JP5133157B2 - Photoelectric smoke detector - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a housing having a plurality of wall portions that allow external smoke to flow in and block external light, a light emitting portion that irradiates light inside the housing, and scattering by smoke flowing into the housing. The present invention relates to a photoelectric smoke detector provided with a light receiving portion for detecting light.

  As prior art document information related to this type of photoelectric smoke detector, there is Patent Document 1 shown below. The photoelectric smoke detector described in Patent Document 1 can detect smoke by detecting scattered light formed by smoke using a light receiving unit when smoke enters the housing. In order to prevent erroneous detection due to light entering from the outside, the housing is provided with a plurality of labyrinth-like walls that allow smoke from the outside to flow in and block light from the outside. In addition, an insect screen is also installed on the wall to prevent false detection due to insect entry.

JP-A-9-231485 (Claim 1, paragraph 0013, FIG. 1, FIG. 4)

  However, in the photoelectric smoke detector described in Patent Document 1, since fine dust sometimes enters between the labyrinth-like wall portion and the insect screen mesh to form scattered light, false detection still occurs. There was a case.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric smoke detector that is unlikely to be erroneously detected due to the entry of dust or the like in view of the drawbacks of the conventional photoelectric smoke detector exemplified above.

The photoelectric smoke detector having the first characteristic configuration of the present invention is:
A housing having a plurality of walls that allow smoke from the outside to flow in and block light from the outside;
A light emitting unit for irradiating light inside the housing;
A light receiving unit for detecting scattered light from smoke flowing into the housing;
A pocket portion disposed on at least a part of the inner surfaces of the plurality of wall portions to capture dust that has entered the housing, and
Between the at least two wall portions adjacent to the pocket portion, an airflow guide mechanism for guiding an airflow flowing into the housing from the outside and an airflow discharged to the outside of the housing is formed. ,
The plane including the axis of the light-emitting part and the axis of the light-receiving part is configured so that the pocket part and the airflow guide mechanism are positioned below the housing in an arbitrary installation state along the wall surface of the building. Has been
The wall portion constituting the pocket portion extends along the outer periphery of the housing, and a first extension portion extends from one end along the circumferential direction of the wall main body in the inner diameter direction of the housing. And a second extension portion extending in the inner diameter direction from the other end along the circumferential direction of the wall body,
The first extension is extended at an acute angle with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the housing;
The second extension portion further includes a base end portion extending substantially perpendicular to the inner diameter direction from the other end of the wall main body, and a distance from the first extension portion from the inner end direction end portion of the base end portion. And an intermediate portion extending in an inclined manner and a flange-like portion extending left and right from the end portion in the inner diameter direction of the intermediate portion .

In the photoelectric smoke detector according to the first characteristic configuration of the present invention, the pocket portion and the airflow guide mechanism are arranged in an arbitrary installation state in which a plane including the axis of the light emitting portion and the axis of the light receiving portion is along the wall surface of the building. Is configured to be positioned below the inside of the housing, so that most of the dust that enters the housing and gradually settles downward due to its own weight inside the housing can be captured by the pocket portion. It is easy to reliably suppress dust soaring by the airflow guide mechanism.
In the photoelectric smoke detector according to the first characteristic configuration of the present invention, even if dust enters the housing, the dust is captured by the pocket portion arranged on the inner surface of the wall portion. In addition, the airflow flowing into the housing from the outside is guided by the back surface of the intermediate portion and the outer diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion, and bypasses the bottom surface of the pocket portion. It is guided radially inward by the intermediate portion of the wall adjacent to the side and the inner diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion, and proceeds to the vicinity of the smoke detection region. That is, it is possible to suppress the possibility that dust accumulated on the bottom surface of the pocket portion is swept up by the airflow due to the airflow flowing from the outside to the inside of the housing, reaches the smoke detection area, and causes false detection .

On the other hand, the airflow discharged from the housing is smoothly discharged from the housing along the first extension that extends at an acute angle with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the housing. Therefore, the dust trapped in the pocket portion is also reliably carried by this air flow. That is, the airflow flowing out from the inside of the housing is first guided along the inner surface shape of the bottom surface of the pocket portion while being guided by the outer diameter side portion of the flange-like portion from the gap between the flange-like portions adjacent to each other. Proceed to scoop up what is on the bottom. The air flow then escapes from the pocket portion along the first extension portion, and is guided by the intermediate portion of the wall portion adjacent to the other side in the circumferential direction of the housing and the back portion of the base end portion, while the distal end of the first extension portion. By wrapping around the portion and being discharged to the outside of the housing, the dust collected on the bottom surface of the pocket portion is positively carried out and discharged to the outside. Therefore, the amount of dust accumulated in the pocket portion is always easily kept small, and the possibility of erroneous detection due to dust rising is further suppressed.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, a case will be described in which the present invention is applied to the smoke detector 2 of the fire alarm device 1 which is assumed to be used by being mounted on the most common indoor vertical wall surface in a wall-mounted manner.

  The fire alarm device 1 exemplified here, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, notifies the smoke detection unit 2 that detects smoke, and the detection of smoke by an alarm sound such as voice or buzzer. An alarm speaker unit 3 and an alarm lamp 4 for notifying the detection by lighting or blinking of light by an LED or the like are provided. The smoke detection unit 2 includes a cylindrical housing 21. When the smoke detector 2 detects smoke, the fire alarm 1 determines, for example, whether the smoke concentration is higher or lower than a preset threshold value, and determines that a fire occurs when the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold value. Then, the alarm speaker 3 and the alarm lamp 4 are activated. The activated alarm speaker 3 and alarm lamp 4 can be stopped by operating the alarm stop button 5. On the back of the fire alarm 1, there are provided an attachment part (not shown) for fixing the fire alarm 1 to a wall material, a battery storage part (not shown) for storing a battery for driving the fire alarm 1, etc. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a smoke detection chamber 22 that detects smoke is provided inside the housing 21. The housing 21 is provided with a plurality of bowl-shaped walls 23 so as to surround the smoke detection chamber 22. A large number of these wall-like wall portions 23 are juxtaposed via a gap portion such as a crank shape, so that external light does not enter the smoke sensing chamber 22 and smoke flows from the outside. The labyrinth structure which permits is formed. As shown in FIG. 1B, an insect screen 24 is provided outside the wall portion 23 to prevent erroneous detection due to insects entering the smoke sensing chamber 22.

  Inside the housing 21, there are provided a light emitting unit 25 that irradiates the smoke sensing chamber 22 with light such as near infrared rays, and a light receiving unit 26 that detects scattered light caused by smoke flowing into the smoke sensing chamber 22. The light emitting unit 25 includes a light emitting element 25D such as a light emitting diode as a light source, and a condenser lens 25L disposed in front of the light emitting element 25D. The light receiving unit 26 includes a light receiving element 26D such as a photodiode, and a condenser lens 26L disposed in front of the light receiving element 26D.

  Further, a reflection plate 27 that reflects part of the light emitted from the light emitting unit 25 mainly toward the smoke detection region 22 </ b> A is disposed to face the light emitting unit 25. The reflecting plate 27 is a mirror surface having a high reflectivity by polishing a rectangular resin surface with a No. 2000 compound.

  The light emitting unit 25 is arranged so that the optical axes of the light emitting element 25D and the condenser lens 25L are substantially horizontal. The light receiving unit 26 is disposed in a downward posture on the uppermost part inside the housing 21 so that the optical axes of the light receiving element 26D and the condenser lens 26L are substantially vertical. The optical axes of the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 intersect each other at about 90 ° at the approximate center of the smoke sensing chamber 22. The center of the reflecting plate 27 is disposed on the optical axis of the light emitting unit 25, but its reflecting surface is strictly directed downward (at an angle of 0.5 ° to 5 °) slightly from the horizontal direction. Therefore, the optical axes of the reflecting plate 27 and the light receiving unit 26 intersect slightly below the center of the smoke sensing chamber 22. The smoke detector 2 detects the presence of smoke by detecting scattered light generated when smoke enters the smoke detection area 22A that spreads around these intersections.

  By the way, when used as a wall-hanging type as in the present embodiment, that is, in a state where the plane including the axis of the light emitting unit 25 and the axis of the light receiving unit 26 is substantially along the vertical wall surface of the building, It is easy to enter the inside of the housing 21 from the gap. Therefore, as described above, by providing the light receiving element 26 above, entry of dust into the smoke sensing chamber 22 is suppressed. Further, the light receiving surface of the light receiving element 26 is directed downward to prevent dust from being deposited on the light receiving surface.

  As shown in FIG. 3, most of the wall-like wall portions 23 described above located in the lower half of the smoke sensing chamber 22 are a wall main body 34 extending along the outer periphery of the housing 21, and a clock of the wall main body 34. The first extension 35 extends in the inner diameter direction from the direction end, and the second extension 36 extends in the inner diameter direction from the counterclockwise end of the wall body 34. The first extension 35 extends in an inclined posture of about 45 ° with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the housing 21. The second extension 36 is further inclined to the right side of the drawing at an angle of about 30 ° from the base end 36a and a short base end 36a extending substantially perpendicular to the inner diameter direction from the counterclockwise end of the wall body 34. The intermediate portion 36b extends and the inclined flange-shaped portion 36c extends right and left from the front end of the intermediate portion 36b.

The wall main body 34 , the first extension portion 35, and the base end portion 36a of the second extension portion 36 cooperate with each other to form a bottomed cup-shaped pocket portion 23P opened to the inner diameter side. ing. The pocket portion 23P has a function of trapping and accumulating dust that has entered the housing 21 mainly through an upper gap at the bottom thereof. Since the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P is surrounded by the base end portion 36a of the first extension portion 35 and the second extension portion 36, dust accumulated at the bottom portion of the pocket portion 23P is caused by airflow in the housing 21 or vibration transmitted from the outside. There is little possibility of flying up inside the housing 21.

The base end portion 36a, the intermediate portion 36b, and the outer diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion 36c cooperate with each other to form a bottomed cup-shaped space, and the first extension portion of the wall portion 23 adjacent in the counterclockwise direction. By extending 35 toward this space, a first U-shaped channel is formed on the outer periphery of the first extension 35.
Similarly, the inner diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion 36c, the intermediate portion 36b, the base end portion 36a, the wall main body 34, and the first extension portion 35 also cooperate with each other to form a bottomed cup-shaped space. The outer diameter side portion of the flange-like portion 36c of the wall portion 23 adjacent to the direction extends so as to enter this space, so that the second U-shaped flow is provided on the outer periphery of the outer diameter-side portion of the flange-like portion 36c. A road is formed.
These two U-shaped flow paths are continuously connected to each other to form one reverse S-shaped labyrinth portion L.

  Generally, due to wind generated in the room where the fire alarm 1 is installed or a slight temperature difference between the inside and outside of the housing 21, the inside of the housing 21 is exposed to the outside through the gap between the plurality of wall portions 23. It is predicted that an airflow that is discharged toward the inside or an airflow that flows from the outside toward the inside is generated. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the results of simulation of these airflows by a computer.

  Among such airflows, the airflow flowing from the outside to the inside of the housing 21 is first counterclockwise with the base end portion 36a of one wall portion 23 as shown in the thick solid line of FIG. 3 and FIG. It enters the labyrinth portion L from between the first extension portions 35 of the adjacent wall portions 23. When passing through the labyrinth portion L, it is guided by the back surface of the intermediate portion 36b and the outer diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion 36c, and is continuously adjacent in the counterclockwise direction while bypassing the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P. It is guided radially inward by the intermediate portion 36b of the wall portion 23 and the inner diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion 36c, and proceeds to the vicinity of the smoke detection region 22A. In other words, the shape of the labyrinth portion L is to prevent a situation in which dust accumulated on the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P is swung up by the airflow flowing into the housing 21 from the outside to reach the smoke detection region 22A. Designed.

  Next, among the airflows, the airflow flowing from the inside of the housing 21 to the outside first enters the labyrinth portion L through the gap between the flange-like portions 36c adjacent to each other as shown in the broken line in FIG. 3 and FIG. To do. When passing through the labyrinth portion L, it is guided by the outer diameter side portion of the flange-shaped portion 36c, and proceeds so as to scoop up what is on the bottom surface along the shape of the inner surface of the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P. The air flow then escapes from the pocket portion 23P along the first extension portion 35 and is guided by the intermediate portion 36b of the wall portion 23 and the rear end portion of the base end portion 36a adjacent to each other in the clockwise direction. It goes around the tip and is discharged out of the housing 21. As described above, when the air flow advances along the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P, the dust collected on the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P is actively entrained and discharged to the outside.

  In this way, in other words, each part constituting the wall part 23 cooperates with each part constituting the adjacent wall part 23, and the airflow flowing into the housing 21 from the outside bypasses the pocket part 23P. At least a part of the airflow discharged to the outside of the housing 21 constitutes an airflow guide mechanism G that guides the airflow so as to flow along the bottom surface of the pocket portion 23P. The pocket portion 23 </ b> P and the airflow guide mechanism G are mainly disposed at a position centered on the lower side inside the housing 21.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a light shielding wall 28 that blocks direct light from the light emitting unit 25 toward the light receiving unit 26 is disposed between the light collecting unit 25 </ b> L of the light emitting unit 25 and the light collecting unit 26 </ b> L of the light receiving unit 26. It is provided. Therefore, the light emitted from the light emitting unit 25 and the reflecting plate 27 does not reach the light receiving element 26 as it is, and the light receiving element 26 receives only scattered light formed by smoke when smoke flows into the smoke sensing chamber 22. To come.

  In addition, since the light shielding wall 28 is positioned almost directly on the light receiving unit 26, the dust hardly accumulates on the light shielding wall 28 even when dust enters the smoke sensing chamber 22. Further, due to the effect that the optical axes of the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 and the optical axes of the reflecting plate 27 and the light receiving unit 26 intersect at about 90 °, the light shielding wall 28 is slightly smoke detection region. It is located outside 22 </ b> A and is sufficiently away from the axis of the light receiving unit 26. Therefore, even if dust accumulates on the light shielding wall 28, there is little possibility that scattered light formed by the dust is detected by the light receiving unit 26.

Incidentally, if the positional relationship between the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 is set so that the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 are opposed to each other such that the optical axes of the two are about 120 ° to 160 °, for example, Although the detection capability of the scattered light by the part 26 is enhanced, it is necessary to dispose the light shielding wall provided between them in the radial direction. As a result, the possibility of erroneous detection due to scattered light formed by dust accumulated on the light shielding wall increases.
Conversely, when the positional relationship between the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 is set so that the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 are in parallel, such that the optical axes of the two are about 50 ° to 70 °, for example. Since the light shielding wall provided between them can be arranged on the outer side in the radial direction, the possibility of erroneous detection due to scattered light formed by dust accumulated on the light shielding wall is reduced, but the scattered light is backscattered for the light receiving unit 26, so Detection capability is reduced.
That is, when the optical axes of the light emitting unit 25 and the light receiving unit 26 and the optical axes of the reflecting plate 27 and the light receiving unit 26 are set to intersect at about 90 ° as in the present embodiment, the light receiving unit 26 The scattered light detection capability due to the light can be sufficiently obtained, and the light shielding wall provided between them can be disposed relatively outside in the radial direction, so that the possibility of erroneous detection due to scattered light formed by dust accumulated on the light shielding wall can be suppressed.

  The reflecting plate 27 is realized by slightly deforming the flange-like portion 36c of the wall portion 23 disposed to face the light emitting portion 25 and making the inner surface thereof a mirror surface. A dust introduction path 30 is provided on the back surface of the reflecting plate 27 to connect the gap adjacent to the upper side and the space behind the reflecting plate without passing through the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate. The dust that has entered from the gap adjacent to the upper side of the reflecting plate 27 does not pass in front of the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate 27 and is reflected along the dust introduction path 30 as illustrated by a broken arrow in FIG. It is easy to be discharged to the outside from the back surface of 27 through the gap behind the reflection plate 27.

External view of a fire alarm equipped with a photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention FIG. 1 is a cutaway front view of a smoke detector provided in the photoelectric smoke detector of FIG. The enlarged view which shows the principal part of the smoke detection part of FIG. Schematic showing the path of airflow from outside to inside Schematic showing the path of airflow from inside to outside

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fire alarm 2 Smoke detection part 3 Alarm speaker part 4 Alarm lamp 21 Housing 22 Smoke detection room 22A Smoke detection area 23 Wall part 23P Pocket part 25 Light emission part 25D Light emission element 25L Condensing lens 26 Light reception part 26D Light reception element 26L Light collection Lens 27 Reflector 28 First light shielding wall 29 Second light shielding wall 30 Dust introduction path 34 Wall main body 35 First extension part 36 Second extension part 36a Base end part 36b Intermediate part 36c Flange-like part L Labyrinth part G Airflow guide mechanism

Claims (1)

A housing having a plurality of walls that allow smoke from the outside to flow in and block light from the outside;
A light emitting unit for irradiating light inside the housing;
A light receiving unit for detecting scattered light from smoke flowing into the housing;
A pocket portion disposed on at least a part of the inner surfaces of the plurality of wall portions to capture dust that has entered the housing, and
Between the at least two wall portions adjacent to the pocket portion, an airflow guide mechanism for guiding an airflow flowing into the housing from the outside and an airflow discharged to the outside of the housing is formed. ,
The plane including the axis of the light-emitting part and the axis of the light-receiving part is configured so that the pocket part and the airflow guide mechanism are positioned below the housing in an arbitrary installation state along the wall surface of the building. Has been
The wall portion constituting the pocket portion extends along the outer periphery of the housing, and a first extension portion extends from one end along the circumferential direction of the wall main body in the inner diameter direction of the housing. And a second extension portion extending in the inner diameter direction from the other end along the circumferential direction of the wall body,
The first extension is extended at an acute angle with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the housing;
The second extension portion further includes a base end portion extending substantially perpendicular to the inner diameter direction from the other end of the wall main body, and a distance from the first extension portion from the inner end direction end portion of the base end portion. A photoelectric smoke detector having an intermediate portion extending in an inclined manner and a flange-like portion extending left and right from an end portion of the intermediate portion in the inner diameter direction .

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