81 in a state where the winding 82 is applied are molded integrally with the winding 82 to form a first stator 83 having an annular shape as a whole. The torque generation drive current applied to each winding (coil) 82 of the first tooth 81 of the first stator 83 is controlled by the same method as described in FIG. 5, that is, field weakening control. The torque generation of the electric motor is controlled by current control using a basic driving method that is not performed.

Further, the second stator 87 does not have a facing portion that faces the rotor 71, and the same number of second teeth 84 as the first teeth 81 are held by the holding member 85, and the second stator 87 itself is the first one. 2 stator cores (87).
The second teeth 84 of the second stator 87 have one end 84 a opposite to the end surface 81 a facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth 81 of the first stator 83. It is arranged to face the end surface 81b (second end surface) of the.

The other end portion 84 b of the second tooth 84 is press-fitted into a plurality of mounting holes 86 formed in the annular holding member 85 and fixed.
A second stator 87 is formed by the second teeth 84 and a holding member 85 that is press-fitted and fixed to the mounting holes 86. In addition, it is preferable that the second teeth 84 and the holding member 85 are integrally molded. In this example, the second teeth 84 and the holding member 85 are also molded, but the mold is not shown in FIG.

  FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a state in which the electric motor 70 having the above configuration is assembled together with the rotation control system. In FIG. 11, the same components as those in FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. Also in FIG. 11, the illustration of the mold of the first stator 83 and the second stator 87 is omitted. Further, in the holding member 85 of the second stator 87 shown in FIG. 11, a slit 89 (see the slit 59 in FIG. 4) not shown in FIG. 10 is shown.

As shown in FIG. 11, in the electric motor 70 shown in the exploded view of FIG. 10, the rotor 71, the first stator 83, and the second stator 87 face each other with a slight gap therebetween in the direction of the rotation axis. Are arranged sequentially.
As the name suggests, the first stator 83 is fixed to the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 shown in FIG. On the other hand, the second stator 87 is not completely fixed and rotates slightly with respect to the first stator 83, as will be described in detail later.

As shown in FIG. 11, the rotation mechanism is such that the gear engaging tooth portion 90 formed on a part of the side surface of the holding member 85 of the second stator 87 is a small-diameter gear of the reduction gear 91 of the rotation control system. It is formed by meshing.
The large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 91 is engaged with the small-diameter gear of the next-stage reduction gear 92, and the large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 92 is engaged with the small-diameter gear of the third-stage reduction gear 93. The large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 93 meshes with a worm gear 95 fixed at the tip of the rotating shaft of the motor 94.

  The motor 94 is connected to a drive pulse voltage output terminal (not shown) of a controller 97 to which circuit drive power is supplied from a power supply 96, and is driven to rotate in both forward and reverse directions. The forward and reverse rotations by the motor 94 are converted to a right angle by the worm gear 95 and reduced in speed and transmitted to the large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 93. Accordingly, the speed is further reduced in three stages and transmitted to the gear engaging tooth portion 90 formed on the holding member 85 of the second stator 87.

Accordingly, the second stator 87 is configured to be slightly movable in the rotation direction of the rotor 71 with respect to the first stator 83. That is, the second stator 87 reciprocates steplessly and intermittently with a narrow rotation angle. In other words, the second stator 87 rotates slightly steplessly and intermittently in both forward and reverse directions along the rotation direction of the rotor 71.
12 (a), 12 (b), and 12 (c) explain the rotation angle and operation of the reciprocating movement performed by the second stator 87 with respect to the first stator 83 along the rotation direction of the rotor 71. It is a figure to do. In FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C, the displacement state of the second teeth 84 of the second stator 87 relative to the first teeth 81 of the first stator 83 is shown in an easily understandable manner. The winding 82, the slit 89, the gear engaging tooth 90, the rotation control system, etc. shown in FIG. 11 are not shown.

FIG. 12A shows the positional relationship of the second teeth 84 of the second stator 87 with respect to the first teeth 81 of the first stator 83 corresponding to the high-torque low-speed rotation of the electric motor 70 shown in FIG. Show. In this example, this positional relationship is used as a reference position.
Due to the above-described rotation of the second stator 87, the second tooth 84 is moved from the reference position shown in FIG. 12A, that is, the position facing the first tooth 81 to the intermediate position shown in FIG. Through the position, the rotor 71 rotates (reciprocates) within a narrow angle to the maximum movement position shown in FIG. 12 (c), that is, a position just between the first teeth 81 and 81, along the rotation direction indicated by the arrow a. Movement) is possible. Note that the intermediate position shown in FIG. 12 (b) indicates an arbitrary position of stepless and intermittent rotation.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams for explaining the principle of rotation control from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation of the electric motor 70 of this example.
In FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the winding 82 and the mold wound around the first tooth 81 are not shown for easy understanding. Similarly, the mold of the second teeth 84 and the holding member 85 is not shown.

FIG. 13 (a) shows a state during high-torque low-speed rotation in which the second tooth 84 shown in FIG. 12 (a) is in a position facing the first tooth 81, and FIG. FIG. 12 (c) shows a state at the time of low-torque high-speed rotation in which the second teeth 84 shown in FIG. 12 (c) are located at an intermediate position between the pair of first teeth 81 and 81 adjacent to each other.
FIG. 13A shows that the i-th magnet 79i of the rotor 71 faces the i-th first tooth 81i of the first stator 83 on the stator side, and the first tooth thereof. A state is shown in which the i-th second tooth 84i of the second stator 87 on the stator side is directly facing 81i. That is, the same state as in FIG.

  In FIG. 13B, the positional relationship between the magnet 79i of the rotor 71 and the first tooth 81i of the first stator 83 is not changed, and the second tooth 84i of the second stator 87 is the first. This shows a state in which the first tooth 81i of the stator 83 and the other first tooth 81i + 1 adjacent thereto are located in the middle. That is, it shows the same state as FIG.

  In FIG. 13A, the annular portion 74 of the rotor-side yoke 73 in the rotor 71, the first teeth 81 (81i-1, 81i, 81i + 1) of the first stator 83, and the second teeth of the second stator 87. The second teeth 84 (84i-1, 84i, 84i + 1) and the holding member 85 are strongly permeable, and the magnetic resistance between the opposed surfaces of the magnet 79 (79i-1, 79i, 79i + 1) and the first tooth 81 is large. h and the magnetic resistance k between the opposed surfaces of the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84 are very close and low.

  As described above, since the end surface 81a (first end surface) facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth 81 is formed larger than the other end surface 81b (second end surface), Between the pair of first teeth 81 adjacent to each other, between the end faces 81a facing the rotor 71 (between the facing portions), a magnetic resistance j that is extremely smaller than the magnetic resistance between the other end faces is formed. The magnetic resistance j is larger than the magnetic resistance h with the rotor 71 described above. That is, these magnetic resistances have a relationship of “h≈k <j”.

  Therefore, the magnetic flux formed between the magnet 79i (assuming the N pole) and the adjacent magnet 79i-1 (being the S pole) hardly transmits the magnetic resistance j, and the magnetic resistance h and the first teeth 81i. , The magnetic resistance k, the second tooth 84i, the holding member 85, the second tooth 84i-1, the magnetic resistance k, the first tooth 81i-1, the magnetic resistance h, and the strong magnetic flux passing through the annular portion 74. A stream 98a is formed. That is, a magnetic flux flow 98a flowing through a pair of first teeth 81i and 81i-1 adjacent to each other is formed via the second stator 87.

  Further, the magnetic flux formed between the magnet 79i (N pole) and the other adjacent magnet 79i + 1 (S pole) hardly transmits the magnetic resistance j, so that the magnetic resistance h, the first tooth 81i, the magnetic resistance k, The second tooth 84i + 1, the holding member 85, the second tooth 84i + 1, the magnetic resistance k, the first tooth 81i + 1, the magnetic resistance h, and the strong magnetic flux flow 98b that passes through the annular portion 74 are formed. That is, the magnetic flux flow 98b flowing through the pair of first teeth 81i and 81i + 1 adjacent to each other is formed via the second stator 87.

These phenomena also occur when the magnet 79i is not an N-pole magnet but an S-pole magnet, and only the direction of the magnetic flux flow is reversed, and the magnet 79, the first tooth 81, and the second tooth are related to each other. 84, the holding member 85, and the strong magnetic flux flowing through the annular portion 74 are formed.
As described above, this strong magnetic flux flow becomes a magnetic resistance, and the electric motor 70 has an early limit on the transition from the high torque low speed rotation to the low torque high speed rotation. In addition, as described above, there is a field-weakening control method for extending the limit value.

However, in this example, as described in FIGS. 11 and 12A, 12B, and 12C, the second teeth 84 are adjacent to each other from a reference position facing the first teeth 81. The first teeth 81 and 81 can be rotated (reciprocated) along the rotation direction indicated by the arrow a of the rotor 71 within a narrow angle up to a maximum movement position just between the first teeth 81 and 81.
Now, it is assumed that the second tooth 84 is rotated from the reference position shown in FIG. 13 (a) to the maximum movement position shown in FIG. 13 (b). At this time, a magnetic resistance m larger than the magnetic resistance k when facing the front is formed in the facing portion between the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84, and the second tooth 84 is further from the holding member 85. Also, the magnetic resistance n larger than the magnetic resistance m between the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84 is present between the first tooth 81 and the holding member 85. It is formed.

  That is, there is a relationship of “m <n”. n can be ignored with respect to m. Therefore, in the state shown in FIG. 13 (b), the second tooth is just in the middle position between the first tooth 81 and the other first teeth 81 adjacent thereto. When the tooth 84 moves, the second tooth and the end surface 81b (second end surface) opposite to the opposite end surface 81a (first end surface) facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth. It can be said that the magnetic resistance formed in is m.

  As described above, since the end surface 81a facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth 81 is larger than the other end surface 81b, it is between the pair of adjacent first teeth 81. In FIG. 13 (b), the magnetic resistance j formed between the facing portions facing the rotor 71 (between the end faces 81a) is extremely small. In the state shown in FIG. A 2m "relationship is formed.

  That is, the shortest distance formed between the second tooth and the end surface 81b (second end surface) opposite to the end surface 81a (first end surface) facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth. More than (magnetic resistance m), it faces the rotor 71 of the other first tooth 81 adjacent to the end surface 81a (opposing portion) facing the rotor 71 of the first tooth 81 and the first tooth 81. It can be said that the distance (magnetic resistance j) formed between the end surface 81a (opposing portion) is small.

  Then, by entering this state, that is, when the magnetic resistance between the members forms a relationship of “h <j <m <n”, as shown in FIG. N pole) and the magnetic flux formed between other adjacent magnets 79i-1 (S pole) are also held by the first tooth 81i to the second tooth 84i-1 by the magnetic resistance m and the magnetic resistance n. The weak magnetic flux flow 99 a that passes through the first tooth 81 i, the magnetic resistance j, the first tooth 81 i-1, and the annular portion 74 is formed without substantially flowing through 85. That is, the light passes through the space between the opposing portion (end surface 81a) of the pair of adjacent first teeth 81i and 81i-1 and the opposing portion (end surface 81a) of the pair of first teeth 81i and 81i-1. A magnetic flux flow 99a is formed.

  Further, the magnetic flux formed between the magnet 79i (N pole) and another adjacent magnet 79i + 1 (S pole) is also held by the first tooth 81i to the second tooth 84i + 1 by the magnetic resistance m and the magnetic resistance n. The weak magnetic flux 99b that passes through the first teeth 81i, the magnetic resistance j, the first teeth 81i + 1, and the annular portion 74 is formed without substantially flowing through the member 85. That is, the magnetic flux flow 99b that passes through the space between the opposing portion (end surface 81a) of the pair of adjacent first teeth 81i, 81i + 1 and the opposing portion (end surface 81a) of the pair of first teeth 81i, 81i + 1. It is formed.

Thus, the magnetic flux from the magnet 79 hardly traverses the winding 82 of the first tooth 81 (not shown), and the magnetic resistance in the rotating direction of the rotor 71 due to this magnetic flux crossing the winding 82 is reduced. Since it is released, high speed rotation is possible.
Similarly, since the magnetic flux from the magnet 79 hardly flows into the winding core portion of the first tooth 81, it is generated between the first tooth 81 energized in the winding 82 and the magnet 79. Torque to the rotating rotor 71 is reduced. That is, low torque high speed rotation is realized.

Thus, since the second tooth only reciprocates between the position directly facing the first tooth and the intermediate position to the adjacent first tooth, the overall configuration can be made compact.
Here, a space for forming the above-described magnetic resistance, that is, a gap (j, k, m, n, etc. in FIG. 13) serving as the magnetic resistance will be described. The gap serving as the magnetic resistance is air in the middle of the path through which the magnetic flux flows or a magnetic resistance space equivalent to air. The gap (hereinafter simply referred to as the gap) that becomes the magnetoresistance will be further described.

FIGS. 14A to 14E are views for explaining the difference between the contact area and the gap for changing the magnetic resistance between the two members. In general, when a magnetic flux flowing out of a magnet is about to flow between two members made of a magnetic material, it is known that if the flow of the magnetic flux is secured even partly, the magnet will not emit an excess amount of magnetic flux. ing.
When the above two members are completely separated by a gap, the magnet will flow from a place where it is most likely to flow, that is, a place where the gap is narrow, trying to flow a magnetic flux.

FIG. 14A shows a state where two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 having an L-shaped cross section are in close contact with each other. The magnetic body 101 has an area A in the longitudinal section of the main body and an area B in the longitudinal section of the protrusion. The magnetic body 102 has an area D in the longitudinal section of the main body portion and an area DB in the longitudinal section of the protruding portion. And the area of the horizontal surface of these protrusion parts is the same area C, respectively.
Here, it is assumed that area A = area D = area C = 200 S and area B = 50 S. Then, it is assumed that the magnetic flux 103 emitted from the magnet (not shown) flows from the magnetic body 101 toward the magnetic body 102.

Here, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 are in the area B portion of the longitudinal section and the area DB portion of the longitudinal section while keeping the area C portion of the horizontal plane in sliding contact. It is assumed that the distances a and b (a = b) are relatively moved apart.
As a result, the magnetic flux flow 103 flowing into the main body having the area A = 200 S of the magnetic body 101 is saturated at the area B of the longitudinal section because a gap of a distance b is generated between the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102. , Only the magnetic flux flowing through the area B = 50 S is obtained. The magnetic flux flow 103 flows into the magnetic body 102 via the sliding contact surface C1 (area C1 = 150S, B <C1).

Next, as shown in FIG. 14 (c), the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 are further in sliding contact with the area C of the horizontal plane, and the area B of the longitudinal section and the area DB of the longitudinal section. It is assumed that the portions are relatively separated by distances 2a and 2b.
Also in this case, the magnetic flux that is saturated in the area B of the longitudinal section is only the magnetic flux that flows through the area B = 50S, and passes through the sliding contact surface C2 (area C2 = 100S, B <C2). Flow into.

That is, there is no change in the magnetoresistance between FIG. 14 (b) and FIG. 14 (c). That is, the space of the distances a, b or 2a, 2b that are separated in the direction of magnetic flux flow between the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 has no change in magnetoresistance even if the distance changes (the magnetoresistance is not variable). It is not a space that forms a magnetic resistance. That is not a gap.
Here, as further shown in FIG. 14 (d), the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 have the area B portion of the longitudinal section and the area DB of the longitudinal section while keeping the area C portion of the horizontal plane in sliding contact. It is assumed that the portions are relatively moved apart by distances 3.5a and 3.5b.

At this time, the area C portion of the horizontal plane is the sliding contact surface C3 = 25S. That is, B> C3. Therefore, the magnetic flux flow 103 is saturated at the sliding contact surface C3 and flows into the magnetic body 102 side by an area of 25S.
That is, the magnetic resistance between the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 changes only when the sliding surface of the sliding surface C becomes smaller than the area B of the longitudinal section of the protruding portion of the magnetic body 101. That is, the magnetoresistance changes with the change in the area of the sliding contact surface between the two members.

The change in the magnetic resistance in FIGS. 14C to 14D is due to the change in the area of the sliding contact surface C (change from C2 to C3), and the change in the separation distance between the two members (2a and 2b). → Changes between 3.5a and 3.5b) That is, the changed separation distances 3.5a and 3.5b between the two members are not still gaps.
Further, FIG. 14 (e) shows that the two magnetic bodies 101 and 102 are relatively separated from each other by a distance 5a and a distance 5b in the area B portion of the longitudinal section and the area DB portion of the longitudinal section. The sliding contact surface C3 shown in (d) is completely separated from the sliding contact, and is shown separated by a distance C4.

As described above, when the two members are completely separated by the gap, the magnetic flux flow of the magnet flows most easily, that is, at the narrowest distance C4. That is, the magnetoresistance is generated at the distance C4, and this distance C4 is the magnetoresistance gap. That is, the magnetic resistance changes in accordance with the change in the distance at the distance C4.
In other words, the distance C4 is a gap for changing the magnetic resistance, but the distances 5a and 5b are not spaces for changing the magnetic resistance, that is, not a gap. In this example, what is described as a gap is a portion that forms the distance C4 as described above.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the stator is divided into at least two parts, and the other part is arranged with respect to one part in the rotation direction of the rotor, that is, in the core wound with the winding from the rotor. By moving in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux flowing through the variable gap, a variable gap is formed, whereby the output characteristics of the rotating electrical machine can be greatly varied without consuming electric power that does not contribute to torque.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing the configuration of the main part of a modified example (No. 1) of the axial gap type electric motor in the first embodiment described above.
FIG. 15A shows a state where the first teeth 81 of the first stator 83 and the second teeth 84 of the second stator 87 which are the same as those shown in FIG. Show. From this state, the second tooth 84 of this example moves away from the first tooth 81 obliquely downward as indicated by a double arrow e in the figure.

That is, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), the second stator 87 moves relative to the first stator 83 in a direction parallel to the rotation direction of the rotor 71 (not shown), and the rotor 71 It also moves in the direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation.
Therefore, the distance in the direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotor 71 between the first teeth 81 of the first stator 83 and the second teeth 84 of the second stator 87 is the distance p shown in FIG. The distance p ′ (p ′> p) shown in FIG.

That is, the magnetoresistive gap between the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84 is larger than that in the case of FIG. Thereby, the output characteristic of the electric motor can be varied more greatly.
FIGS. 16A to 16D are diagrams showing the configuration of the main part of a modified example (No. 2) of the axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), the first tooth 104 in this example has a protrusion that abuts against the side surface of the second tooth 105 on the end surface facing one end of the second tooth 105. The installation unit 104-1 is provided.
As a result, the first tooth 104 is positioned at the directly facing position by prohibiting the second tooth 105 from moving to the right from the directly facing position shown in FIG.

Also in this example, the second tooth 105 not only moves in a direction parallel to the rotation direction of the rotor 71 (not shown) with respect to the first tooth 104 but is also perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotor 71. It can be moved in the direction. That is, the first tooth 81 can be moved so as to be separated obliquely downward.
FIG. 16 (c) shows an example in which the second tooth 105 moves horizontally as indicated by the arrow f with respect to the first tooth 104, and FIG. 16 (d) shows that the second tooth 105 is moved. An example is shown in which the first tooth 104 is moved horizontally and vertically, that is, obliquely downward as indicated by an arrow g.

Also in this case, the magnetoresistive gap between the first tooth 104 and the second tooth 105 is larger than that in the case of FIG. Thereby, the output characteristic of the electric motor can be varied more greatly.
(Configuration and operation of axial gap type electric motor according to the first embodiment)
FIGS. 17A to 17D are views showing the configuration of the main part of the axial gap type electric motor according to the first reference embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 17 (a) and 17 (c), the first tooth 106 in this example has a winding 107 on the circumferential surface below the end portion 106-1 facing the annular portion 74 of the rotor 71. Is formed by being divided into a part with winding 106-2 having a winding and a part 106-3 without winding having no winding on the peripheral surface.
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 17B and 17C, the second tooth 108 includes an inner tooth 109 corresponding to the wound portion 106-2 of the first tooth 106, and the first tooth 106. The teeth 106 are formed separately from the outer teeth 110 corresponding to the unwound portions 106-3 of the teeth 106.

The inner teeth 109 of the second teeth 108 are arranged on the inner side (center axis side) of the annular holding member 111, and the outer teeth 110 are outside the holding member 111 and between two adjacent teeth 109. It is arranged at the corresponding position.
The state shown in FIG. 17 (c) is the same as in the case of FIG. 13 (a), where the coiled portion 106-2 of the first tooth 106 and the inner tooth 109 of the second tooth 108 face each other. . Since the non-winding portion 106-3 and the outer teeth 110 are alternately arranged outside the annular arrangement portion, the magnetic gap is remarkably large, and therefore hardly participates in the magnetic flux flow.

On the other hand, the state shown in FIG. 17 (d) is the case where the positional relationship between the wound portion 106-2 of the first tooth 106 and the inner tooth 109 of the second tooth 108 is as shown in FIG. 13 (b). Are the same. And the part 106-3 without a coil | winding and the outer teeth 110 have faced each other.
That is, the magnetic flux of the field magnet 79 circulates through the unwound portion 106-3, the outer teeth 110, and the holding member 111, and hardly flows through the wound portion 106-2 of the first tooth 106. . That is, the magnetic flux flow in the portion 106-2 with winding can be blocked more strongly than in the example shown in FIG.

In the first embodiment and the first reference embodiment, both the opposing surface of the rotor and the stator and the opposing surface between the stators divided into two parts are the rotational surfaces of the rotor. Although formed so as to be parallel (horizontal in the figure), the facing surfaces of the respective parts are not limited to this.
18 (a) and 18 (b) are diagrams showing an example in which the opposing surfaces of the rotor and the stator and the opposing surfaces between the stators divided into two parts each form an inclined surface. .

In the example shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the opposing surfaces of the field magnet 113 held by the rotor 112, the first tooth 114, and the second tooth 116 held by the holding member 115 are as follows. Each of the rotors 112 is formed in an outwardly rising shape in the radiation direction with respect to the center 117 of the rotor 112. Even if it does in this way, the effect | action and effect similar to the case of the said 1st and 2nd embodiment are acquired.
(Configuration of Radial Gap Electric Motor According to Second Embodiment of the Present Invention)
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a radial gap type electric motor according to the second embodiment.

In the drawing, the components having the same functions as those in FIG. 10 are given the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
As shown in the figure, this radial gap type electric motor includes a cylindrical rotor 73 that rotates around a rotation shaft (indicated by a rotation center 117 in the figure), and a cylindrical inner side of the rotor 73. Cylindrical first stator core having a plurality of first teeth 81 that are disposed so that one end surface 81a is opposed to the rotor 73 and windings 82 are provided around the side surfaces excluding both end surfaces 81a and 81b. 83.

Further, one end portion 84 a is disposed opposite to the end surface of the first stator core 83 opposite to the end surface facing the rotor 73 of the first tooth 81, and the other end portion 84 b is held by the holding member 85. A second stator core 87 having a plurality of second teeth 84 is provided.
In this radial gap type electric motor, the second stator core 87 is generated by energizing the winding 82 of the first stator core 83 and is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux flowing through the first teeth 81, that is, Moves clockwise or counterclockwise in the figure. Thereby, field control similar to that described in FIGS. 13A and 13B is possible.
(Configuration of radial gap type electric motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention)
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a radial gap type electric motor according to the third embodiment.

In the same figure, the components having the same functions as those in FIG. 10 are given the same numbers as those in FIG.
As shown in the figure, this radial gap type electric motor includes a columnar or cylindrical rotor 73 that rotates about a rotation shaft 72 and one side of the rotor 73 in the radiation direction outside the rotor 73. A first stator core 83 is provided that includes a plurality of first teeth 81 that are arranged to face the end surface 81a and that have windings 82 around the side surfaces excluding both end surfaces 81a and 81b.

Furthermore, one end portion 84a is disposed opposite to the end surface 81b opposite to the end surface 81a facing the rotor 73 of the first teeth 81 of the first stator core 83, and the other end portion 84b is used as a holding member. A second stator core 87 having a plurality of second teeth 84 held by 85 is provided.
In this radial gap type electric motor, the second stator core 87 is generated by energizing the winding 82 of the first stator core 83 and is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux flowing through the first teeth 81, that is, Moves clockwise or counterclockwise in the figure. Thereby, field control similar to that described in FIGS. 13A and 13B is possible.
(Configuration of axial gap type electric motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention)
FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the main part of the axial gap type electric motor according to the second embodiment. This figure shows only the rotor of the axial gap type electric motor of this example.

As shown in FIG. 21, the rotor 120 of this example first includes a plurality of field magnets 122 fixed to the annular portion 121 of the rotor yoke of the first rotor 120-1.
Next, the same number of magnetic bodies 123 as the field magnets 122 are arranged on a holding rotating member (not shown) so as to be almost slidably in contact with the rotating surfaces of the field magnets 122, and the first rotor 120-1. And a second rotor 120-2 configured to rotate in cooperation with the first rotor 120-1.

The stator disposed opposite to the rotor 120 is a stator having the same configuration as the stator 39 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
In the axial gap type electric motor of this example, at low speed and high torque rotation, as shown in FIG. 21, the first rotor 120-1 and the second rotor 120-2 are connected to the field magnet 122. It is set at a position where the magnetic bodies 123 rotate in the same phase so that they completely overlap.

Thereby, the magnetic flux of the field magnet 122 is controlled to converge on the magnetic body 123 and then flow into the teeth of the stator.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship of the rotational phase shift between the first rotor 120-1- and the second rotor 120-2 during high-speed / low-torque rotation in the above configuration. FIG. 22 shows a state in which the rotational phase shift between the first rotor 120-1 and the second rotor 120-2 is maximum.

The first rotor 120-1 and the second rotor 120-2 form a shift at an arbitrary position from the state in which the phases shown in FIG. 21 match to the state in which the phase shown in FIG. It is possible.
In the state shown in FIG. 22 where the phase is shifted by 15 degrees, the magnetic gap between the field magnet 122 and the magnetic body 123 is the rotational axis radiation, except for a slightly small magnetic gap partially formed at the end in the rotation center direction. It is extremely large in most of the directions, and most of the magnetic flux flow of the field magnet 122 flows to the adjacent field magnet 122 through the annular portion 121 and returns.

Then, an extremely partial amounts flux flowing through the magnetic body 123 through a small magnetic gap in the rotation center direction end portion, also the magnetic gap between the further magnetic body 123 and the stator Te I over scan, the center of rotation Except for the slightly small magnetic gap that is partially formed at the end of the direction, it is extremely large in most of the radial direction of the rotation axis.
Therefore, the magnetic flux flow slightly flows from the field magnet 122 to the magnetic body 123 is the stator Te I over scan of never hardly flows. Thereby, the drive state at the time of high speed and low torque rotation is implement | achieved.

In other words, the amount of flux linkage is controlled by controlling the rotational phase shift between the first rotor and the second rotor at appropriate positions from the state of FIG. 21 to the state of FIG. Thus, the relationship between the rotational speed and the rotational torque can be controlled without using unnecessary power for field control.
(Configuration of axial gap type electric motor according to the third embodiment of the present invention)
FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of an axial gap type electric motor according to the third reference embodiment. FIG. 23 shows only the rotor of the axial gap type electric motor of this example.

As shown in FIG. 23, the rotor 124 of this example first includes a plurality of magnetic bodies 126 fixed to the annular portion 125 of the rotor yoke of the first rotor 124-1.
Next, the same number of magnetic united magnets 129 as the magnetic body 126 are arranged on the holding rotating member (not shown) so as to be almost slidably in contact with the rotation surfaces of the magnetic bodies 126, and the first rotor 124-1. A second rotor 124-2 is provided which is configured to engage with the same shaft and rotate in cooperation with the first rotor 124-1.

The magnetic united magnet 129 is formed by overlapping a magnetic body 127 disposed facing the magnetic body 126 side and a field magnet 128 disposed facing the stator side (not shown). ing.
The stator disposed opposite to the rotor 124 is a stator having the same configuration as the stator 39 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

In the axial gap type electric motor of this example, at the time of low-speed and high-torque rotation, as shown in FIG. 23, the first rotor 124-1 and the second rotor 124-2 are composed of the magnetic body 126 and the magnetic body. It is set at a position that rotates in the same phase so that the united magnet 129 completely overlaps.
As a result, the magnetic flux of the field magnet 128 is converged by the combined magnetic body 127 and the magnetic body 126 facing upwardly from the magnetic pole 127, and then the flow is adjusted. The magnetic flux is converged by the magnetic material 127 facing the lower portion 125 and the adjacent magnetic material 126 and the magnetic material 126, and the flow is adjusted here, and flows to the magnetic field 127 combined with the magnetic material 127.

Then, the magnetic flux from the other magnetic pole of the field magnet 128 flows into the teeth of the stator facing the field magnet 128 below, and flows to the adjacent teeth via the stator side yoke.
That is, the magnetic flux of the field magnet 128 is a combined magnetic body 127, a magnetic body 126, an annular portion 125, an adjacent magnetic body 126, a magnetic body 127 facing the magnetic body 126, and a combined field. It flows through the magnets 128, the stator teeth, the stator side yoke, the adjacent teeth, and the united field magnets 128 facing the magnets, and then flows back through the coils attached to the stator teeth.

This state is the same state as the flow of magnetic flux shown in FIG. 13 (a), thereby realizing a driving state at the time of low speed and high torque rotation.
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship of the rotational phase shift between the first rotor 124-1 and the second rotor 124-2 during high-speed, low-torque rotation in the configuration of the axial gap type electric motor. It is. FIG. 24 shows a state in which the rotational phase shift between the first rotor 124-1 and the second rotor 124-2 is maximum.

In this example, the first rotor 124-1 and the second rotor 124-2 can be placed at any positions from the state in which the phases shown in FIG. 23 match to the state in which the phases shown in FIG. It is possible to form a gap.
24, the magnetic gap between the magnetic body 127 and the magnetic body 126 is extremely large. Therefore, the magnetic flux of the magnetic body 127 hardly flows to the magnetic body 126 and is blocked.

This state is slightly different from the state shown in FIG. 13 (b), but the gap becomes large at the portion where the magnetic flux flow has been converged and arranged until then, the magnetic flux flow is interrupted, and the teeth on the stator side are cut off. In the state where the magnetic flux does not flow through, the same state is obtained. Thereby, the drive state at the time of high speed and low torque rotation is implement | achieved.
In other words, by controlling the rotational phase shift between the first rotor 124-1 and the second rotor 124-2 at appropriate positions from the state of FIG. 23 to the state of FIG. It is possible to control the relationship between the rotational speed and the rotational torque without using unnecessary power for controlling the magnetic field by controlling the amount of magnetic flux exchange.

From the above description in this specification, the following features can be understood in addition to the features described in the claims.
1. A rotor that rotates about a rotation axis;
A stator disposed opposite the rotor;
Have
Either the rotor or the stator is divided into at least two parts in the direction in which the rotor and the stator face each other,
Either one of the two divided parts moves in the rotational direction or the reverse rotational direction of the rotor with respect to the other part,
A gap that is a magnetic resistance between the first part and the second part is configured to be changeable.
Rotating electric machine characterized by that.
2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the movement of the one part with respect to the other part is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angle.
3. The one part and the other part are stators,
The other part is a first stator core including a plurality of first teeth with one end face facing the rotor and wound around a side surface;
The one part is a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth arranged so that one end is opposed to the end surface opposite to the end surface facing the rotor of the first tooth. is there,
Item 2. The rotating electric machine according to Item 1, wherein
4). The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein a rotation angle of the one portion with respect to the other portion is equal to or less than a sandwich angle between the second teeth located on the left and right sides.
5. The one part and the other part are rotors;
The other part is a first rotor including a plurality of first magnetic bodies having one end face opposed to the stator,
The one portion includes a second magnetic body having a plurality of second magnetic bodies disposed so that one end is opposed to an end face opposite to an end face of the first magnetic body facing the stator. A rotor,
Item 2. The rotating electric machine according to Item 1, wherein
6). 6. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 5, wherein a rotation angle of the one part with respect to the other part is equal to or less than a sandwiching angle between the second magnetic bodies located on the left and right sides.
7). A rotor having an annular portion that rotates about a rotation axis;
A first stator core having a plurality of first teeth that are disposed so that one end face thereof is opposed to the annular portion of the rotor and the winding is provided on a side peripheral face excluding both end faces. When,
A second stator core comprising a plurality of second teeth disposed on one end of the first stator core opposite to the end surface of the first teeth opposite to the rotor; ,
Have
The rotating electric machine according to claim 2, wherein the second stator core moves in a rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction of the rotor.
8). The rotating electric machine according to claim 7, wherein the second stator core moves in the rotation direction or the reverse rotation direction of the rotor and also moves in the axial direction of the rotor.
9. The said 1st teeth are provided with the protrusion part which contact | abuts the side surface of the said 2nd teeth in the end surface facing the said one end part of the said 2nd teeth. Rotating electric machine.
10. Below the end of the first tooth facing the annular portion of the rotor, the lower portion is formed separately into a portion having a winding on the peripheral surface and a portion having no winding on the peripheral surface,
The second tooth is a tooth corresponding to a portion having a winding on the peripheral surface of the first tooth and a tooth corresponding to a portion having no winding on the peripheral surface of the first tooth.
Item 8. The rotating electric machine according to Item 7,
11. The facing surface of the rotor and the first tooth is formed obliquely so that the facing surface of the rotor is thick on the inside in the rotational axis direction and thin on the outside. The rotating electrical machine described.
12 A cylindrical rotor that rotates about a rotation axis;
1st provided with the some 1st tooth | gear which was arrange | positioned in the said cylindrical inner side of this rotor so that one end surface might be opposed with respect to the said rotor, and the winding was performed around the side surface except both end surfaces A stator core;
A second stator core comprising a plurality of second teeth disposed on one end of the first stator core opposite to the end surface of the first teeth opposite to the rotor; ,
Have
The second stator core moves in a rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction of the rotor;
Rotating electric machine characterized by that.
13. A columnar or cylindrical rotor that rotates about a rotation axis;
A first stator core provided with a plurality of first teeth disposed on the outer side in the radiation direction of the rotor so as to face one end face of the rotor and wound around a side face excluding both end faces; ,
The first stator core has a plurality of first teeth, one end of which is disposed opposite to the end surface opposite to the end surface of the first teeth facing the rotor, and the other end of which is held by a holding member. A second stator core with two teeth;
Have
The second stator core moves in a rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction of the rotor;
Rotating electric machine characterized by that.
14 When the second tooth is in a position facing the first tooth, the magnetic resistance between the first tooth and the other first tooth adjacent to the first tooth is greater than the first resistance. The magnetic resistance between the first tooth and the second tooth facing the first tooth is smaller, and the intermediate position between the first tooth and the other first tooth adjacent to the first tooth is just above the intermediate position. When the second tooth moves, the first resistance via the second tooth is more than the magnetic resistance between the first tooth and the other first teeth adjacent to the first tooth. Item 14. The rotating electric machine according to Item 7, 12 or 13, wherein a magnetic resistance between the tooth and another first tooth adjacent to the first tooth is larger.
15. The magnetic resistance is adjusted by a distance between the first tooth and another first tooth adjacent to the first tooth, or a distance between the first tooth and the second tooth. Item 15. The rotating electrical machine according to Item 14, wherein:
16. 14. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7, 12 or 13, further comprising a moving driving force transmission mechanism that moves the second stator core in a rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction of the rotor.
17. 14. The rotation according to claim 7, 12 or 13, wherein the movement of the second stator core relative to the first stator core is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angle in a rotation direction or a reverse rotation direction of the rotor. Electric.
18. 14. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7, 12 or 13, wherein the movement of the second stator core with respect to the first stator core is an intermittent rotational movement in the rotation direction of the rotor.
19. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 7, 12 or 13, wherein the plurality of first teeth and the windings are molded integrally.
20. The rotating electric machine according to claim 7, 12 or 13, wherein the plurality of second teeth and the holding member are integrally molded.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric motorcycle 2 Head pipe 3 Handle 4 Handle support part 5 Grip 6 Front fork 7 Front wheel 8 Front axle 9 Meter 11 Head lamp 12 Flasher lamp 13 Car rest frame 14 Seat rail 14a Rear side end 15 Seat 16 Battery 17 Seat stay 18 Rear fender 19 Tail lamp 21 Flash lamp 22 Rear arm bracket 23 Rear arm 23a Rear end 24 Pivot shaft 25 Rear wheel 26 Rear cushion 27 Foot step 28 Side stand 29 Shaft 31 Return spring 32 Axial gap type electric motor 33 Drive unit 34 Gear cover 35 Planetary gear Reducer 36 Controller 37a, 37b Bearing BO Rotation center axis 38 Rotor 39 Stator 41 Rotor side yoke 41a Ring part 41b Tapered part 41c 1st cylindrical part 41d Annular part 41e 2nd cylindrical part 42 Field magnet (magnet)
43 Rotating shaft with teeth 44 Rear axle 44a Tip 45 Nuts 46 Stator side yoke 46a Outer peripheral surface 47 (47u, 47v, 47w) Teeth 48 Teeth missing part 49 Coil 51 Mold part 52 Flange 53 Bolt 54 Inverter 55 Encoder board 56 Wire Harness 57a, 57b, 57c Magnetic pole detection element 58 Insert hole 58a, 58b Inner side surface 59 Slit 61, 62 Magnetic flux 70 Axial gap type electric motor (electric motor)
71 Rotor 72 Rotating shaft 73 Rotor side yoke 74 Ring portion 75 Tapered portion 76 First cylinder portion 77 Ring portion 78 Second cylinder portion 79 Field magnet 80 First stator core 81 First teeth 81a 81b End surface 81c Side surface periphery 82 Winding 83 First stator 84 Second teeth 84a, 84b End portion 85 Holding member 86 Mounting hole 87 Second stator (core)
88 Stator
89 Slit 90 Gear engaging teeth 91, 92, 93 Reduction gear 94 Motor 95 Worm gear 96 Power supply 97 Controller 98a, 98b Magnetic flux flow 99a, 99b Magnetic flux flow 101, 102 Magnetic body 103 Magnetic flux 104 First teeth 104-1 Projection Part 105 Second tooth 106 First tooth 106-1 Rotor side end 106-2 Part with winding 106-3 Part without winding 107 Winding 108 Second tooth 109 Inner teeth 110 Outer teeth 111 Holding member DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 112 Rotor 113 Field magnet 114 1st teeth 115 Holding member 116 2nd teeth 117 Rotation center of rotor 120 Rotor 120-1 1st rotor 120-2 2nd rotor 121 Rotor yoke Ring part 122 field magnet 123 magnetic body 124 times Child 124-1 first rotor 124-2 second rotor 125 rotor yoke of the annular portion 126 magnetic 127 magnetic 128 field magnet 129 magnetic united magnet

Claims (8)

A rotor that includes a magnet and rotates about a rotation axis;
A stator comprising windings and disposed opposite the rotor;
Have
The stator is divided into at least two parts, a first part including a facing part facing the rotor and a second part not including the facing part;
Either one of the two divided parts is moved relative to the other part, and the magnetic resistance between the first part and the second part can be adjusted.
The magnetic resistance between the opposed portions of the pair of first parts adjacent to each other is made larger than the magnetic resistance between each first part and the second part, and between the N pole and S pole of the magnet. The pair of adjacent magnetic fluxes formed in the first portion is transmitted through the second portion without substantially transmitting the space between the opposing portions of the first portions adjacent to each other. A state of forming a magnetic flux flowing through the first portion;
The magnetic resistance between the opposed portions of the pair of first parts adjacent to each other is made smaller than the magnetic resistance between each first part and the second part, and between the N pole and S pole of the magnet. The magnetic flux formed in the first part is allowed to flow through the space between the opposed parts of the pair of the first parts adjacent to each other without almost flowing into the second part, and the opposed parts of the pair of the first parts and It can be changed to a state of forming a magnetic flux flow that passes through the space between the opposed portions of the pair of first portions.
Rotating electric machine characterized by that.   The first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and a gap between the pair of first portions adjacent to each other is The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating electric machine is narrow at the first end face and wide at the second end face.   The first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and between the first end surfaces of the pair of first portions adjacent to each other. 3. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic resistance is smaller than a magnetic resistance between the second end faces of the pair of adjacent first portions.   The first end surface of the first portion on the opposite portion side is formed larger than the second end surface on the opposite side of the opposite portion, and between the first end surfaces of the pair of first portions adjacent to each other. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a magnetic resistance is larger than a magnetic resistance between the first end face and the rotor.   The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the second end face faces the second portion.   The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the movement of the one part with respect to the other part is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angle along a rotation direction of the rotor. . The plurality of first portions are a plurality of first teeth having one end face opposed to the rotor and wound around a side surface,
The second portion is a second stator core including a plurality of second teeth disposed so that one end thereof is opposed to an end surface opposite to an end surface facing the rotor of the first tooth. Yes,
The one part moves in the rotation direction or the reverse rotation direction of the rotor with respect to the other part;
The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein   The rotation according to claim 7, wherein a rotation angle of the one part with respect to the other part is equal to or less than a sandwiching angle between a pair of the second teeth adjacent to each other along a rotation direction of the rotor. Electric.