JP5020064B2 - 機械的メタ材料 - Google Patents
機械的メタ材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5020064B2 JP5020064B2 JP2007502971A JP2007502971A JP5020064B2 JP 5020064 B2 JP5020064 B2 JP 5020064B2 JP 2007502971 A JP2007502971 A JP 2007502971A JP 2007502971 A JP2007502971 A JP 2007502971A JP 5020064 B2 JP5020064 B2 JP 5020064B2
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- metamaterial
- activation
- activation element
- elements
- stiffness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/44—Varying camber
- B64C3/48—Varying camber by relatively-movable parts of wing structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/002—Electrostatic motors
- H02N1/006—Electrostatic motors of the gap-closing type
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2002/5003—Prostheses not implantable in the body having damping means, e.g. shock absorbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M2025/0058—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features having an electroactive polymer material, e.g. for steering purposes, for control of flexibility, for locking, for opening or closing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M2025/0063—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features having means, e.g. stylets, mandrils, rods or wires to reinforce or adjust temporarily the stiffness, column strength or pushability of catheters which are already inserted into the human body
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24752—Laterally noncoextensive components
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
本願は、米国空軍研究所および国防高等研究計画局に与えられた契約番号第FA8650−04C−7140号の下で、部分的に政府の支援により行われたものである。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
[関連出願の相互参照]
本願は、出典を明示することによりその開示内容全体を実際上本願明細書の一部とする同時係属米国仮特許出願第60/552,456号に基づき、米国特許法第119条(e)項に拠る優先権を主張するものである。
メタ材料は、制御可能な機械的特性を含む。機械的特性は、使用中に、すなわち生産または製造の後、動的に変更し得る。メタ材料は、二種類以上の材料成分を含む点において、従来の合成物と同様である。しかしながら、本発明のメタ材料には、動的に活性化し得る制御可能な要素を組み込んでいる。
図1Aは、本発明の一実施形態による、メタ材料10の一部を例示している。メタ材料10は、変形可能構造12と、一組の活性化要素14とを含む。この場合、変形可能構造12は、柔軟基材を含む。図1Bは、活性化要素14を非活性化したとき、横方向16に伸張された柔軟基材12およびメタ材料10を例示している。メタ材料は、物体、システム、および成分として説明されるが、こうした物体、システム、および成分に関連する活動を実施する方法を本発明が含むことは、当業者には理解されよう。
は、二個の重複する活性化要素54間での静電クランプを可能にする。この設計において、柔軟層52は、機械的な基材のみとして機能し、絶縁層56は、活性化要素54間の静電クランプのために使用される。図2Aの柔軟層42の設計は、使用される材料の数の観点からすれば単純だが、柔軟層42は、電気的役割および機械的役割の両方を果たすため、柔軟層42の材料の要件は、より厳しくなる。
メタ材料は、一つ以上の機械的特性の動的制御を可能にする。制御可能な機械的特性には、剛性と、減衰と、弾性または塑性強度と、降伏強度と、引張または圧縮強度と、剪断強度と、弾性係数と、靭性と、引き裂き抵抗と、最大伸長と、破壊歪みと、破壊までのエネルギ吸収と、ポアソン比と、クリープと、疲労と、トライボロジと、剪断係数と、復元力と、音響伝達率と、減衰と、機械的損失係数と、硬度と、耐衝撃性と、形状とが含まれる。
メタ材料の実施には、何らかの種類の外的制御を利用してよい。これは、活性化要素との通信に必要な任意のハードウェアと、制御を実施するための任意の回路またはロジックを含んでよい。
は、本発明の一実施形態による、メタ材料の機械的特性を変更するための処理フロー300を例示している。メタ材料は、変形可能構造と、変形可能構造に結合された一組の活性化要素とを含む。
材料または構造の弾力および粘弾特性等の機械的特性を能動的に制御または調整する能力は、多くの用途で有用となる。実際、メタ材料は、製造後、固定された一組の機械的特性を有する材料のパラダイムを根本的に変化させることから、本発明は、画期的技術を意味するものとなる。ほとんどの工学分野において、材料技術の進歩は、新たな用途を可能としてきた。
Claims (11)
- メタ材料であって、
変形可能または再構成可能な構造であって、第1の横方向に移動または変形するように構成される構造と、
一組の活性化要素であって、各活性化要素が、a)前記変形可能構造と機械的に結合し、b)活性化機構に関与する構成を含み、c)第一の活性化状態と第二の活性化状態との間で変化するように構成されている、一組の活性化要素と、を備え、
前記活性化要素の少なくとも一つが前記第一の活性化状態にあるとき、前記メタ材料はある機械的特性について第一の値を有し、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素が前記第二の活性化状態へ活性化されたとき、前記メタ材料は前記機械的特性について第二の値を有し、
前記一組の活性化要素の各活性化要素は、前記第二の活性化状態において、静電クランプを含み、
適用される外力であって前記第1の横方向の成分を有する外力が、前記第二の活性化状態にあり前記静電クランプに関与する二つの前記活性化要素間に生じる静電気力によって生じる逆方向の摩擦力を超えるまで、前記静電クランプは、前記変形可能または再構成可能な構造において、前記二つの前記活性化要素の前記第1の横方向の相対移動を妨げる、メタ材料。 - 請求項1記載のメタ材料であって、
各活性化要素は、前記変形可能構造の剛性より大きな剛性を有する剛構成を含む、メタ材料。 - 請求項2記載のメタ材料であって、
各活性化要素は、
前記剛構成の一表面に配置された電極と、
前記電極と、a)隣接する活性化要素またはb)前記変形可能構造のいずれかと、の間に配置された絶縁層と、を含む、メタ材料。 - 請求項2記載のメタ材料であって、
前記剛構成は導電材料を備える、メタ材料。 - 請求項1記載のメタ材料であって、
各活性化要素は、屈曲可能だが伸長可能ではない、メタ材料。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載のメタ材料であって、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素が前記第二の活性化状態へ活性化されたとき、各活性化要素は、隣接する活性化要素と、少なくとも部分的に横方向に重なる、メタ材料。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のメタ材料であって、更に、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素が前記第二の活性化状態へ活性化されたとき前記メタ材料の位置を維持するのに必要なエネルギを低減するように構成されたロック機構を備える、メタ材料。 - 請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載のメタ材料であって、更に、
前記一組の活性化要素に含まれる各活性化要素との独立した電気的接続を備える、メタ材料。 - 請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載のメタ材料であって、
前記機械的特性の前記第二の値は、活性化された活性化要素の数および位置により調整可能である、メタ材料。 - 第1の横方向に移動または変形するように構成される変形可能構造と、前記変形可能構造に機械的に結合された一組の活性化要素とを備えるメタ材料の機械的特性を制御する方法であって、
少なくとも一つの活性化要素の、第一の活性化状態から第二の活性化状態への活性化を含み、
前記一組の活性化要素の各活性化要素は、前記第二の活性化状態において、静電クランプを含み、
適用される外力であって前記第1の横方向の成分を有する外力が、前記第二の活性化状態にあり前記静電クランプに関与する二つの前記活性化要素間に生じる静電気力によって生じる逆方向の摩擦力を超えるまで、前記静電クランプは、前記変形可能構造において、前記二つの前記活性化要素の前記第1の横方向の相対移動を妨げ、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素が前記第一の活性化状態にあるとき、前記メタ材料は機械的特性について第一の値を有し、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素が前記第二の活性化状態へ活性化されたとき、前記メタ材料は前記機械的特性について第二の値を有する、方法。 - 請求項10記載の方法であって、
前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素の活性化は、前記少なくとも一つの活性化要素への静電クランプ電圧の印加を含む、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US55245604P | 2004-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | |
US60/552,456 | 2004-03-12 | ||
PCT/US2005/007830 WO2005089176A2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-11 | Mechanical meta-materials |
Related Child Applications (1)
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JP2012104495A Division JP5627636B2 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2012-05-01 | 機械的メタ材料 |
Publications (2)
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JP2007534520A JP2007534520A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
JP5020064B2 true JP5020064B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
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JP2007502971A Expired - Lifetime JP5020064B2 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-11 | 機械的メタ材料 |
JP2012104495A Expired - Lifetime JP5627636B2 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2012-05-01 | 機械的メタ材料 |
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JP2012104495A Expired - Lifetime JP5627636B2 (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2012-05-01 | 機械的メタ材料 |
Country Status (5)
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---|---|
US (5) | US7598651B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1737564B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5020064B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101095277A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005089176A2 (ja) |
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US8436508B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
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US20120181896A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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JP2007534520A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
US20100007240A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
JP2012187928A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
CN101095277A (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
US20060192465A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
US7598652B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
US20080075930A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
WO2005089176A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US8164232B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
JP5627636B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2005089176A3 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US7598651B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
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