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JP5201897B2 - Electroless copper plating solution and electroless copper plating method - Google Patents

Electroless copper plating solution and electroless copper plating method Download PDF

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JP5201897B2
JP5201897B2 JP2007181256A JP2007181256A JP5201897B2 JP 5201897 B2 JP5201897 B2 JP 5201897B2 JP 2007181256 A JP2007181256 A JP 2007181256A JP 2007181256 A JP2007181256 A JP 2007181256A JP 5201897 B2 JP5201897 B2 JP 5201897B2
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copper plating
film
plating solution
electroless copper
copper
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JP2009019225A5 (en
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桂 今藤
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Shinko Electric Industries Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は無電解銅めっき液及び無電解銅めっき方法に関し、更に詳細にはニッケル皮膜上にニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅皮膜を形成する無電解銅めっき液及び無電解銅めっき方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an electroless copper plating solution and an electroless copper plating method, and more particularly to an electroless copper plating solution and an electroless copper plating method for forming a copper film on a nickel film by a substitution reaction with nickel metal.

従来、半導体装置等に使用される配線基板では、図2に示す様に、基板本体10の一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層14に形成された凹部16の底面に露出するパッドに、はんだボールが搭載されリフローされて外部接続端子17が形成される。かかるパッドの構成は、銅から成る配線パターン12の一部に形成されたパッド本体12a上に形成されたニッケル皮膜18上に、金皮膜20が形成されている。
ところで、近年、外部接続端子17を形成するはんだボールとして、人体に有害な鉛が非含有のはんだから成る鉛フリーはんだボールが用いられつつある。
しかし、鉛フリーはんだボールを配線基板のパッド表面に搭載しリフローして得られた外部接続端子17は、その接合性が低下し易いことが判明した。
かかる鉛フリーはんだボールを用いて形成した外部接続端子17の接合性を向上すべく、下記特許文献1では、図3に示す様に、パッド本体12a上のニッケル皮膜16上に無電解銅めっきによって銅皮膜22を形成した後、銅皮膜22上に金皮膜20を形成することが提案されている。
更に、特許文献1には、パッド本体12a上のニッケル皮膜16上に形成する銅皮膜22を、銅の還元剤としてのホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液を用いた無電解銅めっきによって形成することも提案されている。
特開2002−16185号公報
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a wiring board used for a semiconductor device or the like, solder balls are mounted on pads exposed on the bottom surface of a recess 16 formed in a solder resist layer 14 covering one surface side of a substrate body 10 as shown in FIG. Then, the external connection terminal 17 is formed by reflowing. In this pad configuration, a gold film 20 is formed on a nickel film 18 formed on a pad body 12a formed on a part of a wiring pattern 12 made of copper.
In recent years, lead-free solder balls made of solder that does not contain lead harmful to the human body are being used as solder balls for forming the external connection terminals 17.
However, it has been found that the bonding characteristics of the external connection terminals 17 obtained by mounting the lead-free solder balls on the pad surface of the wiring board and reflowing are likely to deteriorate.
In order to improve the bondability of the external connection terminals 17 formed using such lead-free solder balls, in Patent Document 1 below, as shown in FIG. 3, electroless copper plating is performed on the nickel film 16 on the pad body 12a. It has been proposed to form the gold film 20 on the copper film 22 after the copper film 22 is formed.
Further, in Patent Document 1, the copper film 22 formed on the nickel film 16 on the pad main body 12a is formed by electroless copper plating using an electroless copper plating solution to which formaldehyde as a copper reducing agent is added. It has also been proposed to do.
JP 2002-16185 A

前掲の特許文献1の様に、パッド本体12a上に形成したニッケル皮膜16上に、ホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液を用いた無電解銅めっきによって銅皮膜22を容易に形成できる。
更に、形成した銅皮膜22上に金皮膜20を形成したパッドに、鉛フリーはんだボールを搭載しリフローして得られた外部接続端子は、その接合強度を向上できる。
しかしながら、図4に示す如く、基板本体10の一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層14に形成した凹部16の底面に形成したニッケル皮膜18上に、ホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液を用いた無電解銅めっきによって銅皮膜22を形成すると、図4に示す如く、ニッケル皮膜18上に銅皮膜22が形成されるのみならず、凹部16から食み出してソルダレジスト層14の一部表面にも銅皮膜22aが形成される、いわゆる染め出し現象が発生し易いことが判明した。
図4に示す如く、銅皮膜22aがソルダレジスト層14の一部表面上にも形成されることは、配線基板の外観が低下することは勿論のこと、外部接続端子17をファインピッチで形成する配線基板では、隣接するパッド同士が短絡するおそれがある。
また、銅の還元剤としてのホルムアルデヒドを含有する無電解銅めっき液は液安定性に乏しく、その保管期間は著しく短い。
そこで、本発明では、ニッケル皮膜から食み出して銅皮膜が形成され易く、且つ液安定性に乏しい従来の無電解銅めっき液及び無電解銅めっき方法の課題を解決し、ニッケル皮膜上のみに銅皮膜を容易に形成でき、且つ液安定性に優れた無電解銅めっき液及び無電解銅めっき方法を提供することを目的とする。
Like the above-mentioned patent document 1, the copper film 22 can be easily formed on the nickel film 16 formed on the pad main body 12a by electroless copper plating using an electroless copper plating solution to which formaldehyde is added.
Furthermore, an external connection terminal obtained by reflowing a lead-free solder ball mounted on a pad on which the gold film 20 is formed on the formed copper film 22 can improve the bonding strength.
However, as shown in FIG. 4, a non-electrolytic copper plating solution to which formaldehyde is added is used on a nickel film 18 formed on the bottom surface of the recess 16 formed in the solder resist layer 14 covering one surface side of the substrate body 10. When the copper film 22 is formed by electrolytic copper plating, as shown in FIG. 4, the copper film 22 is not only formed on the nickel film 18, but also protrudes from the recess 16 and also on a part of the surface of the solder resist layer 14. It has been found that the so-called dyeing phenomenon in which the copper film 22a is formed easily occurs.
As shown in FIG. 4, the formation of the copper film 22a on a part of the surface of the solder resist layer 14 not only deteriorates the appearance of the wiring board but also forms the external connection terminals 17 at a fine pitch. In the wiring board, adjacent pads may be short-circuited.
In addition, an electroless copper plating solution containing formaldehyde as a copper reducing agent has poor solution stability, and its storage period is extremely short.
Therefore, in the present invention, the problem of the conventional electroless copper plating solution and electroless copper plating method that is likely to protrude from the nickel film and form a copper film and has poor liquid stability is solved only on the nickel film. An object of the present invention is to provide an electroless copper plating solution and an electroless copper plating method capable of easily forming a copper film and having excellent liquid stability.

本発明者は、前記課題を解決すべく、先ず、ホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液を用いた場合、図4に示す如く、ソルダレジスト層14の一部表面にも銅皮膜22aが形成される原因について検討した。この検討によれば、ホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液を用いた無電解銅めっきによって、ニッケル皮膜18上に銅皮膜22を形成するには、予めニッケル皮膜18上にPd触媒を吸着する前処理を施すことが必要である。かかるPd触媒をニッケル皮膜上18のみに安定して吸着させる前処理条件は極めて狭く、前処理条件の多少の変化によってソルダレジスト層14の一部表面にもPd触媒が吸着され易い。
この様に、ソルダレジスト層14の一部表面にPd触媒が吸着された配線基板を、ホルムアルデヒドが添加された無電解銅めっき液に浸漬して無電解銅めっきを施すと、ソルダレジスト層14の一部表面に吸着されたPd触媒にも銅が析出して銅皮膜22aが形成される。
このため、本発明者は、予めニッケル皮膜上にPd触媒を吸着することが不要であって、ニッケル皮膜を形成するニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅が析出する置換銅めっきによれば、ニッケル皮膜上のみに銅皮膜を形成できて有効ではないかと考えて検討した結果、本発明に到達した。
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor first forms a copper film 22a on a part of the surface of the solder resist layer 14 as shown in FIG. 4 when an electroless copper plating solution to which formaldehyde is added is used. We examined the cause. According to this study, in order to form the copper film 22 on the nickel film 18 by electroless copper plating using an electroless copper plating solution to which formaldehyde is added, the Pd catalyst is adsorbed on the nickel film 18 in advance. It is necessary to perform pretreatment. Pretreatment conditions for stably adsorbing such a Pd catalyst only on the nickel film 18 are extremely narrow, and the Pd catalyst is likely to be adsorbed also on a part of the surface of the solder resist layer 14 by a slight change in the pretreatment conditions.
As described above, when the wiring substrate having the Pd catalyst adsorbed on a part of the surface of the solder resist layer 14 is immersed in an electroless copper plating solution to which formaldehyde is added and electroless copper plating is performed, the solder resist layer 14 Copper is also deposited on the Pd catalyst adsorbed on a part of the surface to form a copper film 22a.
For this reason, the present inventor does not need to previously adsorb the Pd catalyst on the nickel film, and according to the substitution copper plating in which copper is deposited by a substitution reaction with nickel metal forming the nickel film, the nickel film As a result of considering that it is effective to form a copper film only on the top, the present invention has been achieved.

すなわち、本発明は、ニッケル皮膜上にニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅皮膜を形成する無電解銅めっき液であって、前記無電解銅めっき液には、ホルムアルデヒドもしくはジメチルアミンボランからなる銅の還元剤が非含有であり、前記置換反応を緩和する、酒石酸塩からなる銅の錯化剤が含有されていると共に、pHが1.5以下であることを特徴とする無電解銅めっき液にある。
また、本発明は、ニッケル皮膜上に銅皮膜を形成する際に、前述した無電解銅めっき液中に前記ニッケル皮膜を浸漬することを特徴とする無電解銅めっき方法でもある。
更に、ニッケル皮膜としては、無電解ニッケルめっきによって形成したニッケル皮膜である場合、本発明を有効に適用できる。
尚、無電解銅めっき液中の銅としては、硫酸銅から由来していることが好ましい。
That is, the present invention is an electroless copper plating solution for forming a copper film on a nickel film by a substitution reaction with nickel metal, wherein the electroless copper plating solution includes a reduction of copper comprising formaldehyde or dimethylamine borane. The electroless copper plating solution is characterized in that it contains no agent, contains a copper complexing agent composed of tartrate to alleviate the substitution reaction, and has a pH of 1.5 or less. .
Moreover, this invention is also the electroless copper plating method characterized by immersing the said nickel film in the electroless copper plating solution mentioned above when forming a copper film on a nickel film .
Furthermore, the present invention can be effectively applied when the nickel film is a nickel film formed by electroless nickel plating.
The copper in the electroless copper plating solution is preferably derived from copper sulfate.

本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液を用いることによって、ニッケル皮膜上にニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅皮膜を形成できる。このため、予めニッケル皮膜上にパラジウム(Pd)触媒を吸着する前処理を必要とせず、Pd触媒の吸着がニッケル皮膜以外の他の部分でも発生することに因って、ニッケル皮膜から食み出して銅皮膜が形成される、いわゆる染め出し現象を防止できる。その結果、ニッケル皮膜上のみに銅皮膜を形成できる。
しかも、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液には、ニッケル金属との置換反応を緩和する、酒石酸塩からなる銅の錯化剤が含有され、さらにめっき液のpHを1.5以下としているため、ニッケル皮膜上のみに緻密な銅皮膜を形成できる。
また、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液には、ホルムアルデヒドもしくはジメチルアミンボランからなる銅の還元剤が非含有であるため、液安定性に優れており、銅の還元剤が含有されている無電解銅めっき液に比較して、その保管時間を長くできる。
By using the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention, a copper film can be formed on the nickel film by a substitution reaction with nickel metal. For this reason, the pretreatment for adsorbing the palladium (Pd) catalyst on the nickel film in advance is not necessary, and the Pd catalyst adsorbs in other parts other than the nickel film, so that it protrudes from the nickel film. Thus, the so-called dyeing phenomenon in which a copper film is formed can be prevented. As a result, a copper film can be formed only on the nickel film.
In addition, the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention contains a copper complexing agent made of tartrate that alleviates the substitution reaction with nickel metal, and the pH of the plating solution is 1.5 or less. A dense copper film can be formed only on the nickel film.
Further, since the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention does not contain a copper reducing agent made of formaldehyde or dimethylamine borane , it has excellent liquid stability and contains no copper reducing agent. The storage time can be lengthened as compared with the electrolytic copper plating solution.

本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液は、ニッケル皮膜上にニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅皮膜を形成する、いわゆる置換銅めっき用の無電解銅めっき液である。このため、予めニッケル皮膜上にPd等の触媒を吸着する前処理を要せず、ニッケル皮膜上のみに銅皮膜を形成できる。
かかる無電解銅めっき液中の銅は、硫酸銅から由来した銅とすることによって、ニッケル金属との置換反応が進行し易い。
更に、ニッケル皮膜としては、電解ニッケルめっきによって形成したものでもよいが、無電解ニッケルめっきによって形成されたニッケル皮膜に対して、本発明の無電解銅めっき液を好適に用いることができる。無電解ニッケルめっきによって形成したニッケル皮膜
中には、無電解ニッケルめっきに含有されている各種剤が含有されていることに起因するものと考えられる。
また、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液には、ホルムアルデヒド等の銅の還元剤が非含有である。このため、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液は、液安定性が良好であって、室温下で1週間以上の長時間の保管が可能である。他方、ホルムアルデヒド等の銅の還元剤が含有されている無電解銅めっき液では、その液安定性が乏しく、室温下で保管していると1日以内に沈殿物が生じる。
The electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention is an electroless copper plating solution for so-called displacement copper plating in which a copper film is formed on a nickel film by a substitution reaction with nickel metal. For this reason, the copper film can be formed only on the nickel film without requiring a pretreatment for adsorbing a catalyst such as Pd on the nickel film in advance.
When the copper in the electroless copper plating solution is copper derived from copper sulfate, the substitution reaction with nickel metal is likely to proceed.
Furthermore, the nickel film may be formed by electrolytic nickel plating, but the electroless copper plating solution of the present invention can be suitably used for the nickel film formed by electroless nickel plating. It is considered that the nickel film formed by electroless nickel plating is caused by the inclusion of various agents contained in electroless nickel plating.
Further, the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention does not contain a copper reducing agent such as formaldehyde. For this reason, the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention has good solution stability and can be stored for a long time of one week or more at room temperature. On the other hand, an electroless copper plating solution containing a copper reducing agent such as formaldehyde has poor liquid stability, and precipitates are formed within one day when stored at room temperature.

更に、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液では、ニッケル金属と銅金属との置換反応を緩和する銅の錯化剤が含有されている。かかる銅の錯化剤が含有されていない場合には、ニッケル金属と銅金属との置換反応が速く、ニッケル皮膜上に形成される銅皮膜の膜質が粗くなる。
かかる銅の錯化剤としては、カルボン酸化合物を用いることができ、特に酒石酸塩、クエン酸塩又はグリシンを好適に用いることができる。
但し、カルボン酸化合物として酒石酸塩を用いる場合には、無電解銅めっき液のpHを1.5以下にすること、或いはカルボン酸化合物としてクエン酸塩又はグリシンを用いる場合には、無電解銅めっき液のpHを2.0以下にすることによって、これらのカルボン酸化合物を無電解銅めっき液に充分に溶解できる。かかるpHの調整は硫酸によって行うことが好ましい。
ここで、酒石酸塩としては、酒石酸ナトリウム、酒石酸カリウム、酒石酸ナトリウム・カリウム(ロッシェル塩)、酒石酸のアンモニウム塩等を好適に上げることができる。かかる酒石酸塩の添加量は、無電解銅めっき液1リットル当たり50g以上、特に100g以上とすることが好ましい。
また、クエン酸塩としては、クエン酸カリウム、クエン酸ナトリム等を挙げることができる。このクエン酸塩又はグリシンの添加量は、無電解銅めっき液1リットル当たり30〜90g程度とすることが好ましい。
Furthermore, the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention contains a copper complexing agent that relaxes the substitution reaction between nickel metal and copper metal. When such a copper complexing agent is not contained, the substitution reaction between nickel metal and copper metal is fast, and the film quality of the copper film formed on the nickel film becomes rough.
As the copper complexing agent, a carboxylic acid compound can be used, and in particular, tartrate, citrate or glycine can be suitably used.
However, when using tartrate as the carboxylic acid compound, the pH of the electroless copper plating solution should be 1.5 or less, or when using citrate or glycine as the carboxylic acid compound, electroless copper plating. By setting the pH of the solution to 2.0 or less, these carboxylic acid compounds can be sufficiently dissolved in the electroless copper plating solution. Such pH adjustment is preferably performed with sulfuric acid.
Here, as tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, sodium / potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt), ammonium tartrate, and the like can be preferably raised. The amount of such tartrate added is preferably 50 g or more, particularly 100 g or more per liter of the electroless copper plating solution.
Examples of the citrate include potassium citrate and sodium citrate. The amount of citrate or glycine added is preferably about 30 to 90 g per liter of electroless copper plating solution.

かかる本発明の無電解銅めっき液を用いてニッケル皮膜上に無電解銅めっきを施す際には、例えば図2又は図3に示す配線基板の様に、基板本体10の一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層14に形成した凹部16の底面に、パッド本体12aを形成するニッケル皮膜18が露出する配線基板を、室温下で本発明の無電解銅めっき液に所定時間浸漬して、無電解銅めっきを施す。
無電解銅めっきを施して得られた配線基板の部分正面図を図1に示す。図1に示す様に、得られた配線基板では、配線本体10の一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層14に形成された凹部16の底面に露出するニッケル皮膜18上のみに銅皮膜22が形成されており、ソルダレジスト層14の部分には銅皮膜は形成されていない。また、形成された銅皮膜22は、均斉で且つ緻密なものであった。
更に、形成した銅皮膜22上に無電解金めっきを施して金皮膜20を形成したパッド上に、鉛フリーはんだボールを搭載しリフローして外部接続端子17を形成できる。
When electroless copper plating is performed on a nickel film using the electroless copper plating solution of the present invention, a solder resist that covers one surface side of the substrate body 10, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. The wiring board on which the nickel coating 18 forming the pad main body 12a is exposed on the bottom surface of the recess 16 formed in the layer 14 is immersed in the electroless copper plating solution of the present invention at room temperature for a predetermined time to perform electroless copper plating. Apply.
FIG. 1 shows a partial front view of a wiring board obtained by performing electroless copper plating. As shown in FIG. 1, in the obtained wiring board, the copper film 22 is formed only on the nickel film 18 exposed on the bottom surface of the recess 16 formed in the solder resist layer 14 covering one surface side of the wiring body 10. No copper film is formed on the solder resist layer 14 . Further, the formed copper film 22 was uniform and dense.
Furthermore, a lead-free solder ball can be mounted on the pad on which the gold film 20 is formed by performing electroless gold plating on the formed copper film 22, and the external connection terminal 17 can be formed.

この様に、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液を用いた無電解銅めっきによれば、ニッケル皮膜上のみに、均斉で且つ緻密な銅皮膜を形成できる。このため、ファインピッチのパッドが形成された配線基板でも、隣接するパッド同士が短絡される懸念を解消できる。
また、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき方法によれば、予めニッケル皮膜上にPd触媒等を吸着する前処理を不要にでき、銅皮膜の形成工程の短縮を図ることができる。
更に、本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液は、その液安定性に優れているため、無電解銅めっき液を長時間保管でき、無電解銅めっき液の管理を簡単化できる。
Thus, according to the electroless copper plating using the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention, a uniform and dense copper film can be formed only on the nickel film. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate the concern that adjacent pads are short-circuited even on a wiring board on which fine pitch pads are formed.
In addition, according to the electroless copper plating method of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the need for pretreatment for previously adsorbing a Pd catalyst or the like on the nickel film, and to shorten the copper film formation process.
Furthermore, since the electroless copper plating solution according to the present invention is excellent in liquid stability, the electroless copper plating solution can be stored for a long time, and management of the electroless copper plating solution can be simplified.

無電解銅めっき液として、下記表1の組成の置換析出型の無電解銅めっき液を調整した。   As the electroless copper plating solution, a substitutional precipitation type electroless copper plating solution having the composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared.

Figure 0005201897
かかる無電解銅めっき液に、一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層に形成された凹部の底面を形成するニッケル皮膜が露出する配線基板を室温下で所定時間浸漬し、ニッケル皮膜に無電解銅めっきを施した。
所定時間経過後に、配線基板を無電解銅めっき液から取り上げて洗浄した後、銅皮膜の外観を検査したところ、凹部底面のニッケル皮膜上のみに均斉で且つ緻密な銅皮膜が形成されており、ソルダレジスト層の表面には全く銅皮膜が形成されなかった。
また、かかる無電解銅めっき液を室温下で放置しておいても、放置開始から1週間以上経過しても沈殿は生じなく、液安定性に優れていることが判る。
Figure 0005201897
In such an electroless copper plating solution, a wiring board that exposes the nickel film forming the bottom surface of the recess formed in the solder resist layer covering the one surface side is immersed for a predetermined time at room temperature, and electroless copper plating is applied to the nickel film. did.
After a predetermined time has passed, the wiring board is taken up from the electroless copper plating solution and washed, and when the appearance of the copper film is inspected, a uniform and dense copper film is formed only on the nickel film on the bottom of the recess, No copper film was formed on the surface of the solder resist layer.
Further, it can be seen that even when the electroless copper plating solution is allowed to stand at room temperature, precipitation does not occur even if one week or more has elapsed since the start of the leaving, and the solution stability is excellent.

比較例1Comparative Example 1

銅の還元剤としてホルムアルデヒドを含有する無電解銅めっき液として、上村工業社製のスルカップPEA(商品名)を用いて、実施例1で用いた配線基板と同一の配線基板に無電解銅めっきを試みた。この配線基板は、Pd触媒を吸着する前処理を施すことなく無電解銅めっき液に室温下で浸漬した。
しかし、配線基板を電解銅めっき液に浸漬して30分経過しても、ニッケル皮膜上に銅は析出しなかった。
尚、かかる無電解銅めっき液を室温下で放置しておくと、放置開始から24時間以内に沈殿が生じ、液安定性にも乏しいことが判る。
As an electroless copper plating solution containing formaldehyde as a copper reducing agent, the electroless copper plating is applied to the same wiring board as that used in Example 1, using Sulcup PEA (trade name) manufactured by Uemura Kogyo Co., Ltd. Tried. This wiring board was immersed in an electroless copper plating solution at room temperature without performing a pretreatment for adsorbing the Pd catalyst.
However, no copper was deposited on the nickel film even after 30 minutes had passed after the wiring board was immersed in the electrolytic copper plating solution.
In addition, when this electroless copper plating solution is allowed to stand at room temperature, it is found that precipitation occurs within 24 hours from the start of the leaving and the solution stability is poor.

比較例2Comparative Example 2

実施例1で用いた配線基板と同一の配線基板に、30℃でPd触媒を吸着する前処理を施した後、比較例1で用いた電解銅めっき液に浸漬した。
配線基板の凹部底面を形成するニッケル皮膜の一部に銅皮膜が形成されていたが、ニッケル皮膜の全体に銅皮膜は形成されなかった。
The same wiring board as that used in Example 1 was subjected to pretreatment for adsorbing the Pd catalyst at 30 ° C., and then immersed in the electrolytic copper plating solution used in Comparative Example 1.
Although the copper film was formed on a part of the nickel film forming the bottom surface of the concave portion of the wiring board, the copper film was not formed on the entire nickel film.

比較例3Comparative Example 3

実施例1で用いた配線基板と同一の配線基板に、50℃でPd触媒を吸着する前処理を施した後、比較例1で用いた電解銅めっき液に浸漬した。
配線基板の凹部底面を形成するニッケル皮膜の全体を覆うように銅皮膜が形成されていたが、ソルダレジスト層の一部表面まで銅皮膜が食み出して形成される、いわゆる染め出し現象が発生していた。
The same wiring board as used in Example 1 was subjected to pretreatment for adsorbing the Pd catalyst at 50 ° C., and then immersed in the electrolytic copper plating solution used in Comparative Example 1.
Although the copper film was formed so as to cover the entire nickel film that forms the bottom of the concave portion of the wiring board, a so-called dyeing phenomenon occurs in which the copper film protrudes to a part of the surface of the solder resist layer. It was.

比較例4Comparative Example 4

無電解銅めっき液として、下記表2の組成の無電解銅めっき液を調整した。   As an electroless copper plating solution, an electroless copper plating solution having the composition shown in Table 2 below was prepared.

Figure 0005201897
かかる無電解銅めっき液に、一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層に形成された凹部底面を形成するニッケル皮膜が露出する配線基板を室温下で所定時間浸漬し、ニッケル皮膜に無電解銅めっきを施した。
所定時間経過後に、配線基板を無電解銅めっき液から取り上げて洗浄した後、銅皮膜の外観を検査したところ、凹部底面のニッケル皮膜上のみに均斉で且つ緻密な銅皮膜が形成されており、ソルダレジスト層の表面には銅皮膜が形成されていなかった。
但し、この無電解銅めっき液は、そのpHが7.5未満であると、ニッケル皮膜上への銅皮膜の未着現象が発現し、そのpHが9を超えると、ソルダレジスト層の一部表面に銅皮膜が食み出して形成される染め出し現象が発現する。
この様に、この無電解銅めっき液はpH7.5〜9の狭い範囲で始めて所定の性能が発揮されるため、そのpH管理が困難である。
また、かかる無電解銅めっき液を室温下で放置しておくと、放置開始から24時間以内に沈殿が生じ、液安定性は乏しいことが判る。
Figure 0005201897
In this electroless copper plating solution, the wiring board on which the nickel film forming the bottom surface of the recess formed on the solder resist layer covering one side was exposed for a predetermined time at room temperature, and the nickel film was subjected to electroless copper plating. .
After a predetermined time has passed, the wiring board is taken up from the electroless copper plating solution and washed, and when the appearance of the copper film is inspected, a uniform and dense copper film is formed only on the nickel film on the bottom of the recess, A copper film was not formed on the surface of the solder resist layer.
However, when the electroless copper plating solution has a pH of less than 7.5, a phenomenon that the copper film does not adhere to the nickel film appears. When the pH exceeds 9, a part of the solder resist layer is formed. A dyeing phenomenon is formed in which a copper film protrudes from the surface.
Thus, since this electroless copper plating solution exhibits a predetermined performance only in a narrow range of pH 7.5 to 9, its pH control is difficult.
It can also be seen that when such an electroless copper plating solution is allowed to stand at room temperature, precipitation occurs within 24 hours from the start of the leaving, and the solution stability is poor.

比較例5Comparative Example 5

置換析出型の無電解銅めっき液として、硫酸銅・五水和物19.4g(Cuとして5g/L)のみを溶解し、硫酸によってpH2に調整した無電解銅めっき液を得た。
得られた無電解銅めっき液に、一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層に形成された凹部底面を形成するニッケル皮膜が露出する配線基板を室温下で所定時間浸漬し、ニッケル皮膜に無電解銅めっきを施した。
所定時間経過後に、配線基板を無電解銅めっき液から取り上げて洗浄した後、銅皮膜の外観を検査したところ、凹部底面のニッケル皮膜上のみに銅皮膜が形成されてはいるものの、形成された銅皮膜の外観及び膜質は、いわゆる焼けめっき状であって不良品であった。
As a displacement precipitation type electroless copper plating solution, only 19.4 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (5 g / L as Cu) was dissolved, and an electroless copper plating solution adjusted to pH 2 with sulfuric acid was obtained.
In the obtained electroless copper plating solution, immerse the wiring board on which the nickel film forming the bottom of the recess formed on the solder resist layer covering one side is exposed for a predetermined time at room temperature, and apply the electroless copper plating to the nickel film. gave.
After elapse of a predetermined time, the wiring board was picked up from the electroless copper plating solution and washed, and then the appearance of the copper film was inspected. However, although the copper film was formed only on the nickel film on the bottom of the recess, it was formed. The appearance and film quality of the copper film was a so-called burn-plated shape and was a defective product.

実施例1及び比較例4で形成した配線基板の凹部底面の銅皮膜上に、シアン系無電解金めっき液(置換析出型)を用いて金皮膜を形成してパッドとした。かかる配線基板のパッドのめっき構成は、ニッケル皮膜(厚さ5μm)上に銅皮膜(厚さ0.2μm)が形成され、更に銅皮膜上に金皮膜(厚さ0.05μm)が形成されている。
この配線基板を大気中で165℃、6時間の加熱処理を施した後、各パッドの金皮膜上に鉛フリーはんだ(Sn−Ag−Cu)から成るはんだボールを搭載し、次いで、リフローを3回施して外部接続端子を形成した。
得られた外部接続端子について、常温ボールプル試験装置を用いて接合強度を調査した。この調査では、外部接続端子を試験装置で引っ張り、外部接続端子の破壊モードで接合強度を評価した。すなわち、外部接続端子の破壊が、下地としてのニッケル皮膜と配線基板表面との間や配線基板内或いは外部接続端子内で発生して場合をOKとし、外部接続端子の境界面で発生している場合をNGとした。
かかる外部接続端子の破壊を一の配線基板内で28箇所で行い、80%以上がOKの配線基板を○とし、80〜30%がOKの配線基板を△とした。また、OKが30%以下の配線基板を×とした。
かかる外部接続端子の接合強度の調査では、比較例4で形成した配線基板の外部接続端子の接合強度が○であり、実施例1で形成した配線基板の外部接続端子の接合強度は○〜△であった。実施例1の配線基板の外部接続端子の接合強度は、比較例4の配線基板の外部接続端子の接合強度よりも若干低目であるが、実用的には問題のない範囲内である。
従って、無電解銅めっき液の液安定性及び染め出し現象の発生し易さも勘案して、実施例1の無電解銅めっき液が比較例4の無電解銅めっき液よりも総合的に優れていると判断される。
A gold film was formed on the copper film on the bottom surface of the recess of the wiring board formed in Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 using a cyan electroless gold plating solution (substitution deposition type) to obtain a pad. The wiring board pad configuration is such that a copper film (thickness 0.2 μm) is formed on a nickel film (thickness 5 μm), and a gold film (thickness 0.05 μm) is further formed on the copper film. Yes.
After heating this wiring board at 165 ° C. for 6 hours in the atmosphere, a solder ball made of lead-free solder (Sn—Ag—Cu) is mounted on the gold film of each pad, and then reflow is performed 3 This was applied to form external connection terminals.
About the obtained external connection terminal, joining strength was investigated using the normal temperature ball pull test device. In this investigation, the external connection terminal was pulled with a test apparatus, and the bonding strength was evaluated in the failure mode of the external connection terminal. That is, when the external connection terminal is broken between the nickel coating as the base and the surface of the wiring board, in the wiring board, or in the external connection terminal, it is determined to be OK and occurs at the boundary surface of the external connection terminal. The case was NG.
Such destruction of the external connection terminals was performed at 28 locations in one wiring board, 80% or more of the OK wiring board was marked as ◯, and 80 to 30% of the wiring board was marked as △. Moreover, the wiring board whose OK is 30% or less was made into x.
In the investigation of the bonding strength of the external connection terminals, the bonding strength of the external connection terminals of the wiring board formed in Comparative Example 4 is ○, and the bonding strength of the external connection terminals of the wiring board formed in Example 1 is ○ to Δ. Met. The bonding strength of the external connection terminals of the wiring board of Example 1 is slightly lower than the bonding strength of the external connection terminals of the wiring board of Comparative Example 4, but is practically in a range where there is no problem.
Therefore, the electroless copper plating solution of Example 1 is generally superior to the electroless copper plating solution of Comparative Example 4 in consideration of the liquid stability of the electroless copper plating solution and the ease of occurrence of the dyeing phenomenon. It is judged.

無電解銅めっき液として、下記表3の組成の置換析出型の無電解銅めっき液を調整した。   As the electroless copper plating solution, a substitutional precipitation type electroless copper plating solution having the composition shown in Table 3 below was prepared.

Figure 0005201897
かかる無電解銅めっき液に、一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層に形成された凹部底面にニッケル皮膜が露出する配線基板を室温下で所定時間浸漬し、ニッケル皮膜に無電解銅めっきを施した。
所定時間経過後に、配線基板を無電解銅めっき液から取り上げて洗浄した後、銅皮膜の外観を検査したところ、凹部底面のニッケル皮膜上のみに均斉で且つ緻密な銅皮膜が形成されており、ソルダレジスト層の表面には全く銅皮膜が形成されなかった。
但し、実施例1の無電解銅めっき液に比較して、銅皮膜が形成され難く且つ形成された銅皮膜の膜厚も薄かった。
Figure 0005201897
In the electroless copper plating solution, a wiring board having a nickel film exposed on the bottom surface of the recess formed on the solder resist layer covering one surface side was immersed for a predetermined time at room temperature, and the nickel film was subjected to electroless copper plating.
After a predetermined time has passed, the wiring board is taken up from the electroless copper plating solution and washed, and when the appearance of the copper film is inspected, a uniform and dense copper film is formed only on the nickel film on the bottom of the recess, No copper film was formed on the surface of the solder resist layer.
However, compared with the electroless copper plating solution of Example 1, it was difficult to form a copper film, and the film thickness of the formed copper film was also thin.

無電解銅めっき液として、下記表4の組成の置換析出型の無電解銅めっき液を調整した。   As the electroless copper plating solution, a substitutional precipitation type electroless copper plating solution having the composition shown in Table 4 below was prepared.

Figure 0005201897
かかる無電解銅めっき液に、一面側を覆うソルダレジスト層に形成された凹部底面にニッケル皮膜が露出する配線基板を室温下で所定時間浸漬し、ニッケル皮膜に無電解銅めっきを施した。
所定時間経過後に、配線基板を無電解銅めっき液から取り上げて洗浄した後、銅皮膜の外観を検査したところ、凹部底面のニッケル皮膜上のみに均斉で且つ緻密な銅皮膜が形成されており、ソルダレジスト層の表面には全く銅皮膜が形成されなかった。
但し、実施例1の無電解銅めっき液に比較して、形成される銅皮膜が粗い傾向があった。
Figure 0005201897
In the electroless copper plating solution, a wiring board having a nickel film exposed on the bottom surface of the recess formed on the solder resist layer covering one surface side was immersed for a predetermined time at room temperature, and the nickel film was subjected to electroless copper plating.
After a predetermined time has passed, the wiring board is taken up from the electroless copper plating solution and washed, and when the appearance of the copper film is inspected, a uniform and dense copper film is formed only on the nickel film on the bottom of the recess, No copper film was formed on the surface of the solder resist layer.
However, compared to the electroless copper plating solution of Example 1, the formed copper film tended to be rough.

本発明に係る無電解銅めっき液を用いてニッケル皮膜上に銅皮膜を形成した配線基板の部分正面図である。It is a partial front view of the wiring board which formed the copper membrane | film | coat on the nickel membrane | film | coat using the electroless copper plating solution which concerns on this invention. 従来の配線基板のパッド構成を説明する部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view explaining the pad composition of the conventional wiring board. 改良された配線基板のパッド構成を説明する部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view explaining the pad structure of the improved wiring board. 予めPd触媒を吸着する前処理を施した配線基板を、銅の還元剤としてホルムアルデヒドを含有する無電解銅めっき液に浸漬して、凹部底面を形成するニッケル皮膜上に銅皮膜を形成した配線基板の部分正面図である。A wiring board in which a copper film is formed on a nickel film that forms a recess bottom by immersing a wiring board that has been pretreated to adsorb a Pd catalyst in advance in an electroless copper plating solution containing formaldehyde as a copper reducing agent. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 基板本体
12 配線パターン
12a パッド本体
14 ソルダレジスト
16 凹部
17 外部接続端子
18 ニッケル皮膜
20 金皮膜
22 銅皮膜
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Substrate body 12 Wiring pattern 12a Pad body 14 Solder resist 16 Recess 17 External connection terminal 18 Nickel film 20 Gold film 22 Copper film

Claims (4)

ニッケル皮膜上にニッケル金属との置換反応によって銅皮膜を形成する無電解銅めっき液であって、
前記無電解銅めっき液には、ホルムアルデヒドもしくはジメチルアミンボランからなる銅の還元剤が非含有であり、前記置換反応を緩和する、酒石酸塩からなる銅の錯化剤が含有されていると共に、pHが1.5以下であることを特徴とする無電解銅めっき液。
An electroless copper plating solution that forms a copper film by a substitution reaction with nickel metal on the nickel film,
The electroless copper plating solution does not contain a copper reducing agent made of formaldehyde or dimethylamine borane, contains a copper complexing agent made of tartrate that alleviates the substitution reaction, and has a pH. Is an electroless copper plating solution, characterized by being 1.5 or less.
ニッケル皮膜が、無電解ニッケルめっきによって形成されている請求項1記載の無電解銅めっき液。 The electroless copper plating solution according to claim 1 , wherein the nickel film is formed by electroless nickel plating. 無電解銅めっき液中の銅が、硫酸銅から由来している請求項1または2記載の無電解銅めっき液。 The electroless copper plating solution according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the copper in the electroless copper plating solution is derived from copper sulfate. ニッケル皮膜上に銅皮膜を形成する際に、前記ニッケル皮膜を請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の無電解銅めっき液中に浸漬することを特徴とする無電解銅めっき方法。 When forming a copper film on a nickel film, the said nickel film is immersed in the electroless copper plating solution as described in any one of Claims 1-3 , The electroless copper plating method characterized by the above-mentioned.
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