JP5191483B2 - 多孔性伝導カーボン物質とその使用 - Google Patents
多孔性伝導カーボン物質とその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5191483B2 JP5191483B2 JP2009512475A JP2009512475A JP5191483B2 JP 5191483 B2 JP5191483 B2 JP 5191483B2 JP 2009512475 A JP2009512475 A JP 2009512475A JP 2009512475 A JP2009512475 A JP 2009512475A JP 5191483 B2 JP5191483 B2 JP 5191483B2
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Description
・Ryoo, R. S.H.Joo and S.Jun, "Synthesis of highly ordered carbon molecular sieves via template-mediated structural transformations".ournal of Physical Chemistry B, 1999, 103(37):p. 7743- 7746.
・Kruk, M., Ryoo, R., et al., Characterization of ordered mesoporous carbons synthesized using MCM-48 silicas as templates.Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000. 104(33):p. 7960-7968.
この概念は続いてシュッツ氏(Schuth)によって改良された。例えば、下記の論文を参照されたい。
・Lu, A.H., Schuth F. et al., Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon with bimodal pore system and high pore volume. Advanced Materials, 2003.15(19):p. 1602-+.
・Lu, A. H., Schmidt, W. and Schuth, F., Simplified novel synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon with a bimodal pore system.New Carbon Materials, 2003.18(3):p.181-185.
多孔性カーボン物質の特に好適な構造は以下の構造である。前記カーボンは非黒鉛カーボンの形態で存在し、前記非黒鉛カーボンは2nmから30nmまでの範囲内の積層高さ及び2nmから8nmまでの範囲の横方向の延長値LAを有する複数の任意に指向されたグラフェン積層体を含み、前記グラフェン積層体は互いに接触し、又は前記構造内に分布し且つ前記前記グラフェン積層体の間において存在するアモルファスカーボンによって離間されており、前記アモルファスカーボンの総重量は前記グラフェン積層体物質に対して10%未満である。
・Minakuchi, H., Tanaka, et al., Performance of an octadecylsilylated continuous porous silica column in polypeptide separations.Journal Of Chromatography A, 1998.828(1-2):p. 83-90.
・Yang, H. F., et al, Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon monoliths with bicontinuous cubic pore structure of Ia3d symmetry.Chemical Communications, 2002(23):p. 2842-2843.
・Shi, Z.G., et al., Synthesis of a carbon monolith with trimodal pores.Carbon, 2003.41(13):p. 2677-2679.
・Lu, A.H., J. H. Smatt, and M. Linden, Combined surface and volume tem- plating of highly porous nanocast carbon monoliths.Advanced Functional Materials, 2005.15(5):p. 865-871.
・"Easy and flexible preparation of nanocasted carbon monoliths exhibiting a multimodal hierarchical porosity" by An-Hui Lu et al in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 72 (2004) 59-65.
このドキュメントには、多孔性カーボン物質が開示されており、その多孔性カーボン物質は、本教示の多孔性物質と同じ一般的なサイズの第1及び第2細孔サイズを有するものの、異なるカーボン前駆体が用いられていないので、本教示の多孔性物質に要求される特別の秩序化したグラフェン構造体が得られない。そうではなく、その参考文献によれば、多孔性のモードのメソ細孔サイズが小さすぎて黒鉛カーボン構造体に近接しているので、形成することができないと記載されている。非黒鉛カーボン構造体は、正確にはグラフェン構造体と称される画定していない用語である。
という用語又はLcのための上で使用されるように「高さを積み重ねる」がお互いの上で積み重ねられたグラフェンのレイヤの高さを意味する。[横方向の拡張値LA」という用語は、カーボン技術分野において通常の意味である。非黒鉛カーボンの秩序度が増大すればするほど、LC及びLAは、より大きくなる。本発明の物質のLC及びLAの値は、同じ範囲の温度で処理された他の前駆体よりもかなり高い。例えば、フルフリルアルコール又は糖質が用いられ、同じ範囲の温度まで加熱される場合、それらの積層高さは1nmよりも低くなり且つLA<1nmとなってしまう。本発明の目的においては望ましくない黒鉛化が2000°Kよりも高い温度の熱処理によって生じ得る。
代わりに、それぞれの黒色部の領域は見積もられ、πr2の表面積を有する円の表面積と同等と見なされ得る。2rの結果値が平均サイズとして捉えられる。両方法は、細孔の平均サイズに対して同様の結果を生ずる傾向がある。正確には、より不均一に且つ3次元的に相互に結合された第2細孔に対して同じ概念が使用され得る。
・K. Nakanishi and N. Soga in Am.Cerm.Soc, 1991, 10, 2518.
・N.Tanaka, H. Kobayashi, N. Ishizuka, H. Minakuchi, K. Nakanishi, K. Ho- soya and T. Ikegami in J. Chrom.A 2002, 965, 35.
・M. Motokawa, H. Kobayashi, N. Ishizuka, H. Minakuchi, K. Nakanishi, H. Jinnai, K. Ho- soya, T. Ikegami and N. Tanaka in J. Chrom. A 2002, 961, 53.
加熱率は、1.5°K/分であるべきであり、600−1000℃の範囲内の炭化温度において6時間停滞させる。
「ピッチ」という用語は、タールのような物質又は瀝青質の可溶性物質を固化する粘着性体のすべてを含む。そのタールのような物質又は瀝青質の可溶性物質は、例えば、有機物質(自然材料)、コールタール若しくは歴青質タールの高温加熱後又は蒸留後において残存する。一般に、ピッチは、30000g/molの分子量を有し得る高分子環状炭化水素及びヘテロ環状体(hetero− cycles)から成る。
ca.2g メソ相ピッチ(Mitsubishi AR)+10g THF+0.2g FeCl3
有機重合体の溶液:
1g Brij58+2OgTHF
より詳しく述べると、HPCM−1のロッドは小片になるまで切断され(HPCM:直径4mm、膜厚1mm)、Ptによって装填/被膜された。
・Z.Yuan,R. J. Puddephatt, M. Sayer, in Chem.Mater.1993, 5, 908.
・J.V. Ryan, A. D. Berry, M. L. Anderson, J. W. Long, R. M. Stroud, V. M. Cepak, V. M. Browning, D. R. RoIi- son, C. I. Merzbacher, in Nature 2000, 406, 169.
したがって、順方向の酸化電流ピーク(If)対逆方向電流ピーク(Ib)の比、If/Ibは、汚染種Pt=C=Oに対する触媒の耐性を示す指標となる。その比が高いということは、触媒表面における汚染種が効果的に除去されていることを示している。HPCM−RuO2−Pt(図24を参照)のIf/Ib比は1.4であり、この値はHPCM−Pt(図23を参照)ca.0.8のものよりもはるかに高くなっており、HPCM−RuO2−Pt合成物の触媒耐性がはるかに優れていることを示している。
Claims (29)
- グラフェン積層体(2)を含み且つ各々第1及び第2の異なる細孔サイズ範囲内にある第1及び第2の細孔(6,8)を有する多孔性伝導カーボン物質であって、
前記第1細孔(6)は三次元の不規則形状をしており、相互接続されて前記カーボン物質を貫く移動経路を形成し、10μmから100nmまでの前記第1細孔サイズ範囲内のサイズを有し、
前記第2細孔(8)は隣接したグラフェン積層体(2)の間において画定されており、三次元の不規則形状をしており、相互接続されており、他の第2細孔を介して前記第1細孔に直接的又は間接的に通じており、3nm以上且つ100nm未満の前記第2細孔サイズ範囲内のサイズを有し、
前記第2細孔を画定する前記グラフェン積層体が前記第1細孔(6)の間に壁物質を形成していることを特徴とする多孔性伝導カーボン物質。 - 前記第2細孔(8)の50nmから3nmまでのサイズ範囲内のサイズを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記第1細孔(6)の5μmから500nmまでのサイズ範囲内のサイズを有することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 10μm以下のサイズを有する細孔を含む総細孔容積が、0.1cc/gから1.0cc/gまでの範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記総細孔容積が0.40cc/gから0.65cc/gまでの範囲内にあり、
前記第2細孔(8)の容積が0.35cc/gから0.55cc/gまでの範囲内にあり、
前記第1細孔の容積が0.05cc/gから0.lcc/gまでの範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。 - 前記第1細孔(6)の総細孔容積に対する前記第2細孔(8)の総細孔容積の割合が2から12までの範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 50m2/gから800m2/gまでの範囲内のBET表面を有する請求項1乃至6のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 0.3から0.01までの範囲内のH/C原子比率を有する請求項1乃至7のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質は600℃から1000℃までの範囲の温度にて熱処理されて、所望の秩序度を有する非黒鉛カーボンに転化すること特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質は非黒鉛カーボンの形態で存在し、
前記非黒鉛カーボンは2nmから30nmまでの範囲内の積層高さ及び2nmから8nmまでの範囲の横方向の延長値LAを有し且つ任意に指向された複数のグラフェン積層体を含み、
前記グラフェン積層体は互いに接触し、又は前記構造内に分布し且つ前記前記グラフェン積層体の間に存在するアモルファスカーボンによって離間されており、
前記アモルファスカーボンの総重量は前記グラフェン積層体に対して10%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。 - 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質は、分散された一時的な相を生成する多孔体を有するカーボンモノリス前駆体を炭化して、前記一時的な相を除去することによって形成されることによって、多孔性カーボンモノリスが形成され、
前記一時的な相は、第1及び第2のサイズ範囲内の粒子を含み、
前記第1のサイズ範囲は10μmから100nmまでであり、
前記第2のサイズ範囲は3nm以上且つ100nm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。 - 前記一時的な相はSiO2であり、化学溶解によって前記熱処理されたカーボンモノリス前駆体から除去されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記一時的な相はポリスチレンであり、気化により前記カーボンモノリス前駆体を炭化する間に除去されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質は、
有機溶媒中に少なくとも1つのカーボン前駆体と有機重合体とを含む混合物を製造し、
対応する形状体の粘着性又は高粘着性成分が得られまで前記溶媒を気化させ、
前記粘着性成分を形状体の形状となるように成型し、及び
前記形状体の前記成分を600℃から1000℃の温度まで加熱することによって製造されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。 - 前記カーボン前駆体はナフトール溶液であることを特徴とする請求項11乃至14のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記カーボン前駆体はメソ相ピッチであることを特徴とする請求項11乃至14のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記有機重合体はポリスチレンであることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 請求項1乃至17のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質のリチウムイオン電池の電極としての使用。
- 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質はカーボンモノリスの形態で存在することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
- 前記電極は前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質と結合剤との混合物を金属箔に貼り付けることによって製造されることを特徴とする請求項18又は19に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
- 前記結合剤に対する前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質の重量比は9対1であることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
- 前記結合剤はポリ(ビニールジフルオライド)であることを特徴とする請求項19又は請求項20に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
- 請求項1乃至22のいずれか1つによって特定される多孔性伝導カーボン物質を含む電極を有するリチウムイオン電池。
- 請求項1乃至22のいずれか1つによって特定される多孔性伝導カーボン物質を含むリチウムイオン電池の電極。
- 触媒によって搭載及び/又は被膜された請求項1乃至17のいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記触媒は白金(Pt)であることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 前記多孔性伝導カーボン物質は、触媒として白金(Pt)によって装填及び/又は被膜される前に、ルテニウム酸化物によって装填及び/又は被膜されることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質。
- 燃料電池のための請求項25乃至27のうちいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
- 検出器、反応器若しくはスーパーコンデンサの化学的、電気化学的、生物学的若しくは物理的デバイスの担体としての請求項1乃至17のうちいずれか1つに記載の多孔性伝導カーボン物質の使用。
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US20240009630A1 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2024-01-11 | The University Of Chicago | Porous and monolithic carbon membranes and their use |
JP2022120690A (ja) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-18 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 基板処理方法および基板処理装置 |
CN118026153B (zh) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-06-18 | 安徽科达新材料有限公司 | 一种纳米孔定向排列的多孔碳材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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US11114665B2 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2021-09-07 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Energy storage device and method for producing same |
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WO2007137794A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
US8164881B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
KR20090019870A (ko) | 2009-02-25 |
US20090269667A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP2038217A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
JP2009538813A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
EP2038218A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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WO2007137795A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
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