JP5044132B2 - 固体電解質フィルムの製造方法及び製造設備 - Google Patents
固体電解質フィルムの製造方法及び製造設備 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5044132B2 JP5044132B2 JP2006089813A JP2006089813A JP5044132B2 JP 5044132 B2 JP5044132 B2 JP 5044132B2 JP 2006089813 A JP2006089813 A JP 2006089813A JP 2006089813 A JP2006089813 A JP 2006089813A JP 5044132 B2 JP5044132 B2 JP 5044132B2
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Description
(1)本発明の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法は、固体電解質と有機溶媒とを含むドープを、走行する支持体上に流延ダイから流延して流延膜を形成する第1工程と、前記流延膜を前記支持体から剥がして前記有機溶媒を含んだ湿潤フィルムとする第2工程と、前記湿潤フィルムを乾燥して固体電解質フィルムとする第3工程と、前記流延膜と前記乾燥前の前記湿潤フィルムとの少なくともいずれか一方に、前記有機溶媒より低沸点であり、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒であるメチルアルコール、酢酸メチル、またはアセトンを含む液を接触させる第4工程とを有し、前記有機溶媒は、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒及び良溶媒の混合物であること。
(2)前記第4工程において前記液に前記湿潤フィルムを接触させる場合には、前記第3工程は前記第4工程の次工程であること。
(3)前記第4工程において前記液に前記流延膜を接触させる場合には、前記第4工程の後に前記流延膜を乾燥する第5工程を有すること。
(4)前記第4工程を複数回行うこと。
(5)前記流延膜と前記湿潤フィルムとの少なくともいずれか一方を前記液に浸漬することにより前記接触を行うこと。
(6)前記有機溶媒における貧溶媒の重量比率が10%以上100%未満であること。
(7)前記良溶媒はジメチルスルホキシドを含み、前記貧溶媒は炭素数が1〜5のアルコールを含むこと。
(8)前記固体電解質は、炭化水素系ポリマーであること。
(9)前記炭化水素系ポリマーは、スルホン酸基を有する芳香族系ポリマーであること。
(10)前記芳香族系ポリマーは、化3の一般式で示される共重合体であること。
本発明は、後述の製造法によりフィルムとする固体電解質として、プロトン供与基をもつポリマーを用いている。プロトン供与基をもつポリマーは、特に限定されないが、酸残基をもち、プロトン伝導材料として公知であるものを用いることができる。中でも好ましいポリマーは、酸残基をもつものであり、例えば、側鎖にスルホン酸を有する付加重合高分子化合物、側鎖リン酸基ポリ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンをスルホン化したスルホ化ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、スルホ化ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリスルホンをスルホン化したスルホ化ポリスルホン、耐熱性芳香族高分子化合物のスルホ化物などが挙げられる。側鎖にスルホン酸を有する付加重合高分子化合物としては、ナフィオン(登録商標)に代表されるパーフルオロスルホン酸や、スルホ化スチレン、スルホ化ポリアクリロニトリルスチレン、スルホ化ポリアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレンなどがあり、耐熱性芳香族高分子のスルホ化物としてはスルホ化ポリイミド等がある。
図1にドープ製造設備を示す。ただし、本発明はここに示すドープ製造装置及び方法に限定されない。ドープ製造設備10は、溶媒を貯留するための溶媒タンク11と、固体電解質を供給するためのホッパ12と、添加剤を貯留するための添加剤タンク15と、溶媒と固体電解質と添加剤とを混合して混合液16とする混合タンク17と、混合液16を加熱するための加熱装置18と、加熱された混合液16の温度を調整するための温度調整器21と、温度調整器21を出た混合液16をろ過するろ過装置22と、ろ過装置22からのドープ24の濃度を調整するためのフラッシュ装置26と、濃度調整されたドープ24をろ過するためのろ過装置27とを備える。そしてドープ製造設備10には、さらに、溶媒を回収するための回収装置28と、回収された溶媒を再生するための再生装置29とが備えられている。そして、このドープ製造設備10は、ストックタンク32を介してフィルム製造設備33に接続されている。なお、送液量を調節するためのバルブ36〜38と、送液用ポンプ41,42とがドープ製造設備10には設けられているが、これらが配される位置及び数の増減については適宜変更される。
固体電解質フィルムを製造する方法を説明する。図2は第1実施形態としてのフィルム製造設備33の概略図である。ただし、本発明は、ここに示すようなフィルム製造方法及び設備に限定されるものではない。フィルム製造設備33には、ストックタンク32から送られてくるドープ24から異物を除去するろ過装置61と、このろ過装置61でろ過されたドープ24を流延して固体電解質フィルム(以下、単にフィルムと称する)62とする流延室63と、フィルム62の両側端部を保持しながら乾燥するテンタ64と、フィルム62の両側端部を切り離す耳切装置67と、フィルム62を溶液に浸漬する第1液浴槽65、及び第2液浴槽66と、フィルム62を複数のローラ68に掛け渡して搬送しながら乾燥する乾燥室69と、フィルム62を冷却するための冷却室71と、フィルム62の帯電量を減らすための除電装置72と、側端部にエンボス加工を施すナーリング付与ローラ対73と、フィルム62を巻き取る巻取機76とが備えられる。
以下に、固体電解質フィルムを電極膜複合体(Membrane and Electrode Assembly,以下、MEAと称する)に使用する例と、この電極膜複合体を燃料電池に用いる例とを説明する。ただし、ここに示すMEA及び燃料電池の様態は本発明の一例であり、本発明はこれに限定されない。図4は、MEAの概略を示す断面図である。MEA131は、フィルム62と、このフィルム62を挟んで対向するアノード電極132及びカソード電極133とを備える。
(1)プロトン伝導材料塗布法:活性金属担持カーボン、プロトン伝導材料、溶媒を含む触媒ペースト(インク)をフィルム62の両面に直接塗布し、多孔質導電シート132a,133aを塗布層に熱圧着して5層構成のMEAを作製する。
(2)多孔質導電シート塗布法:触媒層132b,133bの材料を含んだ液、例えば触媒ペーストを、多孔質導電シート132a,133aの表面に塗布し、触媒層132b,133bを形成させた後、フィルム62と圧着し、5層構成のMEA131を作製する。
(3)Decal法:触媒ペーストをPTFE上に塗布し、触媒層132b,133bを形成させた後、フィルム62に触媒層132b,133bのみをうつし、3層構造を形成し、これに多孔質導電シート132a,133aを圧着し、5層構成のMEA131を作製する。
(4)触媒後担持法:白金未担持カーボン材料をプロトン伝導材料とともに混合したインクをフィルム62、多孔質導電シート132a,133aあるいはPTFE上に塗布・製膜した後、白金イオンを含む液にフィルム62を含浸させ、白金粒子をフィルム中で還元析出させて触媒層132b,133bを形成させる。触媒層132b,133bを形成させた後は、上記(1)〜(3)の方法にてMEA131を作製する。
(5)その他:触媒層12b、13bの材料を含んだ塗布液を予めつくり、この塗布液を支持体に塗布して乾燥する。触媒層12b、13bが形成された支持体を、触媒層12b、13bがフィルム62に接するようにフィルム62の両面にそれぞれ重ねて圧着する。そして、支持体を剥がしてから、触媒層132b、133bが両面に形成されたフィルム62を多孔質導電シート132a、133aで挟み込む方法を適用することにより、触媒層132b、133bをフィルム62に密着させてMEA131を作製する。
・原料A; 100重量部
・溶媒;N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド 400重量部
(1)4−(4−(4−ペンチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシメチル)スチレンの合成
下記の配合の物質を100℃、7時間反応させた後、得られた反応液を室温まで冷却して、これに水を加え晶析させた。晶析液をろ過した後、得られたろ液を、水/アセトニトリル=1/1とした水溶液で洗浄、風乾して、4−(4−(4−ペンチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシメチル)スチレンを得た。
・4−(4−ペンチルシクロヘキシル)フェノール 14重量部
・4−クロロメチルスチレン 9重量部
・炭酸カリウム 11重量部
・N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド 66重量部
下記配合の混合物を60℃まで加熱した。
・ポリブタジエンラテックス 100重量部
・ロジン酸カリウム 0.83重量部
・デキストローズ 0.50重量部
・ピロリン酸ナトリウム 0.17重量部
・硫酸第1鉄 0.08重量部
・水 250重量部
・アクリロニトリル 21重量部
・4−(4−4−ペンチルシクロヘキシル)フェノキシメチル)スチレン 62重量部
・t−ドデシルチオール 0.5重量部
・クメンヒドロパーオキシド 3.0重量部
(2)で得られたグラフト共重合体100重量部を、塩化メチレン1300重量部に溶解し、得られた溶液を0℃以下に保ちながら、これに濃硫酸13重量部をゆっくり加えた。そしてこれを6時間攪拌して沈殿を生じさせた。溶媒を除去した後に沈殿物を乾燥し、原料Bとしてのスルホ化ポリアクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレンを得た。滴定によるスルホン酸基の導入率は35%であった。
ドープAを走行する流延バンド82へ流延ダイ81から流延して流延膜とし、送風ダクト91〜93により80〜120℃の乾燥風を吹き付け、原料Aの固形分、つまり固体電解質に対して溶媒含有率が30重量%になるまで流延膜を乾燥した。流延膜が自己支持性をもったところで、この流延膜を流延バンド82からフィルムとして引き剥がした。このフィルムは、テンタ64に送られて、クリップ64aでその両側端部を把持されながらテンタ64の内部を搬送された。テンタ64では、固形分に対して溶媒含有率が15重量%になるまで、140℃の乾燥風によりフィルムを乾燥した。テンタ64の出口でクリップ64aから離脱されたフィルムの両側端部は、耳切装置67により切断除去された。両側端部が除去されたフィルムを、第1及び第2液浴槽65,66を用いて、60℃に保温した水/メタノール=1/1の水溶液65a,66a中に浸漬・搬送し、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを十分置換した。水溶液66a中からフィルムを引き上げ、乾燥室69に送り、複数のローラ68で搬送しながら100〜160℃で乾燥し、固体電解質フィルムを得た。
アンリツ電気社製の電子マイクロメーターを用いて600mm/分の速度にて連続的にフィルムの厚みを測定した。測定により得られたデータは、縮尺1/20、チャート速度30mm/分にてチャート紙上に記録された。そして定規によりデータ曲線に関して計測を実施したのちに、その計測値を基に厚みの平均値とこの平均値に対する厚みのばらつきとを求めた。表1においては、(a)は厚みの平均値(単位;μm)、(b)は(a)に対する厚みのばらつき(単位;μm)を表す。
フィルムを7mm×35mmに切断して、ガスクロマトグラフィ(GC−18A、島津製作所(株)製)にて、フィルム残留溶媒量を測定した。
得られた固体電解質フィルムについて、長手方向に沿って1mおきに10個の測定箇所を選んだ。その10箇所を直径13mmの円形サンプルとして打ち抜いた。各サンプルを2枚のステンレス板で挟み、ソーラトロン社1470および1255Bを用いて交流インピーダンス法によりプロトン伝導度を測定した。測定は80℃、相対湿度95%の条件下で実施した。プロトン伝導度は、表1に示すように交流インピーダンスの値(単位;S/cm)として示される。
フィルムを用いて燃料電池141を作製し、その燃料電池141の出力を測定した。燃料電池141の作製方法及び出力密度の測定方法は、下記の方法による。
白金担持カーボン2gと固体電解質15g(5%DMF溶液)とを混合し、超音波分散器で30分間分散させた。分散物の平均粒子径は約500nmであった。得られた分散物を、厚さ350μmのカーボンペーパー上に塗布して乾燥した後、このカーボンペーパーを直径9mmの円形に打ち抜き、触媒シートAを作製した。なお、上記白金担持カーボンは、VulcanXC72に白金50wt%が担持されたものであり、固体電解質は、フィルムを製造するためのものと同じものとした。
固体電解質フィルムの両面に、塗膜がフィルムに接するように触媒シートAを張り合わせ、80℃、3MPa、2分間で熱圧着し、MEAを作製した。
(2)で得られたMEAを図5に示す燃料電池にセットし、アノード極側の開口部151に15重量%のメタノール水溶液を注入した。このとき、カソード極側の開口部152は大気と接するようにした。アノード電極132とカソード電極133とを、マルチチャンネルバッテリ評価システム(ソーラトロン社1470)で接続させて、出力密度(単位;W/cm2 )を測定した。
・原料B; 100重量部
・溶媒;N−メチルピロリドン 400重量部
実施例1に対して、ドープBを用いたこと、送風ダクト91〜93からの風の温度を80〜140℃としたこと、乾燥室69での乾燥条件を100〜160℃としたこと以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で、固体電解質フィルムを得た。得られたフィルムについての評価結果は、表1に示す。
・原料D; 100重量部
・溶媒成分1;ジメチルスルホキシド 256重量部
・溶媒成分2;メタノール 171重量部
・原料E; 100重量部
・溶媒成分1;ジメチルスルホキシド 200重量部
・溶媒成分2;メタノール 135重量部
24 ドープ
33,33a、33b フィルム製造設備
62,124、420 フィルム(固体電解質フィルム)
66 テンタ
69 乾燥室
131 電極膜複合体(MEA)
132 アノード電極
133 カソード電極
141 燃料電池
146 集電体
Claims (11)
- 固体電解質と有機溶媒とを含むドープを、走行する支持体上に流延ダイから流延して流延膜を形成する第1工程と、
前記流延膜を前記支持体から剥がして前記有機溶媒を含んだ湿潤フィルムとする第2工程と、
前記湿潤フィルムを乾燥して固体電解質フィルムとする第3工程と、
前記流延膜と前記乾燥前の前記湿潤フィルムとの少なくともいずれか一方に、前記有機溶媒より低沸点であり、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒であるメチルアルコール、酢酸メチル、またはアセトンを含む液を接触させる第4工程とを有し、
前記有機溶媒は、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒及び良溶媒の混合物であることを特徴とする固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記第4工程において前記液に前記湿潤フィルムを接触させる場合には、
前記第3工程は前記第4工程の次工程であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記第4工程において前記液に前記流延膜を接触させる場合には、
前記第4工程の後に前記流延膜を乾燥する第5工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記第4工程を複数回行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3いずれか1項記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記流延膜と前記湿潤フィルムとの少なくともいずれか一方を前記液に浸漬することにより前記接触を行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし4いずれか1項記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒における貧溶媒の重量比率が10%以上100%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5いずれかひとつ記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記良溶媒はジメチルスルホキシドを含み、前記貧溶媒は炭素数が1〜5のアルコールを含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし6いずれかひとつ記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記固体電解質は、炭化水素系ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし7いずれかひとつ記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記炭化水素系ポリマーは、スルホン酸基を有する芳香族系ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項8記載の固体電解質フィルムの製造方法。
- 固体電解質と有機溶媒とを含むドープを、走行する支持体上に流延ダイから流延して流延膜を形成する流延装置と、
前記流延膜を前記支持体から剥がして前記有機溶媒を含む湿潤フィルムとする剥離装置と、
前記フィルムを乾燥して固体電解質フィルムとする乾燥装置と、
前記有機溶媒より低沸点であり、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒であるメチルアルコール、酢酸メチル、またはアセトンを含む液を、前記流延膜と前記湿潤フィルムとの少なくともいずれか一方に接触させる液接触装置とを有し、
前記有機溶媒は、前記固体電解質の貧溶媒及び良溶媒の混合物であることを特徴とする固体電解質フィルムの製造設備。
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PCT/JP2006/313925 WO2007007824A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2006-07-06 | Solid electrolyte membrane, method and apparatus for producing the same, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell |
EP06781045.7A EP1908141B1 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2006-07-06 | Method for producing a solid electrolyte membrane |
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