JP5059530B2 - Composite lathe and workpiece machining method on composite lathe - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe including a tool post having a rotary tool axis (referred to as “rotary tool tool post” in this specification) and a turret tool post capable of combined machining, and a method of machining a shaft-like workpiece using the lathe In particular, the present invention relates to a technique for preventing bending and vibration of the workpiece tip (hereinafter referred to as “chatter vibration”) that occurs when machining the tip of a long and narrow workpiece gripped with the base end as the main axis.

  When a long and narrow workpiece is gripped by a lathe spindle (more precisely, a chuck mounted on the spindle) and machining is performed at a position away from the gripping position, the machining position may be biased due to bending of the workpiece due to machining reaction force. Causes problems such as vibrations, machining accuracy decreases, and machining load cannot be applied. As means for preventing the chatter vibration, means for providing a steadying member for supporting the outer periphery of the workpiece near the machining position and means for changing the gripping position of the workpiece near the machining position are employed.

  As the former means, for example, when two tool rests are provided across the spindle axis, and at least one of them is a turret tool rest, a steady member is attached to one place of the tool mounting station of the turret. When machining the tip of the workpiece (a position away from the spindle gripping position) with the tool mounted on the other tool post, the steady rest member is advanced to a position that receives the machining reaction force acting on the workpiece from the tool. Thus, the steadying member is brought into contact with and supported by the work outer peripheral surface in the vicinity of the machining position.

  Further, the latter means is, for example, when processing the tip of the workpiece gripped by the chuck when processing the elongated workpiece by gripping the base end and the tip of the workpiece using a two-spindle opposed lathe, First, open the chuck that grips the proximal end and move the distal chuck toward the proximal chuck, then grip the workpiece with the proximal chuck, open the distal chuck, and retract. The tip of the workpiece 7 gripped near the tip is processed (see FIG. 6).

  In the case of a two-spindle facing lathe, workpiece chatter vibrations can be suppressed by gripping and processing the base end and tip end of an elongated workpiece with two opposing spindles. However, when machining the end part (tip or base end) of the workpiece, it is necessary to separate the main shaft holding the end part from the workpiece, so chatter vibration of the workpiece occurs during this end machining. To do.

  A tool post with a rotating tool axis is provided on the lathe, and this rotating tool axis is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the ZX plane of the lathe, or in the turning direction (B-axis) around the Y-axis. By providing it in a possible manner, there is provided a composite lathe capable of realizing processing that was considered impossible with a lathe in cooperation with fixing of spindle rotation and contouring (low speed rotation). However, on the other hand, diversification or individualization of products is progressing, and even in processed products mainly made by lathe, the processed shape is complicated and individual (the processed shape and dimensions of each processed product are different) ) Workpiece processing is increasing.

  FIG. 3 shows an artificial bone as an example of such a workpiece. The material shown in the figure is titanium, which is a long and narrow cylindrical shape as a whole, but has a plurality of lateral holes 72 facing various directions, a female screw hole 71 is processed at the base end, and the outer periphery of the distal end portion. A plurality of axial grooves 74 and a long hole 73 penetrating in a direction perpendicular to the axis are processed, and a tip 75 thereof is processed into a complicated shape.

  This type of work has different lengths and thicknesses, angles and widths of the horizontal holes 72 and 73, and processing shapes of the grooves 74 and the tip 75 for each piece. And since a workpiece | work is an elongate shaft workpiece, if a front-end | tip part is processed in the state which hold | gripped only the base end, chatter vibration will occur. Furthermore, the chatter vibration preventing means as described above cannot be employed for the reasons described later. For this reason, in the conventional process, a part that can be machined by the lathe using a two-spindle compound lathe is machined, and then a workpiece end that cannot be machined by a complex lathe is machined by another machine such as a machining center. Processing was in progress.

  If processing that has been performed using a plurality of machines can be performed by a single machine, the equipment cost and processing time can be reduced. For this reason, there is a demand for processing all the workpieces such as the artificial bone described above using only a composite lathe.

  If a certain number of workpieces with the same shape are to be machined, even if the workpiece shape is complex, machining may be possible by using a jig or gripping claw (raw claw) according to the shape. . However, in an individual workpiece, a jig and a raw claw must be prepared for each workpiece. In a processing method using such a jig and a raw claw, the processing time including the processing of the jig, The processing cost will increase.

  That is, for example, in a method using a steadying member, a steadying jig corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the workpiece must be prepared for each workpiece. Further, in the method of gripping the vicinity of the tip with a chuck, a raw claw (a raw claw capable of gripping both the base end and the tip end) matched to the outer peripheral shape of the workpiece tip must be prepared for each workpiece.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and processes the tip of the workpiece individually, that is, processing of the tip of a workpiece having a different machining shape, machining dimension, machining position, etc. for each workpiece. It is an object to provide technical means that can be performed on a lathe that has processed a part, and does not require an individual jig, and can reduce the work processing time of the whole work. It is an object of the present invention to provide the above technical means.

  The present invention is made by paying attention to the fact that a workpiece such as the artificial bone illustrated in FIG. 3 is provided with a lateral hole 73 penetrating in the diameter direction of the workpiece at the tip. Therefore, the workpiece machining method using the composite lathe according to the present invention is a workpiece machining method including a machining step of machining the lateral hole 73 at the workpiece tip.

The composite lathe according to the invention of claim 1 of this application includes two turrets, a turret tool post 4 and a rotary tool tool post 5 having a rotary tool axis, which are arranged with a spindle axis 3 interposed therebetween, and a turret tool post 4. Turret biasing means for biasing in the Z-axis direction with a set force and a shaft tip machining control means. The shaft tip machining control means performs machining after machining the lateral hole 73 at the tip of the workpiece 7. The turret 43 attached to the turret 41 of the turret tool post 4 faces the work 7 when the code for machining the tip of the work 7 is read from the program by the rotary tool 51 attached to the rotary tool shaft. 41 is fixed and the main shaft 1 holding the base end of the work 7 is fixed so that the horizontal hole 73 is in a phase in which the rod material 43 extends, and the turret tool post 4 is moved to fix the rod material 43 to the horizontal hole. After inserting into 73 The turret tool rest 4 biased in the Z-axis direction away from the spindle, processing instructed by said code while the biased, i.e., the base end to the main shaft 1 is mounted on the rotary tool shaft rotating tool 51 This is a composite lathe characterized in that the tip of the workpiece 7 that is gripped is processed .

The processing according to the present invention is practically performed using a two-spindle opposed lathe. The compound lathe according to the invention of claim 2 of the present application includes two turrets of a turret tool post 4 and a rotary tool tool post 5 having a rotary tool axis arranged with the spindle axis 3 interposed therebetween, and a turret tool post 4. Turret biasing means for biasing in the Z-axis direction with a set force and a shaft tip machining control means. The shaft tip machining control means performs machining after machining the lateral hole 73 at the tip of the workpiece 7. The turret 43 attached to the turret 41 of the turret tool post 4 faces the work 7 when the code for machining the tip of the work 7 is read from the program by the rotary tool 51 attached to the rotary tool shaft. 41, and the main shaft 1 holding the base end of the work 7 is released and fixed so that the horizontal hole 73 is in the phase in which the rod 43 extends, and the turret tool post 4 is fixed. Before moving After inserting the杆材43 to the horizontal hole 73, the processing commanded turret tool rest 4 by the code while urged in the Z-axis direction away from the spindle 1, i.e., the rotational tool attached to the rotary tool axis In the two-spindle opposed composite lathe, the workpiece 7 having a base end 51 held by the spindle 1 is processed .

The workpiece machining method according to the invention of claim 3 of the present application is set with two turrets, a turret tool post arranged with a spindle axis interposed therebetween and a rotary tool tool post having a rotary tool axis, and a turret tool post. Using a compound lathe provided with a turret biasing means for biasing in the Z-axis direction by force, a saddle member 43 (extending in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis at a predetermined tool mounting station of the turret 41 of the turret tool post 4 is used. 43a, 43b) are mounted and the horizontal hole 73 is machined at the tip of the work 7 whose base end is gripped by the main shaft, and then the main shaft is fixed in a phase in which the horizontal hole faces the extending direction, and the turret tool post 4 The rod 43 is inserted into the horizontal hole 73 by the movement of the turret, and then the turret tool post 4 is gripped by the main shaft by the rotary tool 51 mounted on the rotary tool shaft in a state of being biased in the Z-axis direction away from the main shaft. to process the tip of work 7 It characterized the door, as a processing method of a workpiece in a composite lathe.

Further, the workpiece machining method according to the invention of claim 4 includes two turrets including a turret tool post 4 and a rotary tool tool post 5 having a rotary tool axis arranged with the spindle axis 3 interposed therebetween, and a turret. A two-spindle opposed composite lathe provided with a turret biasing means for biasing the tool post 4 in the Z-axis direction with a set force is used, and a predetermined tool mounting station of the turret 41 of the turret tool post 4 is orthogonal to the Z-axis. The brazing material 43 (43a, 43b) extending in the direction was mounted, and processing including a horizontal hole 73 was performed at the distal end portion of the work 7 gripped by the two main shafts 1 and 2 facing the proximal end and the distal end. After that, the main shaft 1 is fixed in a phase in which the horizontal hole 73 faces the extending direction, and the rod 43 is inserted into the horizontal hole 73 of the workpiece by the movement of the turret tool post 4, and the workpiece by the main shaft 2 is moved. The tip that releases the tip and retracts the spindle After performing the spindle retraction operation, the tip of the workpiece is machined by the rotary tool 51 mounted on the rotary tool shaft in a state where the turret tool post is urged in the Z-axis direction away from the spindle 1 holding the base end of the workpiece. This is a method for machining a workpiece in a two-spindle opposed composite lathe.

  The machining method of the present invention is particularly advantageous as a machining method for a two-spindle opposed composite lathe. The reason for this is that the processing of the lateral hole 73 at the tip of the workpiece and the groove 74 at the outer peripheral portion is performed without causing chatter vibration in the state where the tip of the workpiece is gripped by the tip side chuck 21, and then the method of the present invention. This is because the workpiece tip can be processed.

  Since the horizontal hole 73 processed by the compound lathe is a hole processed by a drill or an end mill, it is a long hole having a circular cross section or a semicircular end in the axial direction (see FIG. 5). The saddle member 43 is a round bar or a strip-like plate having a semicircular cross-section at the side edge that comes into contact with the workpiece, and when the turret tool post is biased in the Z-axis direction, Axial tension is applied to the workpiece 7 by the urging force acting from the saddle member 43.

  The action of preventing chatter at the tip of the workpiece is exhibited by the tension applied to the workpiece and the frictional force acting on the contact portion between the convex cylindrical surface of the saddle and the concave cylindrical surface of the lateral hole. That is, when the concave cylindrical surface of the horizontal hole 73 of the workpiece and the convex cylindrical surface of the flange 43 having a slightly smaller diameter are pressed in the Z-axis direction, that is, the axial direction of the workpiece, The relative movement of the flange 43 and the workpiece 7 in the axial direction and the Y-axis direction is prevented, and the deviation of the workpiece 7 in the direction perpendicular to the axis is prevented, thereby obtaining a great chatter vibration preventing effect.

  In general, if a turret tool post is attached with a straight saddle material (43a in FIG. 4), and the chatter vibration prevention action by the saddle material 43 is imparted with the horizontal hole 73 facing the X-axis direction, By moving the X, Y, Z, and B axes on the rotary tool side, it is possible to cope with the machining of most workpiece tip shapes.

  If the workpiece has a tip shape that cannot be machined in a posture in which the horizontal hole 73 of the workpiece is oriented in the X-axis direction, use a compound lathe equipped with a turret tool post that can also move in the Y-axis direction. By using a saddle member (see 43b in FIG. 4) having an extension 44 aligned with the direction of the lateral hole when fixed, the combined movement of the turret tool post with the X axis and the Y axis causes the What is necessary is just to insert the extension part 44 in the horizontal hole of a workpiece | work.

  The invention of this application puts the tip work of the shaft work that could not be machined because the tip part to be machined due to lack of rigidity into the horizontal hole formed on the tip part of the work piece with the saddle attached to the turret tool post. By urging the tool post in the Z-axis direction, the workpiece can be processed in a state where an axial tension is applied. According to the present invention, machining of the entire workpiece, which has conventionally been performed by using a plurality of machines, can be performed all on one composite lathe, thereby reducing machining time and machining cost by integrating processes. be able to.

  Then, if only the saddle material (which may be a simple round bar) that can be inserted into the horizontal hole to be processed into the workpiece is prepared, the chattering prevention processing of the present invention can be performed, and the horizontal hole can be processed at the tip portion. As long as the workpiece can be used, it can be used for the tip machining of workpieces of various shapes, and is particularly useful as a machining method for efficiently machining the tip of individual workpieces having different dimensions and shapes for each workpiece.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the example which processes the workpiece | work shown in FIG. 3 by the method of this invention using the 2 spindle opposing lathe of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a workpiece machining procedure, and schematically shows a main part of a two-spindle opposed lathe.

  In FIG. 1, 1 is a first main shaft provided at a fixed position, 2 is a second main shaft that is coaxially controlled with the axis 3 of the first main shaft and servo-controlled in the Z-axis direction, and 11 and 21 are their main shafts. The first chuck and the second chuck mounted on the opposite ends of the turret, 4 is a turret turret disposed on one side of the spindle axis 3, and 5 is a rotary tool turret disposed on the other side of the spindle, 41 Is a turret of the turret tool post, 42 is a tool attached to the turret 41, 51 is a rotary tool attached to the rotary tool tool post 5, 43 is a housing attached to the turret 41, 6 is an NC device, 45 is a turret tool This is a servo motor for Z axis feed of the base 4.

  The turret tool post 4 is servo-controlled by the NC device 6 for movement in the Z-axis direction and movement in the Y-axis direction. The rotary tool tool rest 5 is servo-controlled by an NC device 6 for movement in the Z-axis direction, X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and B-axis direction. Although not shown in the drawing, the rotary tool 51 of the rotary tool turret can be changed by an automatic tool changer. The NC device 6 individually controls the turret tool post 4 and the rotary tool tool post 5 according to each machining program. When the turret tool post 4 and the rotary tool tool post 5 need to be synchronized, a standby code for waiting for the end of the other operation is inserted into each machining program for synchronization.

  The Z-axis feed servomotor 45 of the turret tool post 4 is provided with a maximum current setting device for limiting the current applied to the motor. The NC device 6 includes an energizing current value memory for storing a current value corresponding to the tension applied to the workpiece at the time of machining the shaft tip, and setting of the maximum current setting unit when a predetermined code is read from the machining program. Current value changing means for changing the value to a value stored in the energizing current value memory. The energizing current value memory and the current value changing means of the maximum current setter are elements of the shaft tip machining control means, and other elements are standby codes for the turret tool post and the rotary tool tool post. It is realized by two machining programs including

  FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a state in which processing other than the tip portion of the workpiece 7 shown in FIG. 3 is being performed. The work 7 is transported into a lathe machine by a loader, the base end is gripped by the first chuck 11, the second chuck 21 is moved to the position of the work tip, the work tip is gripped, and the first spindle 1 And the second main shaft 2 are rotated synchronously to process a portion not gripped by the chucks 11 and 21. The machining of the workpiece base end screw hole 71 and the like is performed in a state in which the second chuck 21 grips the vicinity of the base end of the work and the base end of the work is released from the first chuck 11 before processing the complicated shape of the outer periphery of the work. Process with. An oblique hole 72, a lateral hole 73 on the workpiece tip side, a groove 74 on the workpiece peripheral surface, and the like are attached to the rotary tool turret 5 in a state where both ends of the workpiece are held and the phases of the spindles 1 and 2 are fixed. It is processed by the tool 51. The workpiece turning is performed with a tool 42 attached to the turret 41.

  When the processing of the base end and the intermediate portion of the workpiece is completed, the second chuck 21 is opened and retracted, and the rotation of the first main shaft is fixed at a position where the lateral hole 73 processed in the tip end portion of the workpiece faces the X-axis direction. By the indexing operation of the turret 41 and the Z-axis movement and the X-axis movement of the turret tool post 4, the housing 43 is inserted into the horizontal hole 73 at the tip of the workpiece (FIG. 1B). And after converting the setting value of the maximum current setting device of the Z-axis feed motor 45 of the turret tool post 4 into a value stored in the energizing current value memory, the turret tool post 4 is connected to the Z-axis feed motor by the first main spindle. A Z-axis movement command in a direction away from 1 is given.

  By this movement command, the turret tool post 4 moves slightly, but the side surface of the housing 43 and the side surface of the lateral hole 73 collide, and the movement of the turret tool post 4 is forcibly stopped. On the other hand, since the feed command in the Z-axis direction is continuously given to the turret tool post from the NC device, the turret tool post 4 has a tension corresponding to the value set in the maximum current setting device via the casing 43. Give to work 7.

  In the state shown in FIG. 1 (c), the rotary tool tool rest 5 has the tip of the rotary tool 51 facing the tip 75 of the workpiece 7, and moves the tip of the workpiece by moving the Z axis, the X axis, the Y axis, and the B axis. Processing into a predetermined shape (FIG. 2). When the machining of the workpiece tip is completed, the Z-axis feed command given to the turret tool post is canceled, and the tool rests 4 and 5 are retracted to finish the machining. If necessary, after the shaft tip processing in the first step, after the housing 43 is retracted from the lateral hole 73, the main shaft 1 is rotated 180 degrees, and the housing is inserted into the lateral hole 73 from the opposite direction. Two-step shaft tip processing can also be performed.

  If the tip shape of the workpiece is complicated and cannot be machined by the above means, the turret 41 of the turret tool post equipped with the Y-axis feeding device is provided with a straight case 43a and an extension portion of a predetermined angle at the tip. After mounting the housing 43b (see FIG. 4) and performing the shaft tip processing in the above-described process using a straight housing, the main shaft is so arranged that the lateral hole 73 faces the extending portion 44 of the housing 43b. The angle is changed, and the extension 44 of the housing is inserted into the horizontal hole 73 by the Z-axis movement of the turret tool post 4 and the combined movement of the Y-axis and the X-axis. What is necessary is just to perform shaft tip processing, providing.

Explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of this invention The perspective view of the principal part which shows the state which is performing the shaft tip processing by the method of this invention The perspective view which shows the example of the workpiece | work processed with the apparatus and method of this invention The figure which shows the example of a housing Side view of the main part showing the relationship between the horizontal hole machined into the workpiece and the housing inserted into it Explanatory drawing showing an example of conventional chattering prevention processing

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main spindle of workpiece base end 2 Main spindle of workpiece distal end 3 Spindle axis 4 Turret tool post 5 Rotary tool tool post 7 Work piece
41 Turret
43 Wood
51 Rotary tool
73 Horizontal hole

Claims (4)

Two turrets of a turret tool post and a rotary tool tool post having a rotary tool axis arranged across the spindle axis, and a turret biasing means for biasing in the Z-axis direction with a set force of the turret tool post;
A shaft tip machining control means, and the shaft tip machining control means is a code for machining a tip of a workpiece with a rotary tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft from a machining program after machining a horizontal hole in a tip portion of the workpiece. When the turret of the turret tool post is read, the lateral hole extends through the main shaft that indexes the turret in a direction in which the turret is directed to the workpiece and grips the base end of the workpiece. and fixed in the phase that the direction, after moving the turret tool rest inserting the杆材to the transverse bore, in the said turret while urged in the Z-axis direction away from the spindle code A compound lathe that performs commanded machining . Two turrets, a turret turret and a rotary tool turret having a rotary tool axis arranged across the spindle axis;
Turret biasing means for biasing the turret tool post in the Z-axis direction with a set force;
A shaft tip machining control means, and the shaft tip machining control means is a code for machining a tip of a workpiece with a rotary tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft from a machining program after machining a horizontal hole in a tip portion of the workpiece. The spindle that indexes the turret in the direction in which the saddle mounted on the turret of the turret tool post faces the workpiece and releases the tip of the workpiece to grasp the base end of the workpiece is Z-axis direction in which the horizontal hole is fixed in a phase that is the extending direction of the rod material, the turret tool post is moved and the rod material is inserted into the horizontal hole, and then the turret tool post is separated from the main shaft. A two-spindle opposed composite lathe that performs the machining commanded by the cord in the state of being energized. Two turrets, a turret turret and a rotary tool turret having a rotary tool axis arranged across the spindle axis;
Using a complex lathe equipped with a turret biasing means that biases the turret tool post in the Z-axis direction with a set force, a tool extending in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis is mounted on a predetermined tool mounting station of the turret Then, after machining a horizontal hole at the tip of the work holding the base end with the main shaft, the main shaft is fixed in a phase in which the horizontal hole faces the extending direction, and the saddle material is formed into a horizontal hole by moving the turret tool post. And then machining the tip of the workpiece gripped by the spindle with the rotary tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft in a state where the turret tool post is biased in the Z-axis direction away from the spindle. Machining method for workpieces in compound lathes. Two turrets, a turret turret and a rotary tool turret having a rotary tool axis arranged across the spindle axis;
A two-spindle opposed compound lathe provided with a turret biasing means for biasing the turret tool post in the Z-axis direction with a set force, and extending in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis to a predetermined tool mounting station of the turret After mounting the material and processing the tip of the workpiece gripped by two spindles facing the base end and tip, including a horizontal hole, the spindle is fixed in a phase in which the horizontal hole faces the extending direction. And a rod insertion operation for inserting the rod through the horizontal hole by moving the turret tool post, and a tip-side spindle retracting operation for releasing the gripping of the tip of the workpiece and retracting the spindle holding the tip. Then, the tip of the workpiece is machined with the rotary tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft in a state where the turret tool post is biased in the Z-axis direction away from the main shaft that grips the base end of the workpiece. Of workpieces in a two-spindle opposed compound lathe Engineering method.

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