JP4934582B2 - スピンホール効果素子を用いた磁気センサ、磁気ヘッド及び磁気メモリ - Google Patents
スピンホール効果素子を用いた磁気センサ、磁気ヘッド及び磁気メモリ Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 146
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 93
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Te] OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ga].[As].[In] Chemical compound [Ga].[As].[In] KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium arsenide Chemical compound [As]#[Al] MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VCEXCCILEWFFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury telluride Chemical compound [Hg]=[Te] VCEXCCILEWFFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=[Se] YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 24
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910017107 AlOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910005335 FePt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100167360 Drosophila melanogaster chb gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-pyren-1-ylbutanoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C2C=1CCCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004140 HfO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004262 HgTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910006592 α-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/37—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices using Hall or Hall-related effect, e.g. planar-Hall effect or pseudo-Hall effect
- G11B5/372—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices using Hall or Hall-related effect, e.g. planar-Hall effect or pseudo-Hall effect in magnetic thin films
- G11B5/374—Integrated structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/1284—Spin resolved measurements; Influencing spins during measurements, e.g. in spintronics devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/161—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/18—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using Hall-effect devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/37—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices using Hall or Hall-related effect, e.g. planar-Hall effect or pseudo-Hall effect
- G11B5/376—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices using Hall or Hall-related effect, e.g. planar-Hall effect or pseudo-Hall effect in semi-conductors
- G11B5/378—Integrated structures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/1107—Magnetoresistive
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Description
本発明の他の目的は、スピンホール効果素子を用いて外部磁場の方向を信号として検出する磁気ヘッドを提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、スピンホール効果素子の強磁性層の磁化方向を反転させることにより信号を記録する磁気メモリを提供することである。
<実施例1>
図1(a)に上記スピンホール素子を用いた、実施例1による磁気センサの構成を示す。実施例1による磁気センサ100においては、スピンホール効果層となる非磁性体13には、不純物のない半導体、ゼロギャップ半導体、またはナローギャップ半導体を用いる。また、磁気センサ100は、強磁性層11から非磁性体スピンホール効果層13に注入されたスピン流の電荷蓄積を利用した磁化検出機能を有する。
図5(a)に、図4(a)のスピンホール効果素子51を適用した、実施例2による垂直媒体の磁区境界を検知する磁気再生ヘッドの構成例を示す。磁気再生ヘッド(磁気ヘッド)200は、基板及び下地材料等からなる基体101上に、幅100nm,長さ100nm,厚さ40nmの非磁性Pt層13が形成され、その上に幅100nm,長さ100nm,厚さ60nmの非磁性絶縁体MgO層12を介して幅100nm,長さ100nm,厚さ40nmの強磁性CoFe層11が形成されている。Pt層13の側面には、幅100nm,長さ100nm,厚さ40nmの銅(Cu)電極端子141及び142がアモルファスアルミナ(AlOx)1411及び1421を介したトンネル接合により形成されている。シールド61は、Cu電極端子間方向に平行で、かつ、媒体31の磁区の境界に平行に、CoFe/MgO/Pt積層膜の側面に形成されている。強磁性CoFe層11は、図5(b)及び図5(c)に示すように、垂直磁気媒体31表面に近い位置に積層膜上面に対面するように配置される。図5(b)及び図5(c)では、説明を簡単にするために、シールド61及び基体101は省いてある。図5(b)中の記号32及び図5(c)中の矢印32は同一で、磁区境界に発生する漏れ磁場の向きを示す。また、図5(c)中の矢印33は垂直媒体31の磁区の磁化の向きを、図5(b)中の記号21及び図5(c)中の矢印21は同一で、磁化された強磁性CoFe層11の磁化の向きを示す。媒体31の磁区境界を強磁性CoFe層11で積層膜上面より検知し、磁化された強磁性CoFe層11を非磁性Pt層13における電荷蓄積により検出する。
図9(a)に、図3(a)に示したスピンホール効果素子50を用いた、実施例3による磁気メモリ素子の基本構成を示す。磁気メモリ素子300は、非磁性体スピンホール効果層13に印加された電荷流に基づく強磁性層11へのスピン注入機能を有する。図9(a)に示すように、スピンホール効果素子50の積層膜において、電極端子141から電極端子142に電流を印加する電流源162を接続し、電極端子141から非磁性体スピンホール効果層13へと電流を流す。
18…電圧計、21…強磁性層の磁化方向、22…アップスピン電子、
23…ダウンスピン電子、31…垂直磁気媒体、32…漏れ磁場、33…媒体の磁化方向、40…スピン流、50,51,501,511…スピンホール効果素子、61…シールド、100…磁気センサ、101…基板、141,142…電極端子(非磁性体端子)、
161…膜厚方向の電流源、162…非磁性体への電流源、200…磁気再生ヘッド、
300…磁気メモリ素子、1411,1421…高抵抗層。
Claims (15)
- 非磁性体スピンホール効果層と、強磁性層と、前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層と強磁性層との間に配置された非磁性絶縁体層とを有する積層膜と、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の側面に接続された非磁性体端子対と、
前記積層膜の膜厚方向に電流を印加する手段とを備え、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の厚みは、該非磁性体スピンホール効果層を構成する材料のスピン拡散長の2倍よりも薄く、
外部磁場により磁化された前記強磁性層の磁化の向きを、前記非磁性体端子対の両端に生じる電圧の極性によって検出することを特徴とする磁気センサ。 - 請求項1記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層を構成する材料は、Cuより大きな原子番号を有する非磁性体、またはガリウム砒素(GaAs),インジウム砒素(InAs),アルミニウム砒素(AlAs),インジウムガリウム砒素(InGaAs),インジウムガリウム窒素−ガリウム窒素超格子(InGaN/GaN),テルル化水銀(HgTe),セレン化水銀(HgSe),硫化水素(b-HgS),a鈴(-Sn),テルル化鉛(PbTe),セレン化鉛(PbSe),硫化鉛(PbS)からなる群の中から選択される化合物半導体、またはガリウム砒素系半導体(GaAs-based semiconductor)であることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項2記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記非磁性絶縁体層を構成する材料は、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)であることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項3記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記強磁性層を構成する材料は、Co,Ni,Fe、Mnからなる群の中から選択される元素、あるいはこれらの元素を少なくとも一種類を主成分として含有している合金あるいは化合物であることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項1記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記強磁性層が外部磁場により磁化される方向は、前記非磁性体端子間方向に垂直な方向であることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項1記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記非磁性体端子対と前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層はトンネル接合されていることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項1記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記非磁性体端子対と前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の間に高抵抗膜を有することを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 請求項6記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記高抵抗膜はAlOXであることを特徴とする磁気センサ。
- 非磁性体スピンホール効果層と、強磁性層と、前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層と強磁性層との間に配置された非磁性絶縁体層とを有する積層膜と、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の側面に接続された非磁性体端子対と、
前記積層膜の膜厚方向に電流を印加する手段と、
前記積層膜の両側面に設けられた磁気シールドとを備え、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の厚みは、該非磁性体スピンホール効果層を構成する材料のスピン拡散長の2倍よりも薄く、
前記強磁性層の磁化の向きを前記非磁性体端子対の両端に生じる電圧の極性によって検出することにより、前記強磁性層に印加された外部磁場の方向を検出することを特徴とする磁気ヘッド。 - 請求項9記載の磁気ヘッドにおいて、前記非磁性体端子対と前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層はトンネル接合されていることを特徴とする磁気ヘッド。
- 請求項9記載の磁気ヘッドにおいて、前記非磁性体端子対と前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の間に高抵抗膜を有することを特徴とする磁気ヘッド。
- 請求項11記載の磁気センサにおいて、前記高抵抗膜はAlOXであることを特徴とする磁気ヘッド。
- 非磁性体スピンホール効果層と、強磁性層と、前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層と強磁性層との間にある非磁性絶縁体層とを有する積層膜と、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の側面に接続された非磁性体端子対と、
前記積層膜の膜厚方向に電流を印加する手段と、
前記非磁性体端子対間に電流を印加する手段とを備え、
前記非磁性体スピンホール効果層の厚みは、該非磁性体スピンホール効果層を構成する材料のスピン拡散長の2倍よりも薄く、
前記非磁性体端子対間に印加する電流の極性によって、前記強磁性層の磁化の向きを反転させることを特徴とする磁気メモリ。 - 請求項13記載の磁気メモリにおいて、前記強磁性層にNiFe合金を用いることを特徴とする磁気メモリ。
- 請求項13記載の磁気メモリにおいて、前記積層膜の膜厚方向に電流を印加する手段により前記積層膜の膜厚方向に電流を印加し、前記非磁性体端子対の両端に生じる電圧の極性を検出することにより、前記強磁性層の磁化の向きを検出することを特徴とする磁気メモリ。
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