JP5125409B2 - Image display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device.

For example, as an image display device that projects light and displays an image, a sphere having a hemispherical projection surface formed of acrylic or the like as in Patent Document 1, and a projection surface of the sphere provided inside the sphere There is known a projector having a projector that projects a projected image and a fish-eye lens that prevents the image projected by the projector from being distorted on a sphere.
However, the image display device of Patent Document 1 uses a projector to project a projected image onto a sphere, which leads to an increase in the size of the device. In addition, a fisheye lens is provided so that the image projected by the projector is not distorted on the sphere, but this fisheye lens is relatively expensive, leading to an increase in the cost of the apparatus.
Further, in the image display device of Patent Document 1, when the position and shape of the sphere are constant, a desired image can be displayed on the sphere, but when the position and shape of the sphere change, the sphere The image projected above may be out of focus or the image may be distorted.

JP 2003-241648 A

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device that can reduce the size and cost of the device and can exhibit excellent image display characteristics without being affected by the shape of the screen.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
An image display device of the present invention includes an optical scanning unit that scans light,
A sheet-like one having a screen that is an optical scanning surface on one surface of which light is scanned by the optical scanning means;
The optical scanning means includes a light emitting portion that emits light, an actuator provided with a movable plate having a light reflecting portion that reflects light emitted from the light emitting portion, and a movable plate that can rotate. A rotating body that is rotatably supported about an axis orthogonal to a line segment parallel to the rotation center axis of the plate, and rotating the movable plate while rotating the rotating body, thereby rotating the light The light reflected by the reflecting portion is configured to scan two-dimensionally on the optical scanning surface.
As a result, it is possible to provide an image display apparatus that can be reduced in size and cost and that can exhibit excellent image display characteristics without being affected by the shape of the screen.

In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the actuator and the light emitting unit are provided on the rotating body so as to face each other via a rotating shaft of the rotating body.
Thereby, the actuator and the light emitting part can be provided while ensuring a sufficient separation distance between the actuator and the light emitting part. As a result, it is possible to prevent light scanning by the actuator from being obstructed by the light emitting portion.

In the image display device of the present invention, the actuator and the light emitting unit are provided such that the center of gravity of the rotating body, the assembly of the actuator and the light emitting unit is located on or near the rotation axis. Is preferred.
Thereby, when rotating a rotary body, it can suppress that an unintentional vibration generate | occur | produces, and can operate an image display apparatus stably.

In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the actuator is located on one side of the rotating body in a side view and is configured to scan light on the other side of the optical scanning surface.
As a result, the separation distance between the light reflecting portion and the position where the light on the optical scanning surface is irradiated can be secured relatively long, and even if the rotation angle of the movable plate is relatively small, the optical scanning surface Light can be scanned over the entire area. As a result, the movable plate can be rotated at higher speed, and the image display characteristics are improved.

In the image display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical scanning surface has a substantially spherical surface.
Thereby, a part of a substantially spherical object such as the earth or a baseball can be projected on the screen without causing distortion. In addition, since the optical scanning unit has a configuration suitable for scanning light on a spherical optical scanning surface, the above-described effects become more remarkable.
In the image display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical scanning surface has a substantially hemispherical surface.
Thereby, half of a substantially spherical object such as the earth or a baseball can be projected on the screen without causing distortion. Thus, if half of a substantially spherical object can be projected, the convenience of the image display device is improved.

In the image display device of the present invention, the screen has flexibility, and is formed so that the optical scanning surface can form a substantially spherical surface convex to the opposite side of the rotating body, and the curvature of the optical scanning surface. It is preferable to have a curvature changing means for changing.
Thereby, the shape of the screen can be changed, and an excellent image display characteristic can be exhibited by displaying an image suitable for the shape.

In the image display device of the present invention, the screen includes a first state in which the optical scanning surface is substantially flat, a second state in which the optical scanning surface is substantially spherical, and the optical scanning surface is the second state. A third state having a substantially spherical surface with a larger curvature than the first state, and the curvature changing means switches between the first state, the second state, and the third state. It is preferable to be configured.
Thereby, the shape of the screen can be changed, and an excellent image display characteristic can be exhibited by displaying an image suitable for the shape.
In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the optical scanning surface has a substantially hemispherical surface in the third state.
This prevents excessive deformation of the screen and improves the durability of the screen.

In the image display device of the present invention, the screen has stretchability, and a filling portion filled with gas is formed inside the screen, and the curvature changing means adjusts the pressure in the filling portion. Accordingly, it is preferable to change the curvature of the optical scanning surface.
Thereby, the curvature of the optical scanning surface can be changed to a desired curvature more reliably and safely.
In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the curvature changing unit adjusts the pressure in the filling unit by adjusting the amount of the gas in the filling unit.
Thereby, the curvature of the optical scanning surface can be changed with a relatively simple configuration.

In the image display device of the present invention, the screen has elasticity.
The curvature changing means includes a plurality of superelastic alloys provided radially from the central portion of the screen, and a heating / cooling means for heating or cooling the plurality of superelastic alloys. It is preferable that the shape of the superelastic alloy is changed, thereby changing the curvature of the optical scanning surface.
Thereby, the curvature of the optical scanning surface can be changed with a relatively simple configuration.

In the image display device of the present invention, the surface opposite to the optical scanning surface of the screen is an input surface to be pressed,
A pressing position detecting unit configured to detect a pressing position of the input surface based on a change in an optical path length of the light between the light reflecting portion and the optical scanning surface due to the pressing of the input surface; Is preferred.
Thereby, it is possible to add a touch sensor function capable of simultaneously touch-inputting a plurality of locations on the input surface with a simple configuration. As a result, the image displayed on the screen can be changed or moved corresponding to the pressed position, and convenience is improved.
In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, the change in the optical path length is detected based on the time from the emission from the light reflection unit to the reflection on the optical scanning surface and the return to the light reflection unit again. It is preferable.
Thereby, the change in the optical path length can be detected more accurately.

In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, the pressing position detecting unit is provided in the middle of the optical path between the light emitting unit and the light reflecting unit or at a branched position, and is reflected by the optical scanning surface and again reflected by the light. A light receiving unit that receives the light returned to the unit, a time difference calculating unit that calculates a time difference between a timing at which the light is emitted from the light emitting unit and a timing at which the light is received by the light receiving unit, and the time difference calculation It is preferable to have a detection unit that detects a pressed position of the input surface based on a calculation result by the unit.
Thereby, the pressing position of the input surface can be detected accurately with a simple configuration.

In the image display device of the present invention, the time difference calculation unit calculates the time difference at a predetermined location on the optical scanning surface for each predetermined time interval, and the detection unit calculates the time difference calculated by the time difference calculation unit n times. It is preferable to obtain a difference between the time difference and the time difference calculated at the (n + 1) th time and detect the position as the pressed position when the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold (where n is a natural number).
Thereby, the pressing position of the input surface can be accurately detected. In addition, for example, even when the sheet material is deformed due to impact or long-time use, the pressed position can be detected without being affected by the deformation. In addition, by providing a threshold value, it is possible to effectively prevent, for example, misrecognizing a minute deformation of the sheet material due to vibration or the like as pressing.

In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the detection unit further determines a pressing speed of the pressing from a difference between the time difference calculated by the time difference calculation unit at the nth time and the time difference calculated at the (n + 1) th time. (Where n is a natural number).
Thereby, even if the pressing position is the same, different operations can be performed due to the difference in pressing speed, and the operability, convenience, and amusement of the image display device are improved.

In the image display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the image display device further includes curvature detection means for detecting the curvature of the light scanning surface based on a distance from the light reflecting portion to a predetermined portion of the light scanning surface.
Accordingly, the magnification of the image displayed on the optical scanning surface can be changed in accordance with the curvature of the optical scanning surface, and an image without a sense of incongruity can be displayed.
In the image display device according to the aspect of the invention, it is preferable that an enlargement magnification of an image drawn on the screen and a curvature of the optical scanning surface are linked by the optical scanning unit.
Accordingly, the video can be enlarged or contracted so as to correspond to the curvature of the optical scanning surface, and an image without a sense of incongruity can be displayed.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an image display device of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
<First Embodiment>
First, a first embodiment of the image display device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of an image display device according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing modifications of the screen included in the image display device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of an actuator provided in the optical scanning unit of the image display device shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing driving of the actuator shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a block of a control system provided in the image display device shown in FIG. FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing curvature detecting means for detecting the curvature of the screen, and FIGS. 9 and 10 are views showing the operation of the pressing position detecting means provided in the image display device shown in FIG.
In the following, for convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIGS. 2 to 4, 6, and 8 is referred to as “upper” and the lower side is referred to as “lower”. In FIG. 5, the front side of the paper surface is referred to as “upper”, the back side of the paper surface is referred to as “lower”, the right side is referred to as “right”, and the left side is referred to as “left”. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the three axes orthogonal to each other are defined as an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis, respectively (the same applies to other drawings).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the image display apparatus 1 has a casing 2 and a screen 3 on which an image is projected. As shown in FIG. 2, the image display device 1 includes an optical scanning unit 5 that scans light on an inner surface (an optical scanning surface 32 described later) of the screen 3 and an optical scanning surface 32 (screen). 3) Curvature changing means 4 for changing the curvature, curvature detecting means 6 for detecting the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32, and pressing position detecting means for detecting the pressing position of the outer surface (touch input surface 31 described later) of the screen 3. 7 and an operation control device 8 for controlling the operation of the optical scanning means 5 and the curvature changing means 4.

  Such an image display device 1 draws an image on the screen 3 by scanning light on the light scanning surface 32 by the light scanning means 5 (this image can be viewed from the outside of the screen 3), and the touch input surface 31. Is pressed, the curvature of the screen 3 is changed based on the pressed position, the image displayed on the screen 3 is moved, and the image is enlarged or reduced.

Hereinafter, these will be sequentially described.
The casing 2 has an upper opening 21. The upper opening 21 is substantially circular in the xy plane. Although it does not specifically limit as a magnitude | size of the casing 2, It is preferable that length, width, and thickness are 5-50cm, 5-50cm, and 1-10cm, respectively, 10-20cm, 10-20cm, 1 It is preferably ˜5 cm. The inner diameter of the upper opening 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30 cm, more preferably 3 to 10 cm. By providing the casing 2 with such a size, it is possible to provide an image display device 1 that is compact and has excellent convenience such as portability and storage property while ensuring the visibility of the image displayed on the screen 3. Can do.

  The upper opening 21 is covered with the screen 3. The screen 3 has a circular shape concentric with the upper opening 21 in the xy plane. The outer diameter of the screen 3 is designed to be slightly larger than the inner diameter of the upper opening 21. Such a screen 3 is a part which overlaps with the edge part of the upper opening 21, and is adhere | attached and fixed to the inner wall of the casing 2 via the adhesive agent, for example. In addition, it does not specifically limit as a method of fixing the screen 3 to the casing 2, For example, you may fix by welding, pressure bonding, etc.

In the present embodiment, in order to more reliably fix the screen 3 to the casing 2, a fixing member 24 that presses the edge of the screen 3 from below and fixes the screen 3 to the casing 2 is provided. The fixing member 24 has an annular shape along the edge of the upper opening 21. Such a fixing member 24 is fixed to the casing 2 by, for example, fitting, screwing, welding or the like.
In the present embodiment, in order to make the effect remarkable, an annular recess 22 along the outer periphery of the upper opening 21 is formed on the inner wall of the casing 2, and the upper surface of the fixing member 24 is engaged with the recess 22. An annular ridge 241 to be joined is formed, and the ridge 22 and the ridge 241 sandwich the edge of the screen 3 while bending it.

  The constituent materials of the casing 2 and the fixing member 24 are not particularly limited as long as the screen 3 can be supported. For example, various glass materials, various metal materials such as Al and Fe, alumina, titania, and the like. Oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and titanium nitride, carbide ceramics such as graphite and tungsten carbide, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride , Polystyrene, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin), butadiene-styrene copolymer Polymer, Polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polyether, Polyetherketone (PEK), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyetherimide, Polyacetal (POM), Polyphenylene oxide, Polyphenylene sulfide , Polyarylate, aromatic polyester (liquid crystal polymer), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, other fluororesin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, polyurethane, etc. Copolymers, blends, polymer alloys and the like can be mentioned, and one or more of these can be used in combination.

On the lower surface of the fixing member 24, a light transmission plate 25 having light transmission properties is provided so as to cover the upper opening 21. Thereby, an airtight space (filling portion) K filled with gas (air) is defined by the lower surface of the screen 3, the inner peripheral surface of the fixing member 24, and the upper surface of the light transmission plate 25.
The light transmission plate 25 is joined to the lower surface of the fixing member 24 by, for example, an adhesive. The light transmission plate 25 is preferably joined to the entire area in the circumferential direction on the lower surface of the fixing member 24. Thereby, the adhesiveness of the light transmission board 25 and the fixing member 24 can be improved, and it can prevent effectively that gas leaks from the boundary of the light transmission board 25 and the fixing member 24. FIG.

Such a light transmitting plate 25 may be light transmissive, but is preferably substantially colorless and transparent. The constituent material of the light transmitting plate 25 is not particularly limited as long as it has light transmitting properties. For example, various glasses, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene , Polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, ABS resin, AS resin, fluorine resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, polyurethane, etc., or copolymers and blends mainly containing these Body, polymer alloy and the like, and one or more of them can be used in combination.
Note that an antireflection film may be provided on each of both surfaces of the light transmission plate 25. Thereby, it is possible to effectively prevent light scanned by an actuator 53 described later from being reflected by the light transmission plate 25.

As described above, the screen 3 is provided so as to cover the upper opening 21.
The screen 3 has a light transmission property and a light diffusion property, and is a so-called rear projection type screen. The upper surface of the portion exposed from the upper opening 21 of the screen 3 constitutes a touch input surface 31 that can be pressed (touched) by an input device such as a touch pen or a human finger, and the lower surface is scanned with light by the light scanning means 5. The optical scanning surface 32 is configured.
According to such a screen 3, an image drawn by the light scanning means 5 scanning the light scanning surface 32 from the inside of the casing 2 can be viewed from the outside of the image display device 1.

  The screen 3 has flexibility and stretchability, and is formed so that the optical scanning surface 32 can form a substantially spherical surface that is convex upward in FIGS. 2 to 4 (opposite to a rotating body 51 described later). . That is, the screen 3 is formed so that the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be freely changed (steplessly). As a result, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 is appropriately changed depending on the image displayed on the screen 3, and the presence of the image is more realistic (that is, the actual shape of the object displayed as the image matches the shape of the screen 3). An image can be displayed on the screen 3.

  Specifically, the screen 3 includes a first state in which the optical scanning surface 32 as shown in FIG. 2 forms a substantially flat surface, and a second state in which the optical scanning surface 32 as shown in FIG. 4 can take the third state in which the optical scanning surface 32 has a substantially hemispherical surface with a larger curvature than the second state. Thereby, the effect similar to the above can be exhibited. The “second state” refers to all states in which the optical scanning surface 32 forms a spherical surface between the first state and the third state, and among these states, which state is the “second state” described above. You may say "state".

Further, when the image display device 1 is not used, the screen 3 is set to the first state, whereby the image display device 1 can be made compact, and damage to the screen 3 is effectively prevented. be able to.
Further, by making the third state of the optical scanning surface 32, that is, the state with the largest curvature, a hemispherical surface, excessive deformation of the screen 3 is prevented, and the durability of the screen 3 is improved.
In the first state, it is preferable that the screen 3 is slightly extended radially from the center. Thereby, tension can be given to the screen 3, and it becomes easy to make the optical scanning surface 32 into a 1st state.

  Such a screen 3 is made of, for example, natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone rubber, acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, urethane rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber, latex rubber or the like. It is made of various elastomers such as materials, polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomers, polystyrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, and fluorine-based thermoplastic elastomers. Thereby, the screen 3 provided with the characteristic mentioned above can be formed easily.

  For example, when the fibers are braided like a woven or knitted fabric and the screen 3 is structurally stretchable, examples of the material constituting the screen 3 include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyamide. , Acrylic resins, ABS resins, fluorine resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins, or copolymers, blends, polymer alloys, etc. mainly composed of these, and combinations of one or more of these Can be used.

Next, the curvature changing means 4 will be described.
The curvature changing means 4 is configured to adjust the pressure in the airtight space K and adjust the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 by adjusting the amount of gas filled in the airtight space K. By adjusting the pressure in the airtight space K in this way, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be made as desired as desired.

  Specifically, the curvature changing unit 4 gradually increases the amount of gas in the hermetic space K, thereby expanding the screen 3 so that the balloon expands, and the optical scanning surface 32 is moved from the first state to the second state. On the contrary, by gradually reducing the amount of gas in the airtight space K, the screen 3 is shrunk so that the balloon is deflated, and the optical scanning surface 32 is moved to the third state. The first state is configured to pass through the second state from the state.

As shown in FIG. 2, the curvature changing means 4 includes a pump (compressor) 41 that sends gas (air) into the airtight space K, a pipe 42 that communicates the pump 41 and the airtight space K, and a pipe 42. And a cock 43 provided in the middle.
The cock 43 is a bifurcated cock, for example, and can be switched between a communication state, an open state, and a cutoff state.

The “communication state” is a state where the airtight space K communicates with the pump 41 and does not communicate with the internal space of the casing 2. The “open state” is a state in which the airtight space K does not communicate with the pump 41 and communicates with the internal space of the casing 2. Further, the “blocking state” is a state in which the airtight space K does not communicate with either the pump 41 or the internal space of the casing 2.
The driving of the pump 41 and the cock 43 is controlled by the operation control device 8. The operation control device 8 operates the pump 41 and the cock 43 to adjust the amount of gas in the hermetic space K, and changes the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 as described below.

  When the image display device 1 is not operating, the screen 3 is in the first state. When the image display device 1 is activated, the operation control device 8 brings the cock 43 into communication and activates the pump 41. As a result, air is supplied from the pump 41 into the airtight space K. As air is supplied into the hermetic space K, the pressure in the hermetic space K increases, and along with this, the screen 3 inflates toward the outside of the image display device 1 so that the balloons inflate. .

When the screen 3 gradually expands and enters the third state, the operation control device 8 puts the cock 43 in the shut-off state (or after) and stops the operation of the pump 41.
Of course, if the operation control device 8 puts the cock 43 into the shut-off state before the screen 3 enters the third state, the screen 3 can be brought into the second state.
The curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 is detected by the curvature detection means 6 and the operation control means 7 controls the operation of the pump 41 and the cock 43 based on the detection result. The curvature detection means 6 will be described later.

On the other hand, when the screen 3 is in the third state, the operation control device 8 opens the cock 43. Thereby, the air in the airtight space K is released to the outside of the airtight space K, and when the pressure in the airtight space K gradually decreases (approaches the atmospheric pressure) and becomes almost equal to the atmospheric pressure, The release of air from the airtight space K stops naturally. As a result, the screen 3 is in the first state.
Of course, if the operation control device 8 puts the cock 43 in the shut-off state before the screen 3 is in the first state, the screen 3 can be brought into the second state.

As described above, the curvature changing unit 4 can freely change the screen 3 between the first state and the third state. In this way, by adjusting the amount of gas in the hermetic space K, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be changed more reliably with a relatively simple configuration.
The airtight space K may not be formed airtight. In this case, at least the amount of gas leaking from the hermetic space K per unit time should be smaller than the amount of gas per unit time supplied from the pump 41 to the hermetic space K. Thereby, even if gas leaks from the airtight space K, the screen 3 can be inflated by supplying the gas from the pump 41.

Next, the optical scanning unit 5 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the light scanning means 5 is provided inside the casing 2 and is configured to scan light onto the light scanning surface 32 of the screen 3. Thus, by providing the optical scanning means 5 in the casing 2, the light can be reliably scanned on the optical scanning surface 32 and the image display device 1 can be downsized.

The optical scanning unit 5 includes a rotating body 51 rotatably supported on the casing 2, a motor 52 that rotates the rotating body 51, an actuator 53 and a light source unit (light emitting unit) 54 that are fixed to the rotating body 51. Have.
The rotating body 51 has a disk shape. The upper surface of the rotating body 51 is substantially parallel to the xy plane. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating body 51 intersects with the center of the upper opening 21 in the xy plane and is parallel to the z axis as a rotation axis (hereinafter, this axis is referred to as “rotation axis”). Z ”) and can be rotated. In addition, as a constituent material of the rotary body 51, the same material as the constituent material of the casing 2 mentioned above can be used.

Such a rotating body 51 is connected to the motor 52 via a connecting shaft 511 provided along the rotation axis Z. The motor 52 is not particularly limited as long as the rotating body 51 can be rotated. For example, a spindle motor or the like can be used. The motor 52 is connected to the operation control device 8, and the operation is controlled by the operation control device 8.
The behavior of the rotating body 51 described above is detected by the operation control device 8.

The operation control device 8 is provided on the lower surface of the rotating body 51 as shown in FIG. 2, and is provided so as to face the laser light emitting device 81 and a laser light emitting device 81 that emits laser light downward. And a photodiode (light receiving element) 82.
The laser light emitting device 81 rotates with the rotation of the rotating body 51, and when the laser light emitting device 81 passes (crosses) above the photodiode 82, the laser light from the laser light emitting device 81 is transmitted by the photodiode 82. Received light.

  The operation control device 8 can detect the behavior of the rotating body 51 based on the light reception timing of the photodiode 82 and the rotation speed (cycle) of the motor 52. The operation control device 8 may detect the behavior of the rotating body 51 in real time. For example, after the photodiode 82 receives the laser beam from the laser beam emitting device 81 once, The behavior of the rotating body 51 may be predicted from the cycle of the motor 52.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the rotating body 51 is provided with an actuator 53 and a light source unit 54 so as to face each other with the rotation axis Z of the rotating body 51. The actuator 53 and the light source unit 54 are provided on the rotating body 51 with a space therebetween. Thus, by providing the actuator 53 and the light source unit 54 so as to oppose each other via the rotation axis Z, a sufficient separation distance between the actuator 53 and the light source unit 54 can be secured. As a result, it is possible to prevent the light source unit 54 from obstructing the light scanning by the actuator 53.

Next, the actuator 53 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5, the actuator 53 is fixed to the rotating body 51 via an inclined table 512 so as to be inclined with respect to the upper surface (that is, the xy plane) of the rotating body 51. The tilting table 512 may be formed integrally with the rotating body 51 or may be formed as a separate body. Further, it may be omitted depending on the shape of the actuator 53 and the like.

The actuator 53 includes a base 531, a counter substrate 533 provided to face the lower surface of the base 531, and a spacer member 532 provided between the base 531 and the counter substrate 533.
The base 531 includes a movable plate 531a, a support portion 531b that rotatably supports the movable plate 531a, and a pair of connecting portions 531c and 531d that connect the movable plate 531a and the support portion 531b.

The movable plate 531a has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. A light reflecting portion 531e having light reflectivity is provided on the upper surface of the movable plate 531a. The light reflecting portion 531e is made of a metal film such as Al or Ni, for example. A permanent magnet 534 is provided on the lower surface of the movable plate 531a.
The support 531b is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the movable plate 531a in a plan view of the movable plate 531a. That is, the support portion 531b has a frame shape, and the movable plate 531a is positioned inside thereof.

The connecting portion 531c connects the movable plate 531a and the support portion 531b on the left side of the movable plate 531a, and the connecting portion 531d connects the movable plate 531a and the support portion 531b on the right side of the movable plate 531a. Yes.
Each of the connecting portions 531c and 531d has a longitudinal shape. Further, each of the connecting portions 531c and 531d can be elastically deformed. Such a pair of connecting portions 531c and 531d are provided coaxially with each other, and the movable plate 531a rotates relative to the support portion 531b around this axis (rotation center axis J). In the present embodiment, the rotation center axis J is parallel to the xy plane. That is, the rotation center axis J is orthogonal to a line segment parallel to the rotation axis Z of the rotating body 51.

  Such a base 531 is made of, for example, silicon as a main material, and a movable plate 531a, a support portion 531b, and connecting portions 531c and 531d are integrally formed. As described above, by using silicon as a main material, it is possible to realize excellent rotation characteristics and to exhibit excellent durability. In addition, fine processing (processing) is possible, and the size of the actuator 53 can be reduced.

The spacer member 532 has a frame shape, and its upper surface is joined to the lower surface of the base 531. The spacer member 532 is substantially equal to the shape of the support portion 531b in the plan view of the movable plate 531a. Such a spacer member 532 is made of, for example, various glasses, various ceramics, silicon, SiO ₂ or the like.
Note that the bonding method between the spacer member 532 and the base 531 is not particularly limited. For example, the spacer member 532 may be bonded via another member such as an adhesive, or anodic bonding may be performed depending on the constituent material of the spacer member 532. May be used.
Similar to the spacer member 532, the counter substrate 533 is made of, for example, various types of glass, silicon, SiO ₂ or the like. A coil 535 is provided on the upper surface of the counter substrate 533 as described above and at a portion facing the movable plate 531a.

The permanent magnet 534 has a plate bar shape and is provided along the lower surface of the movable plate 531a. Such a permanent magnet 534 is magnetized in a direction orthogonal to the rotation center axis J in a plan view of the movable plate 531a. That is, the permanent magnet 534 is provided such that a line segment connecting both poles (S pole and N pole) is orthogonal to the rotation center axis J. As shown in FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the left side of the rotation center axis J is the N pole, and the right side is the S pole.
The permanent magnet 534 is not particularly limited, and for example, a neodymium magnet, a ferrite magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, or the like can be used.

The coil 535 is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 534 in a plan view of the movable plate 531a. That is, the permanent magnet 534 is located inside the coil 535 in a plan view of the movable plate 531a. A predetermined voltage is applied to such a coil by the operation control device 8.
For example, when an alternating voltage is applied to the coil 535 by the operation control device 8, a magnetic field in the thickness direction of the movable plate 531a (vertical direction in FIG. 6) is generated, and the direction of the magnetic field is periodically switched. That is, the state A in which the vicinity of the upper side of the coil 535 is an S pole and the vicinity of the lower side is an N pole, and the state B in which the vicinity of the upper side of the coil 535 is an N pole and the vicinity of the lower side is an S pole are alternately switched.

In the state A, as shown in FIG. 6A, the right side of the permanent magnet 534 is displaced upward by the repulsive force with the magnetic field generated by energizing the coil 535, and the left side of the permanent magnet 534 is the magnetic field. It is displaced downward by the suction force. As a result, the movable plate 531a tilts counterclockwise.
On the contrary, in the state B, as shown in FIG. 6B, the right side of the permanent magnet 534 is displaced downward, and the left side of the permanent magnet 534 is displaced upward. Thereby, the movable plate 531a is inclined clockwise.

By alternately repeating the state A and the state B, the movable plate 531a rotates about the rotation center axis J while twisting and deforming the connecting portions 531c and 531d. By using such an actuator 53, it is possible to reduce the size of the image display device 1, and it is possible to scan the light scanning surface 32 with light relatively easily.
The configuration of the actuator 53 is not particularly limited as long as the movable plate 531a can be rotated, and may be a so-called two-degree-of-freedom vibration system actuator, or the coil 535 and the permanent magnet 534. Instead of the electromagnetic drive using, piezoelectric drive using a piezoelectric element or electrostatic drive using electrostatic attraction may be used.

  Since the actuator 53 is provided on the rotating body 51 as described above, it rotates around the rotation axis Z together with the rotating body 51 by the operation of the motor 52. Furthermore, since the actuator 53 can rotate the movable plate 531a around the rotation center axis J, the light reflected by the light reflecting portion 531e can be scanned over the entire area of the optical scanning surface 32.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the actuator 53 is located on the left side with respect to the rotation axis Z of the rotating body 51 in a side view (for example, an xz plan view) of the image display device 1. The light scanning unit 32 is configured to scan light on the right side of the rotation axis Z of the light scanning surface 32. That is, the actuator 53 is configured to scan light to the side opposite to the actuator 53 after passing (beyond) the rotation axis Z. Thereby, the separation distance (optical path length) between the light reflecting portion 531e and the portion irradiated with the light reflected by the light reflecting portion 531e can be made relatively long, and the rotation angle of the movable plate 531a can be made relatively small. Even in this case, light can be scanned over the entire area of the optical scanning surface 32. As a result, the movable plate 531a can be rotated at a higher speed, and the image display characteristics of the image display device 1 are improved.

The behavior of the actuator 53 (the behavior of the movable plate 531a) as described above is detected by the operation control device 8. Accordingly, the operation control device 8 can detect the direction (rotation angle) of the movable plate 531a.
As shown in FIG. 5, the operation control device 8 includes a piezoelectric element 83 provided on the connecting portion 531c. When the connecting portion 531c is torsionally deformed as the movable plate 531a rotates, the piezoelectric element 83 is deformed accordingly. The piezoelectric element 83 has a property of generating an electromotive force when deformed from a natural state to which no external force is applied. The magnitude of the electromotive force corresponds to the deformation amount of the piezoelectric element 83.

The operation control device 8 obtains the degree of twist of the connecting portion 531c by detecting the magnitude of the electromotive force generated from the piezoelectric element 83, and detects the behavior of the movable plate 531a from the degree of twist.
The operation control device 8 may detect the behavior of the movable plate 531a in real time. For example, after detecting the behavior of the movable plate 531a at a predetermined timing, the operation control device 8 applies the detection timing to the coil 535. You may predict based on the alternating voltage (waveform or frequency) to do.

  Further, as long as the behavior of the movable plate 531a can be detected, the present invention is not limited to the one using the piezoelectric element as in the present embodiment, and for example, a photodiode may be used. In this case, for example, when the movable plate 531a is in a predetermined direction (rotation angle), the photodiode is configured to receive light (or light reception is blocked). The behavior of the movable plate 531a may be detected from the light reception timing.

Next, the light source unit 54 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 7, the light source unit 54 includes laser light sources 541r, 541g, and 541b for each color, collimator lenses 542r, 542g, and 542b and dichroic mirrors 543r, 543r provided corresponding to the laser light sources 541r, 541g, and 541b. 543g and 543b.

The laser light sources 541r, 541g, and 541b of the respective colors emit red, green, and blue laser beams RR, GG, and BB, respectively. The laser beams RR, GG, and BB are emitted in a modulated state corresponding to the drive signal transmitted from the operation control device 8, and are collimated by collimator lenses 542r, 542g, and 542b that are collimating optical elements. A thin beam.
The dichroic mirrors 543r, 543g, and 543b have characteristics of reflecting the red laser beam RR, the green laser beam GG, and the blue laser beam BB, respectively, and combine the laser beams RR, GG, and BB of the respective colors into one laser beam. LL is emitted.

  A collimator mirror can be used in place of the collimator lenses 542r, 542g, and 542b, and in this case also, a thin beam of parallel light beams can be formed. Further, when parallel light beams are emitted from the laser light sources 541r, 541g, and 541b of the respective colors, the collimator lenses 542r, 542g, and 542b can be omitted. Further, the laser light sources 541r, 541g, and 541b can be replaced with light sources such as light emitting diodes that generate similar light beams.

As described above, since the operation control means 7 detects the behavior of the rotating body 51 and the movable plate 531a, in order to scan the laser beam LL of a desired color at a desired position on the optical scanning surface 32. Can determine at what timing the laser light LL should be emitted from the light source unit 54.
The operation control means 7 controls the operation of the light source unit 54 so as to emit the laser beam LL at the determined timing (that is, transmits a drive signal). Accordingly, the laser beam LL having a desired color can be scanned at a desired position on the optical scanning surface 32 by the optical scanning unit 5, and a desired image can be drawn on the optical scanning surface 32.
Note that a part of the laser light LL scanned on the optical scanning surface 32 is reflected by the optical scanning surface 32 and becomes return laser light LL ′ that returns to the light reflecting portion 531e again. The image display device 1 is configured to detect the pressed position of the touch input surface 31 using such return laser light LL ′.

In the present embodiment, a large number (for example, several hundred thousand to several million) of virtual regions (each region is also referred to as a “pixel” for convenience) that are regularly divided are set in advance on the optical scanning surface 32. Thus, the light source unit 54 emits the pulsed laser light LL so that the laser light LL of a desired color is emitted for each pixel.
That is, when scanning of the laser beam LL onto the optical scanning surface 32 by the optical scanning unit 5 is started, each pixel is irradiated with the laser beam LL once every time the rotating body 51 rotates. . As a result, each pixel is intermittently irradiated with the laser beam LL at a time interval corresponding to the cycle (number of rotations) of the motor 52.

Next, the curvature detection means 6 will be described.
The curvature detection means 6 is based on the separation distance between a portion (hereinafter referred to as “top T”) located in the center of the optical scanning surface 32 and the movable plate 531a (light reflecting portion 531e) on the xy plane. The curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 is detected. Thereby, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be accurately detected with a relatively simple configuration.

As shown in FIG. 8, the curvature detection means 6 includes a plurality of photodiodes 61a, 61b, 61c fixed to the rotating body 51, and a voltage detection unit 62 that detects voltages generated from the photodiodes 61a, 61b, 61c. have.
The photodiodes 61a, 61b, and 61c are arranged along the radial direction of the rotating body 51 at an interval from each other in the xy plan view. As shown in FIG. 8, when the optical scanning surface 32 is in the first state, the photodiode 61a receives a part of the laser light LL reflected by the top T, and the photodiode 61b has the optical scanning surface 32 in the first state. A part of the laser light LL reflected by the top T is received in the two state, and the photodiode 61c receives a part of the laser light LL reflected by the top T when the optical scanning surface 32 is in the third state. Receive light.

Since the photodiode has a property that a voltage is generated by the photovoltaic effect when receiving light, which of the photodiodes 61 a, 61 b, and 61 c generates the voltage by the voltage detection unit 62. Is detected, the state (curvature) of the optical scanning surface 32 can be detected. In the present embodiment, three photodiodes are used, but the number of photodiodes is not particularly limited. If the number of photodiodes is increased, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be detected more finely. The number of photodiodes may be appropriately set according to the size of the optical scanning surface 32 and the purpose of use of the image display device 1.
The detection result of the voltage detection unit 62 is transmitted to the operation control device 8.

The curvature detection means 6 is not limited to the present embodiment. For example, the laser beam LL reflected by the top T when the optical scanning surface 32 is in the first state and the optical scanning surface 32 is in the second state. A photodiode may be installed at a position corresponding to the intersection of the laser light LL reflected by the top T and the laser light LL reflected by the top T when the optical scanning surface 32 is in the third state. In this case, in the first to third states, the optical path lengths from the light reflecting portion 531e to the top portion T are different from each other. Therefore, in the first to third states, the time until the laser light LL emitted from the light source unit 54 is received by the photodiode is different. This time (optical path length) is the shortest in the first state and the longest in the third state. Such a time (time difference) may be detected, and the state of the screen 3 may be detected based on the time.
Moreover, as the curvature detection means 6, a pressure sensor may be provided in the airtight space K, and the state of the screen 3 may be detected based on the pressure in the airtight space K detected by the pressure sensor.

Next, the pressed position detecting means 7 will be described.
When the touch input surface 31 is pressed and the screen 3 is bent inward, the optical path length of the laser light LL between the light reflecting portion 531e and the optical scanning surface 32 (hereinafter simply referred to as “optical path length L”). However, it is shorter than that in the unpressed natural state.
The pressing position detection means 6 is configured to detect the pressing position of the touch input surface 31 based on such a change in the optical path length L. Thereby, a press position can be detected more correctly.

The pressing position detection means 6 is the time from when the laser beam LL is reflected by the light reflecting portion 531e until it is reflected by the light scanning surface 32 and returns to the light reflecting portion 531e again as the return laser beam LL ′. Based on the above, a change in the optical path length L (a phase difference between the outgoing light and the reflected light) is detected. Thereby, the change of the optical path length L can be detected more accurately.
As a specific configuration, as shown in FIG. 7, the pressed position detection means 7 is provided between the light source unit 54 and the light reflecting portion 531e, and includes a beam splitter 71 for branching the return laser light LL ′, A photodiode (light receiving unit) 72 that receives the return laser beam LL ′ branched by the splitter 71, a time difference calculation unit 73 connected to the photodiode 72, and a detection unit 74 connected to the time difference calculation unit 73 are provided. doing.

In the present embodiment, the beam splitter 71, the photodiode 72, the time difference calculation unit 73, and the time difference calculation unit 73 are provided in the rotating body 51.
The time difference calculation unit 73 includes a timing recording unit 731 connected to each of the photodiode 72 and the operation control device 8, and a calculation unit 732 connected to the timing recording unit 731.

Timing recording unit 731, for each one pixel, the timing T of the laser light LL is a timing T ₁ emitted from the light source unit 54, which is received by the photodiode 72 becomes laser light LL 'back its laser light LL Record ₂ . The timing recording unit 731, for each one pixel, the predetermined time interval (e.g., period of the motor 52) to record the timing T ₁ and timing T ₂ at.

The timing recording unit 731 can receive the drive signal transmitted from the operation control device 8 to the light source unit 54. Timing recording unit 731, based on this drive signal, and records the timing T _1. The timing recording unit 731 may be recorded to the timing T ₁ based on a drive signal to the laser light source 541R, it may be recorded to the timing T ₁ based on a drive signal to the laser light source 541b, it may be recorded timing T ₁ based on a drive signal to the laser light source 541 g.

Calculator 732, a light source from the unit 54 each time the corresponding laser light LL is emitted in one pixel, the time difference between the timing T ₁ and timing T ₂ at the laser beam LL S (i.e., the laser light LL is the light source unit The time from when the light is emitted from 54 to when it is received by the photodiode 72 is calculated.
The time difference S calculated by the calculation unit 732 is transmitted to the detection unit 74.

Detector 74, for each one pixel, n-th time difference calculating portion 73 (where, n is a natural number) calculates the difference and time difference S _n calculated for the time difference calculated in (n + 1) th and S _{n + 1,} the When the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold, the position of the touch input surface 31 corresponding to the pixel is detected as a pressed position. Information such as the detected pressing position and pressing speed is transmitted to the operation control device 8.

As described above, by detecting whether or not the touch input surface 31 is pressed based on the difference between the time difference _Sn and the time difference _{Sn + 1} , the touch position of the touch input surface 31 can be reliably detected. . In addition, for example, even when the screen 3 is deformed (indented) due to impact or long-time use, the detection unit 74 can detect the pressed position without being affected by the deformation. it can.
Further, by providing the threshold value, it is possible to effectively prevent the detection unit 74 from erroneously recognizing a minute deformation of the screen 3 due to vibration or the like as a press. As a result, the pressed position can be detected more accurately and reliably.

Hereinafter, a specific example will be described based on FIGS. 9 and 10.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a change with time of the time difference S at the pressing position when the touch input surface is pressed with the touch pen. Below, based on the same figure, it demonstrates how the press position detection means 7 detects the press position of the touch input surface 31. FIG.
Below, for convenience of explanation, the case where the pixel P is pressed will be described as a representative. Further, the optical path length of the laser light LL between the light reflecting portion 531e and the pixel P is referred to as “optical path length L _P ”.

[1] In the state of FIG. 9A, the touch input surface 31 is not pressed. Therefore, in (a), the screen 3 maintains a natural state and does not substantially change its shape.
[2] Even in the state of (b) in FIG. 9, the touch input surface 31 is not pressed, and the shape of the screen 3 does not change between (a) and (b). That is, the optical path length _{L P} in the state of (b) is equal to the optical path length _{L P} in the state of (a), of course, is the time difference _{S 1} and the time difference _{S 2} equal. Thereby, the detection part 74 judges that the pixel P is not pressed in the state of (b).

[3] In the state shown in FIG. 9C, the pixel P is pressed, and the portion is bent downward (inside the casing 2). Therefore, in the state of (c), as compared to the state of (b), the optical path length L _P becomes shorter, along with this, the time difference S ₃ is smaller than the time difference S _2. The difference between the time difference S ₃ and the time difference S ₂ is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the detection unit 74, in the state of (c), it is determined that the pixel P is pressed.
At this time, the detection unit 74 can further determine the pressing speed (average speed). Specifically, the displacement amount of the pixel P between (b)-(c) is determined from the speed of the laser beam LL and the difference between S ₂ and S _3, and this displacement amount and the optical scanning cycle (motor 52), the pressing speed between (b) and (c) when pressing the pixel P can be obtained.

[4] In the state of (d) in FIG. 9, the pixel P is bent further downward than in the state of (c). Therefore, in the state of (d), as compared to the state of (c), the optical path length L _P is shortened, With this, the time difference S ₄ is smaller than the time difference S _3. Thereby, the detection part 74 judges that the press of the pixel P is continuing from the time of (c) in (d).
[5] In the state of (e) in FIG. 9, the same state as the state of (d) is maintained. Therefore, the time difference _{S 5} becomes equal to the time difference _{S 4.} Thereby, the detection part 74 judges that the press state of (d) is maintained in the state of (e).
[6] In the state of (f) in FIG. 9, the pressing of the pixel P is finished, and the screen 3 returns to the natural state. Therefore, the time difference _{S 6} is greater than the time difference _{S 5.} Thereby, the detection part 74 judges that the pixel P is not pressed in the state of (f) (namely, press was complete | finished).

Note that, in the same manner as the threshold value described in [3] above, the detection unit 74 presses in the state of (f) when the difference between the time difference S ₆ and the time difference S ₅ exceeds a predetermined threshold value. It may be configured to determine that has ended. Thereby, the end of pressing can be detected more accurately.
In this way, the pressing position detecting means 7 determines whether or not the pixel P is pressed and detects the pressing speed. As described above, the pixel P has been described as a representative. Naturally, it is possible to determine whether or not the position of the touch input surface 31 other than the pixel P is pressed in the same manner.
Here, when the touch input surface 31 is pressed by a relatively large area such as a belly of a finger, the touch input surface 31 may bend over a relatively wide range of a portion not intended by the operator. is there.

FIG. 10 shows a case where the screen 3 is bent over a relatively wide range corresponding to the pixels P3 to P8 when the pixel P5 is pressed.
Due to the bending of the screen 3, the time difference S ₁ calculated by the time difference calculation unit 73 for the first time (when the screen 3 shown in FIG. 10A is in the natural state) is respectively obtained at the portions corresponding to the pixels P3 to P8. respect, second (Fig. 10 (b) to indicate the screen 3 when the pressing state) time difference S ₂ calculated in is reduced.
The difference between the time difference _{S 1} and the time difference _{S 2} in the pixel P3~P8 is greatest pixel P5, is smaller toward the pixel P5 to 10 in the horizontal direction.

As described above, the detection unit 74 is configured to detect only a portion where the difference between the time difference _Sn and the time difference _{Sn + 1} is a predetermined threshold value or more as a pressed position. In the case of FIG. 10, since only the pixel P5 exceeds the threshold, the detection unit 74 determines that the portion corresponding to the pixel P5 is the pressed position. In this way, by providing the threshold value, it is possible to effectively prevent the part that has been bent unintentionally as a pressing position by pressing the screen 3.

In addition, the detection part 74 can also detect the area | region pressed by adjusting the said threshold value suitably. For example, when the threshold value is set so as to be positioned between the difference at the pixel P8 and the difference at the pixel P9, the detection unit 74 sets the portion corresponding to the pixels P3 to 8 as the pressing region. Can be detected. The detection unit 74, the number of pixels that the difference in this way exceeds a threshold value (difference between the time difference S ₁ and the time difference S ₂₎ is generated, it is possible to calculate the area of the press area.

According to the press position detecting means 7 as described above, since the time difference _Sn and the time difference _{Sn + 1} are compared for each predetermined position of the touch input surface 31, a plurality of locations on the touch input surface 31 are pressed simultaneously ( All the pressed positions can be detected even by touch input. Thereby, the image display apparatus 1 can exhibit a multi-touch function.
Furthermore, according to the pressed position detection means 7, when a finger or the like is slid on the touch input surface 31, the slide locus and slide speed can be detected. Thus, the image displayed on the screen 3 can be rotated along the slide direction, or the image displayed on the screen 3 can be made different depending on the slide direction. The image display device 1 has excellent operability and convenience. And amusement.

Moreover, according to the pressing position detection means 7, since an average pressing speed can be calculated | required, the image projected on the screen 3 can be changed by the difference in an average pressing speed, for example. Also from this point, the display device 1 can exhibit excellent operability, convenience, and amusement.
In addition, according to the pressed position detecting means 7, the area of the pressed area can be obtained, so that the image displayed on the screen 3 can be changed by these differences. Also from this point, the image display apparatus 1 can exhibit excellent operability, convenience, and amusement.
Further, since the laser beam LL emitted from the optical scanning unit 54 is used, the number of components can be reduced, and the cost of the image display device 1 can be reduced.

When the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 is changed by the curvature changing unit 4, the optical path length L changes before and after the change (for example, the third state) and after the change (for example, the second state) in each pixel. To do. Therefore, in order to prevent the pressing position detection unit 7 from erroneously recognizing the change in the optical path length L accompanying the change in the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 as the pressing, the timing recording unit 731 has a curvature by the operation control device 8. When detecting the operation of the changing unit 4, and erases the timing T ₁ and timing T ₂ at each pixel which has been recorded so far, after the curvature of the light scanning plane 32 is changed, the timing T ₁ and timing in anew each pixel it is preferably configured to start recording of T _2.

  In the present embodiment, the curvature detection means 6 is provided separately from the pressed position detection means 7, but the pressed position detection means 7 may also serve as the curvature detection means. Specifically, as described above, the pressing position detection unit 7 can also determine the optical path length L between the light reflecting portion 531e and a predetermined portion (for example, the top portion T) of the light scanning surface 32. Since the optical scanning surface 32 changes its curvature while maintaining a spherical surface, if the optical path length L can be detected, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 corresponding to the optical path length L can be obtained.

  Therefore, the pressed position detection means 7 may function as a curvature detection means for detecting the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 while the curvature changing means 4 is operating and the optical scanning surface 32 is actually deformed. Good. Of course, when the operation of the curvature changing unit 4 is finished, the pressed position detecting unit 7 operates to detect the pressed position. Thereby, the number of parts of the image display apparatus 1 can be reduced, and cost reduction can be achieved.

Next, the operation control device 8 will be described.
The operation control device 8 is not shown based on a signal (information relating to the pressing position and the like) transmitted from the pressing position detecting means 7 and a signal (information relating to the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32) transmitted from the curvature detecting means 6. The electric signal transmitted from the control unit is converted into a drive signal, and the curvature changing means 4 (pump 41, cock 43) and optical scanning means 5 (motor 52, coil 535, and light source unit 54) are converted according to the signal. It controls the operation. At this time, the operations of the light source unit 54 and the actuator 53 are controlled by the operation control device 8 to adjust the intensity of the laser beam LL, the projection position, the irradiation timing, and the like. Thereby, the image display device 1 can change the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 in conjunction with the touch input operation, and can move or change the image displayed on the screen 3.

The configuration of the image display device 1 has been described in detail above.
Here, in the present embodiment, the rotating body 51 is provided with the actuator 53, the light source unit 54, the photodiodes 61a to 61c, and the pressed position detecting means 7, but these include the rotating body 51, the actuator 53, the light source. The rotating body 51 is provided so that the center of gravity of the assembly of the unit 54, the photodiodes 61a to 61c, and the pressed position detecting means 7 is located on or near the rotation axis Z. Thereby, when the rotating body 51 is rotated, unintentional vibration is prevented from occurring, and the image display device 1 can be stably operated.

Such an image display device 1 can be used as, for example, the following globe. Needless to say, the following usage examples are merely examples, and the usage method, the size of the apparatus, and the like are not limited thereto.
11 to 13 are schematic diagrams when the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is used as a globe. In this case, as the size of the image display device 1, the thickness, length, and width of the casing 2 are 3 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, respectively, and the inner diameter of the upper opening 21 is about 8 cm.

[1] When the operator presses (touches) the touch input surface, power is supplied to the operation control device 8. The operation control device 8 that receives the power supply operates the curvature changing unit 4 and sets the optical scanning surface 32 to the third state based on the signal from the curvature detecting unit 6.
[2] Next, the operation control device 8 drives the motor 52 at a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 3000 rotations / second) to rotate the rotating body 51 and causes the coil 535 to have a predetermined frequency (for example, about 60 KHz). Is applied to rotate the movable plate 531a at a predetermined rotation speed.

  [3] At the same time, the operation control device 8 transmits a drive signal to the light source unit 54. The light source unit that has received this drive signal emits the laser beam LL at a predetermined timing, and draws an image of the earth corresponding to the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 on the optical scanning surface 32. At this time, since the light scanning surface 32 has a hemispherical shape, an image corresponding to half of the earth such as the northern hemisphere or the southern hemisphere is displayed on the screen 3. In FIG. 11, the northern hemisphere is projected on the screen 3.

  [4] In this state, for example, when the user touches the touch input surface, the earth rotates in that direction. The rotation speed and rotation amount of the earth at this time are proportional to the tracing speed (sliding speed) and the traced length. Thereby, the operator can freely rotate the earth, for example, can see the southern hemisphere that was hidden in FIG. 11, or can locate the area (country) to be seen in front. .

  [5] Further, when the touch input surface 31 is pressed, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 is changed, and the image is enlarged or reduced around the pressed position. The determination of whether to enlarge or reduce the image may be determined by, for example, the pressing time (enlarge if the pressing time is a predetermined time or more, reduce if it is less), or determined by the pressing speed. It may be determined (enlarge if the pressing speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed, and reduced if it is below), or may be determined by other factors. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the case of enlarging an image will be described, but the same applies to the case of reducing an image.

  For example, when a portion corresponding to the Japanese archipelago on the touch input surface 31 is pressed, an image is enlarged and displayed with the Japanese archipelago as the center, as shown in FIG. At this time, each time the touch input surface 31 is pressed once, the image display device 1 is configured to enlarge the image at a predetermined magnification (a constant magnification), and repeatedly presses the touch input surface 31. The target area can be displayed at the target magnification. Note that the image display device 1 may be configured so that the image is enlarged in proportion to the pressing time of the touch input surface 31.

  The operation control device 8 increases the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 in conjunction with such enlargement of the image. Thereby, when the image projected on the screen 3 is enlarged by the pressing operation of the touch input surface 31 as described above, finally, the screen 3 is in the first state as shown in FIG. It becomes. Note that the image display device 1 may be configured so that the image displayed on the screen 3 can continue to be enlarged even after the screen 3 is in the first state.

  In this way, by linking the magnification of the image projected on the screen 3 and the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32, even if the image projected on the screen 3 is enlarged or reduced, Since an image corresponding to the curvature or the like can be displayed, the image can be displayed without giving the operator a sense of incongruity. Therefore, the image display device 1 can exhibit excellent display characteristics.

The case where the image display device 1 is used as a globe has been described above. A celestial body (constellation) may be projected instead of the Earth image and used as a planetary globe.
In addition, the image display device 1 can be used as a face-to-face game machine.
For example, when playing “Poker” which is one of the playing cards in the image display device 1, two operators (hereinafter referred to as operators N and M) face each other via the image display device 1.

When the touch input surface 31 is pressed in this state, the screen 3 expands and the optical scanning surface 32 enters the third state and a predetermined image is displayed on the screen 3 as in the case of the globe.
For example, when the “start button” displayed on the screen 3 is pressed, the hand (5 cards) of the operator N is displayed on the surface of the operator N on the screen 3, and the operator M 2 side On the surface, the hand of the operator M is displayed. In this state, since the screen 3 is hemispherical, the operators N and M cannot see each other's hand.

Operators N and M each exchange a hand by touching the hand to be exchanged. When the exchange of the hand is completed, the optical scanning surface 32 is changed to the first state, whereby the operators N and M can confirm each other's hand. At this time, an image showing a winner may be displayed on the screen 3.
The case where the image display device 1 is used as a face-to-face game machine has been described above. Note that the number of operators is not limited to two, and may be performed by four persons surrounding the screen 3, for example. At this time, the screen is divided into four on the xy plane.

Second Embodiment
Next, a second embodiment of the image display device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the image display device of the present invention, and FIGS. 15 to 17 are cross-sectional views showing modifications of the screen included in the image display device shown in FIG. For convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIGS. 15 to 17 is referred to as “upper” and the lower side is referred to as “lower”.

Hereinafter, the image display device 1 according to the second embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the image display device according to the above-described embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The image display apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the image display apparatus of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the curvature changing means is different. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the first embodiment described above.

Hereinafter, the curvature changing means 4A included in the image display apparatus 1A of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIGS. 15 to 17, for convenience of explanation, the optical scanning unit 5, the curvature detection unit 6, and the pressed position detection unit 7 are not shown.
The curvature changing means 4A has eight superelastic alloys (shape memory alloys) 45a to 45h whose shapes change according to temperature, and heating and cooling means 46A for heating or cooling the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h.

  The superelastic alloys 45a to 45h are subjected to a predetermined heat treatment (shape memory treatment), whereby the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can exhibit a bidirectional shape memory effect. That is, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can store shapes on the low temperature side and the high temperature side, respectively, and by changing the temperature, the shape can be changed between the low temperature side shape and the high temperature side shape. It can be changed freely.

Superelastic alloys 45a to 45h are each a wire. Each of the superelastic alloys 45 a to 45 h is joined to the lower surface of the fixing member 24 at one end portion (this end is hereinafter referred to as “base end”). Further, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h are provided at equiangular intervals (45 degrees in this embodiment) while being spaced apart from each other along the edge (outer periphery) of the upper opening 21 in the xy plane. ing. The method for joining the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h and the fixing member 24 is not particularly limited, and for example, adhesion, pressure bonding, welding, or the like can be used.
Each of the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h is formed in a spiral shape as shown in FIG. 15 at room temperature. Such superelastic alloys 45a to 45h, as the temperature rises, the spiral is unwound from the base end side as shown in FIG. 16, and the optical scanning surface 32 is pressed while pressing the optical scanning surface 32 upward. It extends toward the center.

As the temperature of the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h rises, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 increases while maintaining a substantially spherical surface due to the pressure of the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h. When the temperature of the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h rises to a predetermined temperature, the optical scanning surface 32 is in the third state as shown in FIG. At this time, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h are in a state in which the spiral is completely unwound, and seem to extend radially from the center of the optical scanning surface 32 in the xy plane.
Conversely, when the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h are cooled from the state of FIG. 17, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h return to the state of FIG. 15 via the state of FIG.

  Preferred compositions of such superelastic alloys 45a-45h include Ni-Ti alloys such as 49-52 atomic% Ni-Ti alloys, 38.5-41.5 wt% Zn-Cu-Zn alloys, Examples include 1 to 10% by weight X Cu—Zn—X alloy (X is at least one of Be, Si, Sn, Al, and Ga), 36 to 38 atomic% Al—Ni—Al alloy, and the like. Of these, the Ni-Ti alloy is particularly preferable.

  The fixing member 24 is made of a metal material having a relatively high thermal conductivity such as Al, Ni, Cu, and the heating and cooling means 46A is thermally connected to the fixing member 24. Thereby, each superelastic alloy 45a-45h can be heated and cooled via the fixing member 24 by the heating / cooling means 46A.

The heating / cooling means 46A is not particularly limited as long as the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can be heated and cooled. For example, a Peltier element capable of heating and cooling, a heating wire heater, a ceramic heater, an oil heater, etc. Various coolers such as various heaters and fans can be used.
When a Peltier element is used as the heating / cooling means 46A, either one of the heat absorbing surface and the heat generating surface is thermally connected to the fixing member 24 (whether it is indirect or direct). Absent). Thus, if a current in one direction is applied to the Peltier element, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can be heated via the fixing member 24, and if a current in the other direction is applied, the fixing member 24 is Thus, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can be cooled. According to such a Peltier element, the shape of the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h, that is, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be made desired with a relatively simple configuration.

When various heaters are used as the heating / cooling means 46A, the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can be heated by operating the heaters, and the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h can be stopped by stopping the heaters. Is naturally cooled by the ambient temperature. Of course, a cooler as described above may be provided in addition to the heater, and the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h may be cooled by this cooler.
The operation of the heating / cooling means 46A is controlled by the operation control device 8.

As described above, by changing the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 using the superelastic alloys 45a to 45h, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be changed more reliably while the configuration of the curvature changing means 4A is relatively simple. can do.
Note that the number, shape, arrangement, and the like of the superelastic alloy are not limited to this embodiment. For example, the number of superelastic alloys may be 7 or less, or 9 or more. Further, the plurality of superelastic alloys may not be arranged at equiangular intervals, or may not form a spiral at normal temperature.
According to the second embodiment as described above, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above can be exhibited.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the image display device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the image display device of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the image display device 1B according to the third embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the image display device according to the above-described embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
An image display device 1B according to the third embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the display device 1 of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the curvature changing means 4B is different. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the first embodiment described above. In FIG. 18, for convenience of explanation, the optical scanning unit 5, the curvature detection unit 6, and the pressed position detection unit 7 are not shown.

  The curvature changing means 4B is configured to expand or contract the volume of the gas by heating or cooling the gas (air) in the airtight space K, thereby adjusting the pressure in the airtight space K. . The curvature changing unit 4B includes a heating / cooling unit 46B that heats or cools the gas in the airtight space K via the light transmission plate 25. Here, the light transmission plate 25 is preferably made of a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity, such as a high thermal conductive resin material.

As the heating / cooling means 46B, the same one as in the second embodiment described above can be used.
When the gas in the airtight space K is heated by the heating / cooling means 46B, the volume of the gas expands, and thus the optical scanning surface 32 changes from the first state to the third state. On the contrary, if the gas in the airtight space K is cooled, the volume of the gas contracts, so that the optical scanning surface 32 changes from the third state to the first state.

As described above, by changing the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 using the heating / cooling means 46B, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be changed more reliably while the configuration of the curvature changing means 4B is relatively simple. Can do.
In this embodiment, the gas-tight space K is filled with gas, but a liquid may be further sealed. Since the expansion of the volume when the liquid is vaporized by heating is larger than the expansion of the volume due to the temperature rise of the gas, the curvature of the optical scanning surface 32 can be more efficiently set to the desired curvature. Such a liquid is preferably a liquid having a relatively low boiling point, and examples thereof include water and glycerin.
According to the third embodiment as described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be exhibited.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, a fourth embodiment of the image display device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a light source unit provided in the image display apparatus of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the image display device 1C according to the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the image display device according to the above-described embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The image display apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the image display apparatus of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the light source unit 54C is different. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the first embodiment described above.

As shown in FIG. 19, the light source unit 54C includes three laser light sources 541r, 541b, and 541v, collimator lenses 542r, 542b, and 542v provided corresponding to the laser light sources 541r, 541b, and 541v, and a dichroic mirror 543r, 543b and 543v. The laser light sources 541r, 541b, and 541v for the respective colors emit red, blue, and ultraviolet laser beams RR, BB, and VV, respectively.
The dichroic mirrors 543r, 543b, and 543v have characteristics of reflecting the red laser beam RR, the blue laser beam BB, and the ultraviolet laser beam VV, respectively, and combine the laser beams RR, BB, and VV of the respective colors into one laser. Light LL is emitted.

The screen 3 scanned with such a laser beam LL includes a phosphor that emits green fluorescence when irradiated with the ultraviolet laser VV.
Of the laser beam LL, the red and blue laser beams RR and BB are only scattered by the optical scanning surface 32, but the ultraviolet laser beam VV is green fluorescent by the phosphor contained in the optical scanning surface 32. Is generated. As a result, red, blue, and green image light can be generated corresponding to the laser beams RR, BB, and VV of the respective colors.
Of course, the original purpose can be achieved by generating green fluorescent light not by a combination of ultraviolet laser light and phosphor but by a combination of purple laser light and phosphor.

In the above description, the case where green image light is obtained from the ultraviolet laser light VV has been described. However, red image light and blue image light can also be obtained from the ultraviolet laser light VV. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain image light of each color individually from a plurality of types of ultraviolet laser light VV.
According to the fourth embodiment as described above, the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above can be exhibited.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Next, a fifth embodiment of the image display device of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the image display device of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the image display device 1D of the fifth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the image display device of the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.
The image display device 1D according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as that described above except that the screen is not deformed, and accordingly, the curvature changing means, the curvature detecting means, and the pressing position detecting means are omitted. This is almost the same as the image display device according to the embodiment. The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the first embodiment described above.

  The screen 3 has substantially no flexibility and stretchability, and its shape is kept constant. As shown in FIG. 20, the screen 3 has a hemispherical shape, and thus the optical scanning surface 32 also forms a hemispherical surface. Thus, a part of a substantially spherical object such as the earth or a baseball can be projected on the screen 3 without causing distortion or the like. As a result, the image display device 1D exhibits particularly excellent image display characteristics when a spherical object is projected on the screen 3.

In particular, in the present embodiment, since the optical scanning surface 32 has a hemispherical surface, half of a substantially spherical object can be projected. This improves the convenience of the image display device.
Further, for example, by dividing the screen 3 into two in the left and right in FIG. 20, different images can be projected on the right side and the left side. Thereby, for example, a plurality of observers can each see a desired image (video). At this time, since each observer hardly sees an image (video) viewed by other observers, the image can be viewed more concentratedly.

  The constituent material of such a screen 3 is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics. For example, polyester resins such as soft polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polybutylene terephthalate. And polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomers, polystyrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, fluorine-based thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubber, latex rubber, etc. One kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used (for example, as a laminate).

In the present embodiment, the actuator 53 and the light source unit 54 are provided such that the center of gravity of the assembly of the rotating body 51, the actuator 53 and the light source unit 54 is located on or near the rotation axis Z. Thereby, when the rotating body 51 is rotated, unintentional vibrations are prevented from occurring, and the image display device 1D can be stably operated.
According to the fifth embodiment as described above, the same effect as that of the first embodiment described above can be exhibited.

The image display device of the present invention has been described based on the illustrated embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the image display device of the present invention, the configuration of each unit can be replaced with an arbitrary configuration that exhibits the same function, and an arbitrary configuration can be added. Also, the embodiments can be suitably combined.
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the optical scanning unit is provided below the airtight space, that is, outside the airtight space. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and is provided in the airtight space. May be. Specifically, a rotating body, an actuator, and a light source unit may be positioned between the light transmission plate and the screen. At this time, the light transmission plate may not have light transmittance.
In the fourth embodiment described above, the optical scanning surface is a hemispherical surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the optical scanning surface may be a curved convex surface having different curvatures at the center and the edge. It may be in the shape of a kamaboko or a flat surface.

1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of an image display device of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is an enlarged view of the actuator with which the optical scanning means of the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is a figure which shows the drive of the actuator shown in FIG. It is a block diagram of the control system with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is a figure which shows the curvature detection means which detects the curvature of a screen. It is a figure which shows the action | operation of the press position detection means with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is a figure which shows the action | operation of the press position detection means with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided. It is the schematic diagram which used the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as a globe. It is the schematic diagram which used the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as a globe. It is the schematic diagram which used the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as a globe. It is a typical perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the image display apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 12 is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 12 is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the screen with which the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 12 is provided. It is typical sectional drawing which shows 3rd Embodiment of the image display apparatus of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 4th Embodiment of the image display apparatus of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows 5th Embodiment of the image display apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D ... Image display device 2 ... Casing 21 ... Upper opening 22 ... Concave strip 24 ... Fixing member 241 ... Convex strip 25 ... Light transmission plate 3 ... Screen 31 ... ... Touch input surface 32 ... Optical scanning surface 4, 4A, 4B ... Curvature changing means 41 ... Pump 42 ... Piping 43 ... Cocks 45a to 45h ... Superelastic alloys 46A, 46B ... Heating and cooling means 5 ... ... Optical scanning means 51 ... Rotating body 511 ... Connecting shaft 512 ... Inclined base 52 ... Motor 53 ... Actuator 531 ... Substrate 531a ... Movable plate 531b ... Support part 531c, 531d ... ... light reflecting portion 532 ... spacer member 533 ... counter substrate 534 ... permanent magnet 535 ... coil 54, 54C ... light source unit 541r, 54 1b, 541g, 541v .... Laser light source 542r, 542b, 542g, 542v .... collimator lens 543r, 543b, 543g, 543v .... dichroic mirror 6 ... curvature detection means 61a, 61b, 61c .... photodiode 62 ... voltage Detecting part 7 ...... Pressing position detecting means 71 ...... Beam splitter 72 ...... Photodiode 73 ...... Time difference calculating part 74 ...... Detecting part 731 ...... Timing recording part 732 ...... Calculating part 74 ...... Detecting part 8 ...... Activation Control device 81 …… Laser light emitting device 82 …… Photo diode 83 …… Piezoelectric element K …… Airtight space

Claims (11)

Optical scanning means for scanning light;
One surface has a screen to be a light scanning surface on which light is scanned by the light scanning means,
The optical scanning means includes an actuator provided such that a movable plate provided with a light emitting portion that emits light and a light reflecting portion that reflects light emitted from the light emitting portion is rotatable in a restricted angular range, A rotating body that supports the actuator rotatably about an axis orthogonal to a line segment parallel to the rotation center axis of the movable plate;
By rotating the movable plate within a restricted angular range, the light reflected by the light reflecting portion is scanned in the first direction on the light scanning surface,
By rotating the rotating body, the light reflected by the light reflecting portion is scanned in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction on the light scanning surface ,
The surface opposite to the optical scanning surface of the screen is an input surface to be pressed,
A pressing position detecting unit configured to detect a pressing position of the input surface based on a change in an optical path length of the light between the light reflecting portion and the optical scanning surface due to the pressing of the input surface ; An image display device.   The screen has flexibility and is formed so that the optical scanning surface can form a substantially spherical surface convex to the opposite side of the rotating body, and has a curvature changing means for changing the curvature of the optical scanning surface. The image display device according to claim 1.   The image display device according to claim 2, wherein the curvature of the optical scanning surface is changed in accordance with an enlargement magnification of an image drawn on the screen by the optical scanning unit.   The screen has a first state in which the optical scanning surface is substantially flat, a second state in which the optical scanning surface is substantially spherical, and an approximately larger curvature of the optical scanning surface than in the second state. A third state that forms a spherical surface can be taken, and the curvature changing means is configured to switch between the first state, the second state, and the third state. 4. The image display device according to 3. After emitted from the light reflecting portion, reflected by the light scanning surface, based on the time to come back again to the light reflecting portion, according to 4 to claim 1 for detecting a change in the optical path length Image display device. The pressed position detecting means is provided in the middle of the optical path between the light emitting part and the light reflecting part or at a branched position, and receives the light reflected by the light scanning surface and returned to the light reflecting part again. Based on a calculation result by the time difference calculating unit, a time difference calculating unit for calculating a time difference between a timing at which light is emitted from the light emitting unit and a timing at which the light is received by the light receiving unit, The image display apparatus according to claim 5 , further comprising a detection unit that detects a pressed position of the input surface. The time difference calculation unit calculates the time difference at a predetermined location on the optical scanning surface for each predetermined time interval, and the detection unit calculates the time difference calculated by the time difference calculation unit for the nth time and the n + 1th time. The image display device according to claim 6 , wherein a difference from the time difference is obtained, and when the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold, the location is detected as the pressed position (where n is a natural number). 8. The image display device according to claim 7 , wherein the detection unit further obtains the pressing speed of the press from a difference between the time difference calculated by the time difference calculation unit at the nth time and the time difference calculated at the (n + 1) th time. , N is a natural number). The screen has elasticity, and a filling portion filled with gas is formed inside the screen, and the curvature changing means adjusts the pressure in the filling portion to thereby adjust the pressure of the optical scanning surface. the image display apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 8 to change the curvature. The screen has elasticity,
The curvature changing means includes a plurality of superelastic alloys provided radially from the central portion of the screen, and a heating / cooling means for heating or cooling the plurality of superelastic alloys. changing the shape of the super elastic alloy, whereby the image display apparatus according to any one of claims 2 and is configured to change the curvature of the optical scanning surface 8. Based on the distance to the predetermined portion of the optical scanning plane from the light reflection portion, an image according to any one of the curvature claims 2 to 1 0 has a curvature detection means for detecting the light scanning surface Display device.

Images