JP5161817B2 - Rooftop greening structure, evapotranspiration promotion system, and construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rooftop greening structure, an evapotranspiration promoting system, a rooftop greening method, and the like. In more detail, the water storage part formed on the installation surface of a roof, the water-permeable root-proof sheet laminated | stacked on the water storage part, and the planting part laminated | stacked on the water-permeable root-proof sheet are provided. Further, the present invention relates to a rooftop greening structure including a configuration for promoting evapotranspiration by planted plants by irrigating a water reservoir, an evapotranspiration promoting system, a rooftop greening method, and the like.

  Environmental impact is increasing due to mass production, mass consumption, mass disposal type society and lifestyle. As a result, there are concerns about global environmental changes such as global warming, and global or local environmental changes such as ozone holes, acid rain, abnormal weather, and heat island phenomena are becoming apparent.

  Many of these environmental changes are man-made and can also threaten human survival. Therefore, it is required to construct various mechanisms for reducing the environmental load in each field.

Global warming is a phenomenon in which the average temperature of the atmosphere and the ocean on the Earth's surface rises over the long term. It is considered that greenhouse gases (CO ₂ , methane, etc.) emitted with human industrial activities are the main cause.

  It has been pointed out that the rise in sea level, global or local abnormal weather, climate pattern changes, etc. may have been caused by rising temperatures and water temperatures. Therefore, efforts to mitigate and reduce global warming, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, are being promoted on a global scale.

  The heat island phenomenon is one of local environmental changes and is a phenomenon in which a certain region becomes hotter than its surrounding region. In recent years, the summer heat island phenomenon has become a problem, particularly in urban areas.

  In urban areas, many places are covered with concrete and asphalt, so when exposed to intense summer sunlight, the surface of the place becomes hot, and the air directly above the place is also warmed, raising the temperature. .

  This deteriorates the outdoor thermal environment in summer. In addition, the cooling load in a room or the like increases, energy consumption increases, and greenhouse gas emissions increase. In addition, local abnormal weather (such as torrential rain) is considered to be one of the major causes of the heat island phenomenon.

  Rooftop greening has been tried as one of the means to suppress the summer heat island phenomenon in urban areas, and it is spreading in many buildings including existing buildings. Rooftop greening is the planting of plants on the roof and rooftop of a building. By rooftop greening, it is said that it has heat island mitigation effect, air purification effect, landscape improvement effect, fire prevention / heat resistance effect for buildings, etc.

As related literature regarding rooftop greening, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a water storage device for planting equipment for growing plants on the rooftop of a building, and Patent Document 2 includes a rooftop greening system with an improved irrigation structure. Patent Document 3 describes a unit-type plant growing structure and a greening system in which it is adjacent.
JP 2005-198517 A JP 2003-143940 A JP 2006-101812 A

  The main object of the present invention is to provide a rooftop greening means that can reduce the environmental load more efficiently.

  The inventor of the present invention has newly found that the amount of evapotranspiration caused by plants can be maintained high and the evapotranspiration can be promoted by actively irrigating water in the rooftop greening system to maintain the soil moisture content.

  Based on this new knowledge, as a configuration that maximizes the effect of promoting evapotranspiration, the present invention is a rooftop greening structure installed on a roof with a drainage gradient, and a water storage section formed on the installation surface of the roof And a water-permeable root-preventing sheet laminated on the water storage part, and a planting part laminated on the water-permeable root-proof sheet, and the water storage part has a drainage gradient on the installation surface of the rooftop. One or a plurality of water storage rim members installed in a substantially vertical direction, and the area other than the water storage rim installation area is covered on the rooftop installation surface, and the water storage rim installation area is covered with the edge material. A water shielding sheet laid so as to be worn, a bottom raising member installed on the water shielding sheet in an area other than the area where the water storage rim material is installed, and an irrigation means for supplying water to the water reservoir. Equipped with a water conveyance belt material that pumps the water stored in the water storage part to the water-permeable root-proof sheet It is to provide a green roof structure is.

  Urban heat island phenomenon occurs mainly in summer. For example, evapotranspiration by planted plants can be promoted by adopting this rooftop greening structure and actively irrigating the water reservoir in the summer. Therefore, the heat island phenomenon in summer can be suppressed in urban areas due to the heat of vaporization caused by evapotranspiration, and the environmental load can be reduced.

  In seasons other than summer, most of the water necessary for the growth and maintenance of planted plants can be covered by rainwater stored in the water reservoir. Therefore, since rainwater can be used effectively and the amount of clean water used can be reduced, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced and the environmental load can be reduced.

  In order to promote evapotranspiration by plants, it is important to be able to accurately grasp the amount of soil moisture in the planting part. In this invention, while separating a planting part and a water storage part using a water-permeable root-proof sheet | seat, while providing a water storage part under a planting part, the water stored in a water storage part using a water conveyance belt | band | zone material The water-permeable root-proof sheet is pumped up and water is supplied to the planting part. Therefore, for example, the soil water amount can be estimated relatively easily by measuring the amount of water stored in the water storage unit by means of a water level measuring means or the like, so that it is easy to determine whether or not to perform irrigation in summer. That is, the structure according to the present invention is suitable for promoting evapotranspiration by irrigation.

  In this invention, a planting part and a water storage part are isolate | separated using a water-permeable root-proof sheet, and water is stored using the edge material for water storage, and a water-impervious sheet. The water-permeable root-preventing sheet prevents plant roots and the like from entering the water reservoir and occupying the water reservoir. Thereby, the amount of stored water can be secured and maintained, and the water circulation space can be secured, so that the water circulation can be maintained. In addition, the configuration in which water is stored using the water storage edge increases the water storage efficiency. Therefore, the structure which concerns on this invention is a structure which improves the circulation property and water storage efficiency of water, and is suitable for promotion of evapotranspiration by irrigation.

  In this invention, the irrigation means which supplies water to a water storage part is provided. Therefore, the structure according to the present invention is configured to be able to supply water directly to the water reservoir when the soil moisture content is reduced, and is suitable for promoting evapotranspiration by irrigation.

  In the present invention, since water is directly irrigated in the water reservoir, irrigation loss and irrigation unevenness can be suppressed when actively irrigating in summer or the like than when irrigating from above the planting part. Therefore, the structure according to the present invention is suitable for reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with reducing the amount of clean water used, and is suitable for promoting evapotranspiration due to irrigation.

  In addition, since the water-retaining root sheet is raised by the bottom raising member to secure the water reservoir, an air layer is formed on the upper side of the water reservoir in addition to the water reservoir. Therefore, the formation of an air layer can prevent plant root rot and promote plant growth.

  In addition, a water-conducting belt material that pumps up the water stored in the water storage part to the water-permeable root-preventing sheet is installed, so that water can be directly irrigated not on the planting part but on the water storage part. Thereby, since water is supplied from the bottom side as much as the soil is dry, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of plant root rot and disease.

  In the structure which concerns on this invention, you may provide the drainage means which drains the water stored in a water storage part separately. For example, when a heavy rain is expected, the water stored in the water storage unit is drained in advance. And in the case of torrential rain, etc., the rainwater is stored in the water reservoir to an allowable amount. Thereby, in addition to the time for the rainwater to pass through the soil of the planting part, the drainage time of the rainwater can be delayed by the time until the water storage part becomes full. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load of the city sewer in the case of heavy rain.

  The present invention can reduce the environmental load more efficiently.

<About the rooftop greening structure according to the present invention>
The rooftop greening structure according to the present invention is a rooftop greening structure that is installed on a roof with a drainage gradient. It is a rooftop greening structure that can maintain high and promote evapotranspiration. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following description.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a rooftop greening structure according to the present invention.

  The rooftop greening structure A in FIG. 1 includes a water storage section 1 formed on a building rooftop surface B (including a case where a root-proof sheet B1 and the like are laid on the surface B), and a water reservoir It has the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2 laminated | stacked on the part 1, and the planting part 3 laminated | stacked on the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2. FIG. In addition, the code | symbol 4 is a curb surrounding this rooftop greening structure.

  The water storage unit 1 includes one or a plurality of water storage edge members 11 installed on the roof installation surface B in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient, and an area other than the installation area of the water storage edge material 11 (reference numeral R1). ) On the rooftop installation surface B, the water shielding sheet 12 laid so as to cover the edge material 11 in the installation area (reference numeral R2) of the water storage edge material 11, and the water storage edge material 11 The bottom raising member 13 installed on the water-impervious sheet 12 in a region (reference numeral R1) other than the installation region is provided with irrigation means (described later) for supplying water to the water reservoir.

  The water storage rim material 11 forms an area for storing water by being installed under the water shielding sheet 12 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient. It is necessary to install at least one downstream of the drainage gradient as the installation location, and the others are installed approximately in parallel with the first edge material as necessary. Although the magnitude | size of the edge material 11 is not specifically limited, For example, about 50 mm (20 mm-150 mm) is suitable for both length and width. The length may be adjusted to the length of the rooftop greening structure perpendicular to the drainage gradient.

  The space | interval which installs the edge material 11 for water storage can be set suitably by the objective and a use. In general, when the water storage rim 11 is increased, the amount of stored water is increased, and when it is decreased, the amount of stored water is decreased and the air layer is increased. Considering cost performance and ease of construction, for example, it is preferable to install a water storage edge at intervals of 1 to 3 m, and an interval of 1.5 to 2 m is more preferable.

  The material of the water storage edge 11 is not particularly limited, but a material that can withstand a constantly moist environment is preferable. In addition, a material that has a strength that can withstand weight pressure, water pressure, and the like, and that has little deterioration over time is more preferable. For example, a thermoplastic resin (for example, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin, etc.) can be used.

  The water-impervious sheet 12 forms an area in which water is stored by laying on the entire installation surface B on the roof. In an area other than the installation area of the water storage rim material 11 (reference numeral R1), it is laminated on the installation surface B of the roof, and in the installation area of the water storage rim material 11 (reference numeral R2), the edge material 11 is covered. Lay like so. In order to be able to store water in the vicinity of the installation area (reference numeral R2) of the water storage rim material 11, in particular, in the area (reference numeral R1) other than the installation area of the storage water rim material 11, there is no contact. Then, it is preferable to lay and stick the water shielding sheet 12 on the installation surface B.

  Although the material of the water-impervious sheet 12 is not particularly limited, the material needs to be a material that does not transmit continuous rainwater and is preferably a material that can withstand a constantly humid environment. In addition, a material that has a strength that can withstand weight pressure, water pressure, and the like, and that has little deterioration over time is more preferable. For example, a sheet of a thermoplastic resin (for example, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl acetate resin) can be used.

  The bottom raising member 13 is installed on the water-impervious sheet 12 in a region other than the installation region of the water storage rim material 11 (symbol R1), and supports the water-permeable root-preventing sheet 2 and the planting portion 3 thereon. A water reservoir 1 is formed.

  By raising the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2 and the like with the bottom raising member 13, a water reservoir 14 and an upper air layer 15 are formed in the water reservoir 1. With this configuration, plant root rot can be prevented, and plant growth can be promoted.

  The bottom raising member 13 is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the weight pressure of the water-permeable root-preventing sheet 2 and the planting part 3 thereabove and can form a space in which water can circulate. .

  The material of the bottom raising member 13 is not particularly limited, but a material having a strength that can withstand weight pressure and the like and that can withstand a constantly humid environment is preferable. Moreover, a material with little deterioration over time is more preferable. For example, a thermoplastic resin (for example, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin, etc.) can be used.

  The water-permeable root-preventing sheet 2 separates the water storage part 1 and the planting part 3 and prevents the roots of the planted plant 31 from entering the water storage part 1. Moreover, rainwater is poured from the planting part 3 to the water storage part 1 through the water-permeable root-prevention sheet 2.

  Although the material of the water-permeable root prevention sheet 2 is not specifically limited, What has a water permeability and the intensity | strength which prevents the penetration | invasion of a root is good. In addition, a material that can withstand a constantly moist environment and has little deterioration over time is more preferable. For example, water-permeable synthetic resin sheets (for example, polyethylene sheets, polypropylene sheets, polyvinyl chloride sheets, etc.), non-woven fabrics (for example, aramid fibers, glass fibers, nylon fibers, vinylon fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, rayon fibers, An ethylene vinyl acetate resin, a synthetic rubber, a nylon resin, etc., or a combination thereof) can be used.

  The water guide strip 21 pumps the water stored in the water storage unit 1 to the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2. By immersing one end of the water guide strip in the water stored in the water storage unit 1, the water is sucked up by the capillary phenomenon, and the water is supplied to the soil through the water-permeable root-preventing sheet 2. With this configuration, water can be supplied to the soil from below.

  Although the shape etc. of the water conveyance belt | band | zone material 21 are not specifically limited, From viewpoints, such as easiness of installation, the thing of strip shape or a sheet form is suitable. The material is not particularly limited as long as it has a function capable of pumping water by capillary action, and a material that can withstand a constantly moist environment and has little deterioration over time is more preferable. For example, non-woven fabrics / woven fabrics of special fibers (synthetic fibers such as nylon, vinylon, polyester, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane) can be used.

  The planting part 3 is a part laminated | stacked on the water-permeable root prevention sheet 2, and is comprised from the soil layer 31, the mulching material 32, the planting plant 33, etc. FIG.

  The soil which comprises the soil layer 31 can use what was suitable according to the objective and the use. Generally, when greening a building roof, there is a load limitation, and thus the entire roof greening structure needs to be lightweight. Therefore, it is preferable to select an artificial lightweight soil that is superior in water retention and air permeability than natural soil. As the artificial lightweight soil, for example, pearlite type, volcanic gravel type, organic type, new material type, etc. can be used.

  The mulching material 32 is a material that covers the roots of plants for the purpose of suppressing moisture evaporation from the soil surface, inhibiting weed intrusion, preventing soil scattering, and the like. As the mulching material 32, a material suitable for the purpose and application can be used. For example, bark compost, bark chips, wood chips, bark fibers, etc. as organic mulching materials, volcanic gravel, brick crushed stone, bean gravel, artificial lightweight aggregate, special paper, weed prevention Sheets can be used.

  The planted plant 33 is planted on the soil layer 31 in accordance with the purpose and application. Although the plant 33 to plant is not specifically limited, For example, the following are mentioned.

  Examples of dicotyledonous plants of 1 and 2 years include, for example, Alyssum (Brassicaceae), Impatiens (Coleoptera), Astragalus (Asterenaceae), Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae), Celosia (Amaranthaceae), Coleus (Lamiaceae), Periwinkle (Oleander), Pansy (Violetaceae), Begonia (Chrysantaceae), Marigold (Asteraceae), Petunia (Asteraceae), Marigold (Asteraceae), Torenia (Apiaceae), Begonia sempaflorence (Pleurotus) )Such.

  For example, Arctoseca calendula (Asteraceae), Agapanthus africanus (Agiaceae), Achillea (Asteraceae), Ajuga reptans (Lamiaceae), Astilbe (Yukinositaidae), Anemone ( (Asteraceae), Iwadaresou (Eurasianaceae), Eligeron (Asteraceae), Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae), Oregano (Lamiaceae), Gaura (Avocaana), Gazania (Asteraceae), Asteraceae (Asteraceae), Peacock Aster ( Asteraceae), Christmas Rose (Ranunculaceae), Clover (Leguminosae), Salvia (Lamiaceae), Shibazakura (Hanashinobidae), Shasta Daisy (Asteraceae), Sphagnum (Ranunculaceae), Shirotaegiku (Asteraceae), Sekisho (Araceae), Dianthus (Nadesicoaceae), Tsuwabuki (Kiku) ), Touteiran (Lepidoptera), Verbena (Coleoptera), Hanatranoo (Lamiaceae), Potentilla (Rosaceae), Miyakowase (Asteraceae), Mints (Lamiaceae), Nodahagi (Leguminosae), Liriopus daisy (Asteraceae) ), Artemisia (Asteraceae), Lavender (Lamiaceae), Rishimakia (Primula), Rudbeckia (Asteraceae), etc.

  Perennial and perennial monocotyledonous plants include, for example, Azuma Nesasa (Poaceae), Omezasa (Poaceae), Oroshimachiku (Poaceae), Kasuge (Polygonaceae), Lichenaceae (Lilyaceae), Kiboushi (Lilyaceae), Korai Shiba (Polyaceae) Gramineae), Kokumazasa (Poaceae), German Iris (Iridaceae), Silane (Orchidaceae), Susuki (Poaceae), Chigaya (Poaceae), New Sailan (Lilyaceae), Nosiba (Poaceae), Nosilane (Poaceae) Lily), Yablanc (Lilyaceae), Ribbongrass (Poaceae), Ryunogige (Lilyaceae), Lemongrass (Poaceae).

  Other perennial and perennial grasses include, for example, Chlamygo moss (Camelidaceae), Tokusa (Cultivaceae).

  Examples of monocotyledonous bulbous plants include, for example, narcissus (Apiaceae), tamasdare (Apiaceae), Hananilla (Lilyaceae), Apiaceae (Apiaceae), Muscari (Lilyaceae), and Montbretia (Iridaceae).

  Examples of dicotyledonous succulent plants include sedums (eg, Mannengusa, Prunusaceae), porchuraca (Pursaceae), pineweed (Prunus), and Misebaya (Papaveraceae).

  Examples of dicotyledonous deciduous plants include, for example, licorice (Leguminosae), Shimotsuke (Rosaceae), Hagi (Leguminosae), Utsugi (Yukinosidae), Odemari (Rhizopusaceae), Viburnum (Rhizopusaceae), Kodemari (Rubiaceae) , Crocodile (Hydropodaceae), Baikakutsugi (Yukinosidae), Murasakikikibu (Kuenenaceae), Barberry (Plumbaceae), Yamabuki (Rosaceae), Yukiyanagi (Rosaceae), Forsythia (Coleaceae), etc.

  Examples of dicotyledonous deciduous plants such as American wild bovine (Cirsaceae), cherry (Rosaceae), crape myrtle (Apiaceae), maple (Aceraceae), and the like.

  Examples of dicotyledonous trees of evergreen cover trees include Thymus (Lamiaceae), Periwinkle (Oleander), Fuchsia (Pursaceae), and the like.

  As a gymnosperm of an evergreen cover tree, for example, American hyacinth (Cypressaceae), Hynes (Cypressaceae), Hibiscus (Cypressaceae), etc.

  Examples of shrub dicotyledonous plants include Aoki (Akiaceae), Abelia (Rhizopusaceae), Omurasaki Azalea (Azalea), Otafukunanten (Apiaceae), Oleander (Asteraceae), Kinshibei (Aperaceae), Gardenia ( (Rubiaceae), Cotoneaster (Rosaceae), Satsuki (Azalea), Sharinbai (Rosaceae), Chrysanthemum (Rhinoceros), Iwananten (Azalea), Swanfish (Rubiaceae), Holly Nanten (Raceae), Cyprinus (Camellia) Family), Pyracantha (Rosaceae), Boxwood (Parusaceae), Manryo (Plumbaceae), Lantana (Purperaceae), Rosemary (Peramidaceae), Ronicera Nichida (Housepaceae).

  Examples of shrub-type gymnosperms include Niitaka juniper (Cypressaceae), Fitzeria navijacin (Cypressaceae), and the like.

  Examples of dicotyledonous plants of evergreen middle and high trees are, for example, Japanese boxwood (Lepidoptera), Camellia (Japanese camellia), Masaki (Ericaceae), and the like.

  As an evergreen middle-high tree gymnosperm, for example, Arizonite cedar (Cypressaceae), Italian cypress (Cypressaceae), yew (Circusaceae), Konotegashira (Cypressaceae), Colorado juniper (Cypressaceae), Sawara (Cypressaceae), cedar (Cryptomeriaceae), Coleoptera (Pinusaceae), Spurges (Pinaceae), Spruce (Pinaceae), Nymphaea (Pinusceae), Prunus (Pinusceae), Cypress (Pinusceae), Cedar (Pine) Family), juniper (Cypressaceae), persimmons (Asteraceae), metasequoia (Ceraceae), fir (Pinaceae), Monterey Cypress (Cypressaceae), raccoon (Ceraceae), Leyland cypress (Cypressaceae).

  Among these plants, herbaceous plants (1.2 annuals, perennials, perennials) or deciduous trees are preferable as the planting plant 33 from the viewpoint of a large amount of evapotranspiration in summer. Since the amount of evapotranspiration is larger when the leaf surface area is larger, dicotyledonous plants are more preferable in view of the large amount of leaves.

  The total thickness of the rooftop greening structure varies depending on the purpose and application and is not limited to a narrow range. For example, considering the load weight, cost performance, ease of construction, etc., the thickness of the water storage part is around 5 cm (2 cm to 10 cm), the heat of the planting part 3 is around 10 cm (5 cm to 15 cm), the overall thickness A length of about 15 cm (7 cm to 25 cm) is preferable.

<About the irrigation route of the rooftop greening structure according to the present invention>
The irrigation route of the rooftop greening structure and the configuration associated therewith according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the irrigation route of the rooftop greening structure according to the present invention.

  Generally, the rooftop of a building is provided with a height difference of about 1 to 3 cm with respect to a width of 100 cm in a specific direction (drainage gradient X) so that rainwater flows in a certain direction.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, when the water storage rim material 11 is installed on the installation surface B on the roof in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient X, water is stored on the upstream side of the drainage gradient X of the rim material 11. (Reference numeral 14). As described above, the stored water 14 is used for the growth of the plant through the water conveyance zone material.

  When the water becomes excessive due to rain or the like, each of the edge members 11 and 11 overflows (symbol Y) and flows downstream of the drainage gradient X, and is discharged from the pressure-resistant drainage plate 41 to the outside of the rooftop greening structure A ( Symbol Z).

  For example, the water supply means 16 is installed on the most upstream side of the drainage gradient X. For example, when the amount of stored water decreases in summer or the like, water is directly supplied to the water storage unit 1 using the water supply means 16.

  For example, the water level measuring means 17 may be installed on the downstream side of the drainage gradient X. Thereby, the amount of water stored in the water reservoir can be managed.

  A known technique can be applied as the water level measuring means 17 and is not particularly limited. As a simple and low-cost means, for example, an electrode type water level sensor can be used.

  The water supply means 16 and the water level measurement means 17 are used to manage the soil moisture content, and by actively irrigating the water reservoir in the summer, evapotranspiration due to planted plants can be promoted. Therefore, the heat island phenomenon in summer can be suppressed in urban areas due to the heat of vaporization caused by evapotranspiration, and the environmental load can be reduced.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the irrigation route of the rooftop greening structure according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 3, the installation location of the rooftop greening structure is surrounded by the curbstone 4, and the water storage edge 11 is installed on the installation surface B of the roof in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient X. In FIG. 3, the water storage rim members 11, 11 are installed substantially in parallel on the most downstream side of the drainage gradient X and in the vicinity of the middle stream.

  The water supply means 16 is installed on the most upstream side of the drainage gradient X, and the water level measurement means 17 is installed on the most downstream side of the drainage gradient X. When the allowable amount of the water reservoir 1 is exceeded by rain water or irrigation by the water supply means 16, the water overflows the area of the rim material 11 (symbol Y) and flows downstream of the drainage gradient X, outside the rooftop greening structure A Is discharged.

  The drainage means 18 may be provided on the side wall portion positioned in the direction perpendicular to the drainage gradient X on the upstream side of the drainage gradient X in the vicinity of the installation location of the water storage edge member 11. By providing the drainage means 18 at this location, the water stored in the water storage unit 1 can be discharged (symbol D), and the stored water can be made almost empty.

  About the installation method etc. of the drainage means 18, a well-known method can be utilized and it does not specifically limit. For example, a through-hole is provided in the installation site of the drainage means 18 of the water shielding sheet, and a drainage pipe is installed therein so that it can be opened and closed by a solenoid valve or a cock.

  For example, when a heavy rain is expected, the electromagnetic valve is opened before the water stored in the water storage unit 1 is drained in advance, and the solenoid valve is closed in the case of a heavy rain, The rainwater is stored in the water storage part up to an allowable amount. Thereby, in addition to the time for the rainwater to pass through the soil of the planting part, the drainage time of the rainwater can be delayed by the time until the water storage part becomes full. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load of the city sewer in the case of heavy rain.

<About the evapotranspiration promotion system according to the present invention>
By irrigating the water reservoir 1 positively using the above-described rooftop greening structure in summer, evapotranspiration due to planted plants can be promoted.

  Urban heat island phenomenon occurs mainly in summer. For example, evapotranspiration by planted plants can be promoted by adopting this rooftop greening structure and actively irrigating the water reservoir in the summer. Therefore, the heat island phenomenon in summer can be suppressed in urban areas due to the heat of vaporization caused by evapotranspiration, and the environmental load can be reduced.

<About the rooftop greening method according to the present invention>
The rooftop greening method according to the present invention includes at least the following five steps.

(1) One or a plurality of water storage rim members 11 are installed on the installation surface B on the roof in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient, and the rooftop is in a region other than the region where the water storage rim members 11 are installed (reference numeral R1). On the installation surface B, a water shielding sheet 12 is laid so as to cover the edge material 11 in the installation area (reference numeral R2) of the water storage edge 11, and other than the installation area of the water storage edge material 11 The step of installing the bottom raising member 13 on the water-impervious sheet 12 in the region (reference R1), and forming the water reservoir 1 by at least three steps as described above,
(2) a step of installing irrigation means 16 for supplying water to the water storage unit 1;
(3) A step of laminating the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2 on the water storage unit 1,
(4) A step of installing a water guide belt member 21 for pumping water stored in the water storage unit 1 to the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2;
(5) The process of laminating the planting part 3 on the water-permeable root-proof sheet 2.

  In addition to these, a water level measuring means 17 or a draining means 18 may be installed. These installations are performed in the same process as the irrigation means 16.

  The irrigation means 16 and the water level measurement means 17, for example, after placing the water shielding sheet 12, secure a communication to the water storage unit 1 by placing a vinyl chloride pipe or the like at an installation location on the water shielding sheet 12. Install in the pipe. And the water-permeable root-proof sheet | seat 2 and the planting part 3 are laminated | stacked in the state which opened the pipe part so that the irrigation means 16 and the water level measurement means 17 can be operated after rooftop greening completion.

  For example, after the water shielding sheet 12 is laid, the drainage means 18 is installed on the water shielding sheet 12 (on the upstream side of the drainage gradient X in the vicinity of the installation location of the water storage rim material 11, in the direction perpendicular to the drainage gradient X). A through hole is provided in the side wall portion), and a drain pipe is installed there, so that it can be opened and closed with a solenoid valve or a cock. At the same time, a vinyl chloride pipe or the like is placed at the installation location to ensure contact with the water storage unit 1 so that the solenoid valve can be opened and closed even after the rooftop greening is completed.

  In Example 1, the evapotranspiration amount of each plant was measured.

  In the artificial meteorological chamber (manufactured by Nippon Medical Instrumentation Co., Ltd.), cultivating mannengusa, ginseng grass, gazania, petunia, and verbena, and measuring planter weight with an electronic balance once a day to obtain the difference The amount of evapotranspiration was calculated.

  The weather environment in the artificial weather room was set to the following conditions assuming a typical summer sunny day. Illuminance: 30,000 lux, artificial light on time: 14 hours a day (lights off time: 10 hours), light period temperature and humidity: 30 ° C 65% (assuming summer daytime), dark period temperature Humidity: 25 ° C, 70% (assuming summer nighttime).

  A pearlite artificial lightweight culture degree was put into a planter having a length of 15 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a height of 20 cm (10 cm in the case of Mannengusa and Goryeo grass), and each plant was planted in the planter. On the first day of measurement, water is sufficiently irrigated from the bottom of the planter until the excess water comes out, and the evapotranspiration per day is calculated every day from the next day, and the measurement is continued until the evapotranspiration reaches 0 or until the plant is withered. .

The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the amount of evapotranspiration of each plant for each elapsed day. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed, and the vertical axis represents the amount of evapotranspiration (L / m ² ) per day. Each broken line represents a change in the amount of evapotranspiration when cultivating Mannengusa, Ginseng, Gazania, Petunia, and Verbena, respectively. “Soil only” represents the change in evapotranspiration measured under the same conditions without growing plants (control).

  As shown in FIG. 4, in each plant, the number of days passed, the water content of the soil decreased, and the amount of evapotranspiration per day decreased. This result suggests that the amount of evapotranspiration of each plant can be maintained by maintaining a certain amount of soil water content in summer.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the evapotranspiration of the succulent plant (Mannengusa) was almost the same as that of the soil alone, whereas the grass family plant (Korean turf) evapotranspiration even when the water content of the soil decreased. Dicotyledons other than succulent plants (Gazania, Petunia, Verbena) had high evapotranspiration, and evapotranspiration decreased rapidly with the decrease in soil water content. This result suggests that the plant evapotranspiration can be maintained at a high level by planting a plant with a large amount of evapotranspiration and maintaining a constant water content in the soil in summer.

  In Example 2, each plant was cultivated with watering in the summer of 2007 and 2008, and the daily evapotranspiration of these plants was measured.

  On the rooftop of a three-story concrete building (the height of the rooftop is about 16m above the ground), a heat insulating material is laid, an electronic balance is installed on top of it, and 40cm long and 40cm wide through the heat insulating material. Mounts a measuring planter with a height of 20 cm (10 cm for Mannengusa and Koroshiba, 30 cm for water only), and four planters for buffer measuring 70 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 50 cm in height. An experimental rooftop greening device having a length of 1 m and a width of 1 m was prepared.

  Perlite-type artificial lightweight culture soil was put in the planter for measurement, and Mannengusa, Ginseng, Gazania, and Petunia were grown. As a control group, those containing only soil and those containing only water were prepared.

  The rooftop greening weight was measured with an electronic balance, the measurement data was recorded at 10 minute intervals with a data logger, and the difference in rooftop greening weight was obtained to calculate the amount of evapotranspiration. Data was acquired from the day after the rainy season in July to September 23. Rainy days and irrigation days were excluded from the data due to the effects of water inflow and outflow. In addition, changes in weight due to carbon fixation and soil scattering were negligibly small compared to the amount of evapotranspiration.

The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amount of evapotranspiration per day for each plant. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the daily evapotranspiration (L / m ² ). Each bar represents the amount of evapotranspiration per day when Mannengusa, Ginseng, Gazania, and Petunia are grown from the left. “Control zone (soil only)” shows the result when measured under the same conditions without growing plants (control), “Water surface” shows the result when measured only under the same conditions without water. Respectively. “Medium point” and its numerical value represent an average value, and upper and lower error bars and its numerical value represent a value obtained by adding or subtracting a standard deviation from the average value.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the evapotranspiration per day was higher in all plants than in the case of soil alone. This result shows that the amount of evapotranspiration can be maintained high and the evapotranspiration can be promoted by actively irrigating in the summer to maintain the water content in the soil. That is, it is effective in suppressing the heat island phenomenon in summer in urban areas.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, in the herbaceous plants (Gazania, Petunia), the amount of evapotranspiration per day was higher than that measured when only water was added. This result shows that when plants with high evapotranspiration are planted and water is actively irrigated in the summer to maintain the moisture content in the soil, the evapotranspiration per day is higher than when water is sprayed. It can be further increased, indicating that evapotranspiration can be promoted. That is, it is particularly effective for suppressing the heat island phenomenon in summer in urban areas.

The cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the example of the rooftop greening structure which concerns on this invention. The cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the irrigation path | route of the rooftop greening structure which concerns on this invention. The plane schematic diagram which shows the irrigation path | route of the rooftop greening structure which concerns on this invention. In Example 1, the graph which shows the change for every elapsed days of the amount of evapotranspiration of each plant. In Example 2, the graph which shows the amount of evapotranspiration per day of each plant.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water storage part 11 Water storage edge 12 Water-impervious sheet 13 Bottom raising member 16 Irrigation means 17 Water level measurement means 18 Drainage means 2 Permeable root prevention sheet 21 Water conveyance zone material 3 Planting part 31 Soil 32 Mulching material 33 Plant 4 Curb stone A Rooftop greening structure B Rooftop installation surface

Claims (6)

It is a rooftop greening structure installed on a rooftop with a drainage gradient,
A water storage part formed on the installation surface of the roof, a water-permeable root-preventing sheet laminated on the water storage part, and a planting part laminated on the water-permeable root-preventing sheet,
The water reservoir is
One or a plurality of water storage rim members installed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient on the installation surface of the roof;
A water shielding sheet laid on the rooftop installation surface in an area other than the installation area of the water storage rim material, and so as to be in a state of covering the edge material in the installation area of the water storage edge material;
A bottom raising member that is installed on the water-impervious sheet in an area other than the installation area of the water storage edge;
Irrigation means for supplying water to the water reservoir,
A rooftop greening structure in which a water guide belt for pumping water stored in the water storage section to the water-permeable root-preventing sheet is installed.   The roof greening structure according to claim 1, wherein a water level measuring means is installed in the water storage section. The rooftop greening structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an air layer is formed on an upper layer side of the water storage unit. The rooftop greening structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a drainage means for draining water stored in the water storage section is provided. An evapotranspiration accelerating system that includes the rooftop greening structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and promotes evapotranspiration by a planted plant by irrigating the water reservoir. A rooftop greening method on a rooftop with a drainage gradient,
(1) One or more water storage rim materials are installed on the installation surface of the roof in a direction substantially perpendicular to the drainage gradient,
In a region other than the installation area of the water storage rim, on the installation surface of the roof, laying a water shielding sheet so as to cover the rim material in the installation area of the water storage rim,
A bottom raising member is installed on the water shielding sheet in an area other than the installation area of the water storage edge,
As mentioned above, the process of forming a water storage part by at least three steps,
(2) installing irrigation means for supplying water to the water reservoir;
(3) laminating a water-permeable root-proof sheet on the water reservoir;
(4) installing a water guide belt for pumping water stored in the water storage section to the water-permeable root-proof sheet;
(5) a step of laminating a planting part on the water-permeable root-proof sheet;
Rooftop greening method including at least.