JP5281231B2 - 経口投与用液体医薬製剤 - Google Patents
経口投与用液体医薬製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5281231B2 JP5281231B2 JP2006103483A JP2006103483A JP5281231B2 JP 5281231 B2 JP5281231 B2 JP 5281231B2 JP 2006103483 A JP2006103483 A JP 2006103483A JP 2006103483 A JP2006103483 A JP 2006103483A JP 5281231 B2 JP5281231 B2 JP 5281231B2
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- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
すなわち本発明の一つの側面によれば、吐出装置を備えた容器に収容される経口投与用の液体医薬製剤であって、口腔内の舌上またはその周辺に前記吐出装置から非接触的に直接射出されることにより投与される前記液体医薬製剤が提供される。ここで、舌上またはその周辺には、例えば、歯列、歯肉、頬、および口腔底などが含まれ、当該個所に射出して服薬することにより、液体製剤の液滴の気管および肺への流入が防がれ、安全に経口投与をすることができる。好ましくは、本発明の液体医薬製剤は舌上に射出して投与される。
本発明において、抗ヒスタミン薬としては、例えば、塩酸イソチペンジル、塩酸イプロヘプチン、塩酸ジフェテロール、塩酸ジフェニルピラリン、塩酸ジフェンヒドラミン、塩酸トリプロリジン、塩酸トリペレナミン、塩酸トンジルアミン、塩酸フェネタジン、塩酸プロメタジン、サリチル酸ジフェンヒドラミン、ジフェニルジスルホン酸カルビノキサミン、酒石酸アリメマジン、タンニン酸ジフェンヒドラミン、タンニン酸フェネタジン、テオクル酸ジフェニルピラリン、プロメタジンメチレンジサリチル酸塩、マレイン酸カルビノキサミン、dl−マレイン酸クロルフェニラミン、d−マレイン酸クロルフェニラミンおよびリン酸ジフェテロールなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、胃粘膜保護剤としては、例えば、アミノ酢酸、ケイ酸マグネシウム、合成ケイ酸アルミニウム、合成ヒドロタルサイト、酸化マグネシウム、ジヒドロキシアルミニウム・アミノ酢酸塩、水酸化アルミニウムゲル、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲル、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸マグネシウム混合乾燥ゲル、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸水素ナトリウムの共沈生成物、水酸化アルミニウム・炭酸カルシウム・炭酸マグネシウムの共沈生成物、水酸化マグネシウム・硫酸アルミニウムカリウムの共沈生成物、炭酸マグネシウムおよびメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、抗プラスミン薬としては、例えば、トラネキサム酸、アミノカプロン酸などから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、止血薬としては、例えば、トラネキサム酸、カルバゾクロムスルホン酸ナトリウムなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、鎮痛鎮痙剤としては、例えば、アミノ安息香酸エチル、臭化メチルベナクチジウム、臭化ブチルスコポラミン、ロートエキスなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、消化薬としては、例えば、ウルソデスオキシコール酸、脂肪消化酵素、でんぷん消化酵素などから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、止瀉薬としては、例えば、塩酸ロペラミド、タンニン酸アルブミン、次没食子酸ビスマスなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、ビタミン剤としては、例えば、酢酸トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、チアミン、ピリドキシン、シアノコバラミンなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、循環器官用剤としては、例えば、ユビデカレノン、ニンジン、リュウノウなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
本発明において、生薬成分としては、例えば、ジリュウ、サンソウニン、オウヒ、オンジ、カンゾウ、キキョウ、キョウニン、シャゼンシ、シャゼンソウ、セキサン、セネガ、トコン、バイモ、アセンヤク、ウイキョウ、オウゴン、カロニン、ケイヒ、ゴオウ、ゴミン、サイシン、シオン、ジャコウ、シャジン、ショウキョウ、ソウハクヒ、ソヨウ、チクセツニンジン、チンピ、ニンジン、バクモンドウおよびハンゲなどから選択される1種以上が使用されうる。
リン酸ジヒドロコデインおよびグアヤコールスルホン酸カリウム;
リン酸ジヒドロコデイン、グアイフェネシンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン;
リン酸コデイン、dl−塩酸メチルエフェドリンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン;
臭化水素酸デキストロメトルファン、グアイフェネシンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン;
リン酸ジヒドロコデインおよびグアヤコールスルホン酸カリウム;
リン酸ジヒドロコデイン、グアイフェネシンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン;
リン酸コデイン、dl−塩酸メチルエフェドリンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン;ならびに
臭化水素酸デキストロメトルファン、グアイフェネシンおよびマレイン酸クロルフェニラミン。
本発明において使用されうる吐出装置は、一回の吐出量がほぼ一定であり、液体医薬製剤の服用量を計量することができるものが使用される。また、当該吐出装置は、口腔内の舌上またはその周辺に液体医薬製剤を非接触的に直接射出することができる機能を有するものが使用される。上記機能を有する限りにおいては、本発明に使用されうる吐出装置は特に限定されず、いわゆるプッシュポンプ型の吐出装置、およびいわゆるトリガータイプ型の吐出装置などが使用されうる。
本発明の1つの態様において、当該押下ヘッドは、上方付勢状態で押込み可能にステム2を起立したポンプに装着する押下ヘッドであって、ステム2上端部に嵌着させた装着筒8を頂板9下面より垂設するとともに、ステム2内と連通する摺動筒10を頂板9上方へ立設し、且つ、頂板9両側に於いて上下に延びる係止板12を延設してなる装着筒部材3と、上記摺動筒10外周に摺動下降可能に嵌合させたシリンダ16を、周壁14a前部に前端を開口し且つ周囲にスペースをあけて突設した横筒15下面より垂設するとともに、周壁14a内面両側を回動不能且つ上下動可能に上記係止板外面に係合させた本体4と、上記横筒15に嵌着させて先端に噴出口21を開口させた筒状の噴出口部材5と、上記横筒15の後壁15a前面より突設したシール筒18内周に後部外周を摺動可能に嵌合させるとともに、前方付勢状態で噴出口21を閉塞し、且つ、シリンダ内と連通する連絡口19より噴出口21に至る流路を画成してなる弁部材6と、上記横筒後壁15aの窓孔17を介してその後方へ突出した弁部材6後端部に上端を連係させるとともに、下端部を上記頂板9上面に当接係止させ、且つ、装着筒部材に対する本体の押下時に弁部材を後方へ引き出す如く揺動可能に本体に枢着した梃部材7とを備え、ステム2に対する本体の押下抗力がステム自体の押下抗力より小であることを特徴とする構成を有してもよい。これにより、ヘッドの押し下げが容易になるだけでなく、噴出口の開放後に薬液が射出され、口腔内の適切な部位への確実な射出を可能とする。
以下の表2に示す処方に従って、咳止め内服液としての有効成分を含む実施例1〜8の液剤を調製した。表中の数値はgを表す。各処方の全体量はすべて100mLであり、残部として蒸留水を使用した。得られた液剤を吐出装置(SP500LRシャットオフノズル、株式会社吉野工業所より購入)付き容器に充填し、噴射量および噴射時の粒子径を測定した。なお、噴射時の粒子径の測定は、粒度分布測定器 LDSA−2400型(東日コンピューターアプリケーションズ株式会社製)を用い、噴射口から約10cmの距離における粒径分布を測定した。
下記の処方に基づき液体医薬製剤を調製し、プッシュポンプ型吐出装置付きの容器(噴出口の開閉弁付き、SP500LRシャットオフノズル、株式会社吉野工業所より購入)に充填した。
グアヤコールスルホン酸カリウム 2500mg
アスパルテーム 180mg
グリセリン 16g
プロピレングリコール 480mg
カラメル 330mg
カンゾウエキス 150mg
ステビア 170mg
D−ソルビトール 2000mg
安息香酸ナトリウム 140mg
防腐剤 適量
pH調整剤 適量
香料 適量
精製水 残量
合計 100mL
当該製剤を加速試験条件(温度40±1℃、湿度75±5%RH)にて1ヶ月間保存し、保存前と保存後の吐出量を測定し比較した(n=6)。なお、吐出量は1回当たりに吐出される薬液量(g)を測定し、薬液の比重(1.05)から吐出された薬液の体積(mL)を換算した。結果を表3に示す。
Drugs Exp Clin Res JN、vol.18 No.7 p303−309(1992)を参考として以下の試験を行った。非喫煙者の男性健常人の中から3重量%以下のクエン酸水溶液をジェット式ネブライザー(NE−C16、オムロン社製)で吸入したとき10回以上の咳を惹起できる人を選抜し、2群に分け、本試験の被検者とした(各群n=6)。シャットオフノズルを備える吐出装置付き容器に実施例9の処方の液体医薬製剤を充填し、1.5mL(3プッシュ分)を、一方の群の被験者の舌上またはその周辺部分に射出することにより投与した。他方の群の被験者には同様の方法により生理食塩水を投与した。投与から30分後にジェット式ネブライザーを用い、クエン酸水溶液により被験者に咳を惹起させ、その咳の回数をカウントした(45秒間)。結果を図1に示す。実施例9の薬液を投与した群において、咳回数の有意な減少が確認され、舌上およびその周辺部分における液体医薬製剤の射出により望まれる薬効が速やかに(約30分)発現することが確認された。
モルモットHartley系オス(5週齢)を1週間馴化後に試験に使用した。モルモットを2群(n=6)に分け、一方の群には実施例9の薬液を胃ゾンデにより投与し、もう一方を対照群として生理食塩水を投与した。被験物質投与30分後、モルモットをボディーホルダー内にいれ、Kohrogiらの方法「J.Clin.Invest.第82巻、第2063〜2068頁(1988)」に従い、容器の前面から超音波ネブライザーを用いて0.3mol/Lのクエン酸を15分間噴霧し、咳を惹起させた。その15分間のボディーホルダー内の内圧の変化を咳曲線としてレコーダー上に記録し、咳回数をカウントした(15分間)。結果を図2に示す。実施例9の薬液を投与した群において、咳回数の有意な減少が確認され、本発明に係る医薬組成物の生体内での主たる吸収部位が胃以降の消化管であることが確認された。
Claims (16)
- 吐出装置を備えた容器に収容され、口腔内の舌上またはその周辺に前記吐出装置から非接触的に直接射出されることにより経口投与される内服用の液体医薬製剤であって、前記吐出装置が、液体医薬製剤の噴出口を閉塞させるように弾性力で付勢され、液体医薬製剤の吐出時に弾性力に抗して移動することにより当該噴出口を開状態とする、弁部材を備える吐出装置であり、前記吐出装置による1度の射出による射出量が0.1〜2mLであり、粘度が1.76〜5.28cPである、前記液体医薬製剤。
- 水性液体製剤である、請求項1に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 射出時の液滴の粒子径が100〜5500μmである、請求項1〜3に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 有効成分として、鎮咳薬、気管支拡張薬、去痰薬、消炎薬、解熱鎮痛薬、抗ヒスタミン薬、殺菌剤、カフェイン類、胃粘膜保護剤、神経興奮薬、抗プラスミン薬、催眠鎮静薬、血液循環改善薬、止血薬、鎮暈薬、鎮痛鎮痙剤、健胃薬、消化薬、整腸生菌成分、止瀉薬、便秘治療剤、ビタミン剤、滋養強壮薬、循環器官用剤、漢方薬および生薬成分から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 1種以上の矯味剤または甘味剤を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- ソルビトール、カラメル、アスパルテーム、ステビアエキス、カンゾウ、カンゾウエキス、グリシン、キシリトール、エリスリトール、黒砂糖、液糖、果糖、果糖液糖、果糖ブドウ糖液糖、サッカリン、サッカリンナトリウム、白糖、トレハロース、グリセリンから選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 1回の服用量が、0.5〜5mLである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 1日の服用量が、1.5〜18mLである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 1日に2回以上服用する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 吐出装置が、プッシュポンプ型の吐出装置である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 吐出装置が、トリガータイプ型の吐出装置である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 前記吐出装置がポンプを備え、当該ポンプが容器内に垂設したシリンダと、下端部に筒状ピストンを有し上方付勢させて前記シリンダ内から起立させたステムを含んでなり、前記ステムの押し下げにより前記ステム側の上方弁と前記シリンダ側の下方弁との間の内部空間に貯留されている液体の圧力が高まり、前記内容液が当該上方弁を通過して前記ステム上方に設けた吐出部の前記噴出口から吐出され、前記ステムの上昇により前記容器内の液体を前記下方弁を通過して前記シリンダ内に吸い上げるように構成されている、請求項1〜11に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 前記吐出装置が、上方付勢状態で押込み可能に前記ステムを起立したポンプに装着する押下ヘッドを備え、当該押下ヘッドが、前記ステム上端部に嵌着させた装着筒を頂板下面より垂設するとともに、前記ステム内と連通する前記摺動筒を前記頂板上方へ立設してなる装着筒部材と、前記摺動筒外周に摺動下降可能に嵌合させた前記シリンダ上方に、先端に前記噴出口を開口した弁室を備えるとともに、前記装着筒部材に対して押し下げ可能にして設けた本体と、前記弁室内周に後部外周を摺動可能に嵌合させるとともに、前方付勢状態で前記噴出口を閉塞し、且つ、前記シリンダ内と連通する連絡口より前記噴出口に至る流路を画成してなる前記弁部材と、当該弁部材後端部に上端を連係させるとともに、下端部を前記頂板上面に当接係止させ、且つ、前記装着筒部材に対する前記本体の押下時に前記弁部材を後方へ引き出す如く揺動可能に前記本体に枢着した前記梃部材とを備える、請求項1〜12に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 前記押下ヘッドが、前記ステムに対する前記本体の押下抗力が当該ステム自体の押下抗力より小である、請求項13に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 前記押下ヘッドが、前記頂板両側に於いて上下に延びる係止板を延設してなる前記装着筒部材を備える、請求項13または14に記載の液体医薬製剤。
- 容器口頸部と吐出装置の装着キャップの嵌合部が、嵌合部の内側層をなす前記容器口頸部の外周面に外歯を形成した第1のラチェットと、外側層を成す前記装着キャップの内周面に内歯を形成しかつ前記第1のラチェットと歯合する第2のラチェットを備え、前記第1のラチェットと前記第2のラチェットとが、前記容器口頸部と前記装着キャップの螺合をゆるめる方向の回転を防止するように構成されている、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の液体医薬製剤。
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