JP5327401B1 - Shelter ventilation system, wall unit used in shelter ventilation system, shelter using shelter ventilation system, construction method of shelter ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
To develop a structure that can ensure the safety when replacing the main filter part and the safety when the fan of the fan drive part is driven manually by the crank part in ventilation in the shelter.
[Solution]
In the shelter ventilation system, a through hole 13 is provided in the partition wall 7, a pretreatment filter portion 8 and a main filter portion 9 are provided on the front chamber B side of the partition wall 7, and the retreat chamber C side of the partition wall 7 is provided. By providing the fan drive unit 10 and the crank unit 11, when the fan of the fan drive unit 10 is manually rotated by the rotation of the crank unit 11, the manually rotated operator can work safely, and the main filter unit Since the evacuation chamber C is prevented from being contaminated at the time of exchanging 9, secondary exposure and secondary contamination in the shelter can be minimized.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a shelter ventilation system capable of minimizing secondary exposure and secondary contamination in the shelter.

In shelters, shelter ventilators are used to remove harmful substances from the outdoors. A general shelter ventilation apparatus used in each country will be described with reference to FIGS. 9, 10, and 11. FIG.

FIG. 9 illustrates a state in which the shelter ventilator is installed in the evacuation chamber C as a general installation method. The shelter ventilator includes a pre-processing filter unit 105, a main filter unit 106, and a fan driving unit 107. Between the pre-processing filter unit 105 and the main filter unit 106, a main pipe unit 106 and a fan are driven by a second pipe 102. The part 107 is connected by a third pipe 103. This shelter ventilator is connected to a first pipe 101 embedded in the outer wall W.

The pretreatment filter unit 105 includes an explosion-proof valve 114 and a filter 105a, and the main filter unit 106 includes a main filter for removing all harmful substances. If it is confirmed that the filter removal performance of the filter 105 a and the main filter unit 106 of the pretreatment filter unit 105 is reduced by use, in the case of the pretreatment filter unit 105, the filter 105 a is removed from the pretreatment filter unit 105. In the case of the main filter unit 106, it is necessary to remove the main filter unit 106 from the second pipe 103 and the third pipe 103 and replace with a new main filter unit 106.

The fan driving unit 107 is provided with an air supply fan 107a that is operated by an electric drive motor 107b. The fan drive unit 107 is provided with a crank unit 108 so that the fan 107a can be driven manually because the power source cannot be used in the event of an emergency and the fan 107a cannot be driven by the electric drive motor 107b. ing.

A method of using such a shelter ventilator is illustrated in FIG. During normal times, as shown in FIG. 10A, the connecting portion 102a of the second pipe 102 and the connecting portion 103b of the third pipe are directly connected, and the fan drive unit is used without using the main filter unit 106. 107 is operated, and the outside air is used for simple air purification using only the pre-processing filter unit 105 and forcibly sending it to the evacuation chamber C. Further, a sealing lid 113 is attached to the connection portions 106a and 106b of the main filter portion 106 to prevent the performance of the filter from being deteriorated, and it is instructed not to remove it except in an emergency.

On the other hand, in the event of an emergency, as shown in FIG. 10B, the sealing lid 113 for preventing the performance of the filter attached to the connection portions 106a and 106b of the main filter portion 106 from being deteriorated is removed, The connecting part 102a of the two pipes 102 is connected to the connecting part 106a of the main filter part 106, the connecting part 103b of the third pipe 103 is connected to the connecting part 106b of the main filter part 106, and the fan driving part 107 is operated. After being processed by the pre-processing filter unit 105, the main filter unit 106 further performs advanced processing to forcibly supply air to the evacuation chamber C.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 10C, the shelter ventilator is connected between the connection portion 102a of the second pipe 102 and the connection portion 103b of the third pipe in a normal use state as shown in FIG. In the emergency use state, the connection part 102a of the second pipe 102 and the connection part 106a of the main filter part 106 are disconnected, and the connection part 103b of the third pipe 103 and the main filter part 106 are disconnected. In some cases, the fan drive unit 105 is operated in a state in which the connection part 106b is disconnected, so that the air in the evacuation chamber C is circulated. However, in the event of an emergency, the connection portions 106a and 106b of the main filter portion 106 must be sealed by attaching a sealing lid 113 for safety.

Here, with reference to FIG. 9, the air flow when the main filter unit 106 in the event of an emergency in the conventional shelter ventilator is used will be described in the shelter as a whole. First, the air is outdoor contaminated outside air. The contaminated outside air is supplied from the intake port 101a of the first pipe 101 to the exhaust port 101b, and then supplied to the pretreatment filter unit 105 of the shelter ventilator connected to the exhaust port 101b. Then, the air is supplied from the pretreatment filter unit 105 to the main filter unit 106 and is supplied from the blowout port 107 c to the retreat chamber C by the fan driving unit 107. At this time, the contaminated outside air is cleaned by the filters of the pre-processing filter unit 105 and the main filter unit 106 and is sent to be pushed into the evacuation chamber C by the fan driving unit 107. The clean air mechanically forced into the evacuation chamber C in this way passes through the through-hole 109 formed in the partition wall I or the evacuation chamber entrance F (not shown in FIG. 9) provided in the partition wall I. When the door (not shown in FIG. 9) is open, it moves to the front chamber B through the opening of the escape chamber entrance / exit F. The clean air mechanically forced from the evacuation chamber C to the front chamber B is exhausted from the intake port 104a of the fourth pipe 104 to the outside through the fourth pipe 104.

  Usually, the above-mentioned ventilation method is classified and known as the second type ventilation method, and is characterized by the phenomenon that the atmospheric pressure in the room to be ventilated rises from the outdoor atmospheric pressure with the air flow by ventilation. . Usually, a shelter for protecting an arbitrary interior from contaminated outside air ensures safety by making the air pressure in the shelter internal space higher than the outdoors using the second type ventilation method.

In FIG. 9, the inside of the shelter is partitioned into a front chamber B and a retreat chamber C, and the clean air supplied from the shelter ventilator is directly supplied to the retreat chamber C, and then includes a pressurized exhaust valve 112. It moves to the front chamber B through the through-hole 109 and is then exhausted to the outside through the fourth pipe 104 connected to the outside. At this time, it can be easily understood that the air pressure is higher in the front chamber B than in the outdoors, and in the retreat chamber C than in the front chamber B. This means that when the doorway provided in the shelter is in the open state or when a person enters or exits it, a part of the shelter A body is damaged due to an impact or vibration caused by an explosion or earthquake, and the airtightness is lost. It can be said that this is a measure that effectively prevents the pollutants contained in the outdoor polluted air from flowing into the shelter A. And setting the front chamber B inside the shelter A as shown in FIG. 9 can use the front chamber B as an air lock chamber, which is a double safety measure for the evacuation chamber C. Furthermore, when a waiting room is provided as an outdoor compartment of the front room B, it can be a triple safety measure.

The case where one shelter ventilator is installed in the evacuation chamber C has been described above, but a plurality of shelter ventilators are used in a large shelter. This is illustrated in FIG. In a large shelter, a plurality of shelter ventilators are often connected and used.

As shown in FIG. 11, a ventilator is installed along the intake air blowing pipe 201 to which the outside air before the altitude processing is supplied, and branch pipes 203-1, 203-2, 203 are connected from the intake air blowing pipe 201. -N branched outside air before advanced processing passes through the pipes 206a-1, 206a-2, 206a-n connected to the branch pipes 203-1, 203-2, 203-n. -1, 204-2, 204-n, advanced processing is performed in the main filter unit, and then fan driving units 205-1 and 205-2 through pipes 206b-1, 206b-2, and 206b-n. , 205-n is supplied as clean air to the air supply pipe 202 to the evacuation chamber. Although not shown, a pre-processing filter unit is provided on the upstream side of the intake air blowing pipe 201, and the main filter unit performs high-level processing on the outside air that has been simply processed by the pre-processing filter unit. .

Even in such a large shelter, it is necessary to remove the main filter unit 204 from the pipes 206a and 206b and replace it with a new main filter unit 204 if a decrease in filter removal performance is confirmed by use.

Also, even in such a large shelter, the power supply cannot be used in an emergency or the like, and the fan may not be driven by the electric drive motor. Therefore, the crank portion 207-can be driven manually so that the fan can be driven. 1, 207-2, 207-n.

The main filter part of the shelter ventilator is designed so that all harmful substances used in radioactive substances, chemical agents, biological agents, etc. can be removed with a high removal rate.

  Therefore, for example, when the outside air is contaminated with radioactive substances, the contaminated outside air is cleaned by the pretreatment filter section of the shelter ventilator installed in the shelter and the filter of the main filter section. Safe air from which radioactive materials have been removed is sent in, and the evacuee can obtain a safe air environment in the shelter.

However, when a shelter ventilator is installed in the evacuation chamber as shown in FIG. 9, radiation emitted from radioactive substances accumulated in the filter of the pretreatment filter section and the main filter section, particularly gamma radiation, can be easily Radiated to the space inside the evacuation chamber through the filter container, etc., and the evacuee is affected by the closer to these filter sections and the longer the stay, the second exposure in the shelter There is sex.

  In addition, in preparation for the loss of power, which is considered to last for a long time, it is considered that ventilation can be done by manually rotating the crank part of the shelter ventilator, but at this time, the manual driver moves to the side of the shelter ventilator. Therefore, it is necessary to approach these filter parts and rotate the crank part for a long time. In other words, there is a possibility of secondary exposure in the shelter.

  Furthermore, even if one ventilator is used in the shelter's evacuation chamber or multiple ventilators are used in a large shelter, the removal performance will be reduced if a decrease in filter removal performance is confirmed by use. It is necessary to remove the filter and the main filter part of the pretreatment filter part and replace with a new main filter part.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, if a shelter ventilator is installed in the evacuation chamber, when performing such replacement work, substances such as radioactive substances adhering to the periphery of the connection part of the filter and the piping, etc. There is a possibility that the inside of the shelter is scattered and the inside of the shelter is contaminated, and in the case where the shelter is contaminated, there is a possibility that the evacuee is subjected to secondary radiation exposure in the shelter or an adverse effect on the body.

Therefore, the shelter ventilator is installed in a room other than the evacuation room, for example, the machine room, and the pretreatment filter part and the main filter part are replaced to prevent the evacuation room from being directly contaminated with radioactive substances. It is possible. However, there is still a possibility of secondary exposure due to radiation radiated from radioactive substances captured in the filter of the pre-processing filter section and the main filter section when performing manual ventilation during a power failure.

As described above, in general shelter ventilators used in each country to remove harmful substances from contaminated outside air in shelters, the purpose of ventilation function and ventilation performance can be sufficiently achieved. However, there are still problems of secondary exposure of evacuees due to radiation in the shelter that occurs during operation and problems that the evacuees are physically adversely affected by secondary contamination due to the diffusion of harmful substances in the shelter. It is required to solve these problems.

The present invention was devised in order to solve these problems, shelter ventilation system of the present invention is a ventilation system for ventilation in the shelter by the preprocessing filter unit and the main filter portion, between the partition In a shelter partitioned into at least a front chamber and a retreat chamber by a wall, provided on the front chamber side and provided on the front chamber side, and provided on the front chamber side and connected to the first piping The main filter portion, the through hole formed in the partition wall, the second pipe connecting the main filter portion and the front chamber side of the through hole, and the electric drive motor provided on the retracting chamber side drive the fan. A fan drive unit, a third pipe that connects the fan drive unit and the escape chamber side of the through hole, and a fan incorporated in the fan drive unit on the escape chamber side when the electric drive motor cannot be used A crank portion for manually driven, characterized in that it consists.

Further, shelter ventilation system of the present invention, preprocessing a filter unit and a ventilation system for ventilation in the shelter by the main filter unit, at least a front chamber and shelter, which is divided into evacuation chamber by between partition walls, the front chamber A first pipe for supplying air from the pretreatment filter unit, a main filter unit provided for the front chamber and connected to the first pipe, and an electric drive motor provided for the front chamber side A fan driving unit for driving the fan, a second pipe connecting the main filter unit and the fan driving unit, a through hole formed in the partition wall, and connecting the fan driving unit and the front chamber side of the through hole When the third pipe and the electric drive motor cannot be used, connect the fan from the fan drive section on the front chamber side to the shaft connection section provided on the retracting chamber side through the partition wall and manually operate the fan. In wherein the crank portion for driving, in that it consists of.

Moreover, the shelter ventilation system of the present invention includes a first metal plate that serves as a partition wall on the front chamber side, a second metal plate that serves as a partition wall on the escape chamber side, and a space between the first metal plate and the second metal plate. A wall unit in which a first metal tube that is a through-hole of the partition wall and a second metal tube that is provided with an air supply port on the first metal plate and an air intake port on the ceiling side is used as the partition wall. It is provided.

In the shelter ventilation system of the present invention, the ventilation system is configured by a partition wall that is divided into a front chamber and a retreat chamber, and a main filter part that needs to be replaced is installed in a front chamber that is not a retreat chamber, The fan drive unit is installed in the evacuation chamber, the outside air is taken in from the first pipe embedded in the partition wall, and the fan of the evacuation chamber is passed through the pretreatment filter portion and the main filter portion of the front chamber, and through holes provided in the partition wall Since it is configured to be sent to the drive unit, for example, the radiation radiated from the radioactive material accumulated in the filter of the pretreatment filter unit and the main filter unit can be effectively used by the concrete constituting the partition wall. Approach the shelter ventilation system side to manually rotate the crank part on the evacuation chamber side when it can be damped and the electric drive motor is not available Also, it is possible to ensure a clean air safer by driving the fan while minimizing the degree of secondary exposure. In addition, when replacing the filter of the pretreatment filter section or the main filter section, the replacement work is carried out in the front chamber, so the evacuation chamber will not be directly contaminated with contaminants, The adverse effects of secondary exposure and other pollutants caused by scattering can be avoided.

Further, the shelter ventilation system of the present invention comprises a ventilation system configured by a partition wall that is divided into a front chamber and a retreat chamber, and a filter for a pretreatment filter unit that needs to be replaced, a main filter unit, and an electric drive motor The fan drive unit that drives the fan is installed in the front chamber that is not the retreat chamber, while the crank portion can be manually driven in the retreat chamber, and outside air is taken in from the first pipe embedded in the partition wall, The main filter unit, the fan drive unit, and the through-hole provided in the partition wall are configured to be fed into the retreat chamber, so that, for example, accumulated in the filter of the pretreatment filter unit and the main filter unit Radiation emitted from radioactive materials can be effectively attenuated by the concrete that forms the partition walls, and electric drive motors cannot be used. Even when approaching the shelter ventilation system side to manually rotate the crank part on the evacuation chamber side, it is possible to drive the fan more safely and ensure clean air while minimizing the degree of secondary exposure it can. In addition, when replacing the filter of the pretreatment filter section or the main filter section, the replacement work is carried out in the front chamber, so the evacuation chamber will not be directly contaminated with contaminants, The adverse effects of secondary exposure and other pollutants caused by scattering can be avoided.

In addition, the shelter ventilation system according to the present invention is configured such that when the ventilation system is configured by the partition wall partitioned into the front chamber and the evacuation chamber, the configuration of the partition wall is configured as a wall unit, so that the ventilation system is firmly connected to the partition wall. In addition to being able to be installed in an integrated state, installation work becomes smooth and costs are reduced. In particular, in a shelter system composed of a shelter outer shell and a shelter inner shell (Patent No. 4072734, etc.), if the wall unit is provided integrally with the shelter inner shell from the beginning, its workability can be significantly improved. it can.

The figure which provided the ventilation system of Example 1 of this invention in the shelter The figure which provided the ventilation system of Example 2 of this invention in the shelter The block diagram of the ventilation system of Example 1 of this invention Figure of the wall unit incorporated in the ventilation system of the present invention Illustration of the ventilation system of Example 1 of the present invention incorporating a wall unit The figure which incorporated the ventilation system of Example 1 of this invention in the shelter which consists of a shelter outer shell and a shelter inner shell Diagram showing the case where the wall unit is installed in the inner shell of the shelter The figure which installed multiple ventilation systems of Example 1 of this invention A diagram showing the installation of a conventional shelter ventilator Diagram showing how to use a conventional ventilator Figure of multiple conventional ventilators installed on a large shelter

The shelter ventilation system of this invention is demonstrated using drawing. FIG. 1 shows a shelter ventilation system of the present invention provided in a shelter. The shelter A is partitioned into a front chamber B and a retreat chamber C by a partition wall I. The shelter ventilation system of the present invention is a ventilation system capable of ventilating the inside of the shelter by the second type ventilation method while making the partition wall I a part of the basic configuration. Therefore, when the shelter ventilator is operating in such a partitioned configuration, the clean air supplied from the shelter ventilator flows in the order of the evacuation chamber C and the front chamber B, and finally the outdoor Is exhausted. As a result, the pressure inside the shelter is highest in the retreat chamber C, and then the front chamber B is high, and the inside of the shelter is always filled with clean air while maintaining a pressure higher than the outdoor pressure.

The shelter ventilation system of the present invention comprises a partition wall 7, a pretreatment filter unit 8, a main filter unit 9, and a fan drive unit 10. The partition wall 7 is provided with an intake port 4a on the ceiling end side and an exhaust port on the front chamber side. The raw air intake pipe 4 provided with 4b is embedded, a through hole 13 is formed separately from the raw air intake pipe 4, and the pretreatment filter portion 8 is connected to the exhaust port 4b of the raw air intake pipe 4, The main filter section 9 is connected to the first pipe 1, the main filter section 9 is connected to the front chamber side through hole 13 and the second pipe 2, and the fan drive section 10 is connected to the escape chamber side through hole 13 and the third pipe. 3 is connected. FIG. 3 shows these components in an exploded state.
FIG. 3A is a state in which the first embodiment is disassembled, and the partition wall is configured as a partition wall in which metal plates are integrally formed in an arbitrary range on both surfaces of the reinforced concrete. FIG.3 (b) has shown the state which comprised the partition wall only with the metal plate. Concrete may be integrally formed on the metal plate.

The pre-processing filter unit 8 includes an explosion-proof valve 16 capable of dealing with a state in which the outside air is blocked, a state in which the outside air is taken in, and a state that can be protected when a blast comes, and dust, dust, and some harmful substances And a filter 8a for removing water. If the filter 8a of the pretreatment filter unit 8 becomes clogged and its removal performance is reduced, it is necessary to remove the filter and replace it with a new filter 8a.
The filter 8a may be separated from the explosion-proof valve 18 and integrated with the main filter portion 9.

The main filter unit 9 has a built-in filter that can sufficiently remove harmful substances. If it is confirmed that the filter removal performance is lowered by use, the main filter unit 9 needs to be removed and replaced with a new main filter unit 9 together. The main filter portion 9 is connected to the connection portion 1a of the first pipe 1 at the intake port 9a, and is connected to the connection portion 2b of the second pipe 2 at the exhaust port 9b. It is possible to replace with a new main filter portion 9 by removing the portion.

The fan drive unit 10 is provided with a fan 10a for performing air supply to the evacuation chamber and an electric drive motor 10b for driving the fan 10a. Since the fan 10a is driven by the electric drive motor 10b, the fan 10a cannot be driven when the power source cannot be used in the shelter.

The crank portion 11 is for manually rotating the fan 10a when power is not supplied in the shelter and the fan 10a cannot be driven. When it is not necessary, it is detached from the fan drive unit 10 and hung on a wall or the like. When used, it is detached from the wall and incorporated in the fan drive unit 10 to manually rotate the fan 10a.

In addition, also in the shelter ventilation system of this invention, the usage method demonstrated in FIG. 10 implemented with the conventional ventilator is employable. The main filter unit 9 directly connects the connection part 1a of the first pipe 1 and the connection part 2b of the second pipe 2 during normal times when the outside air is directly supplied to the fan drive unit 10 to ventilate the inside of the shelter. What is necessary is just to operate the fan drive part 10 in the state which carried out. On the other hand, in the event of an emergency, the sealing lid 18 attached to the intake port 9a and the exhaust port 9b of the main filter portion 9 is removed, and the intake port 9a and the connection portion 1a of the first pipe 1 are connected to the exhaust port 9b and the first outlet. What is necessary is just to operate the fan drive part 10 by connecting the connection part 2b of 2 piping. Further, when it is desired to circulate air inside the shelter without taking outside air into the shelter, the third pipe 3 may be removed and the fan drive unit 10 may be operated.

In the shelter ventilation system of the present invention, the flow of air when the main filter unit 9 is used in the event of an emergency will be described. First, the air is outdoor contaminated outside air, and the contaminated outside air is the raw air intake pipe of the partition wall 7. 4 from the intake port 4a to the inside of the shelter. The contaminated outside air that has been sent is from the exhaust port 4b of the raw air intake pipe 4 to the pretreatment filter section 8, the first pipe 1, the main filter section 9, the second pipe 2, the through hole 13 of the partition wall 7, and the third pipe. 3. It is supplied to the evacuation chamber C via the shelter ventilation system of the fan drive unit 10. In addition, if necessary, the discharge port 10b of the fan drive unit 10 and the processing air supply pipe 5 may be added to supply clean air to an arbitrary position, and may be discharged from the supply port 5a. When passing through this shelter ventilation system, the contaminated outside air is processed into clean air by the filters of the pretreatment filter unit 8 and the main filter unit 9 and is sent to be pushed into the retreat chamber C by the fan drive unit 10. The clean air mechanically forced into the evacuation chamber is provided in the evacuation chamber entrance when the through-hole 13 formed in the partition wall 7 or the door of the evacuation chamber entrance F provided in the partition wall 7 is open. It moves to the front chamber through the opening of F. The clean air mechanically forced from the evacuation chamber C to the front chamber B is exhausted from the intake port 6a of the shelter air exhaust pipe 6 to the outside of the shelter through the shelter air exhaust pipe 6.

Further, a pressurized exhaust valve (or an overpressure exhaust valve, hereinafter referred to as a pressurization) is provided in the through-hole 13 of the partition wall 7 and the intake port 6a of the air exhaust pipe 6 in the shelter to adjust the pressure inside the shelter and prevent backflow. 17 and an explosion-proof valve 16 are provided.

Further, the air volume adjustment unit 15 provided in the pipe is adjusted by the air flow meter 14 provided in the pipe portion on the discharge port side of the fan drive unit 10 that discharges the air to the evacuation chamber C to adjust the air volume. Can do.

In a shelter that employs a conventional shelter ventilator, for example, the evacuees enter these filter sections by radiation emitted from radioactive substances accumulated in the filter of the pretreatment filter section 8 or the main filter section 9, particularly gamma radiation. There was concern that the closer you approached and the longer you stayed, the more likely the evacuees would receive secondary exposure in the shelter. However, in the shelter equipped with the shelter ventilation system of the present invention as described above, concrete The partition wall consisting of can function as a radiation shielding wall sufficient to significantly attenuate radiation, so the need to consider the risk of secondary exposure is extremely small, no matter where in the evacuation room, The manual crank can be operated more safely even during manual crank operation when the power is lost. Since the kill, safety as a shelter can be greatly improved.

In addition, in the shelter ventilation system of the present invention as described above, if a decrease in filter removal performance is confirmed by use, the filter 8a of the pretreatment filter unit 8 and the main filter unit 9 are removed and a new pretreatment filter unit is removed. It is necessary to replace the 8 filter 8a and the main filter portion 9. The replacement of the main filter portion 9 will be described. The connection portion 1a of the first pipe 1 is removed from the intake port 9a, the connection portion 2b of the second pipe 2 is removed from the exhaust port 9b, and the main filter portion 9 is replaced. In the shelter ventilation system of the present invention, such a work is not performed in the evacuation chamber C, but in the compartment B on the leeward side of clean air different from the evacuation chamber C partitioned by the partition wall 7 made of concrete, that is, the front chamber B. Because it will be carried out, contaminants such as radioactive substances adhering to the filter, pipe connection part, etc. can be completely isolated even if scattered in the front chamber B, and the front chamber from the retreat chamber C side with higher atmospheric pressure It is also possible to prevent the inside of the evacuation chamber C from being polluted while gradually reducing the contamination concentration in the front chamber B by discharging the pollutant floating along with the flow of clean air toward the outdoors via B. The possibility of secondary exposure in the shelter can be greatly reduced and secondary contamination can be avoided. This pollution avoidance effect also applies to biological agents and chemical agents used in biochemical weapons, etc., other than radioactive substances.

Next, a second embodiment of the Schulter ventilation system of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 illustrates the configuration of the second embodiment. Although the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the fan driving unit 12 is provided on the front chamber B side. The partition wall 6 is embedded with a raw air intake pipe 4 having an intake port 4 a on the ceiling end side and an exhaust port 4 b on the front chamber side, and a through hole 13 is formed separately from the raw air intake pipe 4. The configuration is exactly the same.

Since the fan drive unit 10 is provided in the front chamber B, the main filter unit 9 and the fan drive unit 10 are connected by the second pipe 2, and the fan drive unit 10 and the through hole 13 of the partition wall 7 are the third. The pipe 3 is connected. The through hole 13 of the partition wall 7 is connected to the processing air supply pipe 5 on the escape chamber side. The description of the parts common to the first embodiment is omitted.

The feature of the second embodiment of the shelter ventilation system of the present invention is that only the manual rotation portion of the crank portion is provided on the escape chamber side. The rotation shaft of the crank portion needs to penetrate the partition wall, and the partition wall 7 is provided with a through hole for the rotation shaft. The front chamber side of the rotation shaft provided in the through hole for the rotation shaft is connected to the fan rotation shaft of the fan drive unit, and the fan is driven by the rotation of the crank unit. As a structure to be connected, a well-known connection structure such as a universal joint or a flexible joint is adopted.

Even in the configuration of the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the partition wall made of concrete can function as a radiation shielding wall sufficient to significantly attenuate the radiation. The need to consider the risk of subsequent exposure is reduced to an infinite extent, and the manual crank can be operated more safely even during manual crank operation when power is lost. Greatly improved. In addition, the filter replacement operation is performed not in the evacuation chamber C but in a clean air leeward compartment other than the evacuation chamber C partitioned by the concrete partition wall 7, that is, the front chamber B. Therefore, contaminants such as radioactive substances adhering to the filter, pipe connection part, etc. can be completely isolated even if scattered in the front chamber B, and the front chamber B from the retreat chamber C side with higher atmospheric pressure. It is possible to prevent the inside of the evacuation chamber C from being polluted with the pollutant while gradually decreasing the contamination concentration in the front chamber B by discharging the pollutant floating along with the flow of clean air toward the outdoors through The possibility of secondary exposure in the shelter can be greatly reduced and secondary contamination can be avoided. This pollution avoidance effect also applies to biological agents and chemical agents used in biochemical weapons, etc., other than radioactive substances.

Next, a third embodiment of the Schulter ventilation system of the present invention will be described. The third embodiment has a configuration in which the configuration of the partition wall is unitized. FIG. 4 illustrates the configuration of the wall unit according to the third embodiment. In the first and second embodiments, the first pipe 1 and the through hole 13 embedded in the partition wall 7 are described as being provided at the time of construction. In the third embodiment, the partition wall 7 of the shelter ventilation system is used. This is a unitized structure that improves workability.

The wall unit 12 includes a first metal plate 12a that serves as the partition wall 7 on the front chamber B side, a second metal plate 12b that serves as the partition wall 7 on the retreat chamber C side, a first metal plate 12a, and a second metal plate 12b. Between the first metal pipe 12c serving as the through-hole 13 of the partition wall 7 and a part of the raw air intake 4 provided with the exhaust port 4b in the first metal plate 12a and the intake port 4a on the ceiling side, The second metal tube 12d is integrated with the second metal tube 12d as shown in FIG. The wall unit 12 is configured as a part of the partition wall 7 that partitions the front chamber B and the evacuation chamber C.

A shelter ventilation system using the wall unit 12 is shown in FIG. The shelter ventilation system illustrated in FIG. 5 is configured using the wall unit 12 in the shelter ventilation system described in the first embodiment. If such a configuration is adopted, when the shelter ventilation system is configured by the partition wall 7 partitioned into the front chamber B and the evacuation chamber C, the configuration of the partition wall 7 is configured as the wall unit 12, thereby shelter ventilation. The system can be installed in a state of being firmly integrated with the partition wall 7, the installation work is smoothed, and the cost is reduced. Since the basic description is the same as that of the first embodiment, it will be omitted. In addition, the structure using the wall unit 12 in Example 2 is also possible. In this case, the rotation shaft through hole may be provided in the wall unit 12 as a third metal tube (not shown). Further, the wall unit 12 may be configured to be provided with a pressurized exhaust valve 17.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the Schulter ventilation system of the present invention will be described. The fourth embodiment is a full-scale construction comprising a shelter outer shell K made of concrete, a shelter inner shell L made of metal formed inside the shelter outer shell K, and a partition wall I formed inside the shelter inner shell L. This is a shelter ventilation system used in the shelter. Such a full-scale shelter is a shelter in which the partition wall I is a load-bearing partition wall made of concrete, and the load-bearing partition wall and the shelter outer shell K are completely separated by a shelter inner shell L, Its configuration is highly protective and a very versatile shelter. The shelter ventilation system of the present invention used in such a shelter is illustrated in FIG.

The shelter illustrated in FIG. 6 is an underground shelter provided under the soil J, and includes a shelter outer shell K made of concrete, and a shelter inner shell L made of metal formed inside the shelter outer shell K. And a partition wall I formed inside the inner shell L of the shelter. A shelter doorway E is provided on the ground, and can be lowered to the front room B by the stairs G. A retreat chamber C is provided across the partition wall I, and the front chamber B and the retreat chamber C are partitioned by the partition wall I. The retreat chamber C is retreated from the front chamber B through the retreat chamber entrance F. Can enter room C. A machine room D is partitioned by a partition wall I in a part of the evacuation chamber C. The escape chamber C is provided with an emergency exit H.

In FIG. 6, the shelter ventilation system of this invention is provided in the partition wall 7 between the front room B and the machine room D which is a part of the evacuation room C, The structure is Example 3 (Example 1 of Example 1). Used in combination with a shelter ventilation system and a wall unit. The preprocessing filter unit 8 and the main filter unit 9 are installed on the front chamber B side of the wall unit 12, and the fan driving unit 10 and the crank unit 11 are installed on the machine room D side. In FIG. 6, the air inlet 1 a of the second metal pipe of the wall unit 12 can be seen.

FIG. 7 shows a construction method when the shelter ventilator of the present invention is applied to a full-scale shelter composed of a shelter outer shell K, a shelter inner shell L, and a partition wall I which is a load-bearing partition wall.

The shelter construction method shown in FIG. 7 includes a shelter outer shell K made of concrete, a shelter inner shell L made of metal formed inside the shelter outer shell K, and a partition formed inside the shelter inner shell L. This is a shelter composed of a wall I. The partition wall I is a load-bearing partition wall made of concrete, and is a shelter construction method in which the load-bearing partition wall and the shelter outer shell K are completely separated by a shelter inner shell L.

In this construction method, (a) first, the floor portion of the shelter outer shell K is formed, and then the shelter inner shell L is installed on the floor portion of the shelter outer shell K, and (b) the shelter outer shell K is then installed. The ready-mixed concrete is poured from the opening of the formwork for forming the load-bearing partition wall inside the inner shell L, and the opening is sealed with the opening sealing lid to form the load-bearing partition wall, and the concrete is poured into the wall of the shelter shell K (C) Next, the construction method of the shelter which forms the ceiling part of the shelter outer shell K by pouring ready-mixed concrete.

In the construction of such a shelter, the wall unit 12 is attached to the strength partitioning wall forming portion of the shelter inner shell L as shown in (a), and (b) the concrete is poured by pouring ready concrete into the strength partitioning wall forming portion. The wall I and the partition wall 6 for the shelter ventilation system are formed, (c) the pre-processing filter unit 8 and the main filter unit 9 are installed on the front chamber B side of the wall unit 12, and the fan driving unit 10 is installed on the retreat chamber C side. By installing the crank part 11, the shelter ventilation system of the present invention can be integrated into a full-fledged shelter.

If the construction method of such a shelter ventilation system is adopted, the workability can be made very efficient. The most remarkable part of the efficiency improvement is the workability improvement effect relating to the first pipe 1 of the shelter ventilation system shown in FIG. Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 9, the shelter ventilator is installed not on the partition wall I but on the wall surface corresponding to the outer wall W of the shelter, so that the first pipe 1 is formed of the shelter outer shell K corresponding to the outer wall W. It will be embedded in the basement wall. However, in the case of the method for forming the shelter body structure shown in FIG. 7, the raw air intake pipe 4 is factory-produced integrally with the shelter inner shell L. The shelter inner shell L in this state is projected on the outside of the section, and it is not easy to install the shelter inner shell L on the floor portion of the shelter outer shell K as shown in FIG. This is because the rebar of the basement wall portion of the shelter shell K formed together with the floor portion of the shelter shell K shown in FIG. This is because it must be implemented. However, if the shelter ventilation system of the present invention is adopted, the raw air intake pipe 4 does not exist at the position of the basement wall portion of the shelter outer shell K, and this contact can be completely avoided. Construction can be performed very efficiently in the order shown in FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, and FIG. 7C, and economic efficiency can also be pursued.

  In the description of the embodiment to the fourth embodiment, the configuration in which the pre-processing filter unit is provided in the front chamber is described. However, the configuration is not necessarily in the front chamber and may be provided in a room different from the front chamber. Absent. In that case, the outside air processed by the pre-processing filter unit provided in another room is supplied to the first pipe provided in the retreat chamber.

FIG. 8 shows a configuration when a plurality of shelter ventilation systems of the present invention are installed. FIG. 8A shows a configuration on the side of the retracting chamber C provided with a plurality of fan drive units and a crank unit, and FIGS. 8B and 8C show a pretreatment filter unit and a plurality of main filter units. The configuration on the anterior chamber B side where is provided is shown. FIG. 8B illustrates a configuration in which a plurality of pretreatment filters are provided in the front chamber B, and FIG. 8C illustrates a configuration in which the pretreatment filters are provided in a room different from the front chamber B. Show. Other than that, there is no difference from the contents described in the first to fourth embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As mentioned above, although the shelter ventilation system of the present invention has been described in the first to fourth embodiments, it is not limited to these configurations, and the outside air taken in from the ceiling portion side of the partition wall is the front chamber side of the partition wall. The system is equipped with at least a pretreatment filter and a main filter, and at least a crank is installed on the partition wall side of the partition wall to greatly increase the safety level of the chamber, and the outside air is contaminated with radioactive substances. Even if the filter is contaminated with radioactive material, high safety can be secured at any position in the evacuation chamber, and when the electric drive motor of the fan drive unit cannot be used, it is possible to ensure the safety when manually driving the crank part. , Ensuring safety when replacing the pretreatment filter and main filter, and increasing the possibility of secondary exposure in the shelter and the degree of exposure And Fight, with the configuration in which it is possible to avoid the possibility of cross-contamination, including the contaminants other than radioactive materials, but may be any configuration.

A Shelter B Front room C Retreat room D Machine room E Shelter doorway F Retreat room doorway G Stairs H Emergency exit I Partition wall J Earth K Shelter shell L Shelter shell H Outer wall 1 First pipe 1a Connection part 2 2 piping 2b connection portion 3 3rd piping 4 raw air intake pipe 4a intake port 4b discharge port 5 processing air supply tube 5a discharge port 6 shelter air exhaust pipe 6a intake port 7 partition wall 8 pretreatment filter unit 8a filter unit 9 main Filter portion 9a Intake port 9b Exhaust port 10 Fan drive unit 10a Fan 10b Electric drive motor 11 Crank unit 12 Wall unit 12a First metal plate 12b Second metal plate 12c First metal tube 12d Second metal tube 13 Through hole 14 15 Air volume adjusting unit 16 Explosion-proof valve 17 Overpressure exhaust valve 18 Sealing lid 101 First pipe 101a Intake port 101b Air outlet 102 Second piping 102a Connection portion 103 Third piping 103b Connection portion 104 Fourth piping 104a Intake port 105 Pre-processing filter unit 105a Filter 106 Main filter unit 106a Inlet port 106b Exhaust port 107 Fan drive unit 107a Fan 107b Electric drive motor 107c Air outlet 108 Crank part 109 Through-hole 110 Air flow meter 111 Air volume adjustment part 112 Pressurization exhaust valve 113 Sealing lid 114 Explosion-proof valve 201 Intake air supply pipe 202 Air supply pipe 203-1, 203-2, 203-n Branch pipe 204- 1, 204-2, 204-n Main filter unit 205-1, 205-2, 205-n Fan drive unit 206a, 206a-1, 206a-2, 206a-n Piping 206b, 206b-1, 206b-2, 206b-n piping 207-1, 07-2,207-n crank portion

Claims (13)

It is a ventilation system that ventilates the shelter by the pretreatment filter part and the main filter part ,
In at least the front chamber and shelter, which is divided into evacuation chamber by between partition walls,
A first pipe provided on the front chamber side for supplying air from the pretreatment filter section;
A main filter portion provided on the front chamber side and connected to the first pipe;
A through hole formed in the partition wall;
A second pipe connecting the main filter part and the front chamber side of the through hole;
A fan drive unit provided on the side of the evacuation chamber and driving the fan with an electric drive motor;
A third pipe connecting the fan drive unit and the escape chamber side of the through hole;
A crank part that is built into the fan drive part on the escape chamber side when the electric drive motor cannot be used and manually drives the fan;
Shelter ventilation system characterized by comprising. It is a ventilation system that ventilates the shelter by the pretreatment filter part and the main filter part ,
In at least the front chamber and shelter, which is divided into evacuation chamber by between partition walls,
A first pipe provided on the front chamber side for supplying air from the pretreatment filter section;
A main filter portion provided on the front chamber side and connected to the first pipe;
A fan drive unit provided on the front chamber side and driving the fan with an electric drive motor;
A second pipe connecting the main filter unit and the fan drive unit;
A through hole formed in the partition wall;
A third pipe connecting the fan drive unit and the front chamber side of the through hole;
When the electric drive motor cannot be used, a crank portion that manually drives the fan by connecting to the shaft connecting portion provided on the retracting chamber side through the partition wall from the fan driving portion on the front chamber side,
Shelter ventilation system characterized by comprising.   The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the partition wall is made of concrete or reinforced concrete.   The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the partition wall is made of a metal plate or a metal plate integrated with concrete.   The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pretreatment filter section is provided on the front chamber side. A first metal plate serving as a partition wall on the front chamber side;
A second metal plate serving as a partition wall on the escape chamber side;
A first metal pipe serving as a through hole of the partition wall between the first metal plate and the second metal plate;
A second metal pipe provided with an air inlet on the first metal plate and provided with an air inlet on the ceiling side;
The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a wall unit in which the two are integrated.   The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air pressure of the evacuation chamber is higher than the air pressure of the front chamber. The shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pressure exhaust valve is provided on a partition wall that divides the front chamber and the evacuation chamber.   The shelter ventilation system according to claim 4, wherein a pressure exhaust valve is provided in the wall unit. A shelter comprising the ventilation system according to claim 1. A shelter comprising the ventilation system according to claim 2. A unit for use in the shelter ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2,
A first metal plate serving as a partition wall on the front chamber side;
A second metal plate serving as a partition wall on the escape chamber side;
A first metal pipe serving as a through hole of the partition wall between the first metal plate and the second metal plate;
A second metal pipe provided with an air inlet on the first metal plate and provided with an air inlet on the ceiling side;
A wall unit characterized by the integration of In the construction of a shelter consisting of a concrete shelter outer shell, a metal shelter inner shell formed inside the shelter outer shell, and a partition wall formed inside the shelter inner shell, a partition wall forming portion of the shelter inner shell A construction method of a shelter ventilation system, characterized in that a wall unit is attached to the construction.

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