JP5102190B2 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a plant by irradiating a cultivated plant with two types of light using a white light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode as a light source in a solar-powered house.

  In recent years, useful plants such as vegetables and fruits have been cultivated throughout the year by artificial cultivation such as greenhouse cultivation. In order for useful plants cultivated by artificial cultivation to maintain the same quality as useful plants cultivated outdoors, it is necessary to appropriately control environmental conditions in an artificial cultivation apparatus such as a vinyl house. In particular, appropriate control of the amount of light emitted to plants is one of the factors that have the greatest impact on plant growth.

  In particular, when greenhouse cultivation is performed in areas with low sunshine, such as Hokuriku or Hokkaido, or when increasing the yield of crops, the low risk of tomatoes, which has been attracting attention in recent years, has been gaining attention because it reduces quality risk and enables high yield. When performing densely planted cultivation or strawberry cultivation using light-shielding materials, natural light (sunlight) alone is not sufficient, and it is possible to increase the amount of light irradiated to the cultivated plants in the house by supplementing with a lighting device. Required.

  Conventionally, incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lamps, and halogen lamps have been used as lighting devices, but these lighting devices require a large amount of energy, which increases power costs and is insulated from the power supply system under high humidity. It could cause destruction.

On the other hand, the possibility of plant cultivation using a light emitting diode (hereinafter also referred to as LED) has been proposed as a lighting device that replaces a conventional incandescent bulb. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-103167 proposes a plant cultivation apparatus that irradiates a plant with light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 480 nm and a wavelength of 620 nm to 700 nm by a light emitting diode. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-258389 proposes a plant cultivation method for irradiating a blue light-emitting diode having an output wavelength having a maximum value of 400 to 500 nm and a photon flux density of 10 μmol / m ² / s or more. Has been.

  Light-emitting diodes have the advantages of being safe and long-life compared to fluorescent lamps, and not generating heat. Taking advantage of this characteristic, the possibility of using blue and red light emitting diodes in plant factories that produce plants year-round by highly controlling the environment in facilities such as factories has been studied. However, lighting equipment using light-emitting diodes is more expensive than fluorescent lamps, and the cost of constructing a plant factory that uses this on the entire surface of the facility is very high. It is difficult. Therefore, the light-emitting diode has not yet been used in a normal facility garden house.

  The present inventor examined whether or not an effective light supplement means can be provided while taking advantage of the characteristics of a light-emitting diode that is safe and long-lived in the cultivation mode in which supplement light is particularly required. We have come up with the idea that by using a white light emitting diode close to sunlight, light supplementation can be achieved with minimal energy (electricity) costs. Here, it is possible to compensate for the shortage of sunlight with only white light emitting diodes. However, in an environment where light is blocked such as dense planting, light in the long wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm (red light) Is more likely to be shielded, there is a problem that the red light does not reach every corner of the leaf in the lower position of the cultivated plant. In addition, since the white light emitting diode has a small amount of red light radiation energy, it is difficult to sufficiently supplement the red light with only the white light emitting diode. These problems cannot be dealt with by irradiating more light of the white light emitting diode, but the white light emitting diode is not practical because of its high cost.

  Therefore, the present inventor can suppress the cost required for supplementary light while providing sufficient red light necessary for cultivated plants by combining white light emitting diodes and red light emitting diodes to supplement light. I found.

  Thus, the present invention is characterized in that two types of light using a white light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode as a light source are irradiated to a cultivated plant in a solar-powered house. In particular, in the present invention, the amount of light radiated energy in the wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm is in the range of 25 to 50% with respect to the total amount of radiant energy of the irradiated light, and the light radiant energy in the wavelength region of 500 to 600 nm. A plant can be cultivated more effectively by adjusting the radiant energy of the irradiated light so that the amount is in the range of 15 to 30%.

White light-emitting diodes As the white light-emitting diodes that can be used in the present invention, three types of commercially available lamps, that is, (1) a type using three types of light-emitting diodes of blue, green, and red, (2) Either a type in which a yellow phosphor is applied to the surface of a blue light-emitting diode, or a type in which a green and red phosphor is applied to the surface of a blue light-emitting diode can be used. However, the type (1) is more expensive than the other types, and the type (2) has less light radiation energy in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm, so the amount of light emitted from the red light emitting diode is increased. In this case, if the leaves of cultivated plants are irradiated with too much red light, the leaves may appear reddish. Therefore, it is preferable from the point of cost and the color of the cultivated plant irradiated with light to use the type which combined the green fluorescent substance and the red fluorescent substance with the blue light emitting diode which is the type of (3).

Red light-emitting diode As the red light-emitting diode that can be used in the present invention, a commercially available lamp having an emission wavelength of 600 to 700 nm can be used.

  The light intensity required for carrying out the present invention varies depending on the target plant species, growth stage, weather, and natural environment in the house. For example, in the case of tomato, it is preferable to irradiate with light using white light emitting diodes and red light emitting diodes as light sources until the light saturation point is reached.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the ratio of the radiant energy of the light emitted from the white light-emitting diode and the light emitted from the red light-emitting diode is important in the light to be irradiated, and the wavelength of 600 to 700 nm with respect to the total radiant energy amount of the irradiated light. It is preferable to adjust so that the amount of light radiation energy in the region is in the range of 25 to 50% and the amount of light radiation energy in the wavelength region of 500 to 600 nm is in the range of 15 to 30%. By adjusting in this way, the light required to promote the growth can be effectively given to the plant while suppressing the cost of the light emitting diode.

  If the amount of light radiant energy in the wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm is less than 25%, the growth of the plant tends to be insufficient, and conversely if it exceeds 50%, the quality of the plant tends to deteriorate. In addition, when the amount of light energy in the wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm is less than 15%, the occurrence of obstacles is likely to occur, and conversely, if it exceeds 30%, the quality of the plant tends to deteriorate.

  In order to adjust the amount of light radiation energy in the wavelength ranges of 600 to 700 nm and 500 to 600 nm, for example, the number of white light emitting diodes and red light emitting diodes can be adjusted. The amount of light radiation energy is measured with a commercially available spectroradiometer.

  In the present invention, a white light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode can be used by being arranged on one or a plurality of substrates. In this case, the white light emitting diode and the red light emitting diode can be arranged on separate substrates, but in order to uniformly irradiate the cultivated plant with the white light and the red light, the white light emitting diode and the red light emitting diode are mixedly arranged. Is preferred. In addition, in the circuit connection of the light source, each group of white light emitting diodes and red light emitting diodes can be lit and driven by different power sources, so that the white light emitting diodes and red light emission for the total amount of radiant energy of the irradiated light The light irradiation energy amount of the diode can be easily adjusted and changed.

  In the present invention, irradiation with the white light emitting diode and the red light emitting diode can be performed from the ceiling or side surface of the house, but is cultivated for the purpose of the present invention to supplement the light necessary for the cultivated crop. Light can be supplemented from around the crop. The non-limiting example of the aspect which irradiates the cultivated plant with the light which uses the light emitting diode in this invention as a light source is shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is a cultivation bed, 2 is a stock of tomatoes, 3 is a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, and 4 is a work / harvest space. Among the LED lamps, black ones represent red LED lamps and white ones represent white LED lamps.

  In the present invention, the house using sunlight is a general house made of a covering material used for facility horticulture, for example, a glass house, a vinyl chloride resin film, a polyolefin resin film, a polyester resin film, a fluorine resin. Examples include, but are not limited to, a house on which a resin film or the like is stretched.

  As a plant to which the cultivation method of the present invention is applied, a long-day plant (a plant that responds to a long day and regulates flower bud formation), a short-day plant (a plant that reacts to a short day and regulates flower bud formation), Even neutral plants (plants that do not react to the photoperiod) can be applied without particular limitation. Specific examples include flower garden plants, fruit vegetables, fruit trees, and cereals. Examples include orchids such as phalaenopsis, sympidium, and dendrodium, cacti, roses, carnations, gerberas, gypsophila, lilies, and starches. Flowers for cut flowers such as pansy, flowers for potted flowers such as pansy, primula, beconia, petunia, cyclamen; fruit vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, melon, strawberry, pepper; fruit trees such as pear, apple, grape And cereals such as corn and wheat. In particular, in order to make the most of the effects of the present invention, a plant with a slow flower bud formation, a plant with a small number of flower bud formation in a natural state, or a plant that needs special seedlings more than the normal state is selected. It can be considered as a target.

  The method of cultivating the target plant is not particularly limited, and a method of planting and cultivating what has been germinated and raised using a tray or pot filled with cultivated soil, after germination on a sponge cube, The cultivation method according to the kind of plant and the purpose of cultivation, such as a method of hydroponics and a method of aseptically culturing and raising seedlings on agar containing nutrients, can be used.

  The cultivation method of the present invention can be used effectively particularly in tomato low-stage dense planting cultivation and strawberry cultivation using a light shielding material.

  Tomato low-stage dense planting is a cultivation method that repeats short-term cultivation that is denser than multi-stage cultivation and leaves about 1 to 3 inflorescences, and can be expected to produce high sugar content fruits with low pesticides, but for dense planting It is easy to shadow and natural light alone tends to be insufficient. Therefore, the cultivation method of the present invention is effective.

  Moreover, when strawberry cultivation is performed in the summer, a light-shielding material is used because the temperature becomes high and the quality is deteriorated. On the contrary, the cultivation method of the present invention is effective because the light amount is insufficient.

  In the present invention, it is usually preferable to set the period of planting to mid-harvest as the time of irradiating the cultivated plant with two types of light using a white light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode as a light source.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.

Example 1
Hydroponic cultivation test using white LED and red LED in one-stage dense planting of tomato was conducted. Seeds of tomato (variety: Momotaro) were sown and germinated in a cell tray filled with rock wool fine cotton containing water.
After the development of cotyledons, a thin culture solution (EC 0.6 to 1.2 dS / m) was given.
25 to 25 days after sowing, 4 to 5 true leaves came out, and they were planted on a cultivation bed in an agricultural house.
The cultivation bed was a water-retaining sheet plowing system with a bed width of 50 cm and a depth of 15 cm, the strain spacing was 8 cm, and the bed spacing was 80 cm.
After planting, a culture solution (EC 1.2 to 2.4 dS / m) was given, and the supplementary LED was irradiated in the time zone from 6 am to 6 pm.
The LED uses a white LED lamp (manufactured by Seiwa Denki, blue LED + green phosphor + red phosphor) and a red LED lamp (manufactured by KODENSHI). It was.
The ratio of the radiant energy of 600-700 nm and 500-600 nm was adjusted and measured by Hidehiro Seiki spectroradiometer MS-720.
Forty days after the planting, three flowers in the first inflorescence were blossomed, and a fruiting hormone (tomato tone) was sprayed to remove the top and second leaves from the first inflorescence.
After 10 days, the culture solution EC was increased to 5 dS / m as a salt stress treatment.
From the 80th day after the planting, the harvested tomatoes were harvested and the yield and quality were evaluated. The results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

Comparative Example 1
Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that the red LED lamp was not used and only the white lamp was used.

Comparative Example 2
Except that the use ratio of the red LED lamp was 4 times that of Example 1 were the same as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 3
The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the supplementary LED was not used and only the sunlight was used for cultivation. However, the harvest season was 90 days after planting.

  Table 1 shows that when the cultivation method of the present invention was used, tomatoes having a high fruit weight and high sugar content could be harvested, and the proportion of damaged fruits could be kept low. Therefore, the present invention provides a plant cultivation method effective for crop growth while suppressing the cost required for supplementary light.

Schematic of the aspect which irradiates the light which uses the light emitting diode in this invention as a light source to a cultivated plant.

Claims (4)

  In a solar-powered house, a plant cultivation method of irradiating a cultivated plant with two types of light using a white light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode as a light source. A plant cultivation method, wherein the amount of light radiant energy in the wavelength region of ˜700 nm is in the range of 25 to 50%, and the amount of light radiant energy in the wavelength region of 500 to 600 nm is in the range of 15 to 30%.   The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the white light emitting diode is a type using a blue light emitting diode, a green phosphor, and a red phosphor. The plant cultivation method of Claim 1 or 2 which performs the low-stage dense planting cultivation of a tomato. The plant cultivation method of Claim 1 or 2 which performs strawberry cultivation using light-shielding material.

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