JP4724038B2 - Dress gear manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention, the gear-type grinding wheel dressing to be used for high precision finishing of the gear, to a manufacturing apparatus of Doresugi A performing shaping.

  In the conventional dress gear, in order to satisfy the required accuracy of the surface roughness, after the abrasive grains are electrodeposited on the base metal, correction processing is performed with a truing tool having a diamond abrasive grain layer (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). reference).

  Moreover, it manufactures by the reverse electrodeposition which temporarily fixes to the inversion type of a dress gear (for example, refer patent document 3).

JP 09-201721 A (page 4-5, FIG. 6) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-106481 (page 2-3, FIG. 3) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-106481 (FIG. 7)

  Since the conventional dress gear as described above uses diamond or cubic boron nitride (cBN) as the abrasive grains used in the dress gear, mechanical truing with a truing tool having a diamond abrasive layer Due to the wear of the diamond of the truing tool and the processing load during truing, it is difficult to obtain ideal shape accuracy, and the truing time is also long.

  Furthermore, the truing processing machine becomes a high-precision, multi-axis NC controller, so that the equipment cost is high, and therefore the processing cost is high.

  In addition, dressing gear production by the reversal electrodeposition method also has a problem that it takes a long time to produce the reversing type and the cost is high.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, to provide a technique capable truing high hardness of diamond abrasive grains with large grain with high accuracy, and in a short time, Doresugi A long life It is intended to obtain a manufacturing apparatus.

A dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is a dressing gear manufacturing apparatus for truing abrasive grains made of diamond or cubic boron nitride fixed to a base metal processed in substantially the same shape as a gear,
A rotation drive unit that rotationally drives the base metal to which the abrasive grains are fixed;
Laser light irradiation means for emitting laser light;
Driving means for relatively driving the laser beam and the rotation driving unit in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction;
The laser beam is always irradiated in the tooth profile direction from the top to the bottom of the gear tooth surface of the base metal and in the tangential direction of the tooth surface of the base metal, and the entire surface of the gear tooth surface of the base metal A control unit for controlling the driving means and the rotation driving unit so as to scan the laser beam
Is provided.

According to the manufacturing apparatus of the engagement Ru de Resugia the present invention, a base metal which is fixed abrasive grains made by large diamond or cubic boron nitride, with high precision by using a laser beam, and can be processed in a short time Further, since the abrasive grains made of diamond or cubic boron nitride can be used, the life of the dress gear can be extended.

  In addition, since the final finishing is performed with laser light, it is not necessary to perform tooth surface grinding with high precision for generating the shape of the base metal, and a truing tool, which is a consumable item, is also unnecessary, so that an inexpensive dress gear can be provided.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
A case will be described in which the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the manufacture of a dressing tool for a grindstone that grinds (hones) a gear tooth surface, that is, a dress gear. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a base metal in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a dress gear before final finishing in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the method of the final finishing of the dress gear in Embodiment 1 of invention.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, the base metal 1 is processed into substantially the same shape as a gear finished as a final product by honing. At this time, after performing the heat treatment, a step of removing distortion caused by the heat treatment by tooth surface grinding may be added, or only the heat treatment may be added.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2, high-hardness abrasive grains 3 such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (cBN) are mainly fixed to the gear tooth surface 2a of the base metal 1 by, for example, electrodeposition.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the laser beam 6 that has passed through the lens 5 is irradiated in the tooth profile direction 8 and from the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface 2 b with the abrasive grains of the dress gear 4 to scan in the tooth trace direction 7. Then, truing is performed, and further, the laser beam 6 is sent at a constant pitch in the tooth profile direction 8 so that the irradiation direction of the laser beam 6 is the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains. By repeating the scanning operation in the line direction 7 at a constant pitch feed in the tooth profile direction 8, the entire surface of the gear tooth surface 2 b with abrasive grains is scanned with the laser beam 6 and truing is performed. A target gear tooth surface shape having a uniform height of the high hardness abrasive grains 3 is obtained.

  According to the dressing gear 4 of the first embodiment, even when a high-hardness abrasive grain 3 such as a large diamond or cBN abrasive grain is used, an operation for scanning in the tooth trace direction 7 using the laser beam 6 is performed. By repeating the feed in the direction 8 at a constant pitch, the height of the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 can be made uniform, so that the surface roughness of the toothed gear tooth surface 2b after truing can be made highly accurate in a short time. it can. Further, since the diameter of the abrasive grains can be increased, the dress gear is less likely to be clogged, the wear volume is increased, and the life of the dress gear 4 is increased.

  In addition, since the height of the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 is aligned with the laser beam 6, it is not necessary to finish the shape creation of the base metal 1 with high precision by tooth surface grinding, and there is no need for a diamond truing tool as a consumable item. Therefore, the inexpensive dress gear 4 can be provided.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a dress gear manufacturing method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the operation of scanning the laser beam 6 in the tooth trace direction 7 is repeated at a constant pitch in the tooth profile direction 8, but in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. Is scanned in the tooth profile direction 8 and a constant pitch feed is repeated in the tooth trace direction 7 to scan the entire surface of the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains to create a target gear tooth surface shape in which the height of the high hardness abrasive grains 3 is uniform. To do.

  FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the dress gear according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 5A is an SEM photograph of the diamond abrasive grain surface 9 before irradiation with laser light, and FIG. 5B is an SEM photograph of the abrasive grain surface 9 after truing with laser light irradiation. is there.

  5A, the tip of the diamond abrasive grain surface 9 is a projection, and the height of the projection is not uniform. In FIG. 5B, the laser beam is scanned and the diamond abrasive grain surface is In FIG. 9, parallel stripe-like grooves 10 (transverse grooves in the photograph) in the direction of scanning with the laser beam 6 are formed, and the height of the diamond abrasive grain surface 9 is made uniform.

  According to the dress gear 4 of the second embodiment, the laser beam 6 is scanned in the tooth profile direction 8 using the laser beam 6 even when the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 such as large diamonds and cBN abrasive grains are used. By repeating the operation at a constant pitch feed in the tooth trace direction 7, the height of the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 can be made uniform, so that the surface roughness of the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains after dressing can be highly accurate in a short time. Can be. Further, since the diameter of the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 can be increased, the dress gear is less likely to be clogged, the wear volume is increased, and the life of the dress gear 4 is increased.

  In addition, since the height of the high-hardness abrasive grains 3 is aligned with the laser beam 6, it is not necessary to finish the shape creation of the base metal 1 with high precision by tooth surface grinding, and there is no need for a diamond truing tool as a consumable item. Therefore, the inexpensive dress gear 4 can be provided.

  Further, since the scanning direction of the laser light 6 is the tooth profile direction 8, it is easy to obtain the shape accuracy of the tooth profile direction 8.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and shows a manufacturing apparatus that performs truing, which is the final finish of the dressing gear.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the dressing gear manufacturing apparatus of the third embodiment has a Y-axis stage 12 that moves in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis stage 11 mounted on an X-axis stage 11 that moves in one axis direction. Furthermore, the Y-axis stage 12 is equipped with an X-axis stage 11 and a Z-axis stage 13 that is driven in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the Y-axis stage 12. A rotation drive unit 14 that has a rotation axis parallel to the movement axis of the axis stage 11 and rotates the dress gear 4 before final finishing is mounted. The dress gear manufacturing apparatus is equipped with laser light irradiation means 18 for emitting a laser.

  The laser beam irradiation means 18 includes a laser oscillator 17 such as a YAG laser, a beam expander 16, a bending mirror 15, and a lens 6. The laser beam 6 is irradiated from the laser oscillator 17, expanded by the beam expander 16, and bent. It is bent to a processing point by the mirror 15, condensed by the lens 6, and focused at the processing point. Further, a control unit 19 is provided for controlling on / off of the laser beam 6 and controlling the laser beam 6 so as to always be in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface.

Next, the operation will be described.
The control unit 19 controls the X-axis stage 11, the Y-axis stage 12, the Z-axis stage 13, and the rotation drive unit 14 to direct the laser beam 6 at a predetermined position in the tooth profile direction to the dress gear 4 (a table on which high-hardness abrasive grains are fixed. Irradiation in the tooth profile direction of (gold) and the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface. By performing linear driving of the X-axis stage 11 and rotational driving of the rotation driving unit 14 at a constant speed, the dress gear 4 is driven in the direction of the tooth trace having a helical gear shape with a constant helix angle. Scanning in the tooth trace direction and truing high-hardness abrasive grains in the tooth trace direction.

  Next, the control unit 19 drives the Y-axis stage 12 and the rotation drive unit 14 to send the dress gear 4 at a constant pitch feed in the tooth profile direction, and irradiates the laser beam 6 in the tangential direction of the tooth surface of the dress gear 4. By performing linear driving of the X-axis stage 11 and rotational driving of the rotational driving unit 14 at a constant speed, the dress gear 4 is moved in the direction of the tooth trace having a helical gear shape with a constant helix angle, whereby the laser beam 6 Truing high-hardness abrasive grains in the tooth trace direction by scanning in the tooth trace direction.

  The final finishing truing is performed by repeatedly scanning the laser beam 6 by feeding a constant pitch in the tooth profile direction and moving the dress gear 4 in the tooth trace direction to scan the entire gear tooth surface.

  With the configuration of the dressing gear manufacturing apparatus in the third embodiment, even if diamond or cBN abrasive grains having a large abrasive grain size are used, the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains after dressing using the laser beam 6 is used. The surface roughness can be made highly accurate in a short time. Further, since the diameter of the high-hardness abrasive grains can be increased, the finally finished dress gear 4 is less likely to be clogged, the wear volume is increased, and the life of the dress gear 4 is increased.

  In addition, since the final finishing is performed with a laser beam, it is not necessary to perform tooth surface grinding with high precision to create the shape of the base metal 1 and a diamond truing tool, which is a consumable item, is not required. Obtainable.

  In the third embodiment, the X-axis stage 11 has a Y-axis stage 12, the Y-axis stage 12 has a Z-axis stage 13, and the Z-axis stage 13 has a rotation drive unit 14. The mounting order can be changed in various ways, and the laser beam 6 emitted from the laser beam irradiation means 18 and the dress gear 4 may be moved relative to each other in the X, Y, and Z axis directions.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and shows a manufacturing apparatus that performs truing, which is the final finish of the dressing gear. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an operation state of the dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

  In the third embodiment, the rotational drive unit 14 that rotates the dress gear 4 is driven and controlled in the X, Y, and Z axis directions. However, in the fourth embodiment, the laser beam irradiation means 18 is moved to the X, Y, and X directions. Drive control is performed in the Z-axis direction.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a Y-axis stage 12 that moves in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis stage 11 is mounted on the X-axis stage 11 that moves in one axis direction. A Z-axis stage 13 that moves in a direction orthogonal to the moving axis of the stage 12 is mounted, and a laser beam irradiation means 18 is mounted on the Z-axis stage 13. Further, there is a fixed rotation drive unit 14 having a rotation axis parallel to the movement axis of the X-axis stage 11, and the dressing gear 4 is attached to the rotation drive unit 14. Further, a control unit 19 is provided for controlling on / off of the laser beam 6 and controlling the laser beam 6 so as to always be in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface.

Next, the operation will be described.
The control unit 19 drives the X-axis stage 11 and controls the Y-axis stage 12, the Z-axis stage 13 and the rotation driving unit 14 at a predetermined position in the X-axis direction so that the laser beam 6 is transmitted in the tooth profile direction, and The Y axis stage 12 and the rotary drive unit 14 are driven synchronously by irradiating in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface, and the laser light 6 is controlled to always be in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface.

  As shown in FIG. 8, since the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains is an involute curve, the gear tooth surface 2b with abrasive grains and the Z axis are always in a tangential positional relationship at the height of the base circle 20. Accordingly, the involute curve can be scanned by moving the linear movement 21 in the Y-axis direction and the rotational movement 22 of the rotary drive unit at a constant speed. At this time, since the laser beam 6 has a converging angle 23 of several degrees (-10 degrees), the laser beam 6 is moved from the cutting edge toward the tooth bottom so as not to be blocked by the high-hardness abrasive grains. However, in this case, the scanning speed is proportional to a linear function depending on the distance from the basic circle 20 to the laser irradiation position, and the speed is zero on the basic circle 20. In order to keep the scanning speed on the involute curve constant, the rotational speed may be changed by a value proportional to the reciprocal of the spread angle.

  Further, since the laser beam 6 has a converging angle 23 of several degrees (-10 degrees), when the basic circle 20 is large and the locality radius of the involute curve is large, the center line of the laser beam 6 is set to 0 from the tangent line. When irradiated at an angle larger by -10 degrees, the laser light 6 can be trued without being blocked by the high-hardness abrasive grains away from the focal position.

  According to the fourth embodiment, with the configuration of the dress gear manufacturing apparatus, a dress gear to which high-hardness abrasive grains such as large diamond abrasive grains are fixed can be processed with high accuracy in a short time. Moreover, since a large-sized high-hardness abrasive grain can be used, the dress gear is less likely to be clogged, and a long-life dress gear can be obtained.

  In addition, since the final finish is made with laser light, it is not necessary to perform tooth surface grinding with high precision to create the base metal shape, and there is no need for consumable diamond truing tools, so an inexpensive dress gear can be obtained. Can do.

  Further, since the involute curve can be scanned by synchronously driving the Y-axis stage 12 and the rotation driving unit 14, the shape in the tooth profile direction can be processed with high accuracy.

  In the fourth embodiment, the Y-axis stage 12 is attached to the X-axis stage 11 and the Z-axis stage 13 is attached to the Y-axis stage 12, but the attachment order can be changed variously, and laser light irradiation is performed. The relative movement of the laser beam 6 emitted from the means 18 and the dress gear 4 in the X, Y, and Z axis directions may be performed.

  For example, various combinations such as disassembling each axis stage, attaching the rotation drive unit 14 to the X-axis stage 11, and mounting the laser beam irradiation means 18 on the remaining axis stages are possible.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a dress gear manufacturing method according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and shows a manufacturing apparatus that performs truing, which is the final finish of the dress gear.

  In the fifth embodiment, a Y-axis stage 12 that moves in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis stage 11 is mounted on an X-axis stage 11 that moves in a uniaxial direction. A rotation drive unit 14 having a rotation axis parallel to the moving axis of the axis stage 11 is mounted, and the dressing gear 4 is attached to the rotation drive unit 14. Further, the laser beam irradiation means 18 is mounted on a Z-axis stage 13 that is separate from the X-axis stage 11 and the Y-axis stage 12 that moves in a direction orthogonal to the movement axes of the X-axis stage 11 and the Y-axis stage 12. .

  The laser beam irradiation means 18 includes a motor 24 and a lens 6 having a function of rotating the laser oscillator 17, the beam expander 16, the bending mirror 15, and the bending mirror 15 and changing the irradiation angle of the laser beam 6. The light 6 is irradiated from a laser oscillator 17, magnified by a beam expander 16, bent to a processing point by a bending mirror 15, condensed by a lens 6, and focused at the processing point. By driving the motor 24 and changing the irradiation angle of the laser beam 6, the focal point of the laser beam 6 is moved in parallel with the X-axis stage 11. Further, the on / off of the laser beam 6 is controlled, and the three axes of the Y-axis stage 12, the rotation drive unit 14, and the motor 24 are driven synchronously, and the irradiation of the laser beam 6 is always in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface, In addition, a control unit 19 is provided for controlling the movement of the focal point of the laser beam 6 so as to be always parallel to the movement axis of the X-axis stage 11.

Next, the operation will be described.
The control unit 19 drives the X-axis stage 11, controls the Y-axis stage 12, the Z-axis stage 13 and the rotation driving unit 14 at a predetermined position in the X-axis direction so that the laser beam 6 is in the tooth profile direction, and Irradiation is performed in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface, and the Y-axis stage 12, the rotational drive unit 14, and the motor 24 are driven synchronously to control the laser beam 6 so as to always be in the tangential direction of the tooth surface. By driving the motor 24 to move the converging point of the laser beam 6 parallel to the X-axis stage 11 and moving the rotational movement of the rotation driving unit 14 at a constant speed, the helical gear with a constant twist angle is obtained. By moving in the direction of the tooth trace, which is the shape, and scanning the laser beam 6, truing of the high-hardness abrasive grains in the tooth trace direction by the laser beam 6 is performed.

  Next, the control unit 19 drives the Y-axis stage 12 and the rotation driving unit 14 to send the laser beam 6 in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface while driving the motor 24 at a constant pitch in the tooth profile direction. By moving the laser beam 6 in a straight line parallel to the X-axis stage 11 and the rotational drive of the rotary drive unit 14, the dress gear 4 is moved in the direction of the tooth trace having a helical gear shape with a constant helix angle. By scanning, truing of high-hardness abrasive grains in the tooth trace direction by the laser beam 6 is performed.

  The final finishing truing is performed by repeatedly scanning the laser beam 6 by feeding a constant pitch in the tooth profile direction and moving the dress gear 4 in the tooth trace direction, and scanning the entire gear tooth surface with the laser beam 6.

  According to the apparatus configuration of the fifth embodiment, a dress gear to which high-hardness abrasive grains such as large diamond abrasive grains are fixed can be processed with high accuracy in a short time. Moreover, since a large-sized high-hardness abrasive grain can be used, a long-life dress gear can be obtained.

  In addition, since the final finish is made with laser light, it is not necessary to perform tooth surface grinding with high precision to create the shape of the base metal, and no consumable diamond truing tool is required, so an inexpensive dress gear can be obtained. it can.

  Further, since the irradiation direction of the laser beam 6 is controlled by simultaneously driving the three axes of the Y-axis stage 12, the rotation driving unit 14, and the motor 25, the shape in the tooth trace direction as well as the tooth profile direction can be processed with high accuracy.

  In the shaft configuration in the fifth embodiment, the Y-axis stage 12 is attached to the X-axis stage 11, but the same effect can be obtained even if the attachment order is changed. Furthermore, each axis may be disassembled and distributed to each of the rotation drive unit 14 and the laser beam irradiation means 18.

  Further, by simultaneously driving the three axes of the X-axis stage 11, the Y-axis stage 12, and the rotation drive unit 14, the shape in the tooth trace direction as well as the tooth profile direction can be processed with high accuracy as in the fifth embodiment. .

  In the first to fifth embodiments described above, the dress gear has been described. However, even if the target is a grindstone in which high-hardness abrasive grains such as diamond and cBN are fixed to a gear-shaped base metal, the surface roughness is high. The same effects as the dress gear of the present invention can be obtained, for example, accuracy can be improved.

  The dressing gear and its manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention are used effectively for extending the life of a gear-type grindstone used for high-precision finishing of gears, and for improving the precision and shaping of the gear-type grindstone. can do.

It is a perspective view which shows the base metal in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the dress gear before the final finishing by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the manufacturing method of the dress gear in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the manufacturing method of the dress gear in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a SEM photograph of the dress gear in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the dressing gear in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the dressing gear in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the operation state of the manufacturing method of the dressing gear in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the manufacturing method of the dress gear in Embodiment 5 of this invention.

1 base metal, 2a gear tooth surface, 2b gear tooth surface with abrasive grains, 3 high hardness abrasive grains,
4 Dress gear, 5 Lens, 6 Laser light, 7 Tooth trace direction, 8 Tooth profile direction,
9 Diamond abrasive surface, 10 grooves, 11 X-axis stage, 12 Y-axis stage,
13 Z-axis stage, 14 Rotation drive, 15 Bending mirror,
16 beam expander, 17 laser transmitter, 18 laser beam irradiation means,
19 control unit, 20 base circle, 21 linear movement in the Y-axis direction,
22 Rotational movement of rotary drive unit, 23 Condensing angle, 24 motor.

Claims (6)

An apparatus for manufacturing a dress gear for truing abrasive grains made of diamond or cubic boron nitride fixed to a base metal processed into substantially the same shape as a gear,
A rotation drive unit that rotationally drives the base metal to which the abrasive grains are fixed;
Laser light irradiation means for emitting laser light;
Driving means for relatively driving the laser beam and the rotation driving unit in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction;
The laser beam is always irradiated in the tooth profile direction from the top to the bottom of the gear tooth surface of the base metal and in the tangential direction of the tooth surface of the base metal, and the entire surface of the gear tooth surface of the base metal A control unit for controlling the driving means and the rotation driving unit so as to scan the laser beam
An apparatus for manufacturing a dress gear. Either the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction is a moving axis for the scanning, and the rotation axis of the rotation drive unit is parallel or orthogonal to the moving axis, and the control unit has the X-axis direction, By controlling the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction and the rotational position of the rotational drive unit, the laser beam irradiation is controlled to be in the tangential direction of the gear tooth surface of the base metal, and the movement The laser beam is scanned by the drive control of the shaft and the rotation control of the rotation drive unit, and the position control in the axial direction that is not the moving axis for the scanning in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction and the rotation drive unit 2. The dress gear manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the scanning position is moved at a constant pitch by rotation control. The rotation axis of the rotation drive unit is parallel to the movement axis, and the control unit scans the laser beam by performing movement control of the movement axis and rotation control of the rotation position of the rotation drive unit. The dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein: The rotation axis of the rotation drive unit is orthogonal to the movement axis, and the control unit scans the laser beam by performing drive control of the movement axis and rotation control of the rotation position of the rotation drive unit. The dressing gear manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2 . The laser beam is scanned by performing position control in the axial direction that is not the moving axis in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction, as well as driving control of the moving axis and rotation control of the rotational position of the rotary drive unit. The dress gear manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, Apparatus for producing Doresugia according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a function of controlling the position of the focal point of the laser beam by changing the irradiation angle of the laser beam.

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