JP5268144B2 - ナノ粒子/ビニル重合体複合材料 - Google Patents
ナノ粒子/ビニル重合体複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5268144B2 JP5268144B2 JP2008502146A JP2008502146A JP5268144B2 JP 5268144 B2 JP5268144 B2 JP 5268144B2 JP 2008502146 A JP2008502146 A JP 2008502146A JP 2008502146 A JP2008502146 A JP 2008502146A JP 5268144 B2 JP5268144 B2 JP 5268144B2
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- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- nanoparticles
- vinyl polymer
- polymerization
- vinyl
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)CS([O-])(=O)=O SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HJLBIRSYZDPPIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-dodecoxy-1,4-dioxo-1-prop-2-enoxybutane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC=C HJLBIRSYZDPPIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCJYNBLLJHFIIW-MBABXGOBSA-N validoxylamine A Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)C[C@@H]1N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(CO)=C1 YCJYNBLLJHFIIW-MBABXGOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/21—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase
- C08J3/212—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase and solid additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/18—Suspension polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/2053—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the additives only being premixed with a liquid phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
本発明は、ナノ粒子/ビニル重合体複合材料の水性分散体に関する。
ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の水性分散体を製造するいくつかの示唆がある。1つのアプローチでは、このような分散体は、「冷ブレンド」され、すなわち、それらは別々に調製したナノ粒子の水性分散体とビニル重合体および他の重合体の水性分散体とを混合することにより、製造される(例えば、特許文献1および特許文献2)。別のアプローチでは、このビニル重合体は、ナノ粒子の存在下にて、乳化重合により、形成される(特許文献3および特許文献4)。非水性重合体ナノ複合材料もまた、公知である(特許文献5、特許文献6および特許文献7)。
ここで、ナノ粒子/ビニル重合体複合材料(すなわち、ナノ粒子および少なくとも1種のビニル重合体の両方を含有する複合材料粒子)の水性分散体は、そのバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊(すなわち、バルク重合または溶液重合によりこの重合体が形成される反応塊)の形態で、ナノ粒子と重合体とを混ぜ合わせることにより、製造される。
本発明によれば、ビニル重合体/ナノ粒子複合材料(すなわち、ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の両方を含有する粒子)の水性分散体は、これらのナノ粒子と重合体とをそのバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊(すなわち、バルク重合または溶液重合により重合体を形成するのに使用される反応塊)の形態で混ぜ合わせることにより、調製される。
特に明記しない限り、以下の用語は、以下の意味を有する:
「水性」および「水性媒体」とは、相当量の水を含有する組成物を意味する。それらは、他の成分もまた含有し得る。
本発明のビニル重合体は、エチレン性不飽和モノマーの鎖伸長重合により形成できる任意の重合体である。このようなモノマーの例には、以下が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない:
(i)遊離ラジカル重合可能モノマー
本発明のビニル重合体を形成する際に有用な遊離ラジカル重合可能モノマーの例には、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、不飽和ニトリル、スチレン性モノマー、ビニルエステル、ビニルエーテル、共役ジエン、オレフィン、ハロゲン化アリルおよび他のモノマー、ならびにそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明のビニル重合体を調製する際に有用なモノマーの別の群は、極性モノマー(例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシアルキル、(メタ)アクリルアミドおよび置換(メタ)アクリルアミド、スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムおよびビニルスルホン酸ナトリウム、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニルカプロラクタム、(メタ)アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸4−ヒドロキシブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸(4−ヒドロキシメチルシクロヘキシル)−メチル、アクロレイン、ジアセトン(メタ)アクリルアミド、1−(2−((2−ヒドロキシ−3−(2−プロペニルオキシ)プロピル)アミノ)エチル)−2−イミダゾリジノン、N−メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、フタル酸ジアリル、Sipomer(登録商標)WAMおよびWAM II(Rhodia製)、(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、およびジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミドが挙げられる。極性モノマーの混合物もまた、使用され得る。重合された極性モノマーは、典型的には、本発明のビニル重合体の約50wt.%以下、さらに典型的には、約40wt.%、30wt.%、20wt.%、10wt.%または5wt.%以下を構成し得る。それらは、使用するとき、通常、約1wt.%またはそれ以上、さらに典型的には、約2wt.%、3wt.%、4wt.%、6wt.%、8wt.%または10wt.%またはそれ以上で、存在している。
ビニル重合体は、一般に、疎水性であり、水分散性ではない。従って、本発明の1実施態様によれば、この重合体の分散を助けて、それにより、そのように製造される分散体の安定性を高めるために、水分散性向上化合物(すなわち、モノマー、鎖伸長剤、開始剤)は、少なくとも1個の親水性、イオン性または潜在的にイオン性の基を有する。典型的には、これは、その重合体鎖に、少なくとも1個の親水性基または(例えば、中和または脱ブロックのような化学変性により)親水性にできる基を持つ化合物を取り込むことにより、なされる。これらの化合物は、非イオン性、アニオン性、カチオン性または両性あるいはそれらの組み合わせであり得る。
少なくとも1個の架橋可能官能基を有する化合物もまた、もし望ましいなら、本発明のビニル重合体に取り込むことができる。このような化合物の例には、N−メチロールアクリルアミド(NMA)、ジアセトンアクリルアミド(DAAM)、メタクリル酸アセトアセトキシエチル(AAEM)、エポキシ含有化合物、−OH含有化合物、−COOH含有化合物、イソシアネート含有化合物(TMI)、メルカプタン含有化合物、オレフィン性不飽和を含有する化合物などが挙げられる。混合物もまた、使用できる。
使用される反応条件下にて遊離ラジカルを発生できる任意の化合物は、本発明のビニル重合体形成のための触媒として、使用できる。このことに関して、「Initiators」、Vol.13,pp.355−373,Kirk−Othmer,Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,(c) 1981,John Wiley & Sons,New York.(その開示内容は、本明細書中で参考として援用されている)を参照のこと。アニオン、カチオンおよび配位重合触媒だけでなく、種々のエネルギー源(例えば、UV、EB、IR、X線)もまた、使用できる。
本発明の分散体を調製する際に、任意の種類のナノ粒子が使用できる。例えば、金属酸化物、金属水酸化物、金属塩、クラスター、ナノ要素(例えば、ナノ金属およびそれらの合金)、重合体、ワックスなどが使用できる。具体例には、シリカ、アルミナ、セリア、酸化亜鉛、酸化銅、酸化鉄、酸化ニッケル、酸化マンガン、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化スズ、チタニア、酸化タングステン、イットリア、ジルコニア、錯体酸化物(例えば、亜鉛フェライト、マグネシウムフェライト、ケイ酸アルミニウムおよび炭酸バリウム、種々の金属炭化物(例えば、炭化チタン)、金属水酸化物(例えば、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マンガンおよび水酸化セリウム)、天然に存在している物質(例えば、粘土およびタルク)だけでなく、有機研磨材(例えば、ポリスチレン、尿素−ホルムアルデヒドおよびラテックス粒子)が挙げられる。これらのナノ粒子の混合物もまた、使用できる。シリカ、アルミナ、粘土およびタルク、ならびにそれらの混合物は、最もしばしば使用される。個々の粒子が2種またはそれ以上の成分から構成される複合材料ナノ粒子もまた、使用できる。例には、コア−シェル、複数のコア−シェルおよび他の構造が挙げられる。ナノ粒子を調製し処理するいくつかの方法は、米国特許第5,460,701号;第5,514,349号;第5,874,684号;第5,993,967号;第6,033,781号;および第6,669,823号で記載されている。
本発明によれば、ビニル重合体/ナノ粒子複合材料(すなわち、ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の両方を含有する粒子)の水性分散体は、(すなわち、バルク重合または溶液重合によりこの重合体が形成される反応塊)の形態で、ナノ粒子と重合体とを混ぜ合わせることにより、調製される。言い換えれば、本発明の水性分散体の重合体を形成するために、先行技術で使用された乳化重合技術ではなく、バルク重合または溶液重合技術が使用される。
本発明の1実施態様では、これらのナノ粒子は、その反応塊を水性媒体に分散する前に、このビニル重合体のバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊と混ぜ合わされる。
これらのナノ粒子と重合体反応塊との混ぜ合わせは、いずれの様式でも行うことができる。例えば、これらのナノ粒子は、それらを混ぜ合わせてバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊を形成する前に、この重合体を形成する1種またはそれ以上の成分(例えば、遊離ラジカル重合可能モノマー、極性モノマーおよび/または水分散性向上モノマー)と混ぜ合わせることができる。あるいは、これらのナノ粒子は、そのバルク重合または溶液重合反応中のいずれかの時点で、バルク重合または溶液重合反応塊と混ぜ合わせることができる。これらのナノ粒子はまた、もし望ましいなら、重合が実質的または完全に完結した後に、このバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊と混ぜ合わせることができる。使用される特定の手順とは関係なく、これらのナノ粒子は、このバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊およびナノ粒子のブレンドまたは混合物(好ましくは、混合物)が水に分散される前に形成されるように、この反応塊と混ぜ合わされるべきである。
一旦、これらのナノ粒子がバルク重合または溶液重合反応塊と混ぜ合わされると、そのように形成された混合物は、水性媒体に分散されて、この混合物の分散体を形成する。これは、バルク重合または溶液重合により製造された他のビニル重合体が水に分散されるのに同じ様式で、任意の通常の技術により、行うことができる。通常、これは、このナノ粒子/重合体ブレンドと水性媒体とを混合しながら混ぜ合わせることにより、行われる。もし望ましいなら、溶液重合に使用される溶媒はまた、この分散工程の前または後に、部分的または完全に除去できる。
このナノ粒子/ビニル重合体反応塊が、重合が完結する前に、水性媒体に分散される場合、重合の完結は、水に分散されたエチレン性不飽和モノマーの重合を達成する任意の技術により、行うことができ、これらの技術は、当該技術分野で周知である。例えば、Lovell and Aaser,Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polvmers.J.Wiley & Sons(1997)(これは、当業者に周知の遊離ラジカル重合方法を記載している)を参照のこと。追加モノマーもまた、公知技術に従って、任意の時点、すなわち、分散後に加えられ得る。
本発明の別の実施態様では、このビニル重合体バルク重合または溶液重合反応塊は、ナノ粒子の予め形成された水性分散体に分散される。このようにして生成される生成物であるビニル重合体/ナノ粒子分散体は、少なくともいくつかの別個に分散されたナノ粒子(すなわち、ビニル重合体を事実上含まない分散された粒子)を含有し得るものの、それらは、それにもかかわらず、本発明によるビニル重合体/ナノ粒子複合材料粒子を相当な濃度で含有する。
(i)水分散性向上化合物
本発明の特定の実施態様では、この重合体が乳化剤(界面活性剤)を加えることなく安定な分散体を形成するのに十分な水分散性向上化合物を含有する場合、本発明のビニル重合体/ナノ粒子水性分散体は、このような乳化剤(界面活性剤)なしで、製造できる。すなわち、この分散体は、実質的に界面活性剤を含まずに調合される。それに加えて、それはまた、もし望ましいなら、実質的に合着剤も含まずに調合される。このアプローチの長所は、多大である。
このビニル重合体がペンダントカルボン酸または他の酸基を生成する水分散性向上化合物を含有する場合、これらの基は、そのプレポリマーの水分散性を高めるために、カルボキシレートまたは他のアニオンに変換できる。
(i)その他のポリマーおよびポリマー分散物とのブレンド
本発明の分散物は、当業者に周知の方法によって市販のポリマーおよびポリマー分散物と組み合わされ得る。このようなポリマーおよび分散物は、WIPO公報WO02/02657A2、米国特許第4,920,176号、米国特許第4,292,420号、米国特許第6,020,438号、米国特許第6,017,997号およびD.P.TateおよびT.W.Betheaによる総説論文、Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering、第2巻、537頁に記載されているものを含み、これらの開示は、参考として本明細書中に援用される。
本発明の水性分散物はまた、その他のポリマーとのポリウレタンのハイブリッドを形成するためのシードポリマーとして用いられ得る。これは、上記に記載の 様式でナノ粒子/ポリウレタンコンポジットの水性分散物を形成すること、そして次に、これらの分散物の存在下でエマルジョンまたは懸濁重合によってさらなるモノマーを重合することによって行われ得、すなわち、本発明の分散物は、重合が終了する前にさらなるモノマーと混合される。ポリウレタンおよびアクリルのハイブリッドは、このアプローチによって有利に作製され得る。
本発明のポリウレタンプレポリマーおよび最終的なポリウレタン産物は、可塑剤の存在下で調製され得る。この可塑剤は、プレポリマー調製または分散の間の任意の時間に、またはポリウレタンにその製造の間またはその製造後に添加され得る。当該技術分野で周知の可塑剤が、特定のポリウレタンとの適合性、および最終組成物の所望の性質のようなパラメーターに従って、本発明における使用のために選択され得る。
当業者に周知のその他の添加物が、本発明の分散物の調製を支援するために用いられ得る。このような添加物は、安定化剤、消泡剤、抗酸化剤(例えば、IrganoxTM 1010)、UV吸収剤、カルボジイミド、アクティベーター、硬化剤、カルボジイミドのような安定化剤、着色剤、色素、中和剤、シックナー、非反応性および反応性可塑剤、ジ(プロピレングリコール)メチルエーテル(DPM)のような融合剤、ワックス、スリップおよび離型剤、抗微生物剤、PluronicTMF68−LFおよびIGEPALTMCO630およびシリコーン界面活性剤のような界面活性剤、金属、合体剤、塩、難燃剤添加物、抗オゾン剤などを含む。これらは、当業者に周知であるように、本発明の分散物の処理の前および/またはその間に必要に応じて適切に添加され得る。添加物はまた、物品を作製するため、またはその他の産物を処理するために適切に 用いられ得る(例えば、含浸、飽和、噴霧、被覆などによる)。本発明の分散物は、代表的には、少なくとも約20重量%、好ましくは少なくとも約25重量%そしてより好ましくは少なくとも約30重量%の総固形分を有する。
ナノ粒子は、重合体にいくつかの有用な特性を与えることができ、これらには、摩耗、傷および引っかき傷耐性、障壁特性、自己洗浄特性、難燃性、薬品および汚れ耐性、高い引張り強度、触媒、殺菌、磁気、光学および電気特性、UV安定性、UVブロッキングなどが挙げられる。
全固形分30%、pH9.2、
ブルックフィールド粘度360cP、
粒径110nm(PDI=1.5)。
1.Bookfield粘度。Bookfield粘度試験は、Bookfield RV粘度計およびスピンドル#3〜#6(粘度に依存して)を用い、20rpmおよび約77゜Fで行った。
2.粒子サイズ測定。分散物の粒子サイズおよびサイズ分布は、Submicron Particle Sizer AutodilutePAT Model 370(NICOMP Particle Sizing Systems)によって、ガウス分布をもつ強度平均を用いて得られた。
3.固形分含量。総固形分は、Moisture/Solids Analyzer LabWare9000TM(CEM Corporation)によって測定された。
4.pH測定。pH読み取り、Acumet Basic pH Meter(Fisher Scientific)を用いて行った。
Claims (11)
- ナノ粒子/ビニル重合体複合材料の水性分散体を製造する方法であって、該方法は、以下の工程を包含する:
(a)ナノ粒子と該ビニル重合体を形成するモノマーとを混ぜ合わせる工程、
(b)バルク重合または溶液重合により、反応塊におけるモノマーのポリマーへの変換が少なくとも20%完結するまで、該ビニル重合体を形成するモノマーの重合を開始する工程、および
(c)工程aおよびbの後に、該反応塊を水性媒体中に分散させる工程、
ここで、該ナノ粒子が、250nm未満の光散乱強度測定による平均粒径を有する、方法。 - ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の混合物が、引き続いてさらに重合されてビニル重合体を形成する成分に該ナノ粒子をさらに加えることにより、製造される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の混合物が、前記ビニル重合体が少なくとも85%重合した後に、該ナノ粒子を該ビニル重合体にさらに加えることにより、製造される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子およびビニル重合体の混合物が、前記重合体を形成するモノマーの重合が少なくとも50%完結した後に、水性媒体に分散され、前記方法が、さらに、該水性媒体中にて重合を完結させる工程を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 追加エチレン性不飽和モノマーが、前記分散体に加えられる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記重合体が、該重合体が実質的に界面活性剤の非存在下にて安定な水分散体を形成するように、十分な水分散性向上化合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水分散性向上化合物が、カルボン酸基あるいはそれらのアルカリ金属塩、アミン塩またはアンモニウム塩を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記水分散性向上化合物が、1個〜6個の炭素原子を含有するアルキレンオキシド基を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、シリカ、アルミナ、セリア、酸化亜鉛、粘土、またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、該ナノ粒子および前記重合体を合わせた重量に基づいて、0.05〜30重量パーセントで存在している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記ビニル重合体およびナノ粒子を水に分散させる工程、その後、1種またはそれ以上の追加モノマーを重合体および水の該分散体の存在下で重合させる工程を包含する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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US8190722B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2012-05-29 | Randy Oyadomari | Synchronization of timestamps to compensate for communication latency between devices |
-
2006
- 2006-03-16 JP JP2008502146A patent/JP5268144B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-16 CA CA2599679A patent/CA2599679C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-16 WO PCT/US2006/010079 patent/WO2006099630A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-16 EP EP06739031A patent/EP1858964B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-16 US US11/816,217 patent/US8722764B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-16 CN CN2006800085821A patent/CN101142263B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
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EP1858964A1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
CA2599679C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
EP1858964B1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
WO2006099630A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
US20080153975A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CN101142263B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
JP2008533288A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
US8722764B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
CN101142263A (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
CA2599679A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
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