JP4908357B2 - Wind turbine generator expansion and remodeling method. - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for expanding and remodeling a wind power generator including a steel or concrete tower fixed to a foundation, a nacelle attached to an upper portion of the tower, and a windmill attached to the nacelle. .

  As this type of wind power generator that has been generally used, a steel plate tower is fixed to a concrete foundation, and a nacelle is attached to the top of the tower. A generator and a gearbox are accommodated in the nacelle, and a windmill is fixed to a rotor shaft protruding from the gearbox. When the wind turbine blades receive wind and rotate, the speed increaser increases the rotational speed to a constant value, and the generator converts the rotational motion into electric power.

JP 2002-122066 A JP 2005-248687 A

ｎij:繰返し回数 Nij：疲労寿命 （式-1）
等を用いて評価する。
設定した耐用年数の間に作用する各振動荷重毎の繰返し回数（nij）を、疲労試験などによって得られた疲労強度曲線から求まる疲労寿命（Nij）で除す。これらを全ての振動荷重において積算し、累積損傷度Ｄを求め、これが１以下であれば、疲労破壊しないと判断できる。検討に用いる風は実際には不規則に変化するが、統計的な確率分布により想定する。
そして、風力発電用タワーは、風車の耐用年数（一般に20年）に合わせて設計されていたため、耐用期間が過ぎた後に、風車やナセルと一緒に解体撤去しなければならず、解体コストが発生しているのが現状であった。 Wind power generators use natural energy and efficiently generate power by controlling the direction of the windmill and the angle of the blades in response to the ever changing wind speed and direction. Unlike other tower-like structures, wind power generation towers are easily shaken because of their own heavy windmills and generators on top, and wind acting as an external force and rotation of blades that receive wind It is characteristic that it is always subjected to vibration load caused by the above. For this reason, the tower is subject to fatigue damage due to vibration loads. Therefore, in designing, in addition to the safety check against short-term loads such as storms and earthquakes, the fatigue check caused by the wind received during the service life is performed. ing.
In the fatigue check accompanying the vibration of the tower for wind power generation, if the cumulative damage degree is D,

nij: Number of repetitions Nij: Fatigue life (Formula-1)
Etc. are evaluated.
The number of repetitions (nij) for each vibration load that acts during the set service life is divided by the fatigue life (Nij) obtained from the fatigue strength curve obtained by a fatigue test or the like. These are integrated for all vibration loads to determine the cumulative damage degree D. If this is 1 or less, it can be determined that fatigue failure will not occur. Although the wind used for the study actually varies irregularly, it is assumed based on a statistical probability distribution.
And since the tower for wind power generation was designed according to the service life of the windmill (generally 20 years), it must be dismantled and removed together with the windmill and nacelle after the end of the service life, resulting in dismantling costs It was the current situation.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for extending and remodeling a wind power generator that can effectively reduce the construction cost by effectively utilizing the existing strength of a tower that has passed the endurance years.

  In the wind power generator including the tower fixed to the foundation, the nacelle attached to the upper part of the tower, and the windmill attached to the nacelle, Measure the strength of the first generation tower, identify the loss strength and residual strength at the time of extension and reconstruction based on the measurement results, use the residual strength as part of the strength of the second generation tower, and further outside the first generation tower The second generation tower is constructed by expanding the system.

  The towers used for wind power generators are subject to irregular bending loads due to windmills and nacelle swaying due to normal crosswinds, unexpected earthquakes, and typhoons. In reality, towers that have passed the endurance years have generally been demolished. On the other hand, in the method for expanding and remodeling a wind power generator according to the present invention, the second generation tower is added so as to add to the strength of the first generation tower, so that the first generation tower can be reused. In comparison with the construction of a tower from scratch, the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

  In the first generation tower, accelerometers and speedometers are provided at a plurality of positions in the height direction. The accelerometers and speedometers detect horizontal acceleration and speed, and the first generation tower is detected by this detection. It is preferable to specify the loss proof strength.

  In this case, accelerometers and speedometers are installed at positions where the behavior of the tower can be accurately grasped (normal towers vibrate in the primary mode. Then, the amplitude, frequency, and number of vibrations in each part of the tower are measured over time to grasp the behavior of the entire tower. The results obtained from this measurement are used to rebuild wind power generators that have passed the endurance years, and are used to determine how much of the first generation tower is damaged in the height direction. . In this way, the degree of damage to the first generation tower is determined based on the actual measurement data obtained from the accelerometer and the speedometer, so that the first generation tower is added to the strength of the first generation tower. Since it is only necessary to add a second generation tower, the first generation tower can be reused, and the construction cost can be greatly reduced as compared with the case where the tower is constructed from scratch.

In addition, it is preferable that a strain gauge is installed in the first generation tower to specify the loss tolerance of the first generation tower.
Displacement, frequency, and number of deformations can be measured over time with a strain gauge, and combined with the use of accelerometers and speedometers, the accuracy of evaluation of existing towers can be further enhanced.

In addition, it is preferable that a load meter is attached to the PC steel material extending along the height direction of the first generation tower made of concrete, and the loss proof strength of the first generation tower is specified by measurement of the load meter.
The load meter can measure the amplitude, frequency, and number of vibrations of tension applied to the PC steel over time. Combined with the use of accelerometers and speedometers, the accuracy of evaluation of existing towers is further improved. Can be increased.

In addition, it is preferable that the second generation tower is provided with a tower extension part that is covered with the concrete and covers the outside of the first generation tower.
By adding a tower with concrete, the cost and construction period can be greatly reduced compared with the case of adding a tower with steel.

  The present invention makes it possible to effectively reduce the construction cost by effectively utilizing the existing strength of the tower that has passed the endurance years.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a wind power generator expansion / reconstruction method according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the first generation wind power generator 1, a first generation tower 3 made of a steel plate is fixed to a concrete base 2 buried in the ground. A nacelle 4 is fixed to the top of 3. In this nacelle 4, a generator and a speed increaser (not shown) are accommodated, and a hub 5a of a wind turbine 5 is fixed to a rotor shaft (not shown) protruding from the speed increaser. The blade 5b is fixed. In addition, the nacelle 4 is provided with a wind direction / anemometer (not shown) main body, which controls the direction of the wind turbine 5 and the angle of the blade 5b in accordance with the constantly changing wind speed and direction. It is carried out. The first generation tower 3 is designed according to the useful life of the nacelle 4 and the wind turbine 5 (generally 20 years).

  In a conventional tower, if the load continuously received by the tower is calculated based on the data continuously measured by the wind direction / anemometer (not shown), missing data due to wind turbine failure or maintenance, wind speed / wind direction change and wind turbine The control time lag and other unforeseen external forces contain large errors. In other words, from the data continuously measured by the wind direction and anemometer (not shown), it is not possible to derive the actual load history of the tower after the period of use, and the current loss tolerance of the tower ( The cumulative damage degree) cannot be evaluated. Therefore, when replacing the wind turbine 5, even if it is desired to reuse the entire tower or some of the members for reuse, the loss resistance at the time of expansion and remodeling is unclear and cannot be reused. All need to be dismantled and removed.

  In consideration of the replacement with the second generation wind turbine, it is possible to design the first generation tower 3 with a service life that is twice that of the wind turbine 5 from the beginning. Wind turbines with the same vibration characteristics may not be available after 20 years. For this reason, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the vibration characteristics of the second-generation windmill unless the actual loss tolerance of the first-generation tower 3 at that time is known at the time of replacement with the second-generation windmill.

  In view of such a problem, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the actual vibration history is measured in the first generation tower 3 made of steel plate, and the cumulative damage degree of the first generation tower 3 is grasped. In order to do so, a speedometer 10, an accelerometer 11, and a strain gauge 13 are arranged. The speedometer 10 and the accelerometer 11 are fixed on a stage 14 that extends horizontally in the inner diameter direction of the first generation tower 3, and are attached to the top portion 3a, the intermediate portion 3b, and the bottom portion 3c of the first generation tower 3. Each is arranged. Needless to say, the height positions at which the speedometer 10 and the accelerometer 11 are arranged differ depending on the height and shape of the first generation tower 3.

  The speedometer 10 and the accelerometer 11 measure the speed and acceleration in the horizontal direction of the first generation tower 3. The speed meter 10 and the accelerometer 11 measure the amplitude, frequency, and frequency of vibration at each part 3a-3b in the height direction of the first generation tower 3 over time, and the three-dimensional behavior of the entire first generation tower 3 is measured. To grasp. The speedometer 10 and the accelerometer 11 are detachable from the stage 14 and can be replaced at the time of failure or maintenance. The measured values by the speedometer 10 and the accelerometer 11 are accumulated over a certain period or the service life.

  On the inner wall surface of the first generation tower 3, a strain gauge 13 is attached to a location (for example, an intermediate portion 3 b and a bottom portion 3 c of the first generation tower 3) that may be a weak point in the structure of the first generation tower 3. The strain gauge 13 measures the displacement, frequency, and number of deformations in the mounting portion over time, and performs local evaluation. The measured value by the strain gauge 13 is accumulated over a certain period or the useful life.

  Further, the test piece A is collected from a part of the first generation tower 3. The test pieces A collected at various places are used for grasping the tensile strength and the compressive strength by performing a tensile test and a compression test. Thereby, it is possible to know the secular change of the material of the first generation tower 3, and compare the cumulative damage degree calculated based on the calculation with the actual member strength obtained from the test piece A to determine the actual member. It is also possible to correct the calculation result of the cumulative damage degree based on the strength.

  After the start of sharing the wind power generator 1, the loss proof is calculated based on the measurement data obtained by the speedometer 10, accelerometer 11, strain gauge 13 and test piece A, and then the remaining proof strength of the first generation tower 3 is calculated. Identify and use the remaining strength as part of the strength of the second generation tower. For example, data such as amplitude / frequency / number of vibrations obtained from the speedometer 10, the accelerometer 11, and the strain gauge 13 are accumulated. The stress range is obtained from the amplitude data and the average value of the bending moment applied to each part from the bending rigidity of the steel plate tower, and the stress scale Scd max Scd min is calculated using this value to obtain the fatigue life N. Further, the cumulative damage degree in each part of the first generation tower 3 is calculated using the above-described equation-1. The design condition of the second generation tower to be rebuilt is determined by the value of the cumulative damage degree. First, the tower required for the second generation wind turbine is designed, and the required strength in each part of the tower is calculated. The lack of the strength of the first generation tower considering the cumulative damage is calculated at each part of the tower, and the second generation tower is economically constructed by reinforcing and remodeling this part. If the measurement data collection period is shorter than the durable years, the cumulative damage degree is calculated by statistical processing or the like based on the obtained data.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the first generation tower 3A using concrete will be described. The speedometer 10, the accelerometer 11, the strain gauge 13, and the test piece A are the same as those of the first generation tower 3 made of a steel plate, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  In the first generation tower 3A, a PC steel material (PC steel wire, PC steel bar) 15 extends over the entire height for the purpose of reinforcing concrete. The PC steel material 15 is equally arranged at an equal angle, and a load meter 16 is attached to an arbitrary PC steel material 15, and the amplitude, frequency, and vibration frequency of the tension force acting on the PC steel material 15 are determined by the load meter 16. Measure and specify the loss proof strength of the PC steel 15 at the time of extension and reconstruction. In addition, a rebar gauge 17 is attached to the reinforcing bar 19 in order to specify the loss proof strength at the time of extension and renovation at a location that may be a weak point in the structure of the first generation tower 3A (for example, the middle and bottom of the first generation tower 3A) . The reinforcing bar meter 17 measures the displacement, frequency, and number of deformations of the reinforcing bar 19 over time, and performs local evaluation of the reinforcing bar 19.

  As described above, when the accumulated damage degree and strength of the first generation towers 3 and 3A made of steel plates or concrete are grasped by various measuring devices, it is possible to design them in consideration of reuse. Become. Then, in each part of the first generation towers 3 and 3A, a part that has reached the initially assumed cumulative damage level and a part that has sufficient strength and can be reused become clear.

  Next, the case where the existing wind power generator 1 mentioned above is remodeled is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a new wind generator 20 to be renovated employs a new nacelle 21 and a wind turbine 22 instead of the nacelle 4 and the wind turbine 5 that have passed the endurance years. For the 2nd generation tower) T1 and the new foundation B portion, the first generation tower 3 and the foundation 2 are reused. Using the strength of the first generation tower 3, the outside of the first generation tower 3 is covered with a tower extension 23. The tower extension 23 in the second generation tower T1 is configured to increase the thickness of the first generation tower 3 where the strength is insufficient. Similarly, the outside of the foundation 2 is also covered with the foundation extension part 24, and the foundation 2 is subjected to so-called extra striking with concrete.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, an adapter 21 a provided on the bottom surface of the nacelle 21 and an adapter 23 a provided on the top of the tower extension 23 are connected by a bolt 29. As shown in FIG. 7, in the tower extension 23, the outside of the first generation tower 3 is covered with a concrete body 26, and a grout 25 is filled between the first generation tower 3 and the concrete body 26. The A sheath tube 27 is embedded in the concrete body 26, a PC steel wire 28 extends in the sheath tube 27, and the sheath tube 27 is filled with grout. The sheath tube 27 may not be filled with grout.

  In the wind power generator 20 after the reconstruction, the measuring devices such as the speedometer 10, the accelerometer 11 and the strain gauge 13 in the first generation tower 3 may be removed after the reconstruction, but the second generation tower T1. Measurement may be continued. By measuring continuously after the renovation, this measurement result can be used in the third generation tower.

  In this way, using the tower that was previously dismantled and removed, the part that can be used as it is as the second generation tower and the part that needs to be reinforced are calculated. In addition, appropriate reinforcement with additional cast concrete is applied to necessary parts such as parts where the degree of cumulative damage cannot be afforded or where the strength has decreased due to fatigue, and the necessary cumulative damage and strength are ensured by the sum of the old and new members. ing. This eliminates the need to dismantle the first generation. In addition, it is possible to easily cope with an increase in the size and installation height of the second-generation wind power generator 20, and it is possible to reduce the cost and construction period of the second-generation tower construction.

  Since the 1st generation tower 3 can be reused at the time of construction of the 2nd generation tower T1, the quantity of concrete etc. can be reduced, so that the cost can be reduced. Since the first generation tower 3 can be used as a formwork / formwork support, the cost of formwork / formwork support can be reduced, and the work period can be shortened. Since the scaffolding of the first generation tower 3 can be reused, the cost and construction period can be shortened, and the safety for work is improved. The amount of industrial waste generated can be reduced.

  It is also possible to design the tower by setting a service period for two generations from the time of construction of the first generation tower 3. By installing the measuring device, the tower can grasp the actual cumulative damage level, so the safety of the tower can be confirmed when switching to the second generation windmill. In addition, even when the specifications of the second generation wind generator are changed from the original schedule, the initial design is checked based on the cumulative damage actually received, and the safety as a new wind generator tower is confirmed. It is possible to check.

  Another example of the tower extension part in the second generation tower will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in the tower extension portion 30 in the second generation tower T <b> 2, the outside of the first generation tower 3 is covered with the concrete body 31, and the gap between the first generation tower 3 and the concrete body 31 is covered. A PC steel wire 32 extends in the middle.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in the tower extension part 35 in the second generation tower T3, the outside of the first generation tower 3 is covered with a concrete main body 36, and stress transmission plates 37 are embedded in the concrete main body 26 at equal intervals. Has been.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the tower extension part 40 in the 2nd generation tower T4, the outside of the 1st generation tower 3 is covered with the concrete main body 41, and the concrete main body 41 is a precast formed by dividing a cylinder into four parts, for example. It is configured by assembling the segment 41a. A grout 42 is filled between the first generation tower 3 and the concrete body 41. A sheath tube 43 is embedded in the precast segment 41a, a PC steel wire 44 extends in the sheath tube 43, and the sheath tube 43 is filled with grout.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the tower extension 45 in the second generation tower T5 may be a steel plate wound around the outside of the first generation tower 3. A fiber reinforced sheet may be employed instead of the steel plate 46.

  It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the tower extension 51 in the second generation tower T6 of the new wind power generator 50 to be renovated is based on the thickness of the location where the first generation tower 3 has insufficient strength. It may be covered with concrete having a uniform thickness. And the top part of the tower extension part 51 is provided with the increase part 51a formed by the concrete hammering, and this raises the tower of the 2nd generation. Moreover, when remodeling a wind power generator, a new tower can also be constructed | assembled based on the 1st generation tower 3A (refer FIG. 4) made from concrete similarly to the 1st generation tower 3 made from a steel plate. Further, when it is not necessary to reinforce all of the first generation towers, they are used as they are as the second generation towers.

It is a front view showing one embodiment of a wind power generator. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the metal tower of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the metal tower of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view showing a concrete tower. It is a longitudinal section showing a wind power generator after extension and reconstruction. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the wind power generator after extension and reconstruction. It is a cross-sectional view of the tower of the wind power generator after extension and reconstruction. It is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the second generation tower. It is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the second generation tower. It is a cross-sectional view showing a third modification of the second generation tower. It is a transverse cross section showing the 4th modification of the 2nd generation tower. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other example of the wind power generator after extension and reconstruction.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,20,50 ... Wind power generator, 2 ... Foundation, 3,3A ... 1st generation tower, 4 ... Nacelle, 5 ... Windmill, 10 ... Speedometer, 11 ... Accelerometer, 13 ... Strain meter, 15 ... PC steel , 23, 30, 35, 40, 45, 51 ... Tower expansion part, T1-T6 ... 2nd generation tower.

Claims (5)

In a wind power generator comprising a tower fixed to a foundation, a nacelle attached to the top of the tower, and a windmill attached to the nacelle,
After the start of sharing, the proof strength of the first generation tower is measured, the loss proof strength and the residual proof strength at the time of extension and renovation are specified based on the measurement results, the residual proof strength is used as part of the proof strength of the second generation tower, A method for expanding and remodeling a wind power generator, characterized in that a second generation tower is constructed by expanding outside the generation tower.   In the first generation tower, accelerometers and speedometers are provided at a plurality of positions in the height direction, and the accelerometers and the speedometers detect horizontal accelerations and speeds, and by this detection, the first generation towers are detected. The method for extending or remodeling a wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the loss tolerance of the generation tower is specified.   3. The method of extending or remodeling a wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a strain gauge is mounted in the first generation tower to specify a loss tolerance of the first generation tower.   A load meter is attached to the PC steel material extending along the height direction of the first generation tower made of concrete, and the loss proof strength of the first generation tower is specified by measurement of the load meter. The method for expanding and reconstructing a wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The wind turbine generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second generation tower includes a tower extension part that covers the outside of the first generation tower and is increased by concrete. Remodeling method.

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