JP4829538B2 - Hub bearing - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a grease for a hub bearing and a hub bearing for rotatably supporting a wheel of an automobile.

  Until the 1970s, automotive hub bearings were mainly designed by arranging two standard bearings conforming to ISO standards. In the 1980's, double row angular contact ball bearings or double row tapered roller bearings integrated with the outer ring of back-to-back bearings, called the first generation hub bearing (GEN1), were adopted by automobile manufacturers for the purpose of improving ease of assembly. It came to be. By integrating the outer ring, the initial axial clearance is set to an appropriate value when the bearing is assembled, so preload adjustment is no longer necessary when assembling to the automobile. Next, a double row bearing called a second generation hub bearing (GEN2) having a flange portion on the outer ring was developed. This is because there are limits to weight reduction and size reduction with standard bearings alone, and the result is a reduction in the number of parts and weight reduction by unitizing with the shaft (hub wheel) and housing (knuckle) that are peripheral parts of the bearing. It is. By changing the fixing to the knuckle from press-fitting to bolt fastening, assembly to the car body has become easier. Furthermore, in the third generation hub bearing (GEN3), the shaft (hub ring) and the bearing inner ring are integrated to reduce the surplus and further improve the assembly of the line. Recently, a fourth generation hub joint (GEN4) in which a hub bearing and a constant velocity joint are integrated has also been developed.

As mentioned above, the assembly workability is greatly improved, and since press-fitting is no longer necessary, it is possible to use a light alloy knuckle that is effective in improving running stability and reducing fuel consumption by reducing unsprung weight. Recently, the use of GEN2 and GEN3 is increasing.
Focusing on the bearing material, conventional bearing steel (eg, SUJ2) was used up to GEN1, but in GEN2 and GEN3 where the outer ring is provided with a flange, carbon steel for mechanical structure such as S53C, which has good forgeability and is inexpensive, is used. It came to be used. The carbon steel for machine structural use has high-frequency heat treatment applied to the raceway part to ensure the rolling fatigue strength of the bearing part, but the surface strength is weak because there are few alloy components, and it is more resistant to surface origin separation than the bearing steel. Inferior. Therefore, in the same lubrication specification as GEN1, durability may be inferior when use conditions are severe.
As for the improvement of the grease for the hub bearing, it is known to reduce rotational torque by using a low-viscosity base oil (see Patent Document 1) and impart conductivity for removing static electricity (see Patent Document 2). No improvement has been made with respect to the improvement of the surface-resistant peeling of hub bearings after GEN2. The hub bearings are forced to be reduced in size due to the weight reduction of parts for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency and driving stability, and the lubrication conditions are becoming severe due to the increase in surface pressure.
JP 2003-239999 A JP 2004-169862 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and improves the surface-origin-type peel resistance of a hub bearing using carbon steel for machine structure, and exhibits a long life even under severe lubrication conditions. The purpose is to provide.

(式中、Ｒ² は、炭素原子数 6〜15 の芳香族炭化水素基を、Ｒ¹ およびＲ³ は、脂環族炭化水素基および芳香族炭化水素基から選ばれた少なくとも一つの炭化水素基をそれぞれ示す。） The hub bearing grease of the present invention is a hub bearing grease sealed in a hub bearing that rotatably supports an automobile wheel. The grease includes a base oil, a thickener, and zinc dithiocarbamate (hereinafter referred to as ZnDTC). )) As essential components.
The base oil is a mineral oil or a mixed oil of a mineral oil and a synthetic hydrocarbon oil.
The thickener is a urea compound represented by the following formula (1), and is contained in an amount of 1 to 40% by mass based on the entire grease.

Wherein R ² is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and R ¹ and R ³ are at least one hydrocarbon selected from an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Each group is shown.)

A hub bearing according to the present invention is a hub bearing having a sliding contact portion made of carbon steel for machine structure, wherein the hub bearing grease is sealed in the hub bearing.
Here, the slidable contact portion refers to, for example, an inner member having a hub ring and an inner ring in a hub bearing as shown in FIG. 1 described later, an outer member that is an outer ring, and a double row of rolling members interposed between both members. A rolling contact with a moving object. In addition, the grease is a hub bearing in an annular shape surrounded by an inner member, an outer member, and two seal members attached in a form that seals between both members and sandwiches double rows of rolling elements in the axial direction. Enclosed in space.

The hub bearing grease of the present invention is a hub bearing grease that is enclosed in a hub bearing that rotatably supports an automobile wheel, and the grease contains base oil, a thickener, and ZnDTC as essential components. Further, it is possible to suppress surface-initiated peeling in a hub bearing for an automobile, and a long life can be obtained even if the lubrication condition becomes severe in a bearing using a carbon steel for mechanical structure as a bearing ring.
Further, since the hub bearing of the present invention encloses grease containing base oil, thickener and ZnDTC as essential components, even if carbon steel for machine structure is used for the race, And a long life can be obtained even when the lubrication conditions are severe.

The hub bearing of the present invention is a hub bearing made of carbon steel for machine structure and partially composed of a material subjected to induction heat treatment, and having the material at a sliding contact portion with a rolling element, the hub bearing Lubricate the rolling contact part of the bearing with grease.
As a result of examining the durability of such a hub bearing, it was found that a hub bearing encapsulating grease containing ZnDTC as an essential component has improved lubrication performance at the rolling contact portion. The present invention is based on such knowledge.

式中、Ｒ⁴ およびＲ⁵ は炭素原子数 1〜24 、好ましくは 3〜18 の脂肪族炭化水素基である。ＺｎＤＴＣの市販品としては、バンルーブＡＺ（バンダービルド社製）を挙げることができる。 ZnDTC that can be used in the present invention is also called zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate, and is represented by the following formula (2).

In the formula, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms. As a commercially available product of ZnDTC, Van Lube AZ (manufactured by Vander Build) can be mentioned.

  The blending ratio of ZnDTC that can be used in the present invention is 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 1 to 10% by mass, based on the entire grease. If the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, it is difficult to obtain the desired effect sufficiently.

Examples of the base oil that can be used for the hub bearing grease of the present invention include mineral oil, poly-α-olefin (hereinafter referred to as PAO) oil, ester oil, phenyl ether oil, fluorine oil, and Fischer-Tropsch reaction. Synthetic hydrocarbon oil (GTL base oil) to be synthesized and the like can be mentioned. Moreover, these mixtures can be used.
As the mineral oil, for example, any of those usually used in the field of lubricating oils and greases such as naphthenic mineral oil, paraffinic mineral oil, liquid paraffin, and hydrodewaxed oil can be used.
Examples of the PAO oil include α-olefin polymers, α-olefin and olefin copolymers, and polybutene. These are oligomers which are low polymers of α-olefin, and have a structure in which hydrogen is added to the terminal double bond. Polybutene, which is a kind of α-olefin, can also be used, which can be produced by polymerizing a starting material mainly composed of isobutylene using a catalyst such as aluminum chloride. Polybutene may be used as it is or after hydrogenation.
Other specific examples of the α-olefin include 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene. 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracocene and the like, and usually a mixture thereof is used.
In consideration of lubrication performance and price, among these base oils, it is preferable to use mineral oil or a mixed oil of mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon oil.

The base oil that can be used in the present invention is liquid at room temperature and has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 30 to ²⁰⁰ mm ² / sec. Preferably, it is 40-120 mm < ² > / sec. If it is less than 30 mm ² / sec, the base oil deteriorates in a short time, and the resulting deteriorated product promotes the deterioration of the entire base oil, so the durability of the bearing is reduced and the life is shortened. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 mm ² / sec, the temperature rise of the bearing due to the increase in rotational torque becomes large, which is not preferable.

The blending ratio of the base oil used in the present invention is preferably 65 to 98% by mass, more preferably 70 to 95% by mass, based on the entire grease.
When the blending ratio of the base oil is less than 65% by mass, the grease is hard and the lubricity at low temperatures is poor. If it exceeds 98 mass%, it is soft and easily leaks.

（Ｒ² は、炭素原子数 6〜15 の芳香族炭化水素基を、Ｒ¹ およびＲ³ は、脂環族炭化水素基および芳香族炭化水素基から選ばれた少なくとも一つの炭化水素基をそれぞれ示す。）
ウレア系化合物は、イソシアネート化合物とアミン化合物を反応させることにより得られる。反応性のある遊離基を残さないため、イソシアネート化合物のイソシアネート基とアミン化合物のアミノ基とは略当量となるように配合することが好ましい。
反応は、例えばモノアミン酸とジイソシアネート類を、70〜110℃程度の基油中で十分に反応させた後、温度を上昇させ 120〜180℃で 1〜2 時間程度保持し、その後冷却し、ホモジナイザー、3 本ロールミル等を使用して均一化処理することによりなされ、各種配合剤を配合するためのベースグリースが得られる。 Thickeners that can be used in the grease for hub bearings of the present invention include metal soaps such as aluminum, lithium, sodium, barium, calcium, composite aluminum, composite lithium, composite sodium, composite barium, composite calcium, and diurea compounds, Examples include urea compounds such as polyurea compounds. In consideration of durability, fretting resistance, and the like, urea compounds are preferable. The urea compound is represented, for example, by the following formula (1).

(R ² represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and R ¹ and R ³ represent at least one hydrocarbon group selected from an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group, respectively. Show.)
The urea compound is obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with an amine compound. In order not to leave a reactive free radical, the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound and the amino group of the amine compound are preferably blended so as to be approximately equivalent.
For example, the reaction is carried out by sufficiently reacting monoamine acid and diisocyanate in a base oil of about 70 to 110 ° C., then increasing the temperature and holding at 120 to 180 ° C. for about 1 to 2 hours, and then cooling and homogenizer The base grease for blending various compounding agents can be obtained by homogenizing using a three-roll mill or the like.

The diurea compound represented by the formula (1) can be obtained, for example, by reaction of diisocyanate and monoamine. Diisocyanates include phenylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 3,3-dimethyl-4,4-biphenylene diisocyanate, octadecane diisocyanate, decane diisocyanate, hexane diisocyanate. Examples of the monoamine include octylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, aniline, p-toluidine, cyclohexylamine and the like.
In the present invention, an alicyclic-aromatic urea compound or an aromatic urea compound obtained by a reaction of an aromatic diisocyanate with an alicyclic monoamine and an aromatic monoamine, or an aromatic monoamine alone is preferable.

  The blending ratio of the thickener used in the present invention is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 3 to 25% by mass, based on the entire grease. If the blending amount of the thickener is less than 1% by mass, the thickening effect is reduced, making it difficult to form a grease, and if it exceeds 40% by mass, the grease becomes too hard and the desired effect is difficult to obtain.

  A known additive can be added to the hub bearing grease of the present invention as needed within a range not impairing the function. Examples of additives include antioxidants such as amine-based, phenol-based and sulfur-based compounds, anti-wear agents such as sulfur-based and phosphorus-based compounds, rust preventives such as metal sulfonates and polyhydric alcohol esters, metal sulfonates, metal Examples thereof include detergents and dispersants such as phosphates. These can be added alone or in combination of two or more.

An example of the hub bearing of the present invention (third generation hub bearing for a driven wheel) is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hub bearing. The hub bearing 6 includes an inner member 5 having a hub wheel 1 and an inner ring 2, an outer member 3 that is an outer ring, and double-row rolling elements 4 and 4. The hub wheel 1 integrally has a wheel mounting flange 1d for mounting a wheel (not shown) at one end thereof, an inner rolling surface 1a on the outer periphery, and a small diameter step portion extending in the axial direction from the inner transfer surface 1a. 1b is formed.
In the present specification, “outside” in the axial direction means the outside in the width direction when assembled to the vehicle, and “inside” means the center in the width direction.
An inner ring 2 having an inner rolling surface 2a formed on the outer periphery is press-fitted into the small-diameter step portion 1b of the hub wheel 1. The inner ring 2 is prevented from coming off in the axial direction with respect to the hub wheel 1 by a crimped portion 1c formed by plastically deforming the end of the small-diameter stepped portion 1b of the hub wheel 1 radially outward. .
The outer member 3 integrally has a vehicle body mounting flange 3b on the outer periphery, an outer rolling surface 3a, 3a on the inner periphery, and an inner rolling surface 1a facing the double row outer rolling surfaces 3a, 3a, Two rows of rolling elements 4 and 4 are accommodated between 2a so as to roll freely.
The hub bearing grease of the present invention is sealed in a space surrounded by the seal member 7, the outer member 3, the seal member 8, the inner member 5, and the hub wheel 1, and the outer member 3, Covering the periphery of the double row rolling elements 4, 4 sandwiched between the side members 5, and the rolling surfaces of the rolling elements 4, 4 and the inner rolling surfaces 1a, 2a and the outer rolling surfaces 3a, 3a. It is used for lubrication of rolling contact parts.

  The grease for hub bearings of the present invention can be used for bearings that are subjected to high loads other than hub bearings.

  Examples of the material that can be used for the hub bearing of the present invention include bearing steel, carburized steel, and carbon steel for machine structure. Among these, it is preferable to use carbon steel for mechanical structure such as S53C which has good forgeability and is inexpensive. The carbon steel is generally used after high-frequency heat treatment to ensure the rolling fatigue strength of the bearing portion. However, even if the carbon steel for mechanical structure is subjected to high-frequency heat treatment, the surface strength is weak because there are few alloy components, and the resistance to surface-origin separation at the sliding contact portion is inferior to the bearing steel. In response to this surface-origin type peeling, the hub bearing grease of the present invention can prevent surface-origin type peeling of carbon steel for machine structures used in hub bearings by improving the lubrication performance at the sliding contact portion. it can.

The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples, but is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
A mineral oil / urea base grease (JIS consistency No. 2 grade, consistency: 265 to 295) in which a urea compound was uniformly dispersed as a thickener in a mineral oil as a base oil was prepared. In 2000 g of mineral oil (Super Oil C manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 100 mm ² / sec), 193.5 g of diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 82.8 g of p-toluidine, cyclohexyl A base grease was obtained by reacting with 76.6 g of amine and uniformly dispersing the formed urea compound. The base grease was blended with additives as shown in Table 1 to obtain a hub bearing grease.
Further, 1 part by weight of sorbitan trioleate as a rust preventive additive, 1 part by weight of calcium sulfonate and 2 parts by weight of alkyldiphenylamine as an antioxidant were added to 100 parts by weight of the grease for hub bearing.
The obtained grease for hub bearing was subjected to the two-cylinder test described below, and the surface-origin type peel resistance was evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 1.

Example 4
A mineral oil / urea base grease (JIS consistency No. 2 grade, consistency: 265 to 295) in which a urea compound was uniformly dispersed as a thickener in a mineral oil as a base oil was prepared. In 2000 g of mineral oil (Super Oil C, Nippon Oil Corporation, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 100 mm ² / sec), 149.5 g of diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 64.0 g of p-toluidine, cyclohexyl A base grease was obtained by reacting 59.2 g of amine and uniformly dispersing the formed urea compound. The base grease was blended with additives as shown in Table 1 to obtain a hub bearing grease.
Further, 1 part by weight of sorbitan trioleate as a rust preventive additive, 1 part by weight of calcium sulfonate and 2 parts by weight of alkyldiphenylamine as an antioxidant were added to 100 parts by weight of the grease for hub bearing.
The obtained hub bearing grease was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.

Example 5
A mineral oil / urea base grease (JIS consistency No. 2 grade, consistency: 265 to 295) in which a urea compound was uniformly dispersed as a thickener in a mineral oil as a base oil was prepared. In 2000 g of mineral oil (Super Oil C manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation, kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C .: 100 mm ² / sec), 309.2 g of diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 132.4 g of p-toluidine and cyclohexyl A base grease was obtained by reacting with 122.5 g of amine and uniformly dispersing the formed urea compound. The base grease was blended with additives as shown in Table 1 to obtain a hub bearing grease.
Further, 1 part by weight of sorbitan trioleate as a rust preventive additive, 1 part by weight of calcium sulfonate and 2 parts by weight of alkyldiphenylamine as an antioxidant were added to 100 parts by weight of the grease for hub bearing.
The obtained hub bearing grease was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.

Two cylinder test:
The surface-origin type peelability was evaluated using a 2-cylinder tester. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a two-cylinder testing machine. In FIG. 2, the driving side cylinder 9a and the driven side cylinder 9b are attached to one end of each rotating shaft. Two cylinder test conditions are summarized in Table 2. The shaft on the drive side cylinder 9a side was driven by a motor, and the driven side cylinder 9b was free-rolled to follow the drive side cylinder. A SUJ2 standard heat-treated product was used for the drive-side cylinder 9a, and a S53C high-frequency heat-treated product was used for the driven-side cylinder 9b. All specimens had a surface hardness of Rockwell hardness HRC 60-63.
The evaluation was performed based on the area ratio of the peeled portion in an arbitrary visual field (%, peeled area total × 100 / total visual field area). For the test grease, the peeled area ratio on the surface of the driven cylinder was measured with a visual field of 3 points each, and the average value was also shown in Table 1.
In addition, the superiority or inferiority of the test grease was evaluated based on the size of the peeled portion area ratio. Grease with a peeled portion area ratio of 15% or less was evaluated as having excellent surface-origin type peelability, and “ Others are shown in Table 1 as “x”.

  In Table 1, all of Examples 1 to 5 to which ZnDTC was added had a small peeled area, whereas Comparative Examples 1 to 3 had a large peeled area.

  The grease for hub bearings of the present invention contains base oil, thickener, and ZnDTC as essential components, so it is possible to suppress surface-initiated peeling in automotive hub bearings, and structural steel is used for the bearing rings. Even in conventional bearings, a long life can be obtained even if the lubrication conditions become severe. Therefore, it can be suitably used for railway vehicles, construction machines, automobile electrical accessories and the like that are required to have long-term durability in addition to wear resistance.

It is sectional drawing of a hub bearing. It is the schematic of a 2 cylinder tester.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hub wheel 1a Inner rolling surface 1b Small diameter step part 1c Clamping part 1d Wheel mounting flange 2 Inner ring 2a Inner rolling surface 3 Outer member 3a Outer rolling surface 3b Car body mounting flange 4 Rolling element 5 Inner member 6 Hub bearing 7 Seal member 8 Seal member 9a Drive side cylinder 9b Drive side cylinder 10a Drive side tachometer 10b Drive side tachometer 11a Drive side slip ring 11b Drive side slip ring

Claims (3)

A hub bearing that rotatably supports the wheel of an automobile and has a sliding contact portion made of carbon steel for machine structure,
Grease that lubricates the sliding contact portion is enclosed, and the grease has base oil, thickener, and zinc dithiocarbamate as essential components ,
The base oil is a mineral oil or a mixed oil of a mineral oil and a synthetic hydrocarbon oil;
The thickener is an alicyclic-aromatic urea compound obtained by reaction of an aromatic diisocyanate with an alicyclic monoamine and an aromatic monoamine,
A hub bearing characterized in that the zinc dithiocarbamate is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the entire grease . The hub bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the thickener is contained in an amount of 1 to 40% by mass based on the whole grease. The hub bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zinc dithiocarbamate is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 3 mass% with respect to the entire grease.

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