JP5093097B2 - 細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域多量体 - Google Patents
細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域多量体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)PD−1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体。
(2)PD−1の細胞外領域が、直接にまたはペプチドリンカーを介して、直列に結合された構成を有する前記1記載の多量体。
(3)PD−1の細胞外領域が、ヒトもしくはマウスPD−1の25〜145番目の領域を構成する1〜3個のアミノ酸が他のアミノ酸によって置換された当該領域である前記(1)記載の多量体。
(4)PD−1の細胞外領域の数が、4個である前記(1)記載の多量体。
(5)PD−1の細胞外領域が、ペプチドリンカーを介して、直列に結合された構成を有する前記(2)記載の多量体。
(6)2〜15個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーである前記(5)記載の多量体。
(7)配列番号1または3で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有する前記(6)記載の多量体。
(8)前記(1)記載の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(9)前記(7)記載の多量体をコードする前記(8)記載のポリヌクレオチド。
(10)配列番号2または4で表わされる塩基配列を有する前記(9)記載のポリヌクレオチド。
(11)前記(8)記載のポリヌクレオチドが組み込まれた発現ベクター。
(12)前記(11)記載の発現ベクターにより形質転換された形質転換体。
(13)PD−L1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体。
(14)PD−L1の細胞外領域が、直接にまたはリンカーを介して、直列に結合された構成を有する前記(13)記載の多量体。
(15)PD−L1の細胞外領域がヒトPD−L1の18〜230番目の領域またはマウスPD−L1の18〜229番目の領域を構成する1〜3個のアミノ酸が他のアミノ酸によって置換された当該領域である前記(13)記載の多量体。
(16)PD−L1の細胞外領域の数が、4個である前記(13)記載の多量体。
(17)PD−L1の細胞外領域が、ペプチドリンカーを介して、直列に結合された構成を有する前記(14)記載の多量体。
(18)2〜15個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーである前記(17)記載の多量体。
(19)配列番号5または7で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有する前記(18)記載の多量体。
(20)前記(13)記載の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(21)前記(19)記載の多量体をコードする前記(20)記載のポリヌクレオチド。
(22)配列番号6または8で表わされる塩基配列を有する前記(21)記載のポリヌクレオチド。
(23)前記(22)記載のポリヌクレオチドが組み込まれた発現ベクター。
(24)前記(23)記載の発現ベクターにより形質転換された形質転換体。
(25)(i)前記(12)または(24)記載の形質転換体を培養する工程、(ii)その形質転換体を超音波、リゾチーム処理および/または凍結融解により破壊する工程ならびに(iii)塩析もしくは溶媒沈澱法、透析法、限外ろ過法、ゲルろ過法もしくはSDS−ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動法、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、疎水性クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィーおよび/または等電点電気泳動法により精製する工程を含む前記(1)または(13)記載の多量体の製造方法。
(26)前記(1)または(13)記載の多量体を有効成分として含有してなる医薬組成物。
(27)癌もしくは癌転移、免疫不全症または感染症に対する予防および/または治療剤である前記(26)記載の医薬組成物。
(28)前記(1)または(13)記載の多量体と、化学療法薬、癌治療補助薬、免疫賦活薬、癌抗原、抗ウイルス薬、抗生物質製剤、抗菌薬、真菌症治療薬およびワクチンから選択される1種以上を組み合わせてなる医薬。
(29)PD−1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを特徴とする、癌もしくは癌転移、免疫不全症、および感染症から選択される疾患の予防および/または治療方法。
(30)癌もしくは癌転移、免疫不全症および感染症から選択される疾患の予防および/または治療剤を製造するための、PD−1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体の使用。
(31)PD−L1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体の有効量を哺乳動物に投与することを特徴とする、癌もしくは癌転移、免疫不全症、および感染症から選択される疾患の予防および/または治療方法。
(32)癌もしくは癌転移、免疫不全症および感染症から選択される疾患の予防および/または治療剤を製造するための、PD−L1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体の使用。
(33)PD−1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体からなるPD−L1検出薬。
(34)PD−L1の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んでなる構成を有する多量体からなるPD−1検出薬。
また、それら多量体の標識体は、抗体に少なからず認められる非特異的な結合を全く示さず、それぞれのリガンドを非常に特異的に認識することができる検出試薬として優れている。
本発明において「多量体」は、細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域を2〜10個含んだ構成を有するポリペプチドまたはその塩をいい、以下、「本発明の多量体」と略記することがある。ここで、多量体を構成する「細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域」としては、例えば、野生型の細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域が分離されたものや遊離型の細胞表面機能分子の全部または一部等が挙げられる。さらに、その細胞外領域あるいは遊離型の細胞表面機能分子の機能と同じ機能を有するものであって、そのアミノ酸配列中の一部のアミノ酸(好ましくは1〜3個、より好ましくは1個)が欠失、他のアミノ酸への置換もしくは挿入されたものおよびそれらが組み合わされた改変を有するもの(以下、「細胞外領域等」と略記することがある。)も含まれる。ここで、上記アミノ酸の欠失、置換または挿入の位置および置換アミノ酸の種類は特に限定されないが、そのリホールディングあるいは結合活性の向上等のために行われる改変が好ましい。
また、本発明の多量体の塩は、溶媒和物に変換することもできる。溶媒和物は非毒性かつ水溶性であることが好ましい。適当な溶媒和物としては、例えば、水、アルコール系の溶媒(例えば、エタノール等)のような溶媒との溶媒和物が挙げられる。
本発明において「多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチド」としては、本発明の多量体をコードする塩基配列を有するものであれば、いずれのものであってもよい。例えば、野生型の細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域をコードするポリヌクレオチドが、直接にまたはペプチドリンカーをコードするポリヌクレオチドを介して、2〜10個直列に結合された構成を有するポリヌクレオチドが挙げられる。
本発明の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチドが組み込まれた発現ベクター(以下、本発明の発現ベクターと略記することがある。)は、本発明の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチドを適当な発現ベクター中のプロモーターの下流に連結することにより調製することができる。その調製は遺伝子組み換え手法に関する公知の方法または実施例に準じた方法により行うことができる。ここで、発現ベクターとしては、例えば、大腸菌用発現ベクター(例えば、pBR322、pBR325、pUC12、pUC13その他一般に市販されているもの)、枯草菌由来プラスミド(例えば、pUB110、pTP5、pC194その他一般に市販されているもの)、酵母用発現ベクター(例えば、pSH19、pSH15その他一般に市販されているもの)、動物細胞用発現ベクター(例えば、pA1−11、pXT1、pRc/CMV、pRc/RSV、pcDNAI/Neoその他一般に市販されているもの)、バクテリオファージ(例えば、λファージ等)または動物ウイルス(例えば、レトロウイルス、ワクシニアウイルス、バキュロウイルス等)を用いることができる。
本発明の形質転換体の宿主としては、例えば、エシェリヒア属菌、バチルス属菌、酵母、昆虫細胞、昆虫および動物細胞等が挙げられる。
昆虫としては、例えば、カイコの幼虫等が用いられる。
本発明の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチドは、公知の方法あるいは実施例に準じた方法に従って製造することができる。例えば、本発明の多量体を構成する細胞表面機能分子の細胞外領域の一部をコードする合成DNAプライマーを用いてPCR法により増幅することによって製造することができる。PCR法は、公知の方法あるいは実施例に準じた方法に従って実施することができる。以上の方法によって得られた本発明の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチドは、これを含有するベクターを適当な宿主に導入し、これを増殖させることによって、必要量得ることができる。
本発明の多量体は、上記形質転換体を培養し、その菌体あるいは細胞内で生産あるいは分泌させる方法によって製造することができる。例えば、本発明の多量体を培養菌体から抽出する場合、公知の方法で集めた菌体を適当な緩衝液に懸濁し、超音波、リゾチームおよび/または凍結融解等によって菌体あるいは細胞を破壊した後、遠心分離やろ過により可溶性蛋白質の粗抽出液を得る方法等が適宜用いられる。その緩衝液は、尿素や塩酸グアニジン等の蛋白質変性剤やTRITON(登録商標)X−100等の界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。
免疫療法はヒトが元来備え持っている免疫反応を外因的方法によって賦活化させる方法であるため、患者に対する負担が少なく、従来の投薬療法による副作用の軽減が期待できる。特に、癌治療における化学療法は患者に対して大きな負担を課す方法であるため、この負担を軽減させる療法として期待されている。
本発明の多量体の抗原性ないし毒性は非常に低いものであり、医薬として使用するために十分安全である。
本発明の多量体を医薬として用いる場合、単独あるいは薬理的に許容される各種製剤補助剤と混合して医薬組成物として投与することができる。
(1)本発明の予防および/または治療剤の予防および/または治療効果の補完および/または増強、
(2)本発明の予防および/または治療剤の動態、吸収改善、投与量の低減、および/または
(3)本発明の予防および/または治療剤の副作用の軽減のために、他の薬剤と組み合わせて投与してもよい。
本発明の多量体はそのリガンド分子に対して強力にかつ特異的に結合することから、その標識体はその細胞表面機能分子あるいはそのリガンド分子が関与する疾患の検査もしくは診断薬またはそれらの研究試薬として使用することができる。
上記標識物質を本発明の多量体に結合させるには、例えば、EIA、RIA、あるいはFIA等において一般に行われている公知の標識方法[医化学実験講座,第8巻,山村雄一監修,第1版,中山書店,1971年;図説 蛍光抗体,川生明著,第1版,(株)ソフトサイエンス社,1983年;酵素免疫測定法,石川栄治,河合忠,室井潔編,第2版,医学書院,1982年]を適宜利用して行うことができる。
pBluescriptにサブクローニングされたhPD−1cDNA(非特許文献1参照)を鋳型として、フォーワードプライマー(配列番号9)とリバースプライマー(配列番号10)を使用して、PCR反応(0.05U/μL ExTaq(宝酒造株式会社),0.5μM 各プライマー;94℃で1分間、50℃で1分間および72℃で2分間の35サイクル)により、hPD−1細胞外領域(hPD−1のアミノ酸配列25〜145番目までの領域)をコードするDNA断片を取得した。QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit(キアゲン社)を使用して、そのDNA断片を精製し、EcoRIおよびSalIの制限酵素によって消化したその断片をpET発現ベクターにクローニングした。
さらに、QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit(ストラタジーン社)を用いた一変異導入により、そのアミノ酸配列93番目のシステインに対応するコドンTGCをセリンに対応するTCCに変換した。かかる一変異導入は同キット添付書記載の方法に従った。
同様に、mPD−1cDNA(EMBO Journal,1992年,第11巻,第11号,p.3887-3895)を鋳型として、フォーワードプライマー(配列番号11)とリバースプライマー(配列番号12)を使用して、上記PCR反応により、mPD−1細胞外領域(hPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜230番目までの領域)をコードするDNA断片を取得し、上記と同様に発現ベクターにクローニングした。さらに、上記と同様の方法により、そのアミノ酸配列83番目のシステインに対応するコドンTGCをセリンに対応するAGCに変換した。
同様に、hPD−L1cDNA(非特許文献6参照)を鋳型として、フォーワードプライマー(配列番号13)とリバースプライマー(配列番号14)を使用して、上記PCR反応により、hPD−L1細胞外領域(hPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜230番目までの領域)をコードするDNA断片を取得し、上記と同様に発現ベクターにクローニングした。
mPD−L1cDNA(非特許文献6参照)を鋳型として、フォーワードプライマー(配列番号15)とリバースプライマー(配列番号16)を使用して、上記PCR反応により、mPD−L1細胞外領域(mPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜229番目までの領域)をコードするDNA断片を取得し、上記と同様に発現ベクターにクローニングした。さらに、上記と同様の方法により、そのアミノ酸配列113番目のシステインに対応するコドンTGCをセリンに対応するAGCに変換した。
実施例1で作製された各発現ベクターをRosetta(DE3)pLys大腸菌に、エレクトロポーレーションにて導入し、選択培地にて増殖したコロニーをTB培地(0.4% グリセロール,50μg/mL アンピシリン,34μg/mL クロラムフェニコール,50μg/mL カルベニシリン(和光純薬株式会社)および消泡剤1滴含テリフィック培地(ディフコ社))で約5時間培養した。これに1mM イソプロピル−β−D(−)チオガラクトピラノシド(IPTG)を添加し、さらに10時間培養した。
集菌後、10mM トリス・塩酸(pH8.0)にて洗浄した後、懸濁緩衝液(10〜100mM トリス・塩酸(pH7.0〜8.0),15〜25%w/v スクロース,0.5〜2.0mM Na2EDTA(pH8.0),0.05〜0.15%アジ化ナトリウム,5〜15mM ジチオトレイトール(以下、DTTと略記する。))に懸濁して、室温下1時間適当量のリゾチームで処理した。この懸濁液に、溶解緩衝液(10〜100mM トリス・塩酸(pH7.0〜8.0),0.5〜1.5%v/v TRITON(登録商標)−X100,0.5〜1.0%w/v デオキシコール酸ナトリウム,50〜200mM 塩化ナトリウム,0.05〜0.15% アジ化ナトリウム,5〜15mM DTT,0.5〜2.0mM Na2EDTA(pH8.0))を添加、混合して室温下1時間激しく振騰した後、−80℃下一晩静置した。解凍後、DNase処理溶液(1mg DNaseI,30〜90mM 塩化マグネシウム)を添加して、8時間激しく振騰した。
遠心分離後、回収した封入体沈殿物を洗浄緩衝液(10〜100mM トリス・塩酸(pH7.0〜8.0),0.1〜1.5% TRITON(登録商標)X−100,50〜200mM 塩化ナトリウム,0.05〜0.15% アジ化ナトリウム,0.5〜1.5mM DTT,0.5〜1.5mM Na2EDTA(pH8.0))で洗浄した後、ホモジナイズした。これを洗浄緩衝液にて2回洗浄した後、さらにリンスし、尿素−グアニジン溶液(15〜30mM MES(pH5.5〜6.5),5〜15mM Na2EDTA(pH8.0),0.5〜2.0M 尿素,4〜6M 塩酸グアニジン,0.5〜1.5mM DTT)に懸濁してホモジナイズした。遠心分離後の上清を回収し、DTTの終濃度を20〜60mMとして、37℃下で1時間静置した。
上記の方法により調製した各細胞外ドメインをリホールディングさせるため、リホールディング緩衝液(0.5〜1.0M 塩酸アルギニン,60〜150mM トリス・塩酸緩衝液(pH8.0),0.1〜1.0M スクロース,0.1〜1.0M 塩酸グアニジン,0.3〜0.7mM 還元グルタチオン,0.03〜0.06mM 酸化グルタチオン,0.5〜3.0mM Na2EDTA(pH8.0),0.2〜0.7mM フェニルメタンスルホニルフルオリド)中、4℃下で一晩静置した。これを4℃下で0.1〜0.3M 尿素溶液にて透析し、さらに、5〜15mM トリス・塩酸緩衝液(pH7.0〜8.0)にて3回透析した後、DE52陰イオン交換カラム(ワットマン インターナショナル社)およびQ−セファロースカラム(アマシャム バイオサイエンス社)にて処理した(図1AおよびD参照)。
さらに、塩化ナトリウム濃度勾配下(10〜30mM トリス・塩酸緩衝液(pH7.0〜8.0))でのゲルろ過カラムクロマトグラフィー(Superdex200)にて精製した(図1BおよびE参照)。なお、実施例中の各成分濃度はタンパク質発現の分野における公知の技術に準じた至適濃度を採用した。
精製された各細胞外領域を、定常の方法により、円二色性分散計解析(CD解析)した。その結果を図1に示した。
図1中、(A)および(D)は、mPD−1細胞外領域およびmPD−L1細胞外領域のそれぞれの陰イオン交換カラムクロマトクラフィーの溶出パターンを表わす。また、(B)および(E)は、mPD−1細胞外領域およびmPD−L1細胞外領域のそれぞれのゲルろ過クロマトクラフィーの溶出パターンを表わす。(C)および(F)は、精製されたmPD−1細胞外領域およびmPD−L1細胞外領域のそれぞれの円二色性分散計解析の結果を表わす。
[結果]
CD解析の結果、βシート構造に特有のスペクトルから、各細胞外領域がリホールディングされていることが確認された(図1CおよびF参照)。
なお、同様の方法により、hPD−1細胞外領域およびhPD−L1細胞外領域を精製およびリホールディングさせた。
実施例2で調製した各細胞外領域を、5〜20mM トリス・塩酸緩衝液(pH7.0〜8.0)にて透析した。透析後、タンパク質調製液(300μL)に、200〜600mM d−ビオチン(30μL)、溶液A(0.5M ビシン(pH8.0〜8.5);40μL)、溶液B(100mM アデノシン三リン酸,100mM 酢酸マグネシウム,200mM d−ビオチン;40μL)および1mg/mL BirA酵素(2.5μL;コスモバイオ社)を添加した。この混合液を室温下で一晩反応させ、10mM トリス・塩酸緩衝液(pH8.0)にて透析した。これにR−PE−ストレプトアビジン(ベクトン ディッキンソン社)を添加し、セファデックスゲルにて精製した。なお、実施例中の各成分濃度はタンパク質発現の分野における公知の技術に準じた至適濃度を採用した。
5×105個のhPD−L1発現P815細胞(以下、P815/hPD−L1細胞と略記することがある。非特許文献8に記載された方法に準じて作製した。)に、実施例3で調製したmPD−1四量体(50μL)を添加して、氷上暗所にて20分間静置した。これを生理食塩水にて3回洗浄したのち、R−PE−ストレプトアビジン(100μL)を添加した。さらに、これを氷上暗所にて20分間静置し、2回洗浄したのち、PBS(200μL,1%パラホルムアルデヒド)に懸濁し、さらに生理食塩水(500μL)を添加した。この細胞懸濁液をフローサイトメター(FACScalibur)(ベクトン ディッキンソン社)にて解析した。コントロールとして、アイソタイプ適合抗体を用いた。
実施例3で調製したmPD−L1四量体の解析には、mPD−1発現IIA.6細胞(以下、IIA.6/mPD−1細胞と略記することがある。)を用いて、上記と同様に行った。IIA.6/mPD−1細胞は、Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.,2001年,第98巻,第24号,p.13866-71に記載された方法に準じて作製した。その結果を図2に示した。
図2中、(A)および(E)は、mPD−1単量体およびmPD−L1単量体のそれぞれのP815/hPD−L1細胞に対する結合を、(C)および(G)は、mPD−1四量体およびmPD−L1四量体のそれぞれのP815/hPD−L1細胞に対する結合を表わす。(B)および(F)は、mPD−1単量体およびmPD−L1単量体のそれぞれのP815細胞に対する結合を、(D)および(H)は、mPD−1四量体およびmPD−L1四量体のそれぞれのP815細胞に対する結合を表わす。各図中、太線は各単量体または各四量体の添加を、細線はコントロールであるR−PE−ストレプトアビジン添加を表わす。
[結果]
mPD−1四量体およびmPD−L1四量体は、それぞれの単量体に比べ顕著な結合活性の上昇を示した(図2CおよびG参照)。同様に、hPD−1四量体もその単量体にくらべ顕著な結合活性の上昇を示した。
表面プラズモン共鳴解析は、BIAcore(ビアコア株式会社)にて行った。20μg/mLのmPD−1/Fc(10mM 酢酸緩衝液(pH4.0);R&Dシステム社)を、そのCM5センサーチップに固定して、1M エタノールアミン−塩酸緩衝液(pH8.5)にてブロッキングした後、10mM グリシン−塩酸緩衝液(pH1.5)にて洗浄した。100、50、および25μg/mLのmPD−L1四量体、ならびに100、50、25、12.5、および6.25μg/mLのmPD−L1単量体を10μL/分の流速にてそれぞれインジェクトして、mPD−1/Fcへの結合活性を測定した。Kd値の算出はBIAcore付属の解析ソフトウェアにて行った。また、hPD−1四量体およびmPD−1四量体についても上記と同様の方法(リガンドとしてhPD−L1/FcまたはmPD−L1/Fcを使用)で実施した。その結果を図3に示した。なお、hPD−L1四量体についても上記と同様の方法で実施できる。
図3中、(A)はmPD−L1単量体のmPD−1/Fcへの結合を、(B)はmPD−L1四量体のmPD−1/Fcへの結合を表わす。
[結果]
mPD−L1単量体のmPD−1/Fcに対するKd値(解離定数)は、8.6×10−6であったのに対し、mPD−L1四量体は5.9×10−8であった。mPD−L1四量体は、その単量体に対して約150倍の結合活性の上昇を示した(図3(A)、(B)参照)。
mPD−1単量体のmPD−L1/Fcに対するKd値は、5.6×10−6であったのに対し、mPD−1四量体は2.8×10−8であった。mPD−1四量体は、その単量体に対して約200倍の結合活性の上昇を示した。
hPD−1単量体のhPD−L1/Fcに対するKd値は、1.9×10−6であったのに対し、hPD−1四量体は7.3×10−8であった。hPD−1四量体は、その単量体に対して約26倍の結合活性の上昇を示した。
mPD−L1四量体による結合阻害を、実施例4の後段記載の方法に準じて行った。
5×105個のIIA.6/mPD−1細胞を、100μg/mLのmPD−L1四量体の存在下あるいは非存在下で、10μg/mLのmPD−L1/FcおよびFITC標識抗Fc抗体で染色した。その結果を図4Aに示した。mPD−1四量体については、P815/hPD−L1細胞を用いて同様に実施することができる。
図中、太線はmPD−L1四量体無添加を、細線はmPD−L1四量体添加を、点線はコントロールであるFITC共役二次抗体添加を表わす。
[結果]
mPD−L1四量体は、mPD−L1/FcのIIA.6/mPD−1細胞への結合を阻害した(図4A参照)。
2Cトランスジェニック(Tg)マウス(Journal of Immunology,1996年,第157巻,第2号,p.670〜678)由来の1×105個のリンパ球系細胞(脾臓細胞+二次リンパ節細胞)を、マイトマイシンC処理したBalb/cマウス由来の脾臓細胞とともに、37℃下で3日間共培養した。さらに、各3、10μg/mLの抗マウスPD−1抗体、抗マウスPD−L1抗体、mPD−L1四量体の存在下で培養し、測定14時間前に2μCiの[3H]−チミジンを添加して培養した。細胞増殖活性の測定は公知の方法に準じて行った。その結果を図4Bに示した。また、mPD−1四量体についても上記と同様の方法で実施できる。
図中、1:未刺激群(バックグラウンド)、2:リン酸緩衝液添加群(コントロール)、3:3μg/mL 抗mPD−1抗体添加群、4:10μg/mL 抗mPD−1抗体添加群、5:3μg/mL 抗mPD−L1抗体添加群、6:10μg/mL 抗mPD−L1抗体添加群、7:3μg/mL mPD−L1四量体添加群、8:10μg/mL mPD−L1四量体添加群を表わす。
[結果]
mPD−L1四量体は、抗マウスPD−1抗体や抗マウスPD−L1抗体と比較して、リンパ球系細胞に対して顕著な細胞増殖活性を示した(図4B.7および8参照)。
細胞傷害活性の測定は、国際公開第2004/004771号パンフレットの実施例1記載の方法に準じて行った。
2CTgマウス由来のリンパ球細胞をマイトマイシンC処理したBalb/cマウス由来の脾臓細胞とともに、37℃下で2週間共培養した。共培養によりCD8陽性T細胞となった1×104〜8×104個の細胞(エフェクター細胞)を、各5μg/mLの抗マウスPD−1抗体、抗mPD−L1抗体、mPD−L1四量体の存在下、51Cr−クエン酸ナトリウムでラベル化した1×104個のBalb/cマウス由来脾臓細胞(ターゲット細胞)と共に37℃下で5時間培養した後、そのターゲット細胞に対するエフェクター細胞による細胞傷害活性を測定した。その結果を図4Cに示した。また、mPD−1四量体についても上記と同様の方法で実施できる。
図中、○印はコントロール群、黒三角印はmPD−L1四量体添加群、黒四角印は抗mPD−1抗体添加群、●印は抗mPD−L1抗体添加群を表わす。E/T比とは、エフェクター(E)細胞数とターゲット(T)細胞数の比率を表わす。
[結果]
mPD−L1四量体は、リンパ球細胞の細胞傷害活性を抗mPD−1抗体および抗mPD−L1抗体と同等に増強させた(図4C.黒三角印参照)。
PD−1欠損マウス(非特許文献3参照)から単離した、抗CD3抗体刺激脾臓細胞にFcブロッキング抗体もしくはR−REを添加し、各5μg/mLのmPD−L1四量体(R−PE−ストレプトアビジンと共役したもの)およびmPD−1抗体(R−PEと共役したもの)をそれぞれ添加して、以下、実施例4記載の方法と同様にフローサイトメターにて解析した。
同様に、PD−1欠損マウスから単離した、LPS(lipopolysaccharide)刺激脾臓細胞にFcブロッキング抗体もしくはR−REを添加し、各5μg/mLのmPD−L1四量体および抗mPD−1抗体をそれぞれ添加して、以下、同様に解析した。その結果を図5に示した。また、mPD−1四量体についても上記と同様の方法で実施できる。
図中、(A)は、PD−1欠損マウスの抗CD3抗体刺激脾臓細胞に対する抗mPD−1抗体とmPD−L1四量体の結合を、(B)は同マウスのLPS刺激脾臓細胞に対する同結合の比較を表わす。各図において、太線はmPD−L1四量体添加を、細線は抗mPD−1抗体添加を、点線はコントロールを示す。図中の矢印は、抗mPD−1抗体添加によるヒストグラムのシフトを表わす。
[結果]
PD−1欠損マウスはPD−1を発現しないため、原理的には抗mPD−1抗体は結合しないはずであるが、PD−1欠損マウスのLPS刺激脾臓細胞に対して若干結合した(図5.Bの細線(矢印))。一方、PD−1欠損マウスの脾臓細胞へのmPD−L1四量体の結合は全く認められなかった(図5.AおよびBの太線)。
製剤例1
生理食塩水100ml中に、配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD−1細胞外領域多量体(1g)、マンニトール(1g)及びポリソルベート80(10mg)を含有する溶液を無菌的に調製し、1mlずつバイアルに分注した後、凍結乾燥して密封した。
0.02M リン酸緩衝液(0.15M 塩化ナトリウム及び0.01% ポリソルベート80含有(pH7.4))100ml中に、配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD−1細胞外領域多量体(1g)及びヒト血清アルブミン100mgを含む水溶液を無菌的に配合して、1mlずつバイアルに分注した。次いで、各バイアル中の液剤を凍結乾燥して密封した。
注射用蒸留水100ml中に、配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有するヒトPD−1細胞外領域多量体(1g)、ソルビトール(2mg)、グリシン(2mg)及びポリソルベート80(10mg)を含む溶液を無菌的に調製し、1mlずつバイアルに分注した後、凍結乾燥して密封した。
Claims (18)
- PD−1の細胞外領域が直接にもしくは4〜8個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーを介して直列に4個結合した多量体であって、PD−1の細胞外領域が、(a)ヒトPD−1のアミノ酸配列1〜167番目の領域、(b)マウスPD−1のアミノ酸配列1〜169番目の領域、(c)ヒトもしくはマウスPD−1のアミノ酸配列25〜145番目の領域もしくは(d)1〜3個のアミノ酸が他のアミノ酸によって置換された上記(a)〜(c)のいずれかの領域であってPD−L1に対する結合活性を保持する領域であり、PD−L1に対する結合活性がPD−1の細胞外領域の単量体に比較して26〜200倍向上した当該多量体。
- PD−1の細胞外領域が、(e)ヒトもしくはマウスPD−1のアミノ酸配列25〜145番目の領域、(f)93番目のシステインがセリンに置換されたヒトPD−1のアミノ酸配列25〜145番目の領域または(g)83番目のシステインがセリンに置換されたマウスPD−1のアミノ酸配列25〜145番目の領域である請求項1記載の多量体。
- PD−1の細胞外領域が6個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーを介して直列に4個結合した請求項1または2記載の多量体。
- 配列番号1または3で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有する請求項1記載の多量体。
- 請求項1記載の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項4記載の多量体をコードする請求項5記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号2または4で表わされる塩基配列を有する請求項6記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1記載の多量体からなるPD−L1検出薬。
- PD−L1の細胞外領域が直接にもしくは4〜8個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーを介して直列に4個結合した多量体であって、PD−L1の細胞外領域が、(a)ヒトPD−L1のアミノ酸配列1〜238番目の領域、(b)マウスPD−L1のアミノ酸配列1〜237番目の領域、(c)ヒトPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜230番目の領域、(d)マウスPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜229番目の領域または(e)1〜3個のアミノ酸が他のアミノ酸によって置換された上記(a)〜(d)のいずれかの領域であってPD−1に対する結合活性を保持する領域である当該多量体。
- PD−L1の細胞外領域が、(f)ヒトPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜230番目の領域、(g)マウスPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜229番目の領域または(h)113番目のシステインがセリンに置換されたマウスPD−L1のアミノ酸配列18〜229番目の領域である請求項9記載の多量体。
- PD−L1の細胞外領域が6個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドリンカーを介して直列に4個結合した請求項9または10記載の多量体。
- 請求項9記載の多量体からなるリンパ球系細胞増殖活性増強剤。
- 請求項9記載の多量体からなるリンパ球系細胞傷害活性増強剤。
- 配列番号5または7で表わされるアミノ酸配列を有する請求項9記載の多量体。
- 請求項9記載の多量体をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項14記載の多量体をコードする請求項15記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号6または8で表わされる塩基配列を有する請求項15記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項9記載の多量体からなるPD−1検出薬。
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