JP4954691B2 - 窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法及び窒化物半導体レーザ装置 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法及び窒化物半導体レーザ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 160
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 156
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 96
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 235000005811 Viola adunca Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 240000009038 Viola odorata Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000013487 Viola odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 235000002254 Viola papilionacea Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/223—Buried stripe structure
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- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34333—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer based on Ga(In)N or Ga(In)P, e.g. blue laser
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/2004—Confining in the direction perpendicular to the layer structure
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- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2206—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on III-V materials
- H01S5/221—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on III-V materials containing aluminium
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2222—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties
- H01S5/2223—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties hetero barrier blocking layers, e.g. P-P or N-N
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/3054—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure p-doping
- H01S5/3063—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure p-doping using Mg
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3201—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures incorporating bulkstrain effects, e.g. strain compensation, strain related to polarisation
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
GaN+3h++6OH− → 2GaO3 3−+0.25N2+3H2O
図10に示すように、バンド構造上は界面に正孔が溜まることが可能であるが、n型窒化物半導体であるので正孔がほとんど無い。そこで、n型窒化物半導体のバンドギャップよりも大きなエネルギーの光を照射して、境界に正孔を発生させることにより、n型窒化物半導体のエッチングが促進される。
本発明において、n−GaN層8の厚みを、図1(b)に示したように、p−GaNガイド層7とn−GaN層8とが接合して形成される空乏層のうち、n−GaN層8内に形成される空乏層の幅よりも大きく設定しておけば、PECエッチングは、n−GaN層8内の空乏層の端部P2まで進むので、n−AlGaN電流狭窄層9を確実に除去することができる。
n−AlGaN電流狭窄層9が一部エッチングされずに残る理由として、上述したピエゾ効果の他に、次のような要因が関係していることも推測される。
2 n−GaN層
3 n−AlGaNクラッド層
4 n−GaNガイド層
5 MQW活性層
6 p−AlGaNオーバーフロー抑制層
7 p−GaNガイド層(第1の窒化物半導体層)
8、8a n−GaN層(第2の窒化物半導体層)
8b p型化されたGaN層
9 n−AlGaN電流狭窄層(第3の窒化物半導体層)
10 p−GaN第2ガイド層(第4の窒化物半導体層)
11 p−AlGaNクラッド層
12 p−GaNコンタクト層
13 p型電極
14 n型電極
20 開口部
Claims (20)
- 活性層への電流を狭窄するための開口部を有する電流狭窄層を備えた窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法であって、
前記活性層上にp型の第1の窒化物半導体層、n型の第2の窒化物半導体層、及び前記電流狭窄層を構成するn型の第3の窒化物半導体層を順次形成する工程(a)と、
前記第3の窒化物半導体層の一部を、光を照射しながらアルカリ溶液でエッチングして前記電流狭窄層の開口部を形成する工程(b)と、
前記第3の窒化物半導体層上に、前記電流狭窄層の開口部を覆うようにp型の第4の窒化物半導体層を形成する工程(c)と
を含み、
前記第2の窒化物半導体層のエネルギーギャップが、前記第3の窒化物半導体層のエネルギーギャップよりも小さく、
前記工程(b)において、前記第2の窒化物半導体層における前記開口部下の領域が、前記エッチングにより厚み方向にエッチングされて薄くなっていることを特徴とする、窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。 - 前記工程(c)において、前記第2の窒化物半導体層における前記開口部下の領域が、前記第1の窒化物半導体層及び前記第4の窒化物半導体層の少なくとも一方からp型不純物が拡散することにより、p型化されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の窒化物半導体層の厚みは、前記第1の窒化物半導体層と前記第2の窒化物半導体層とが接合して形成される空乏層のうち、前記第2の窒化物半導体層領域内に形成される前記空乏層の幅よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の窒化物半導体層の厚みが、5nm〜50nmの範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記工程(b)において、前記第2の窒化物半導体層領域内に形成される前記空乏層の端でエッチングがストップしていることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1の窒化物半導体層及び前記4の窒化物半導体層は、ガイド層またはクラッド層を構成していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の窒化物半導体層がGaN層からなり、前記第3の窒化物半導体層がAlGaN層からなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記GaN層がInを含有していることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記Inの組成が2%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記GaN層がAlをさらに含有していることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記AlGaN層が複数の層からなり、前記第2の窒化物半導体層に接する前記AlGaN層におけるAl組成が、前記第4の窒化物半導体層に接する前記AlGaN層におけるAl組成よりも小さいことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の
製造方法。 - 前記AlGaN層がInを含有していることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1の窒化物半導体層及び前記4の窒化物半導体層は、GaN層からなることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記第3の窒化物半導体層のフェルミ準位は、前記第2の窒化物半導体層のフェルミ準位と等しい、またはそれよりも小さいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 前記工程(b)の後、前記工程(c)の前に、前記第2の窒化物半導体層における前記開口部下の領域に、p型の不純物を導入する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜15の何れかに記載の製造方法によって製造された窒化物半導体レーザ装置であって、該装置は、
活性層上に、p型の第1の窒化物半導体層、n型の第2の窒化物半導体層、前記活性層への電流を狭窄するための開口部を有する電流狭窄層を構成するn型の第3の窒化物半導体層、及びp型の第4の窒化物半導体層を備え、
前記第2の窒化物半導体層における前記開口部下の領域は、p型不純物が導入されてp型化されており、
前記第2の窒化物半導体層のエネルギーギャップは、前記第3の窒化物半導体層のエネルギーギャップよりも小さいことを特徴とする、窒化物半導体レーザ装置。 - 前記第2の窒化物半導体層の厚みは、前記第1の窒化物半導体層と前記第2の窒化物半導体層とが接合して形成される空乏層のうち、前記第2の窒化物半導体層領域内に形成される前記空乏層の幅よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置。
- 前記第3の窒化物半導体層のフェルミ準位が、前記第2の窒化物半導体層のフェルミ準位と等しい、またはそれよりも小さいことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置。
- 前記第1の窒化物半導体層及び前記4の窒化物半導体層は、ガイド層またはクラッド層を構成していることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置。
- 前記第2の窒化物半導体層がGaN層からなり、前記第3の窒化物半導体層がAlGaN層からなることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の窒化物半導体レーザ装置。
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JP2006335528A JP4954691B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2006-12-13 | 窒化物半導体レーザ装置の製造方法及び窒化物半導体レーザ装置 |
US11/953,459 US8119429B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2007-12-10 | Method for fabricating nitride semiconductor laser device and nitride semiconductor laser device |
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JP2010287805A (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-24 | Panasonic Corp | 窒化物半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
TWI476953B (zh) * | 2012-08-10 | 2015-03-11 | Univ Nat Taiwan | 半導體發光元件及其製作方法 |
GB2584150B (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2021-05-19 | Plessey Semiconductors Ltd | LED precursor including a passivation layer |
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JPH0983071A (ja) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-28 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体レーザ |
JP2003142780A (ja) | 1996-01-25 | 2003-05-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体レーザ装置 |
JPH1027947A (ja) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体レーザ |
JP3988961B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-25 | 2007-10-10 | シャープ株式会社 | 窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 |
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JP3898798B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-27 | 2007-03-28 | シャープ株式会社 | 窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
JP2003249481A (ja) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
KR100542720B1 (ko) * | 2003-06-03 | 2006-01-11 | 삼성전기주식회사 | GaN계 접합 구조 |
US7148149B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2006-12-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating nitride-based compound semiconductor element |
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US7320898B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-01-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor laser device and method for fabricating the same |
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JP2006128661A (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-05-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 窒化物系半導体レーザ |
US7720124B2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2010-05-18 | Panasonic Corporation | Semiconductor device and fabrication method thereof |
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