JP5232347B2 - 血液活性組成物ならびにそれらの製造および使用のための方法 - Google Patents
血液活性組成物ならびにそれらの製造および使用のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1.発明の分野)
本発明は、該して、生体適合性ポリマー組成物ならびにそれらの生成および使用のための方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、止血の促進および生物活性物質の送達のための組成物に関する。
生分解性の注入可能な薬物送達ポリマーは、米国特許第5,384,333号およびJeongら(1997)「Nature」388:860−862によって記載される。制御された放出性薬物送達のための生分解性ヒドロゲルは、米国特許第4,925,677号に記載される。吸収可能なコラーゲンベースの薬物送達系は、米国特許第4,347,234号および同第4,291,013号に記載される。薬物送達のためのアミノ多糖ベースの生体適合性フィルムは、米国特許第5,300,494号および同第4,946,870号に記載される。タキソールの送達のための水溶性キャリアは、米国特許第5,648,506号に記載される。
本発明に従って、血液活性物質は、乾燥した架橋された生物学的適合性ポリマー、および架橋されてない生物学的適合性ポリマーを含み、この架橋された生物学的適合性ポリマーは、血液に曝された場合にヒドロゲルを形成し、そして架橋されてない生物学的適合性ポリマーは、血液に曝された場合に可溶化する。架橋されたポリマーは、架橋されてないポリマーの乾燥したマトリクス中に分散され、そしてこの物質は、外科的部位、創傷、および出血しているか、そうでなければ血液が存在する組織中の他の標的領域に送達される。「血液活性(な)」とは、この組成物が、血液に曝された場合に血液とある方法で相互作用することを意味する。最小限で、この架橋されてない生物学的ポリマーは、血液の存在下で溶解性であり、そして架橋された生物学的適合性ポリマーを放出し、その結果、水和し得、血液から水分を吸収してゲルを形成する。従って、架橋されてない生物学的適合性ポリマーは、使用の前に所望の形態で架橋されたポリマーを維持するバインダーを形成する。通常、この組成物は、シート状の形態であり、代表的には、1mm〜25mm、好ましくは、2mm〜15mmの範囲の厚さを有する。あるいは、この物質は、粉末状、ペレット状、大きなブロック状、プラグ状、円筒状、チューブ状、スプリットチューブ状または組織部位を標的するために都合よく送達または配置され得る他の形態に形成され得る。さらに、「血液活性」物質は、所望の生物活性を提供し得る他の生物活性因子を含み得る。特定の目的のために、この血液活性物質は、血液凝固因子(例えば、トロンビン)のような止血因子を含み得、この血液凝固因子は、物質の止血活性を促進する。広範な種々の他の生物活性因子が送達され得、これらの試薬には、以下が挙げられる:他のタンパク質、炭水化物、核酸、無機生物学的および有機生物学的活性分子(例えば、酵素、酵素インヒビター、抗生物質、抗腫瘍剤、静菌剤、殺菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、麻酔剤、抗炎症剤、ホルモン、抗脈管形成剤、抗体、神経伝達物質など)。さらなる成分が、この特性または物質の有効期間を増強または改変するために、組成物(例えば、緩衝剤、抗酸化剤、保存剤、粘性調節剤、可溶性調節剤など)中に提供される。好ましくは、この物質は、無菌パッケージの中で滅菌され、かつ維持される。従来の滅菌方法としては、γ−照射、エチレンオキシドへの曝露、電子ビーム照射、無菌処理などが挙げられる。
(実施例1.非架橋ゼラチン粉末の生成のための材料および方法)
ウシ真皮(Spears Co.PA)を水酸化ナトリウム(Spectrum Chemical Co.,CA)水溶液(0.1M〜1.5M、好ましくは0.4M〜1.2M)中で1〜18時間(好ましくは1〜4時間)、2℃〜30℃(好ましくは22℃〜30℃)の温度で攪拌した。次いで、この真皮スラリーを無機酸(例えば、塩酸、リン酸または硫酸(Spectrum Chemical Co.,CA)を使用して中和し、次いでこの中和された液相を不溶性の真皮からふるいを通して濾過することにより分離した。次いでこの真皮を、非発熱性水およびアルコール(例えば、イソプロピルアルコール(Spectrum Chemical Co.,CA))で洗浄した。3〜12回洗浄した後、この真皮を非発熱性水中に懸濁し、次いで真皮/水スラリーを50〜90℃(好ましくは60℃〜80℃)に加熱して、真皮を熱的にゼラチン化した。ゼラチン化サイクルの間、真皮/水スラリーのpHを調節し、そしてpH3〜pH11(好ましくはpH6〜pH9)に制御した。また、このスラリー中の不溶性真皮を、攪拌および/または均質化により崩壊させ得る。崩壊は、熱的ゼラチン化サイクルの前、間、または後に起こり得る。熱的ゼラチン化は、1〜6時間実行した。ゼラチン化の後、このスラリーを清澄化した。このゼラチン化スラリーを、15℃〜40℃(好ましくは20℃〜35℃)で乾燥することにより、脱水した。次いで乾燥ゼラチン(ここで乾燥は、20%重量%未満の水分含有量を示す)を、粉砕することにより崩壊させた。
非架橋ゼラチン粉末を、ウシ真皮(Spears Co.,PA)から実施例1のように生成した。このゼラチンの一部を使用して、このゼラチン粉末を2.0固体重量%〜4.0固体重量%で、7と10との間のpHで0.0025重量%〜0.075重量%のグルタルアルデヒドを含有する水溶液中に、18〜24時間、5℃〜15℃で懸濁させることにより、約0,02mm〜1.5mmの直径の架橋ゼラチン粒子を作製した。この固体を、沈降分離または濾過により懸濁緩衝液から分離し、水でリンスし、そして0.00833重量%〜0.0667重量%のホウ水素化ナトリウムの溶液に、7と12との間のpH(好ましくは7〜9)で再懸濁させた。1〜6時間後、得られた架橋されたゼラチン粒子を、濾過または沈降分離により水相から分離し、水でリンスし、そして周囲温度で乾燥した。
ヘパリンを、飼育グレード(farm grade)のHampshire/Yorkshire交配ブタ(Pork Power Farms, Turlock, CA)に静脈内投与して、この動物の活性化凝固時間(ACT)をベースライン値の約3〜5倍まで長くした。凍結乾燥された複合材物質の止血有効性を試験するために、浅い円形のディボート(divot)(直径約1cm)をこのブタの脾臓上に外科的に形成した。生じた損傷は、大量に出血した。一片の凍結乾燥された複合材物質(実施例2のように調製された、約2.0cm×3.0cmのサイズ)を、損傷に適用して2分間圧迫した。圧迫を取り除いた後、出血は観察されなかった。3分後、いくらかの再出血が完全に物質と接触していない領域で起こった。さらなる物質を適用して1分間圧迫した。圧迫を取り除いた後、出血は観察されなかった。この損傷は、凝固した血液と適用された複合材物質との混合物でシールされたようであった。
凍結乾燥された複合材物質の止血有効性を試験するために、浅いディボート(約1cm×1cm)を、飼育グレードのHampshire/Yorkshire交配ブタ(Pork Power Farms, Turlock,CA)の肝臓上に外科的に形成した。生じた損傷は大量に出血した。2cm×3cmの一片の凍結乾燥された複合材物質(実施例2のように調製された)を、損傷に適用して1分間圧迫した。圧迫を取り除いた後、出血は観察されなかった。この損傷は、凝固した血液と適用された複合材物質との混合物でシールされたようであった。
ヘパリンを、飼育グレードのHampshire/Yorkshire交配ブタ(Pork Power Farms, Turlock, CA)に静脈内投与して、この動物の活性化凝固時間(ACT)をベースライン値の約3〜5倍まで長くした。凍結乾燥された複合材物質の止血有効性を試験するために、浅いディボート(約1cm×1cm)を、肝臓上に外科的に作製した。生じた損傷は大量に出血した。2cm×3cmの一片の凍結乾燥された複合材物質(実施例2のように調製された)を、損傷に適用して1分間圧迫した。圧迫を取り除いた後、この損傷からの出血は観察されなかった。この損傷は、凝固した血液と適用された複合材物質との混合物でシールされたようであった。
凍結乾燥された複合材物質のシートを、実施例2のように生成し、Chex−All袋(Propper,Long Island City, NY)内に密封し、そして25〜40kGy(2.5〜4.0MRad)(典型的な滅菌線量)で周囲温度でγ−照射に供した(Stergenics,Hayward,CA)。
ヘパリンを、飼育グレードのブタに静脈内投与して、動物の活性化凝固時間(ACT)をベースライン値の約3〜5倍まで長くした。実施例6で生成された物質の止血有効性を試験するために、浅い溝(約2cm×0.5cm)を、ブタの肝臓上に外科的に作製した。生じた損傷は、大量に出血した。実施例6で生成された3cm×0.5cmの一片の物質を、損傷に適用し、2分間圧迫した。圧迫を取り除いた後、出血は観察されなかった。損傷は、凝固した血液と適用された複合材物質の混合物でシールされたようであった。適用の20分後、過剰の物質を、ピンセットでこの部位から取り除いた。これはシールを妨害せず、そしてその後の出血は観察されなかった。
ヘパリンを、飼育グレードのブタに静脈内投与して、動物の活性化凝固時間(ACT)をベースライン値の約3〜5倍まで長くした。孔(直径1.0cm)を、実施例6で生成された物質の止血有効性を試験するために、肝臓を完全に通して外科的に作製した。生じた損傷は、大量に出血した。実施例6で生成された物質の帯状片(約0.5cm×3.0cmのサイズ)をガーゼとして畳んで損傷に配置し、約2分間圧迫しながら適所に保持した。圧迫を取り除いた後、出血は観察されなかった。生理食塩水で洗浄した後、さらなる出血は観察されなかった。損傷は、凝固した血液と適用された複合材物質の混合物でシールされたようであった。
Claims (28)
- 出血を阻害するための乾燥血液活性物質であって、以下:
血液に曝される場合にヒドロゲルを形成する、架橋された生物学的に適合可能なポリマー;および
血液に曝される場合に可溶化する、架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマー、を含み、ここで、該架橋されたポリマーは、該架橋されていないポリマーの乾燥マトリックス中に分散され、
ここで、該架橋された生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、タンパク質、炭水化物、非生物性ヒドロゲル形成ポリマー、非生物性ヒドロゲル形成コポリマー、およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択され、
該架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、タンパク質および炭水化物からなる群より選択される、乾燥血液活性物質。
- 出血を阻害するための乾燥血液活性物質であって、以下:
乾燥ゼラチンマトリックスを含有する架橋されていないポリマー;および
該乾燥した架橋されていないゼラチンマトリックス中に分散される、乾燥した架橋されたゼラチンポリマー粒子、
を含む、乾燥血液活性物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、少なくとも1日の分解時間を有する、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されていないポリマーは、血液に曝される場合、15分以下で可溶化する、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、該ポリマーが、血液における水和の際に、0.01mm〜5mmの範囲のサブユニット寸法でゲルを形成するように断片化される、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、400%〜5,000%の範囲で平衡スウェルを有する、請求項5に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、前記物質の50重量%〜95重量%で存在し、そして前記架橋されていない物質は、該物質の50重量%〜1重量%で存在する、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記物質の1重量%〜20重量%で存在する可塑剤をさらに含み、該可塑剤は、ポリエチレングリコール、ソルビトールおよびグリセロールからなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載の物質。
- 前記可塑剤は、少なくとも前記架橋されていないポリマー中に存在し、該可塑剤は、ポリエチレングリコール、ソルビトールおよびグリセロールからなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載の物質。
- 前記可塑剤は、ポリエチレングリコールである、請求項8または9に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、アルブミン、ヘモグロビン、フィブリノゲン、フィブリン、フィブロネクチン、エラスチン、ケラチン、ラミニン、およびカゼインからなる群より選択されるタンパク質である、請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、グリコサミノグリカン、デンプン、セルロース、へミセルロース、キシラン、アガロース、アルギナート、およびキトサンからなる群より選択される炭水化物または炭水化物誘導体である、請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されたポリマーは、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルポリマー、ポリラクチド−グリコリド、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリオキシエチレン、およびそのコポリマーからなる群より選択される、非生物性ヒドロゲル形成ポリマーまたはコポリマーである、請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、アルブミン、エラスチンおよびケラチンからなる群より選択されるタンパク質である、請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、グリコサミノグリカン、アルギナート、デンプン、セルロース、およびその誘導体からなる群より選択される炭水化物または炭水化物誘導体である、請求項1に記載の物質。
- 活性因子をさらに含み、該活性因子は、抗生物質、抗腫瘍薬、静菌剤、殺菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、麻酔薬、抗炎症剤、ホルモン、抗脈管形成剤、抗体、酵素、酵素インヒビター、止血物質および神経伝達物質からなる群より選択される、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記活性因子は、少なくとも前記架橋されていないポリマー中に存在する、請求項16に記載の物質。
- 前記活性因子は、少なくとも前記架橋されたポリマー中に存在する、請求項16に記載の物質。
- 前記活性因子は、前記架橋されていないポリマーおよび前記架橋されたポリマーの両方に存在する、請求項16に記載の物質。
- 前記活性因子は、止血物質である、請求項16に記載の物質。
- 前記止血物質は、凝固因子である、請求項20に記載の物質。
- 前記凝固因子は、トロンビンである、請求項21に記載の物質。
- 1mm〜25mmの範囲の厚さを有するシートの形態である、請求項1または2に記載の物質。
- 前記シートは、無菌パックで包まれる、請求項23に記載の物質。
- キットであって、以下:
無菌パック;
該無菌パックで包まれた、請求項23に記載の物質の無菌シート;および
物質の該無菌シートを出血している組織を覆って配置することによって出血を阻害するための方法を記載する、使用説明書、
を含む、キット。
- 出血を阻害するための物質であって、創傷部位に適用するのに適した請求項20に記載の物質を含む、物質。
- 患者に活性因子を送達するための物質であって、該患者の血液に曝すのに適した請求項16に記載の物質を含み、該活性因子は、抗生物質、抗腫瘍薬、静菌剤、殺菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、麻酔薬、抗炎症剤、ホルモン、抗脈管形成剤、抗体、酵素、酵素インヒビター、止血物質および神経伝達物質からなる群より選択される、物質。
- 出血を阻害するための血液活性物質を作製するための方法であって、該方法は、以下の工程:
血液に曝される場合に可溶化する、架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマーを水性媒体中に溶解させる工程;
血液に曝される場合にヒドロゲルを形成する、架橋された生物学的に適合可能なポリマーの粒子を該水性媒体中に懸濁する工程;および
該水性媒体を乾燥して、該架橋されていないポリマーの乾燥マトリックス中に該乾燥ポリマー粒子を含む固相を形成する工程;
を包含し、
ここで、該架橋された生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、タンパク質、炭水化物、非生物性ヒドロゲル形成ポリマー、非生物性ヒドロゲル形成コポリマー、およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択され、
該架橋されていない生物学的に適合可能なポリマーは、タンパク質および炭水化物からなる群より選択される、方法。
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US20020042378A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
EP1185288B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
EP1185288A4 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
EP1185288A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
US6706690B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
JP2003501215A (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
JP2010148922A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
ES2662195T3 (es) | 2018-04-05 |
WO2000076533A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
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