JP4724894B2 - Solid separation device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solid separator, and more particularly, to a solid separator capable of efficiently separating a solid from a solid-liquid and solid-gas mixed fluid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, harmful organic substances in mixed fluids in which solids are suspended in liquids such as organic industrial waste such as food, pulp sludge, crude heavy oil, sludge, and sake lees are decomposed, or such mixed fluids are valuable. In order to divert to a product, supercritical water or a hydrothermal reactor with critical water is used for processing, but when processing a solid-liquid mixed fluid with such a hydrothermal reactor, The solid fluid (mainly inorganic substance) in the mixed fluid is caught in the valve of the processing equipment including the hydrothermal reactor, or the solid adheres to and accumulates inside the processing equipment, causing the operation to be blocked. In order to prevent such a problem from occurring, a solid separation device that separates a solid from a solid-liquid mixed fluid is used.
[0003]
On the other hand, in a fine powder production facility that pulverizes a solid to obtain a fine powder, or a facility that separates dust and the like to obtain a clean gas (air), a solid separation for separating a solid from a solid-gas mixed fluid The device is used.
[0004]
As a method for separating a solid from a solid-liquid mixed fluid, a sedimentation method and a centrifugal method are conventionally known.
[0005]
The sedimentation method is a method in which a solid is mixed with a liquid mixture in a sedimentation tank and allowed to stand, whereby the solid is settled and separated by the specific gravity difference between the solid and the liquid. The centrifugal method is, for example, a cyclone method. This is a method of separating a solid by a specific gravity difference between a liquid and a solid by swirling a solid-liquid mixed fluid and applying a centrifugal force like a separator.
[0006]
As a method for separating a solid from a solid-gas mixed fluid, a filter type and a centrifugal type are conventionally known.
[0007]
The filter type is a method in which a solid-gas mixed fluid is passed through a filter and the solid is captured by the filter, and the centrifugal type is a method in which a solid-gas mixed fluid is swirled, for example, as in a cyclone separator to generate centrifugal force. In this method, the solid is separated by the difference in specific gravity between the gas and the solid.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when solids are separated from solid-liquid mixed fluids by sedimentation, if the mixed fluid has a high viscosity and the specific gravity difference between the liquid and the solid is small, it takes a very long time to separate the solid and liquid. In other words, there is a problem that efficient separation is not possible, and there is a problem that a large sedimentation tank and a large space for installing it are required.
[0009]
In addition, when solids are separated from a solid-liquid mixed fluid using a centrifugal method such as a cyclonic separator, there is an advantage that the processing speed is high and it is suitable for mass processing of mixed fluids. The size of the solid particles that can be separated by the method is limited to around 10 microns, and it was not possible to separate fine solids such as several microns to submicrons smaller than this. In particular, in the centrifugal separation, although a certain amount of fine particles can be collected once, there is a problem in that they are re-scattered mechanically, so that the separation performance cannot be improved so much.
[0010]
On the other hand, when using a filter to separate solids from a solid-gas mixed fluid, fine solids can be separated by selecting the filter, but the filter clogs in a short time, and the filter is backwashed. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is frequently necessary to restore the function or to replace the filter with a new one, and therefore, continuous separation work cannot be performed. Further, when the filter is clogged, the pressure loss becomes large and the processing capacity is lowered, which causes a problem that stable operation cannot be performed.
[0011]
Also, when separating solids from solid-gas mixed fluids by centrifugal method, the processing speed is high and suitable for mass processing of mixed fluids, but in general, as with separating solid-liquid mixed fluids in general, The diameter of solid particles that can be separated by a centrifugal method is limited to around 10 microns, and fine solids such as several microns to submicrons smaller than this could not be separated. In particular, in the centrifugal separation, although a certain amount of fine particles can be collected once, there is a problem in that they are re-scattered mechanically, so that the separation performance cannot be improved so much.
[0012]
As described above, conventionally, when a solid is separated from a solid-liquid and solid-gas mixed fluid, it has been impossible to efficiently and stably separate fine particles of several microns or less.
[0013]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems of the prior art, and it is possible to efficiently separate fine solids from solid-liquid and solid-gas mixed fluids. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid separation device that prevents re-scattering and enables reliable separation.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention includes a cyclone having a mixed fluid introduction port connected to the upper part from the tangential direction, a swirl acceleration unit that reduces the diameter downward at the lower part, and a fluid outlet at the upper center of the shaft;
A perforated tube connected to the lower end of the turning acceleration portion of the cyclone and extending vertically downward;
A solid separation chamber that surrounds the outer periphery of the perforated tube and receives solids discharged outward from the pores of the perforated tube by centrifugal force; A centrifuge having a detent member for movement ;
A swirl reduction part connected to the lower end of the perforated pipe and having a diameter expanded downward so that the swirling flow descending inside the perforated pipe is reversed to the ascending flow passing through the axial center, and below the swirl reduction part And a sedimentation separator having a sedimentation part for receiving solids separated from the mixed fluid when the mixed fluid is reversed into an upward flow ;
A solid take-out chamber formed in a lower portion of the solid separation chamber outside the swirl reduction unit;
The present invention relates to a solid separation device comprising:
[0015]
In the above means, a turning acceleration of the cyclone is formed by a tapered perforated plate, but it may also constitute the tapered perforated plate solid separation chamber of the accelerating portion centrifuge equipped with internal pivot stop member that surrounds the outer periphery of the .
[0017]
The present invention operates as follows.
[0018]
The combination of a centrifugal separator provided outside the perforated tube and a sedimentation separator that utilizes the reversal of the flow direction of the mixed fluid allows the solid of the mixed fluid to be continuously, continuously and high, from a few microns to sub-micron particles. It can be separated efficiently.
[0019]
The cyclone swirl acceleration part is formed by a tapered perforated plate with a diameter reduced downward, and an accelerator centrifuge is constructed outside the taper perforated plate. Since it is blown off through the pores of the plate, the influence of the secondary flow in the swirl acceleration portion can be eliminated and the separation performance can be improved.
[0020]
By providing a swirling stop member in the separator to suppress the swirling of the fluid in the separator, the action of separating and dropping the solid can be enhanced.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0022]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a solid state separation apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a case where solids are continuously separated from a mixed liquid of high temperature and high pressure such as a supercritical water / hydrothermal reactor. ing.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, a cyclone 2 is provided inside an upper portion of a main body 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the cyclone 2 has a mixed fluid introduction port 3 connected from the tangential direction to the upper part of the cylindrical space, and a tapered turning acceleration part 4 having a diameter reduced downwardly. Furthermore, a fluid outlet 2a is provided at the upper center of the shaft.
[0024]
A porous tube 5 extending vertically downward is connected to the lower end of the turning acceleration unit 4 of the cyclone 2. The porous tube 5 is made of a punching metal or the like and has a large number of pores 6 formed therein.
[0025]
The perforated tube 5 is for moving the solid to the outside through the pores 6. In order to facilitate the movement of the solid, the perforated tube 5 is preferably made of a thin plate, and the shape of the pore 6 Can be selected in various ways, but as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable to form a long hole in the swirling direction of the swirling flow because the solid easily moves outward.
[0026]
On the outer periphery of the porous tube 5, a centrifuge 7 is provided for recovering solids discharged outward from the pores 6 of the porous tube 5 by centrifugal force.
[0027]
The lower end of the perforated pipe 5 is connected to a tapered swirl speed reducing portion 8 whose diameter is expanded downward, and a lower portion of the swirl speed reducing portion 8 is a precipitation portion 8a for receiving solid separated from the mixed fluid. Is formed.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the centrifuge 7 includes a solid separation chamber 10 that surrounds the outer peripheral surface of the perforated tube 5 with a predetermined space therebetween, and inside the solid separation chamber 10, A swirling stop member 11 is provided for stopping swirling of the fluid discharged to the outside from the pores 6 of the porous tube 5 and moving the solid downward. As shown in FIG. 4, the anti-swivel member 11 can be configured by a plurality of plates that are fixed radially to the inner surface of the solid separation chamber 10 and that have a width spaced from the perforated tube 5. The anti-rotation member 11 is not limited to the shape shown in the figure, and the anti-rotation member 11 may be twisted so that the solid is directed downward.
[0029]
Furthermore, a radial re-scattering prevention plate 12 is provided between the portion of the lower end of the porous tube 5 that does not have the pores 6 and the inner surface of the solid separation chamber 10, as shown in FIG. A solid take-out chamber 13 is formed at a position outside the swivel speed reducing portion 8 below the re-scattering prevention plate 12. The re-scattering prevention plate 12 may be of various shapes as long as it can stabilize the fluctuation of the fluid in the solid take-out chamber 13 and can stabilize it. A solid outlet 14 is provided at the bottom of the solid extraction chamber 13. In addition, a fluid blowing port 15 for directing the separated solid toward the solid outlet 14 is provided at a required position at the bottom of the solid outlet chamber 13.
[0030]
As indicated by arrows in FIG. 1, the swirling flow of the mixed fluid swirled by the cyclone 2 descends to the vicinity of the upper end of the swirl speed reducing unit 8 of the sedimentation separator 9 while swirling in the porous tube 5, and then the reversing unit 16. And the axis center is raised and headed toward the fluid outlet 2a. In this way, the turning force is weakened in the turning speed reduction unit 8, and the mixed fluid that has descended is reversed and raised by the reversing unit 16, so that the fine solid that has fallen with the fluid is effective due to inertia and its own weight. Then, it is separated into the lower part in the precipitation part 8a. A solid outlet 18 is formed in the lower part of the sedimentation separator 9 via a tapered portion 17.
[0031]
A clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 is connected to the middle of the fluid pipe 19 communicating with the fluid outlet 2a of the cyclone 2. A mixed fluid supply pipe 21 is connected to the fluid pipe 19 downstream from the connection portion of the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20, and the mixed fluid is processed by the hydrothermal reaction device 22 and then the cyclone 2 through the pump 23. The mixed fluid introduction port 3 is introduced. In FIG. 1, a part of the mixed fluid at the outlet of the pump 23 is led to the fluid inlet 15 through a pipe 24 and an on-off valve 25.
[0032]
Each of the solid outlets 14 and 18 is provided with an on-off valve 26. Further, a downstream on-off valve 28 is provided downstream of the on-off valve 26 of the solid outlet 14 via a take-out container 27. The downstream on-off valve 28 is closed, the on-off valve 26 is opened, and the on-off valve 25 is opened. By supplying a part of the mixed fluid to the fluid inlet 15, the solid in the solid take-out chamber 13 is taken out into the take-out container 27, and then the on-off valves 25 and 26 are closed and the downstream on-off valve 28 is opened, Solids can be discharged to the outside. According to this method, it is possible to intermittently take out the solid separated into the solid take-out chamber 13 while maintaining the pressure inside the main body 1. On the other hand, by providing a throttle or the like at the solid outlet 14 without providing the above-described extraction container 27, the solid in the solid extraction chamber 13 can be continuously extracted while maintaining the pressure in the main body 1.
[0033]
In the above description, the extraction of the solid from the solid extraction chamber 13 has been described, but the solid outlet 18 of the settling separator 9 is also provided with an extraction container 27 in the same manner as described above, so that the solid can be intermittently extracted. Or you may make it take out solid continuously by providing an aperture_diaphragm | restriction.
[0034]
FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the connecting portion of the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 with respect to the fluid pipe 19. In the example of FIG. 6, the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 is connected to the axis of the fluid pipe 19 at an angle α smaller than 90 ° on the upstream side of the fluid (the cyclone 2 side). Thereby, since the fine particles in the fluid flowing in the direction of the arrow in the fluid pipe 19 tend to go straight by inertia, it is possible to take out the clarified fluid in the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 with very little mixing of the fine particles. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, if the orifice 29 is provided at a position immediately upstream of the connection portion of the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 with respect to the fluid pipe 19, the flow velocity of the fluid is increased by the orifice 29, By increasing the inertial force, the amount of fine particles flowing out toward the clarified fluid take-out pipe 20 is further reduced, and only the clarified fluid can be taken out. In the figure, reference numeral 30 denotes an orifice cleaning nozzle in which a predetermined fluid is blown into the fluid pipe 19 from the tangential direction in order to remove the solid deposited on the orifice 29 by a swirling flow.
[0035]
Hereinafter, the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
[0036]
When the mixed fluid is introduced from the mixed fluid introduction port 3 connected in a tangential direction to the cyclone 2, the mixed fluid forms a swirling flow as indicated by an arrow inside the cyclone 2. Further, the swirl flow is accelerated by the swirl accelerating unit 4 having a tapered diameter at the lower part of the cyclone 2, descends while swirling inside the porous tube 5, and the upper end of the swirl decelerating unit 8 in the sedimentation separator 9. In the vicinity, the turning force weakens, reverses from the downward flow to the upward flow at the reversing portion 16 position, rises in the center of the shaft, and is discharged outside from the fluid outlet 2a of the cyclone 2.
[0037]
As described above, the solid of the mixed fluid swirled by the cyclone 2 and further swung by the swirl accelerating unit 4 is moved to the outside by the action of centrifugal force, and is separated from the pore 6 of the perforated tube 5 from the centrifuge. 7 is separated from the solid separation chamber 10 together with a part of the fluid. At this time, the fluid discharged from the pores 6 of the perforated pipe 5 to the solid separation chamber 10 is discharged in the tangential direction, and therefore tends to swivel in the solid separation chamber 10. However, since the anti-rotation member 11 is provided inside the solid separation chamber 10, the rotation is prevented in the solid separation chamber 10, whereby the solid falls downward in the solid separation chamber and is separated.
[0038]
Further, the solid separated by the centrifuge 7 falls into the solid take-out chamber 13 through the re-scattering prevention plate 12 and is taken out from the solid take-out port 14 intermittently or continuously. At this time, the fluid in the solid take-out chamber 13 is stabilized by the re-scattering prevention plate 12 provided at the upper part of the solid take-out chamber 13, so that the fine particles dropped in the solid take-out chamber 13 do not re-scatter. Settling down, so that solids can be reliably separated.
[0039]
On the other hand, the mixed fluid containing the solid that has not been separated by the centrifugal separator 7 has a swirl force weakened in the vicinity of the upper portion of the swirl reduction unit 8, and the descending fluid is reversed and raised by the reversing unit 16. The fine solid descending together with the fluid descends in the settling portion 8a due to inertia and its own weight, so that the fine solid is also separated by the settling separator 9. The solid separated by the sedimentation separator 9 falls to the solid outlet 18 through the lower tapered portion 17 and is taken out from the solid outlet 18 intermittently or continuously.
[0040]
As described above, by combining the centrifugal separator 7 provided outside the perforated tube 5 and the sedimentation separator 9 utilizing the reversal of the flow direction of the mixed fluid, the solid of the mixed fluid is made into fine particles of several microns to submicron. Can be separated stably and continuously with high efficiency.
[0041]
FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the configuration of FIG. 9, the turning acceleration portion 4 of the cyclone 2 is configured by a tapered perforated plate 31 having pores 31 a. The pore 31a in this case may also be a long hole as shown in FIG.
[0042]
Further, on the outer periphery of the tapered perforated plate 31, a solid separation chamber 33 surrounding the tapered perforated plate 31 and partitioned from the solid separation chamber 10 of the centrifuge 7 by the partition plate 32 is formed. An accelerating portion centrifuge 35 having a rotation stop member 34 similar to the rotation stop member 11 of FIG. A solid outlet 36 having an on-off valve 26 is provided at the bottom of the acceleration unit centrifuge 35. Except for the configuration described above, the configuration is the same as that of FIG.
[0043]
According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to improve solid separation in the turning acceleration unit 4 of the cyclone 2 and perform more effective solid separation.
[0044]
That is, in the cyclone 2, a swirl flow as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9 is formed, and at the same time, a secondary flow 37 that circulates up and down along the inner surface of the swirl acceleration unit 4 as shown in FIG. Occurs. Due to the secondary flow 37, the fine particles that have moved outward by centrifugal force are circulated by being entangled in the secondary flow 37, and some of the fine particles ride on the upward flow rising up the axial center and flow out to the fluid outlet 2a. This problem has caused the separation performance to not be significantly improved when a cyclone is used.
[0045]
However, according to the apparatus of FIG. 9, the turning acceleration part 4 of the cyclone 2 is formed by the tapered perforated plate 31 and the acceleration part centrifuge 35 is configured outside the tapered perforated plate 31. Since the solid that has moved to is discharged to the outside through the pores 31a of the tapered perforated plate 31 without going back on the inner side in the secondary flow 37 of FIG. 10, the separation performance is improved by the conventional secondary flow 37. It is possible to achieve high-efficiency solid separation without the problem of deterioration.
[0046]
FIG. 11 shows still another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 9 represent the same parts, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0047]
A substantially cylindrical space 38 is formed inside the main body 1, and the cyclone 2 is formed above the space 38. The cyclone 2 has a mixed fluid introduction port 3 connected to the upper portion of the space 38 from the tangential direction, and a tapered portion having a pore 31a whose diameter is reduced downward at a lower position of the mixed fluid introduction port 3. The perforated plate 31 constitutes the turning acceleration part 4 and a fluid outlet 2a is provided at the upper center of the shaft.
[0048]
A partition plate 39 that divides the outer periphery of the space 38 in the vertical direction is provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the turning acceleration unit 4.
[0049]
9 is provided on the inner surface of the space 38 above the partition plate 39 so as to receive solids discharged outward from the pores 31a of the tapered perforated plate 31 by centrifugal force. The acceleration part centrifuge 35 made into this is comprised.
[0050]
The inner surface of the space 38 below the partition plate 39 is provided with a radial turning stop member 41 to constitute a sedimentation separator 42.
[0051]
11, the swirl flow of the mixed fluid swirled by the cyclone 2 and accelerated by the swirl accelerating unit 4 by the tapered perforated plate 31 reaches the vicinity of the upper end of the sedimentation separator 42 as indicated by an arrow. After descending, it is reversed by the reversing unit 16 to move up the axis center and head toward the fluid outlet 2a.
[0052]
At this time, the solid moved to the outside by the centrifugal force due to the swirling flow of the cyclone 2 does not return to the inside by riding on the secondary flow 37 shown in FIG. The accelerating unit centrifuge 35 is repelled. Therefore, the problem that the separation performance deteriorates due to the secondary flow 37 as in the conventional case can be eliminated, and highly efficient solid separation can be achieved. The solid discharged to the accelerating unit centrifuge 35 stably falls to the lower part due to the rotation being suppressed by the rotation stop member 41 and is taken out from the solid outlet 36 intermittently or continuously to the outside. .
[0053]
On the other hand, the fluid containing solids not separated by the accelerating unit centrifuge 35 has its swirling force weakened near the upper end of the sedimentation separator 42, and the descending fluid is reversed by the reversing unit 16 and rises. As a result, the fine solids descending together with the fluid descend in the sedimentation separator 42 due to inertia and dead weight, and the sedimentation separator 42 can also separate the fine solids. The solid separated by the sedimentation separator 42 falls to the solid outlet 18 by the lower tapered portion 17 and is taken out from the solid outlet 18 intermittently or continuously.
[0054]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In the illustrated example, the solid separation from the solid-liquid mixed liquid has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to the separation of the solid from the solid-gas mixed fluid. It goes without saying that the pressure of the mixed fluid to be separated can be implemented even at various pressures, and that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the combination of a centrifugal separator provided outside the perforated tube and a sedimentation separator that utilizes reversal of the flow direction of the mixed fluid allows the solids of the mixed fluid to be submicron to several micron to submicron particles, There exists an effect which can isolate | separate stably and continuously and highly efficiently.
[0056]
The cyclone swirl acceleration part is formed by a tapered perforated plate with a diameter reduced downward, and an accelerator centrifuge is constructed outside the taper perforated plate. Since it is blown out through the pores of the plate, there is an effect that the separation performance can be improved by eliminating the influence of the secondary flow in the turning acceleration portion.
[0057]
By providing a swirling stop member in the separator to suppress the swirling of the fluid in the separator, there is an effect of enhancing the falling and separating action of the solid.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cut side view showing an example of a form of a solid separation device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a partial side view showing a shape example of pores of a porous tube.
4 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow IV in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a view in the direction of the arrow V in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cut side view showing a configuration example of a connection portion of a clarified fluid take-out pipe with respect to a fluid pipe.
FIG. 7 is a cut-away side view showing another configuration example of the connection portion of the clarified fluid take-out pipe with respect to the fluid pipe.
8 is a view taken in the direction of arrow VIII in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a cut side view showing another embodiment of the solid separation device of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a secondary flow in a cyclone.
FIG. 11 is a cut side view showing still another embodiment of the solid separation device of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Cyclone 2a Fluid outlet 3 Mixed fluid introduction port 4 Swivel acceleration part 5 Porous tube 6 Pore 7 Centrifugal separator 8 Swivel reduction part 8a Sedimentation part 9 Sedimentation separator 10 Solid separation chamber 11 Swivel prevention member 12 Re-scattering prevention plate 13 Solid Extraction chamber 16 Reversing portion 31 Tapered porous plate 31a Fine pore 33 Solid separation chamber 34 Anti-rotation member 35 Acceleration portion centrifugal separator 38 Space 39 Partition plate 41 Anti-rotation member 42 Sedimentation separator

Claims (2)

A cyclone having a mixed fluid inlet connected to the upper part from the tangential direction, a swirl accelerating part having a diameter reduced downward at the lower part, and a fluid outlet at the upper part of the shaft center;
A perforated tube connected to the lower end of the turning acceleration portion of the cyclone and extending vertically downward;
A solid separation chamber that surrounds the outer periphery of the perforated tube and receives solids discharged outward from the pores of the perforated tube by centrifugal force; A centrifuge having a detent member for movement ;
A swirl reduction part connected to the lower end of the perforated pipe and having a diameter expanded downward so that the swirling flow descending inside the perforated pipe is reversed to the ascending flow passing through the axial center, and below the swirl reduction part And a sedimentation separator having a sedimentation part for receiving solids separated from the mixed fluid when the mixed fluid is reversed into an upward flow ;
A solid take-out chamber formed in a lower portion of the solid separation chamber outside the swirl reduction unit;
A solid separation device comprising:   The accelerating unit centrifuge is configured by forming a swirl acceleration part of a cyclone with a tapered perforated plate and providing a swirling stop member inside a solid separation chamber surrounding the outer periphery of the tapered perforated plate. Item 3. The solid separation device according to Item 1.

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