JP5078615B2 - 拡散結合増強層を有するAl2O3セラミック工具 - Google Patents
拡散結合増強層を有するAl2O3セラミック工具 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の方法の態様は、基材を塩化アルミニウムと窒素に曝露し、このとき基材はアルミナとジルコニアを含み、そして基材を化学蒸着法または物理蒸着法のうちの少なくとも一つによって被覆することを含む。基材は、基材の総質量の0.5〜45質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含んでいてもよい。この方法は、塩化アルミニウムと窒素を含む気体混合物に基材を曝露することを含んでいてもよい。
引掻き試験
基材と最初の耐摩耗性被覆とを介在する拡散結合増強層を有する切削工具がCVD被覆またはPVD被覆(単一の層または複数の層)に対して強い付着を与えるかどうかを測定するために、性能評価試験が行なわれた。二つの切削工具が用意され、一つは基材に直接付着された複数の耐摩耗性被覆を有していて、第二のものは基材と上記の方法によって形成された複数の耐摩耗性被覆とを介在する拡散結合増強層を有していた。両者の切削インサートは、CVDによってTiN -TiCN -TiNで同様にして3マイクロメートルの厚さに被覆された。図3Aと図3Bは、10kgの一定荷重の下で引掻き試験を行なった後の、被覆したセラミック基材の各々の写真である。図3Aの切削インサート40は拡散結合増強層を有しておらず、図3Bの切削インサート50は拡散結合増強層を有している。図3Aに示されるように、CVD被覆41は、加えられた引掻き圧力の下で引掻きの痕跡42に沿って剥離して削り取られていて、白いセラミックの表面43が露出している。実際に、図3Aにおける幅広の引掻き痕42を図3Bにおける狭い引掻き痕52と比較することによって、拡散結合増強層を伴わないCVD被覆の弱い付着力も示されている。図3Aにおいて広い引掻き42が形成されたのは、耐摩耗性被覆41が、試験の間に加えられた引掻き荷重(両者のケースについて同じ10kgの一定圧力)による削り取りと剥離に対して低い耐性を有しているためである。一方、図3Bにおける狭い引掻き痕52の形成は、Al2O3/ZrO2セラミック基材と付着されたCVD被覆との間にある拡散結合増強層へのCVD被覆51の強い付着力の結果である。拡散結合増強層はAl2O3/ZrO2セラミック基材の上へのCVD被覆の付着性を改善する、ということが引掻き試験によって明確に示されている。
中間の拡散結合増強層と複数の耐摩耗性被覆を有する切削工具の利点を実証するために、様々な切削条件の下で様々な被加工材を用いて、一連の切削加工比較試験が行なわれた。
表1に示すように、切削加工比較試験のために三つのAl2O3/ZrO2セラミック切削工具が選ばれた。全ての切削インサートはSNEN120412として指定された通りの同じ型と形状を有し、その指定は、ISO規格に従って12mmの内接直径(inscribed diameter)を有する正方形、4.76mmの厚さ、および1.20mmのコーナーノーズ半径(corner nose radius)を示す。ケース1の切削インサートは、刃先の周囲に単一のT領域(T-Land)を有する。
切削速度=1600フィート/分(480メートル/分)
送り速度=0.01インチ/回転(0.25mm/回転)
切削深さ=0.020インチ(0.5mm)。
表2に示すように、切削加工比較試験のために三つのAl2O3/ZrO2セラミック切削工具が選ばれた。全ての切削インサートはRCGX251200として指定された通りの同じ型と形状を有し、その指定は、ISO規格に従って25mmの直径を有する丸い形状、7度の側面逃げ角、および12.7mmの厚さを示す。ケース2の切削インサートは、刃先の周囲に二重のT領域(T-Land)を有するようにして製造された。
切削速度=1000フィート/分(305メートル/分)
送り速度=0.03〜0.055インチ/回転(0.76〜1.40mm/回転)
切削深さ=0.027〜0.055インチ(0.69〜1.40mm)。
Claims (51)
- 酸化アルミニウムおよび酸化ジルコニウムを含む基材;および
拡散結合増強層
を含んでなり、
該拡散結合増強層が、窒素および塩化アルミニウムを含む気体混合物と酸化アルミニウム及び酸化ジルコニウムの少なくとも一つとの間の反応生成物を含み、
該反応生成物が、ジルコニウムの窒化物、酸化ジルコニウム及びアルミニウムの窒化物を含む、切削工具。 - 耐摩耗性被覆をさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 該拡散結合増強層の厚さが0.25〜2.0マイクロメートルの範囲である、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が0.5〜45質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が0.5〜26質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項4に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が2〜26質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項5に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が9〜11質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項6に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が0.3〜35質量%のジルコニウムを含む、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 該基材が6〜20質量%のジルコニウムを含む、請求項8に記載の切削工具。
- 該被覆が、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項2に記載の切削工具。
- 該被覆が、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項10に記載の切削工具。
- 第二の被覆をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の切削工具。
- 該第二の被覆が、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項12に記載の切削工具。
- 該第二の被覆が、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項13に記載の切削工具。
- 該被覆が1〜20マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項10に記載の切削工具。
- 該第二の被覆が1〜20マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項13に記載の切削工具。
- 酸化アルミニウムおよび酸化ジルコニウムを含む基材;
窒素および塩化アルミニウムを含む気体混合物と酸化アルミニウム及び酸化ジルコニウムの少なくとも一つとの反応生成物を含む中間層、ここで該反応生成物はジルコニウムの窒化物、酸化ジルコニウムおよびアルミニウムの窒化物を含む;および
第一の耐摩耗性被覆
を含んでなる切削インサート。 - 該第一の耐磨耗性被覆の上に第二の耐摩耗性被覆をさらに含んでなる、請求項17に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第一の耐摩耗性被覆と該第二の耐摩耗性被覆の厚さは、合わせて1〜20マイクロメートルである、請求項18に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第一の耐摩耗性被覆と該第二の耐摩耗性被覆は、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つをそれぞれ独立して含む、請求項19に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第一の耐摩耗性被覆と該第二の耐摩耗性被覆は、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つをそれぞれ独立して含む、請求項20に記載の切削インサート。
- 第三の耐摩耗性被覆をさらに含んでなる、請求項19に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第三の耐摩耗性被覆が、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項22に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第三の耐摩耗性被覆が、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項23に記載の切削インサート。
- 該第一の耐摩耗性被覆は窒化チタンを含み、該第二の耐摩耗性被覆は炭窒化チタンを含み、そして該第三の耐摩耗性被覆は窒化チタンを含む、請求項22に記載の切削インサート。
- 中間層は0.25〜2マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項25に記載の切削インサート。
- 第一の耐摩耗性被覆、第二の耐摩耗性被覆、および第三の耐摩耗性被覆のうちの少なくとも一つが化学蒸着法によって施されたものである、請求項26に記載の切削インサート。
- 基材中の酸化ジルコニウムの濃度が0.5〜45質量%である、請求項27に記載の切削インサート。
- アルミナおよびジルコニアを含む基材を塩化アルミニウムと窒素に曝露すること、ここで塩化アルミニウムと窒素を該基材のアルミナおよびジルコニアの少なくとも一つと反応させる;そして
該基材を化学蒸着法および物理蒸着法のうちの少なくとも一つによって第一の被覆で被覆すること
を含む、切削工具に被覆を施す方法。 - 該基材が0.5〜45質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 該基材が0.5〜26質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 該基材が2〜26質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 該基材が0.5〜11質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 該基材が9〜11質量%の酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 基材を塩化アルミニウムと窒素に曝露することが、基材を塩化アルミニウムと窒素を含む気体混合物に曝露することを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が200ミリバール〜1500ミリバールの圧力下にある、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が500ミリバール〜1000ミリバールの圧力下にある、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 気体混合物は50℃〜1400℃の温度を有する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が50℃〜1200℃の温度を有する、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が500℃〜1200℃の温度を有する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が1000℃〜1200℃の温度を有する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が25質量%〜99質量%の濃度の塩化アルミニウムを含む、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 該気体混合物が75質量%〜99質量%の濃度の塩化アルミニウムを含む、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 基材を化学蒸着法および物理蒸着法のうちの少なくとも一つによって被覆することにより、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つを含む被覆が形成される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 該被覆が、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 基材を物理蒸着法および化学蒸着法のうちの一つによって第二の被覆で被覆することをさらに含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 基材を第二の被覆で被覆することにより、周期表のIIIA族、IVB族、VB族、およびVIB族から選択される金属の金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属ケイ素、および金属酸化物のうちの少なくとも一つを含む第二の被覆が形成される、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 該第二の被覆が、窒化チタン(TiN)、炭窒化チタン(TiCN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン(TiAlN)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭素(TiAlN+C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム(AlTiN)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭素(AlTiN+C)、窒化アルミニウムチタン・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(TiAlN+WC/C)、窒化チタンアルミニウム・プラス炭化タングステン/炭素(AlTiN+WC/C)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、炭化タングステン/炭素(WC/C)、窒化クロム(CrN)、および窒化クロムアルミニウム(AlCrN)のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 第一の被覆は0.25〜20マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 該第一の被覆が0.25〜5.0マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 全体の被覆は1〜20マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項47に記載の方法。
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US10/848,776 US7581906B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2004-05-19 | Al2O3 ceramic tools with diffusion bonding enhanced layer |
PCT/US2005/015720 WO2005121388A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-05 | Al2o3 ceramic tools with diffusion bonding enhanced layer |
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