JP4670379B2 - Polymerizable liquid crystal compound, liquid crystal composition, optically anisotropic material, and optical element - Google Patents
Polymerizable liquid crystal compound, liquid crystal composition, optically anisotropic material, and optical element Download PDFInfo
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- JP4670379B2 JP4670379B2 JP2005032137A JP2005032137A JP4670379B2 JP 4670379 B2 JP4670379 B2 JP 4670379B2 JP 2005032137 A JP2005032137 A JP 2005032137A JP 2005032137 A JP2005032137 A JP 2005032137A JP 4670379 B2 JP4670379 B2 JP 4670379B2
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 155
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
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Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Description
本発明は、新規な重合性液晶化合物、該液晶化合物を含む液晶組成物、および該液晶組成物を重合させてなる光学異方性材料、ならびに光学素子に関する。 The present invention relates to a novel polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound, an optically anisotropic material obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal composition, and an optical element.
近年、光ディスクの大容量化を図るため、情報の書き込み、読み取りに使用されるレーザー光の短波長化が進んでいる。現在、ＣＤでは波長７８０ｎｍ、ＤＶＤでは波長６６０ｎｍのレーザー光が使用されているが、次世代光記録メディアでは、波長３００〜４５０ｎｍのレーザー光の使用が検討されている。これに伴い、波長３００〜４５０ｎｍのレーザー光（以下、青色レーザー光とも記す。）を変調する回折素子、位相板等の光学素子が必要となり、該波長帯のレーザー光に対応できる光学異方性材料が求められている。
一方、重合性官能基を有する液晶分子は、重合性モノマーとしての性質と液晶としての性質とを併有する。したがって、重合性官能基を有する液晶分子を配向させた後に重合反応を行うと、液晶分子の配向が固定された光学異方性材料が得られる。光学異方性材料は、メソゲン骨格に由来する屈折率異方性等の光学異方性を有し、該性質を利用して回折素子、位相板等に応用されている。
In recent years, in order to increase the capacity of optical disks, the wavelength of laser light used for writing and reading information has been shortened. Currently, laser light with a wavelength of 780 nm is used for CDs, and laser light with a wavelength of 660 nm is used for DVDs, but the use of laser light with a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm is being studied for next-generation optical recording media. Accordingly, an optical element such as a diffraction element and a phase plate that modulates laser light with a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm (hereinafter also referred to as blue laser light) is required, and optical anisotropy that can cope with laser light in the wavelength band. There is a need for materials.
On the other hand, a liquid crystal molecule having a polymerizable functional group has both a property as a polymerizable monomer and a property as a liquid crystal. Therefore, when a polymerization reaction is performed after aligning liquid crystal molecules having a polymerizable functional group, an optically anisotropic material in which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is fixed is obtained. An optically anisotropic material has optical anisotropy such as refractive index anisotropy derived from a mesogen skeleton, and is applied to a diffraction element, a phase plate, and the like by utilizing this property.
このような光学異方性材料としては、たとえば、下式（２）で表される化合物（ただし、式中のＱは、１，４−フェニレン基またはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基であり、Ｚはアルキル基である。）を含む液晶組成物を重合させてなる高分子液晶が報告されている（特許文献１参照。）。
また、一般に、回折素子や位相板用の光学異方性材料に求められる特性としては、以下の特性が挙げられる。
（１）光の吸収が少ないこと。
（２）面内光学特性（リタデーション値等）が均一なこと。
（３）素子を構成する他の材料と光学特性を合わせやすいこと。
（４）屈折率の波長分散が小さいこと。
（５）耐久性が良好なこと。
In general, the characteristics required for optically anisotropic materials for diffraction elements and phase plates include the following characteristics.
(1) Less light absorption.
(2) In-plane optical characteristics (retardation value, etc.) are uniform.
(3) It is easy to match optical characteristics with other materials constituting the element.
(4) The wavelength dispersion of the refractive index is small.
(5) Good durability.
しかし、特許文献１に記載された高分子液晶等の、従来から知られた材料は、青色レーザー光に対する耐久性が不充分である問題があった。
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、光学異方性材料に要求される特性を満たし、かつ青色レーザー光に対する耐久性が高い新規な重合性液晶化合物、該液晶化合物を含む重合性液晶組成物、該液晶組成物を重合してなる光学異方性材料、ならびに光学素子を提供する。すなわち、本発明は以下の発明を提供する。
However, conventionally known materials such as the polymer liquid crystal described in Patent Document 1 have a problem that the durability against blue laser light is insufficient.
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a novel polymerizable liquid crystal compound that satisfies the characteristics required for an optically anisotropic material and has high durability against blue laser light, and the liquid crystal A polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a compound, an optically anisotropic material obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal composition, and an optical element are provided. That is, the present invention provides the following inventions.
第一の本発明は、下式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物、である。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ1−ＣＯＯ−（Ｌ）n−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］p−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］q−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2・・・（１）
ただし、式中の記号は以下の意味を示す。
Ｒ1：水素原子またはメチル基。
Ｒ2：炭素数１〜８のアルキル基。
Ｌ：１，４−フェニレン基、またはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基。ただし、前記の１，４−フェニレン基およびトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基は、該基中の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子またはメチル基で置換されていてもよい。
ｎ：１。
ｐ、ｑ：０または１。ただし、ｐが０の場合のｑは１であり、ｐが１の場合のｑは０である。
The first aspect of the present invention is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (1).
CH 2 = CR 1 -COO- (L ) n -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] p -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] q -Cy-R 2 ··· (1)
However, the symbols in the formulas have the following meanings.
R 1 : a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
R 2 : an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
L: 1,4-phenylene group or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group . However, in the 1,4-phenylene group and the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a hydrogen atom in the group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group.
n: 1 .
p, q: 0 or 1. However, q is 1 when p is 0, and q is 0 when p is 1.
第二の本発明は、前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物から選ばれる２種以上の化合物を含むか、または、前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物の１種以上と前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物以外の重合性液晶化合物の１種以上とを含むことを特徴とする重合性液晶組成物、である。 2nd this invention contains 2 or more types of compounds chosen from the polymeric liquid crystal compound represented by said Formula (1), or 1 type of the polymeric liquid crystal compound represented by said Formula (1). A polymerizable liquid crystal composition comprising the above and at least one polymerizable liquid crystal compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1).
第二の本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物と前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物以外の重合性液晶化合物との合計含有量が、液晶組成物に対して９０質量％以上であることが好ましい。 The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the second aspect of the present invention includes the total content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1). The amount is preferably 90% by mass or more based on the liquid crystal composition.
また、第二の本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、液晶組成物中の全重合性液晶化合物に対する前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物の割合が２０モル％以上であることが好ましい。 In the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the second aspect of the invention, the ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) to the total polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition is 20 mol% or more. preferable.
第三の本発明は、前記のいずれかの重合性液晶組成物を、該液晶組成物が液晶相を示す状態で、かつ液晶が配向した状態で重合させてなる光学異方性材料、である。 A third aspect of the present invention is an optically anisotropic material obtained by polymerizing any of the above polymerizable liquid crystal compositions in a state where the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase and in a state where the liquid crystals are aligned. .
第三の本発明の光学異方性材料は、波長３００〜４５０ｎｍのレーザー光を透過させて使用する光学異方性材料であることが好ましい。 The optically anisotropic material of the third aspect of the present invention is preferably an optically anisotropic material used by transmitting laser light having a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm.
第四の本発明は、前記のいずれかの重合性液晶組成物を、１対の支持体間に挟持し、該液晶組成物が液晶相を示す状態で、かつ液晶が配向した状態で重合させてなる光学素子、である。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, any one of the above polymerizable liquid crystal compositions is sandwiched between a pair of supports and polymerized in a state where the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase and the liquid crystal is aligned. An optical element.
第四の本発明の光学素子は、波長３００〜４５０ｎｍのレーザー光を透過させて使用する光学素子であることが好ましい。 The optical element of the fourth aspect of the present invention is preferably an optical element used by transmitting laser light having a wavelength of 300 to 450 nm.
本発明によれば、新規な重合性液晶化合物、該液晶化合物を含む液晶組成物、該液晶組成物を重合させてなる光学異方性材料、および光学素子が得られる。該光学異方性材料、および光学素子は、青色レーザー光に対する耐久性に優れる。 According to the present invention, a novel polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound, an optically anisotropic material obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal composition, and an optical element can be obtained. The optically anisotropic material and the optical element are excellent in durability against blue laser light.
本明細書においては、式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物を化合物（１）とも記す。他の化合物についても同様に記す。また、液晶性と重合性とを併有する化合物を、以下、「重合性液晶」という。「Ｐｈ」は１，４−フェニレン基を示し、「Ｃｙ」はトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基を示し、これらの基中の炭素原子に結合した水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、またはメチル基に置換されていてもよい。なお、環基が１，４−シクロヘキシレン基である場合、１位および４位の結合手はトランスの位置にある。
また、屈折率異方性を「Δｎ」と略記する。なお、以下における波長の記載は、一点の値で記載されていても、記載値±２ｎｍの範囲にあることを意味する。
In this specification, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) is also referred to as a compound (1). The same applies to other compounds. A compound having both liquid crystallinity and polymerizability is hereinafter referred to as “polymerizable liquid crystal”. “Ph” represents a 1,4-phenylene group, “Cy” represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, and a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in these groups is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or It may be substituted with a methyl group. When the ring group is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, the 1- and 4-position bonds are in the trans position.
The refractive index anisotropy is abbreviated as “Δn”. In addition, the description of the wavelength in the following means that it exists in the range of description value +/- 2nm even if it describes with the value of one point.
本発明の化合物は、下式（１）で表される化合物である。この化合物（１）は、重合性と液晶性とを併有し、重合性液晶の一種である。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ1−ＣＯＯ−（Ｌ）n−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］p−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］q−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2・・・（１）
Ｒ1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、水素原子が好ましい。Ｒ1が水素原子である場合、後述する化合物（１）を含む液晶組成物を光重合させて光学異方性材料および光学素子を得る際に、重合反応が速やかに進行するので好ましい。また、光重合反応によって得られる光学異方性材料および光学素子の特性が外部環境（温度等）の影響を受けにくく、リタデーションの面内分布が小さい利点もある。
The compound of the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (1). This compound (1) has both polymerizability and liquid crystallinity, and is a kind of polymerizable liquid crystal.
CH 2 = CR 1 -COO- (L ) n -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] p -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] q -Cy-R 2 ··· (1)
R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom. When R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a polymerization reaction proceeds rapidly when a liquid crystal composition containing the compound (1) described later is photopolymerized to obtain an optically anisotropic material and an optical element, which is preferable. In addition, the characteristics of the optically anisotropic material and optical element obtained by the photopolymerization reaction are not easily affected by the external environment (temperature, etc.), and there is an advantage that the in-plane distribution of retardation is small.
Ｒ2は炭素数１〜８のアルキル基である。このことによって化合物（１）を含む液晶組成物の結晶−ネマチック相転移点を低くすることができる。Ｒ2は、炭素数２〜６の該基が好ましい。また、化合物（１）が液晶性を示す温度範囲を広くできることから、Ｒ2は直鎖構造であることが好ましい。
Ｌは１，４−フェニレン基、またはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基である。
Ｌは１，４−フェニレン基であることが好ましい。
ｎは１である。
ｐおよびｑは、０または１であり、ｐが０の場合のｑは１であり、ｐが１の場合のｑは０である。
R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. As a result, the crystal-nematic phase transition point of the liquid crystal composition containing the compound (1) can be lowered. R 2 is preferably a group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Moreover, since the temperature range in which the compound (1) exhibits liquid crystallinity can be widened, R 2 preferably has a linear structure.
L is 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group.
L is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group.
n is 1 .
p and q are 0 or 1, q is 1 when p is 0, and q is 0 when p is 1.
該Ｌの種類により、化合物（１）は下記の特性を有する。
Ｌの種類により、以下の特性を示す。すなわち、
(１)Ｌが１，４−フェニレン基の場合は、化合物（１）のΔｎ値を大きくできる。
(２)Ｌがトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基の場合は、化合物（１）の青色レーザー光の吸収を小さくできる。
Depending on the type of L, compound (1) has the following properties.
Depending on the type of L , the following characteristics are shown. That is,
( 1 ) When L is a 1,4-phenylene group, the Δn value of the compound (1) can be increased.
( 2 ) When L is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, the absorption of the blue laser light of the compound (1) can be reduced.
ｐ＝１，ｑ＝０の場合の−Ｐｈ−（ＣＨ2）2−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2 と、ｐ＝０，ｑ＝１の場合の−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−（ＣＨ2）2−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2 とを比べたとき、前者の方が青色レーザー光に対する耐久性が高く、他の重合性液晶との相溶性が良く、後者の方がΔｎ値が大きくなる。 p = 1, q = 0 and -Ph- (CH 2) 2 -Ph- Cy-R 2 in the case of, p = 0, q = -Ph -Ph- (CH 2) in the case of 1 2 -Cy- When compared with R 2 , the former has higher durability against blue laser light, better compatibility with other polymerizable liquid crystals, and the latter has a larger Δn value.
化合物（１）としては、下記化合物（１Ａ）が好ましい。ただし、下式中の記号は前記と同じ意味を示す。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ1−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−（ＣＨ2）2−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2・・・（１Ａ）
As the compound (1), the following compound (1A) is not preferred. However, the symbols in the following formulas have the same meaning as described above.
CH 2 = CR 1 -COO-Ph -Ph- (CH 2) 2 -Ph-Cy-R 2 ··· (1A)
より具体的には下記化合物が好ましく、下記化合物（１Ａａ）が特に好ましい。ただし、下記の式中のＰｈおよびＣｙは前記と同じ意味を示し、Ｐｈが非置換の１，４−フェニレン基であり、かつＣｙが非置換のトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基であることが好ましい。ｒは１〜８の整数であり、２〜６の整数であることが好ましい。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−（ＣＨ2）2−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−（ＣＨ2）rＨ・・・（１Ａａ）
ＣＨ2＝Ｃ（ＣＨ3）−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−（ＣＨ2）2−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−（ＣＨ2）rＨ・・・（１Ａｂ）
The following compounds are preferred and more specifically, the following compounds (1Aa) is not particularly preferred. However, Ph and Cy in the following formulas have the same meaning as described above, Ph is an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group, and Cy is an unsubstituted trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. Is preferred. r is an integer of 1 to 8, preferably an integer of 2 to 6.
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -Ph- (CH 2) 2 -Ph-Cy- (CH 2) r H ··· (1Aa)
CH 2 = C (CH 3) -COO-Ph-Ph- (CH 2) 2 -Ph-Cy- (CH 2) r H ··· (1Ab)
本発明の化合物（１Ａ）は、以下に示す方法１によって合成される。すなわち、下記化合物（Ａ）の水酸基を保護して下記化合物（Ｂ）を得る。一方、下記化合物（Ｃ）と式（Ｒ20）3−Ｓｉ−Ｃ≡ＣＨで表される化合物とを反応させて下記化合物（Ｄ）を得る。つぎに該化合物（Ｄ）を下記化合物（Ｅ）に変換したのち、該化合物（Ｅ）と前記化合物（Ｂ）とを遷移金属錯体触媒を用いてカップリング反応させることによって下記化合物（Ｆ）を得る。該化合物（Ｆ）の炭素−炭素三重結合部分を還元することによって、下記化合物（Ｇ）を得る。該化合物（Ｇ）の保護された水酸基を脱保護することによって下記化合物（Ｈ）を得、さらに該化合物（Ｈ）と式ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ1−Ｃ（Ｏ）Ｃｌで表される化合物とを反応させて化合物（１Ａ）を得る。 Compound (1A) of the present invention is synthesized by Method 1 shown below. That is, the following compound (B) is obtained by protecting the hydroxyl group of the following compound (A). On the other hand, the following compound (D) is obtained by reacting the following compound (C) with a compound represented by the formula (R 20 ) 3 —Si—C≡CH. Next, after converting the compound (D) into the following compound (E), the compound (E) and the compound (B) are subjected to a coupling reaction using a transition metal complex catalyst to thereby convert the following compound (F). obtain. The following compound (G) is obtained by reducing the carbon-carbon triple bond portion of the compound (F). The following compound (H) is obtained by deprotecting the protected hydroxyl group of the compound (G), and further, the compound (H) and a compound represented by the formula CH 2 ═CR 1 —C (O) Cl are obtained. Reaction is performed to obtain compound (1A).
上記の化合物（１Ａ）を得るまでの合成経路１を図示する。
式中のＸ１およびＸ２はハロゲン原子を、Ｐ１は水酸基の保護基を、Ｒ20 はアルキル基を示し、その他の記号は前記と同じ意味を示す。
Ｘ１およびＸ２は、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、または塩素原子であることが好ましい。Ｐ１は、水酸基の保護に用いられる保護基であれば特に制限されず、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルジメチルシリル基、トリメチルシリル基、トリエチルシリル基等のトリアルキルシリル基が好ましい。Ｒ20 はメチル基、エチル基等の低級アルキル基であることが好ましい。
The synthesis route 1 to obtain the above compound (1A) is illustrated.
In the formula, X 1 and X 2 represent a halogen atom, P 1 represents a hydroxyl-protecting group, R 20 represents an alkyl group, and other symbols have the same meaning as described above.
X 1 and X 2 are preferably an iodine atom, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom. P 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a protecting group used for protecting a hydroxyl group, and is preferably a trialkylsilyl group such as a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, or a triethylsilyl group. R 20 is preferably a lower alkyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group.
化合物（Ｂ）と化合物（Ｅ）とのカップリング反応に用いる遷移金属錯体触媒は、ＰｄＣｌ2［Ｐ（Ｃ6Ｈ5）3］2、Ｐｄ［Ｐ（Ｃ6Ｈ5）3］4等のパラジウム錯体触媒が好ましい。また、必要に応じてヨウ化銅、臭化銅等の銅塩を助触媒として併用できる。溶媒としては、２級アミン、３級アミン、アミド類が使用でき、具体的にはピペリジン、ピペラジン、モルホリン、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。 The transition metal complex catalyst used for the coupling reaction between the compound (B) and the compound (E) is PdCl 2 [P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 , Pd [P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 4 or the like. Palladium complex catalysts are preferred. Moreover, copper salts, such as copper iodide and a copper bromide, can be used together as a promoter as needed. As the solvent, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides can be used. Specific examples include piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, pyridine, triethylamine, dimethylformamide, and the like.
本発明の化合物（１）は、環基を４個含むことによって青色レーザー光に対する耐久性が高い。アクリロイル基またはメタクリロイル基にＰｈが直結している場合は、化合物（１）の剛性が高くなって、耐久性が上がると考えられる。
また、２個のＰｈと１個のＣｙとを必ず含むことにより、Δｎ値を大きくしつつ、光の透過率を高くでき、結晶−ネマチック相転移点を低くでき、他の重合性液晶との相溶性を良好にできる。さらに、Ｃｙを少なくとも１個有すること、および、−Ｐｈ−ＣＯ−構造を含まないこと、により、青色レーザー光の吸収が小さい。
The compound (1) of the present invention has high durability against blue laser light by including four ring groups. When Ph is directly bonded to an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, it is considered that the rigidity of the compound (1) increases and the durability increases.
In addition, by necessarily including two Ph and one Cy, the light transmittance can be increased while the Δn value is increased, the crystal-nematic phase transition point can be lowered, and the other polymerizable liquid crystal can be reduced. Compatibility can be improved. Furthermore, the absorption of blue laser light is small by having at least one Cy and not including the -Ph-CO- structure.
−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］p−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］q−Ｃｙ−構造については、３個の環基のうちの２個が−ＣＨ2ＣＨ2−によって連結していることにより、Δｎ値の低下を抑制しつつ、結晶−ネマチック相転移点を低くできる。この構造のうち、ｐ＝０、ｑ＝１の場合、すなわち、−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−ＣＨ2ＣＨ2−Ｃｙ−構造を有する場合は、Δｎ値を高くできる。ｐ＝１、ｑ＝０の場合、すなわち、−Ｐｈ−ＣＨ2ＣＨ2−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−構造を有する場合は、共役が不連続になっていることにより、青色レーザー光の吸収を抑制し、レーザー光に対する耐久性の向上に寄与していると考えられる。
したがって、化合物（１）を用いることにより、青色レーザー光に対して充分な耐久性を有し、位相差等の特性にも優れる光学異方性材料および光学素子を提供できる。
- Ph - [(CH 2) 2] p -Ph - For [(CH 2) 2] q -Cy- structure, three two of the ring group -CH 2 CH 2 - linked by As a result, the crystal-nematic phase transition point can be lowered while suppressing a decrease in the Δn value. Of this structure, in the case of p = 0, q = 1, i.e., when having -Ph-Ph-CH 2 CH 2 -Cy- structure, can increase the Δn value. For p = 1, q = 0, i.e., when having -Ph-CH 2 CH 2 -Ph- Cy- structure, by conjugation is discontinuous, to suppress the absorption of blue laser light, It is thought that it contributes to the improvement of durability against laser light.
Therefore, by using the compound (1), it is possible to provide an optically anisotropic material and an optical element that have sufficient durability against blue laser light and are excellent in properties such as retardation.
本発明の化合物（１）は、高分子液晶を得るための液晶組成物の一成分として使用されることが好ましい。この場合、本発明の化合物（１）は、単独で充分広い液晶温度範囲を有し、特に液晶相を示す温度範囲が高温側に広い特徴を有する。高分子液晶を得るための液晶組成物が低温側においても液晶性を示すように、この液晶組成物は化合物（１）から選ばれる２種以上の化合物を含む液晶組成物、または化合物（１）と化合物（１）以外の重合性液晶とを含む液晶組成物であることが好ましい。このような液晶組成物とすることによって、液晶相を示す温度範囲をより広くできる。また、融点（Ｔm）降下が生じるため、その取り扱いが容易になる。 The compound (1) of the present invention is preferably used as one component of a liquid crystal composition for obtaining a polymer liquid crystal. In this case, the compound (1) of the present invention alone has a sufficiently wide liquid crystal temperature range, and particularly has a characteristic that the temperature range showing a liquid crystal phase is wide on the high temperature side. The liquid crystal composition containing two or more compounds selected from the compound (1) or the compound (1) so that the liquid crystal composition for obtaining the polymer liquid crystal exhibits liquid crystallinity even at a low temperature side. And a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal other than the compound (1). By setting it as such a liquid crystal composition, the temperature range which shows a liquid crystal phase can be made wider. Further, since the melting point (T m ) is lowered, the handling becomes easy.
液晶組成物が、化合物（１）から選ばれる２種以上の化合物を含む場合、該２種以上の化合物（１）の相溶性を良好にするためには、Ｒ2部分以外は同一構造であり、Ｒ2 部分の炭素数が異なる化合物の２種以上を含むことが好ましい。具体的には、Ｒ2が炭素数２〜４の直鎖アルキル基である化合物から選ばれる少なくとも１種と、Ｒ2が炭素数５〜８の直鎖アルキル基である化合物から選ばれる少なくとも１種とを含有することが好ましく、Ｒ2がｎ−プロピル基である化合物と、Ｒ2がｎ−ペンチル基である化合物とを含有することが特に好ましい。 When the liquid crystal composition contains two or more compounds selected from the compound (1), the two or more compounds (1) have the same structure except for the R 2 portion in order to improve the compatibility of the two or more compounds (1). It is preferable that two or more compounds having different carbon numbers in the R 2 moiety are included. Specifically, at least one R 2 is selected from the compounds which are straight chain alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, at least R 2 is selected from compounds which are straight chain alkyl groups of 5-8 carbon atoms 1 It is preferable to contain a seed, and it is particularly preferable to contain a compound in which R 2 is an n-propyl group and a compound in which R 2 is an n-pentyl group.
液晶組成物が、化合物（１）と化合物（１）以外の重合性液晶とを含む場合、化合物（１）以外の重合性液晶としては、アクリロイル基またはメタクリロイル基を有する化合物が好ましく、アクリロイル基を有する化合物が特に好ましい。また、この重合性液晶としては、青色レーザー光に対する耐久性が高いことが好ましいことより、そのメソゲン構造中に、−Ｐｈ−ＣＯ−構造を含まないことが好ましい。 When the liquid crystal composition includes a compound (1) and a polymerizable liquid crystal other than the compound (1), the polymerizable liquid crystal other than the compound (1) is preferably a compound having an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, and has an acryloyl group. The compound having is particularly preferred. Further, the polymerizable liquid crystal preferably has high durability against blue laser light, and therefore it is preferable that the mesogenic structure does not contain a -Ph-CO- structure.
化合物（１）以外の重合性液晶としては、下式（３Ａ）〜下式（３Ｉ）で表される化合物が好ましい。以下、これらを総称して化合物（３）ともいう。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ3−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−ＯＣＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｚ2−Ｒ4・・・（３Ａ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ5−ＣＯＯ−Ｚ3−Ｚ4−Ｒ6・・・（３Ｂ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ7−ＣＯＯ−（ＣＨ2）s−Ｏ−Ｐｈ−Ｚ5−Ｒ8・・・（３Ｃ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ9−ＣＯＯ−Ｚ6−Ｚ7−Ｚ8−Ｒ10・・・（３Ｄ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ11−ＣＯＯ−（ＣＨ2）t−Ｏ−Ｐｈ−Ｚ9−Ｚ10−Ｚ11−Ｒ12・・・（３Ｅ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ13−ＣＯＯ−Ｚ12−Ｃｙ−Ｙ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ14・・・（３Ｆ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ15−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｙ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ16・・・（３Ｇ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ17−ＣＯＯ−Ｚ13−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ18・・・（３Ｈ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ19−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｚ14−Ｚ15−Ｒ20・・・（３Ｉ）
As the polymerizable liquid crystal other than the compound (1), compounds represented by the following formula (3A) to the following formula (3I) are preferable. Hereinafter, these are also collectively referred to as a compound (3).
CH 2 = CR 3 -COO-Ph -OCO-Cy-Z 2 -R 4 ··· (3A)
CH 2 = CR 5 -COO-Z 3 -Z 4 -R 6 ··· (3B)
CH 2 = CR 7 -COO- (CH 2) s -O-Ph-Z 5 -R 8 ··· (3C)
CH 2 = CR 9 -COO-Z 6 -Z 7 -Z 8 -R 10 ··· (3D)
CH 2 = CR 11 -COO- (CH 2) t -O-Ph-Z 9 -Z 10 -Z 11 -R 12 ··· (3E)
CH 2 = CR 13 -COO-Z 12 -Cy-Y-Cy-Ph-R 14 ··· (3F)
CH 2 = CR 15 -COO-Cy -Y-Cy-Ph-R 16 ··· (3G)
CH 2 = CR 17 -COO-Z 13 -Ph-C≡C-Ph-Cy-R 18 ··· (3H)
CH 2 = CR 19 -COO-Ph -C≡C-Ph-Z 14 -Z 15 -R 20 ··· (3I)
ただし、式中のＰｈおよびＣｙは前記と同じ意味を示し、その他の記号は以下の意味を示す。
Ｒ3、Ｒ5、Ｒ7、Ｒ9、Ｒ11、Ｒ13、Ｒ15、Ｒ17、Ｒ19：それぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基。
Ｒ4、Ｒ6、Ｒ8、Ｒ10、Ｒ12、Ｒ14、Ｒ16、Ｒ18、Ｒ20：それぞれ独立に炭素数１〜８のアルキル基。
Ｚ2〜Ｚ13：それぞれ独立に１，４−フェニレン基またはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基。ただし、Ｚ6〜Ｚ8 の少なくとも一つはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基である。Ｚ9〜Ｚ11 の少なくとも一つはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基であり、Ｚ9 とＺ10は同時に１，４−フェニレン基にならない。
Ｚ14、Ｚ15：１，４−フェニレン基またはトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基であり、Ｚ14が１，４−フェニレン基である場合のＺ１５はトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基であり、Ｚ14がトランス−１，４−シクロヘキシレン基である場合のＺ15は１，４−フェニレン基である。
Ｙ：−ＣＯＯ−または−ＯＣＯ−。
ｓ、ｔ：それぞれ独立に１〜８の整数。
However, Ph and Cy in a formula show the same meaning as the above, and other symbols show the following meanings.
R 3 , R 5 , R 7 , R 9 , R 11 , R 13 , R 15 , R 17 , R 19 : each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
R 4 , R 6 , R 8 , R 10 , R 12 , R 14 , R 16 , R 18 , R 20 : each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
Z 2 to Z 13 : each independently 1,4-phenylene group or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. However, at least one of Z 6 to Z 8 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. At least one of Z 9 to Z 11 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, and Z 9 and Z 10 do not simultaneously become a 1,4-phenylene group.
Z 14 , Z 15 : 1,4-phenylene group or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, and Z 15 when Z 14 is a 1,4-phenylene group is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group And Z 15 is a 1,4-phenylene group when Z 14 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group.
Y: -COO- or -OCO-.
s, t: each independently an integer of 1-8.
前記化合物（３Ａ）〜化合物（３Ｉ）の具体例としては、下記化合物が挙げられる。
ただし、式中の記号は前記と同じ意味を示す。Ｒ4、Ｒ6、Ｒ8、Ｒ10、Ｒ12、Ｒ14、Ｒ16、Ｒ18、Ｒ20としては、直鎖構造であることが好ましい。
これらの化合物は１種または２種以上を用いることができる。
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−ＯＣＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ4・・・（３Ａａ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−ＯＣＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ4・・・（３Ａｂ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ6・・・（３Ｂｃ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ6・・・（３Ｂｄ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ6・・・（３Ｂｅ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−（ＣＨ2）n−Ｏ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ8・・・（３Ｃｆ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−（ＣＨ2）n−Ｏ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ8・・・（３Ｃｇ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ10・・・（３Ｄｈ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ10・・・（３Ｄｊ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−（ＣＨ2）n−Ｏ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ12・・・（３Ｅｋ）
Specific examples of the compound (3A) to the compound (3I) include the following compounds.
However, the symbols in the formula have the same meaning as described above. R 4 , R 6 , R 8 , R 10 , R 12 , R 14 , R 16 , R 18 , R 20 are preferably linear structures.
These compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -OCO-Cy-Ph-R 4 ··· (3Aa)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -OCO-Cy-Cy-R 4 ··· (3Ab)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Cy -Cy-R 6 ··· (3Bc)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -Cy-R 6 ··· (3Bd)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -Ph-R 6 ··· (3Be)
CH 2 = CH-COO- (CH 2) n -O-Ph-Cy-R 8 ··· (3Cf)
CH 2 = CH-COO- (CH 2) n -O-Ph-Ph-R 8 ··· (3Cg)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -Ph-Cy-R 10 ··· (3Dh)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Ph -Cy-Ph-R 10 ··· (3Dj)
CH 2 = CH-COO- (CH 2) n -O-Ph-Ph-Cy-Ph-R 12 ··· (3Ek)
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ13−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ14・・・（３Ｆｍ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ13−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−ＯＣＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ14・・・（３Ｆｎ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ16・・・（３Ｇｐ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＨ−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−ＯＣＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ16・・・（３Ｇｑ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ17−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ18・・・（３Ｈｒ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ17−ＣＯＯ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ18・・・（３Ｈｓ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ19−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｒ20・・・（３Ｉｔ）
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ19−ＣＯＯ−Ｐｈ−Ｃ≡Ｃ−Ｐｈ−Ｃｙ−Ｐｈ−Ｒ20・・・（３Ｉｕ）
CH 2 = CR 13 -COO-Ph -Cy-COO-Cy-Ph-R 14 ··· (3Fm)
CH 2 = CR 13 -COO-Ph -Cy-OCO-Cy-Ph-R 14 ··· (3Fn)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Cy -COO-Cy-Ph-R 16 ··· (3Gp)
CH 2 = CH-COO-Cy -OCO-Cy-Ph-R 16 ··· (3Gq)
CH 2 = CR 17 -COO-Ph -Ph-C≡C-Ph-Cy-R 18 ··· (3Hr)
CH 2 = CR 17 -COO-Cy -Ph-C≡C-Ph-Cy-R 18 ··· (3Hs)
CH 2 = CR 19 -COO-Ph -C≡C-Ph-Ph-Cy-R 20 ··· (3It)
CH 2 ═CR 19 —COO—Ph—C≡C—Ph—Cy—Ph—R 20 (3Iu)
液晶組成物を調製する場合の好ましい組み合わせは、化合物（１）の種類に応じて適宜選択され、たとえば、本発明の化合物（１）と前記化合物（３Ｂｃ）とを含む液晶組成物が好ましい。
高分子液晶を製造するための液晶組成物は、重合性液晶を７５質量％以上含む液晶組成物であり、９０質量％以上含む液晶組成物が好ましい。この液晶組成物は、非液晶性の重合性化合物や非重合性の液晶化合物を含んでもよい。液晶組成物は、非液晶性重合性化合物や非重合性液晶化合物を実質的に含まず、重合性液晶を９０質量％以上、特に９５質量％以上含む液晶組成物が好ましい。本発明において、高分子液晶を製造するための液晶組成物は、液晶組成物中の全重合性液晶に対して化合物（１）を少なくとも５質量％含む液晶組成物が好ましい。
A preferable combination in preparing the liquid crystal composition is appropriately selected according to the type of the compound (1), and for example, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound (1) of the present invention and the compound (3Bc) is preferable.
The liquid crystal composition for producing the polymer liquid crystal is a liquid crystal composition containing 75% by mass or more of polymerizable liquid crystal, and preferably a liquid crystal composition containing 90% by mass or more. This liquid crystal composition may contain a non-liquid crystalline polymerizable compound or a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The liquid crystal composition is preferably a liquid crystal composition which is substantially free of non-liquid crystalline polymerizable compound or non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound and contains 90% by mass or more, particularly 95% by mass or more of polymerizable liquid crystal. In the present invention, the liquid crystal composition for producing the polymer liquid crystal is preferably a liquid crystal composition containing at least 5% by mass of the compound (1) with respect to the total polymerizable liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition.
本発明において高分子液晶を製造するために適した液晶組成物は、前記のように化合物（１）の２種以上を含有する液晶組成物、および、化合物（１）の１種以上と化合物（３）の１種以上とを含有する液晶組成物である。これらの液晶組成物における化合物（１）と化合物（３）の合計量は、液晶組成物中の全重合性液晶に対して５０〜１００質量％であることが好ましく、８０〜１００質量％であることが特に好ましい。さらに、液晶組成物中の重合性液晶が実質的に化合物（１）のみからなるか、化合物（１）と化合物（３）のみからなる液晶組成物がとりわけ好ましい。化合物（１）と化合物（３）とが併用される場合は、両者の合計量に対する化合物（１）の割合は２０モル％以上であることが好ましい。特に液晶相を示す温度範囲を拡げること等を目的として化合物（３）を併用する場合、その効果をより発揮させるためには両者の合計に対する化合物（１）の割合は２０〜９０モル％が好ましい。 In the present invention, a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a polymer liquid crystal includes a liquid crystal composition containing two or more compounds (1) as described above, and one or more compounds (1) and a compound (1). It is a liquid crystal composition containing 1 or more types of 3). The total amount of the compound (1) and the compound (3) in these liquid crystal compositions is preferably 50 to 100% by mass, and 80 to 100% by mass with respect to the total polymerizable liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition. It is particularly preferred. Furthermore, a liquid crystal composition in which the polymerizable liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition is substantially composed only of the compound (1) or only composed of the compound (1) and the compound (3) is particularly preferable. When compound (1) and compound (3) are used in combination, the ratio of compound (1) to the total amount of both is preferably 20 mol% or more. In particular, when the compound (3) is used in combination for the purpose of expanding the temperature range showing the liquid crystal phase, the ratio of the compound (1) to the total of both is preferably 20 to 90 mol% in order to exhibit the effect. .
また、本発明の液晶組成物は、化合物（１）および化合物（３）等の重合性液晶以外の成分（以下、他の成分と記す。）を含んでいてもよい。他の成分としては、重合開始剤、カイラル剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、二色性色素等が挙げられる。 In addition, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain components other than the polymerizable liquid crystal such as the compound (1) and the compound (3) (hereinafter referred to as other components). Examples of other components include a polymerization initiator, a chiral agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, and a dichroic dye.
液晶組成物に含まれる化合物（１）および化合物（３）等の重合性液晶の総量（以下、「液晶の総量」と記す。）、および、他の成分の割合は用途によって調整することが好ましい。たとえば、他の成分としてカイラル剤を使用する場合、液晶の総量は、液晶組成物に対して２０〜９５質量％が好ましく、５０〜９５質量％が特に好ましい。カイラル剤の量は、液晶組成物に対して５〜８０質量％が好ましく、５〜５０質量％が特に好ましい。
他の成分として二色性色素を使用する場合、液晶の総量は、液晶組成物に対して８０〜９９質量％が好ましく、８２〜９７質量％が特に好ましい。二色性色素の量は、液晶組成物に対して１〜２０質量％が好ましく、３〜１８質量％が特に好ましい。
他の成分として、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤等を使用する場合は、これらの成分の量は液晶組成物に対して５質量％以下が好ましく、２質量％以下が特に好ましい。この場合の液晶の総量は、液晶組成物に対して９５〜１００質量％が好ましく、９８〜１００質量％が特に好ましい。なお、重合開始剤の割合については後述する。
The total amount of polymerizable liquid crystal such as compound (1) and compound (3) contained in the liquid crystal composition (hereinafter referred to as “total amount of liquid crystal”) and the ratio of other components are preferably adjusted depending on the application. . For example, when a chiral agent is used as the other component, the total amount of liquid crystal is preferably 20 to 95% by mass, particularly preferably 50 to 95% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition. The amount of the chiral agent is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 50% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition.
When the dichroic dye is used as the other component, the total amount of the liquid crystal is preferably 80 to 99% by mass, particularly preferably 82 to 97% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition. The amount of the dichroic dye is preferably 1 to 20% by mass and particularly preferably 3 to 18% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition.
When an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer or the like is used as the other component, the amount of these components is preferably 5% by mass or less and particularly preferably 2% by mass or less with respect to the liquid crystal composition. In this case, the total amount of the liquid crystal is preferably 95 to 100% by mass, particularly preferably 98 to 100% by mass with respect to the liquid crystal composition. The ratio of the polymerization initiator will be described later.
本発明の光学異方性材料は、前記液晶組成物を、該液晶組成物が液晶相を示す状態で、かつ液晶が配向した状態で重合反応を行うことによって得られる。
液晶組成物が液晶相を示す状態に保つためには、雰囲気温度をネマチック相−等方相相転移温度（Ｔc）以下にすればよいが、Ｔc に近い温度では液晶組成物のΔｎ値がきわめて小さいので、雰囲気温度の上限は（Ｔc−１０）℃以下とすることが好ましい。
重合反応としては、光重合反応および熱重合反応等が挙げられ、光重合反応が好ましい。光重合反応に用いる光としては、紫外線または可視光線が好ましい。光重合反応を行う場合は光重合開始剤を用いることが好ましく、アセトフェノン類、ベンゾフェノン類、ベンゾイン類、ベンジル類、ミヒラーケトン類、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル類、ベンジルジメチルケタール類、およびチオキサントン類等から適宜選択される。光重合開始剤は１種または２種以上を使用できる。光重合開始剤の量は、液晶組成物の全体量に対して０．１〜５質量％が好ましく、０．３〜２質量％が特に好ましい。
The optically anisotropic material of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting the liquid crystal composition to a polymerization reaction in a state where the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase and the liquid crystal is aligned.
In order to keep the liquid crystal composition in a state exhibiting a liquid crystal phase, the ambient temperature may be set to be equal to or lower than the nematic phase-isotropic phase transition temperature (T c ), but at a temperature close to T c , the Δn value of the liquid crystal composition Therefore, the upper limit of the ambient temperature is preferably (T c −10) ° C. or lower.
Examples of the polymerization reaction include a photopolymerization reaction and a thermal polymerization reaction, and a photopolymerization reaction is preferred. The light used for the photopolymerization reaction is preferably ultraviolet light or visible light. When performing a photopolymerization reaction, it is preferable to use a photopolymerization initiator, which is appropriately selected from acetophenones, benzophenones, benzoins, benzyls, Michler's ketones, benzoin alkyl ethers, benzyl dimethyl ketals, thioxanthones, and the like. The 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for a photoinitiator. 0.1-5 mass% is preferable with respect to the whole quantity of a liquid-crystal composition, and, as for the quantity of a photoinitiator, 0.3-2 mass% is especially preferable.
つぎに本発明の光学素子について説明する。本発明の光学素子は、配向処理が施された１対の支持体間に前記液晶組成物を挟持し、該液晶組成物が液晶相を示す状態で、かつ液晶が配向した状態で重合反応を行うことによって得られる。
支持体としては、ガラス製または樹脂製の透明基板に配向処理を施した支持体が好ましい。配向処理は、綿、羊毛、ナイロン、ポリエステル等の繊維で透明基板表面を直接ラビングする方法、透明基板表面にポリイミド配向膜を積層した後に該配向膜表面を上記繊維等でラビングする方法、透明基板表面に無機材料を斜方蒸着する方法等によって行うことが好ましい。
つぎに、配向処理が施された面にガラスビーズなどのスペーサを配置し、複数枚の支持体を所望の間隔に制御して対向させ、支持体間に液晶組成物を挟持した後に重合反応を行う。重合反応は、前記光学異方性材料を作製する場合の重合反応と同様に行うことができる。重合反応によって得られた光学素子は、支持体に挟持したまま用いてもよく、支持体から剥離して用いてもよい。
Next, the optical element of the present invention will be described. In the optical element of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between a pair of supports subjected to alignment treatment, and the polymerization reaction is performed in a state where the liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase and the liquid crystal is aligned. Obtained by doing.
As the support, a support obtained by subjecting a transparent substrate made of glass or resin to an orientation treatment is preferable. The alignment treatment is a method of directly rubbing the transparent substrate surface with fibers such as cotton, wool, nylon, polyester, etc., a method of laminating a polyimide alignment film on the transparent substrate surface and then rubbing the alignment film surface with the above fibers, etc., transparent substrate It is preferable to carry out the method by oblique deposition of an inorganic material on the surface.
Next, spacers such as glass beads are arranged on the surface subjected to the alignment treatment, and a plurality of supports are opposed to each other at a desired interval, and after the liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between the supports, a polymerization reaction is performed. Do. The polymerization reaction can be performed in the same manner as the polymerization reaction for producing the optically anisotropic material. The optical element obtained by the polymerization reaction may be used while being sandwiched between supports, or may be used after being peeled off from the support.
本発明の光学異方性材料および光学素子は、青色レーザー光に対して良好な耐久性を示すので、該レーザー光を変調する用途に有用である。特に、該レーザー光の位相状態および／または波面状態を変調する用途に使用される光学異方性材料や該光学異方性材料からなる部材を有する光学素子として有用である。たとえば、偏光ホログラム等の回折素子、位相板等として光ヘッド装置に搭載して使用される。偏光ホログラムとしては、レーザー光源からの出射光が光ディスクの情報記録面によって反射されて発生する信号光を分離し、受光素子へ導光する例が挙げられる。位相板としては、１／２波長板として使用し、レーザー光源からの出射光の位相差制御を行う例、１／４波長板として光路中に設置し、レーザー光源の出力を安定化する例が挙げられる。 Since the optically anisotropic material and optical element of the present invention exhibit good durability against blue laser light, they are useful for applications that modulate the laser light. In particular, it is useful as an optical element having an optically anisotropic material used for modulating the phase state and / or wavefront state of the laser beam and a member made of the optically anisotropic material. For example, the optical head device is used as a diffraction element such as a polarization hologram, a phase plate, or the like. Examples of the polarization hologram include an example in which signal light generated by light emitted from a laser light source being reflected by an information recording surface of an optical disc is separated and guided to a light receiving element. Examples of phase plates that are used as half-wave plates and control the phase difference of the light emitted from the laser light source, and examples that are installed in the optical path as quarter-wave plates to stabilize the output of the laser light source. Can be mentioned.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって限定されない。ただし、例１〜例３は実施例であり、例４は比較例である。なお、以下の例における光重合開始剤は、チバスペシャリティーケミカルズ社製のイルガキュアー９０７である。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. However, Examples 1 to 3 are examples, and Example 4 is a comparative example. In addition, the photoinitiator in the following examples is Irgacure 907 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
［例１］化合物（１Ａ）の合成例
［例１−１］化合物（Ｂ１）の合成例
還流装置、撹拌機を装備した１Ｌの４つ口フラスコに化合物（Ａ１）（２１．６ｇ）、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルジメチルシリルクロリド（２５ｇ）、イミダゾール（１．００ｇ）、およびテトラヒドロフラン（２００ｍＬ）を加え、３時間反応を行った。反応終了後、水およびジエチルエーテルを加えて分液し、有機層を回収した。回収した有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液（４０ｍＬ）で洗浄し、つぎに水洗し、再度有機層を回収した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後、減圧濾過によって無水硫酸マグネシウムを除去した。濾液を濃縮することによって粉末結晶を得た。この粉末結晶にジクロロメタンとヘキサンとの混合溶媒（９０ｍＬ）を加えて再結晶を行い、化合物（Ｂ１）（３４．３ｇ）を得た。収率は９０％であった。
[Example 1] Synthesis example of compound (1A) [Example 1-1] Synthesis example of compound (B1)
Compound (A1) (21.6 g), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (25 g), imidazole (1.00 g), and tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) were added to a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a reflux apparatus and a stirrer. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, water and diethyl ether were added for liquid separation, and the organic layer was recovered. The collected organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (40 mL), then washed with water, and the organic layer was collected again. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then anhydrous magnesium sulfate was removed by filtration under reduced pressure. Powder crystals were obtained by concentrating the filtrate. A mixed solvent (90 mL) of dichloromethane and hexane was added to the powder crystals and recrystallization was performed to obtain a compound (B1) (34.3 g). The yield was 90%.
［例１−２］化合物（Ｄ１）の合成例
［例１−３］化合物（Ｅ１）の合成例
［例１−４］化合物（Ｆ１）の合成例
［例１−５］化合物（Ｇ１）の合成例
［例１−６］化合物（Ｈ１）の合成例
［例１−７］化合物（１Ａ）の合成例
還流装置、撹拌機、滴下装置を装備した５００ｍＬの４つ口フラスコに例１−６で得た化合物（Ｈ１）（１．８ｇ）、トリエチルアミン（０．６９ｇ）、およびテトラヒドロフラン（３００ｍＬ）を加えた。窒素気流下で、内温が２０℃を超えないように氷冷しながら、アクリル酸クロリド（０．６２ｇ）を滴下し、２４時間撹拌した。反応終了後、例１−１と同様に後処理および再結晶を行い、化合物（１Ａ）を１．８ｇを得た。収率は９０％であった。
[Example 1-7] Synthesis example of compound (1A)
The compound (H1) (1.8 g) obtained in Example 1-6, triethylamine (0.69 g), and tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) were added to a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a reflux apparatus, a stirrer, and a dropping apparatus. . Acrylic acid chloride (0.62 g) was added dropwise and stirred for 24 hours while cooling with ice so that the internal temperature did not exceed 20 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. After completion of the reaction, post-treatment and recrystallization were performed in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to obtain 1.8 g of compound (1A). The yield was 90%.
化合物（１Ａ）の1ＨＮＭＲスペクトル；
1ＨＮＭＲ（４００ＭＨｚ、溶媒：ＣＤＣｌ3、内部標準：ＴＭＳ）δ（ｐｐｍ）：０．９０（ｔ、３Ｈ）、１．２〜１．４（ｍ、８Ｈ）、１．９１（ｍ、５Ｈ）、２．４８（ｍ、１Ｈ）、２．９（ｓ、４Ｈ）、６．０〜６．７(ｍ、３Ｈ)、７．１〜７．３（ｄｄ、８Ｈ）、７．４〜７．６（ｄｄ、４Ｈ）。
1 HNMR spectrum of compound (1A);
1 HNMR (400 MHz, solvent: CDCl 3 , internal standard: TMS) δ (ppm): 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.2-1.4 (m, 8H), 1.91 (m, 5H) 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.9 (s, 4H), 6.0 to 6.7 (m, 3H), 7.1 to 7.3 (dd, 8H), 7.4 to 7 .6 (dd, 4H).
化合物（１Ａ）の結晶相からネマチック相への相転移温度は２１０℃であった。また、化合物（１Ａ）の６０℃における波長５８９ｎｍのレーザー光に対するΔｎは０．２５４９（外挿値）であった。 The phase transition temperature from the crystal phase of compound (1A) to the nematic phase was 210 ° C. In addition, Δn of the compound (1A) with respect to laser light having a wavelength of 589 nm at 60 ° C. was 0.2549 (extrapolated value).
［例２］液晶組成物の調製例（その１）
例１で得た化合物（１Ａ）、下記化合物（３Ｂｃ−３）、および下記化合物（３Ｂｃ−５）を１４：１４：１３（モル比）で混合して、液晶組成物Ａを得た。
液晶組成物Ａは７１℃でネマチック相を示した。またネマチック相から等方相への相転移温度は１２４℃以上であった。
つぎに、液晶組成物Ａに光重合開始剤を液晶組成物Ａに対して、０．５質量％添加し、液晶組成物Ａ１を得た。
[Example 2 ] Preparation Example of Liquid Crystal Composition (Part 1)
The compound (1A) obtained in Example 1, the following compound (3Bc-3), and the following compound (3Bc-5) were mixed at 14:14:13 (molar ratio) to obtain a liquid crystal composition A.
Liquid crystal composition A exhibited a nematic phase at 71 ° C. The phase transition temperature from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase was 124 ° C. or higher.
Next, 0.5% by mass of a photopolymerization initiator was added to the liquid crystal composition A with respect to the liquid crystal composition A to obtain a liquid crystal composition A1.
［例３］光学素子の作製例（その１）
［例３−１］光学素子Ａの作製例
縦５ｃｍ、横５ｃｍ、厚さ０．５ｍｍのガラス基板にポリイミド溶液をスピンコータで塗布して乾燥した後、ナイロンクロスで一定方向にラビング処理して支持体を作製した。
配向処理を施した面が向かい合うように、２枚の支持体を接着剤を用いて貼り合わせてセルを作製した。接着剤には、直径４μｍのガラスビーズを添加し、支持体の間隔が４μｍになるように調整した。
つぎに、前記セル内に、例２で調製した液晶組成物Ａ１を１０５℃で注入した。８０℃において、強度８０ｍＷ／ｃｍ2の紫外線を積算光量が５３００ｍＪ／ｃｍ2となるよう照射して光重合反応を行って光学素子Ａを得た。光学素子Ａは基板のラビング方向に水平配向していた。光学素子Ａは可視域で透明であり、散乱も認められなかった。また、波長５８９ｎｍのレーザー光に対するΔｎは０．０３６であった。
[Example 3 ] Example of optical element production (part 1)
[Example 3 -1] Preparation Example longitudinal 5cm of the optical element A, the horizontal 5cm, was applied and dried in a spin coater a polyimide solution on a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm, supported by rubbing in a predetermined direction with a nylon cloth The body was made.
The two substrates were bonded using an adhesive so that the surfaces subjected to the orientation treatment face each other to produce a cell. Glass beads having a diameter of 4 μm were added to the adhesive, and the spacing between the supports was adjusted to 4 μm.
Next, the liquid crystal composition A1 prepared in Example 2 was injected into the cell at 105 ° C. In 80 ° C., to obtain an optical element A by performing a photopolymerization reaction by irradiation to ultraviolet integrated quantity of light intensity 80 mW / cm 2 is 5300mJ / cm 2. The optical element A was horizontally aligned in the rubbing direction of the substrate. Optical element A was transparent in the visible range, and no scattering was observed. In addition, Δn with respect to laser light having a wavelength of 589 nm was 0.036.
［例３−２］光学素子Ａの評価例
例３−１で得た光学素子ＡについてＫｒレーザー（波長４０７ｎｍ、４１３ｎｍのマルチモード）を照射し、青色レーザー光曝露加速試験を行った。照射条件は、温度６０℃、積算曝露エネルギー１６Ｗ・ｈｏｕｒ／ｍｍ2とした。加速試験前のΔｎに対する試験後のΔｎの低下率は２％未満であったことから、光学素子Ａは青色レーザー光に対する耐久性に優れることを確認した。
[Example 3-2] Evaluation of optical element A Example Example 3 Kr laser for optical element A was obtained by -1 irradiated (wavelength 407 nm, multimode 413 nm), it was subjected to exposure acceleration test blue laser beam. The irradiation conditions were a temperature of 60 ° C. and an integrated exposure energy of 16 W · hour / mm 2 . Since the decrease rate of Δn after the test with respect to Δn before the acceleration test was less than 2%, it was confirmed that the optical element A was excellent in durability against blue laser light.
［例４］
［例４−１］液晶組成物の調製例
下記化合物（４ａ）、下記化合物（４ｂ）、下記化合物（４ｃ）、下記化合物（４ｄ）を１：１：１：１（質量比）で混合し、液晶組成物Ｆを調製した。つぎに、液晶組成物Ｆに光重合開始剤を液晶組成物Ｆに対して０．５質量％添加し、液晶組成物Ｆ１を得た。
[Example 4-1] Preparation following compounds in the liquid crystal composition (4a), the following compound (4b), the following compound (4c), the following compound (4d) 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture (weight ratio) A liquid crystal composition F was prepared. Next, 0.5% by mass of a photopolymerization initiator was added to the liquid crystal composition F with respect to the liquid crystal composition F to obtain a liquid crystal composition F1.
［例４−２］光学素子の作製・評価例
液晶組成物Ａ１を、例４−１で得た液晶組成物Ｆ１に変更する以外は、例３−１と同様の方法で光学素子Ｆを得た。波長５８９ｎｍのレーザー光に対するΔｎは０．０４６であった。また、光学素子Ｆは可視光領域で透明であり、散乱も認められなかった。
光学素子Ｆに対して例３−２と同様の方法で青色レーザー光曝露加速試験を行った。加速試験前のΔｎに対する試験後のΔｎの低下率は３０％であった。また、試験後の波長４０５ｎｍのレーザー光の透過率は試験前の６０％に低下していた。
[Example 4 -2] Preparation and evaluation Examples crystal composition A1 of the optical elements, except for changing the liquid crystal composition F1 obtained in Example 4 -1, to obtain an optical element F in the same manner as in Example 3 -1 It was. Δn with respect to laser light having a wavelength of 589 nm was 0.046. The optical element F was transparent in the visible light region, and no scattering was observed.
It was exposed accelerated test blue laser beam in the same manner as in Example 3-2 with respect to the optical element F. The decrease rate of Δn after the test with respect to Δn before the acceleration test was 30%. Further, the transmittance of the laser beam having a wavelength of 405 nm after the test was reduced to 60% before the test.
本発明の化合物は、光学異方性材料に要求される特性を満たし、かつ青色レーザー光に対する耐久性に優れた化合物である。本発明の化合物を含む液晶組成物を重合してなる光学異方性材料は青色レーザー光に対する耐久性に優れることから、青色レーザー光を変調する回折素子および位相板等の材料として有効に用いうる。 The compound of the present invention is a compound that satisfies the characteristics required for an optically anisotropic material and is excellent in durability against blue laser light. Since the optically anisotropic material obtained by polymerizing the liquid crystal composition containing the compound of the present invention is excellent in durability against blue laser light, it can be effectively used as a material such as a diffraction element and a phase plate for modulating blue laser light. .
Claims (7)
ＣＨ2＝ＣＲ1−ＣＯＯ−（Ｌ）n−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］p−Ｐｈ−［（ＣＨ2）2］q−Ｃｙ−Ｒ2・・・（１）
ただし、式中の記号は以下の意味を示す。
Ｒ1：水素原子またはメチル基。
Ｒ2：炭素数１〜８のアルキル基。
Ｌ：１，４−フェニレン基。
ｎ：１。
ｐ、ｑ：０または１。ただし、ｐが０の場合のｑは１であり、ｐが１の場合のｑは０である。 A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (1).
CH 2 = CR 1 -COO- (L ) n -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] p -Ph - [(CH 2) 2] q -Cy-R 2 ··· (1)
However, the symbols in the formulas have the following meanings.
R 1 : a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
R 2 : an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
L: 1,4-phenylene group .
n: 1.
p, q: 0 or 1. However, q is 1 when p is 0, and q is 0 when p is 1.
前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物と前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物以外の重合性液晶化合物との合計含有量が、液晶組成物に対して９０質量％以上であり、液晶組成物中の全重合性液晶化合物に対する前記式（１）で表される重合性液晶化合物の割合が２０モル％以上であることを特徴とする重合性液晶組成物。The total content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) is 90% by mass or more based on the liquid crystal composition. A polymerizable liquid crystal composition, wherein the ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula (1) to the total polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition is 20 mol% or more.
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| JPH1195205A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-09 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Optical anisotropic film, method of manufacturing the same, and liquid crystal display |
| JPH11148077A (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-06-02 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Liquid crystal composition and optically anisotropic body using the same |
| JP2002348330A (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-04 | Nitto Denko Corp | Side chain-type liquid crystalline polymer, liquid crystalline composition, preparation of homeotropicaly oriented liquid crystalline film, and homeotropicaly oriented liquid crystalline film |
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| JPH1087565A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-04-07 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Monofunctional polymerizable compound, and liquid crystalline polymer comprising its polymer |
| JPH1195205A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-09 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Optical anisotropic film, method of manufacturing the same, and liquid crystal display |
| JPH11148077A (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-06-02 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Liquid crystal composition and optically anisotropic body using the same |
| JP2002348330A (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-04 | Nitto Denko Corp | Side chain-type liquid crystalline polymer, liquid crystalline composition, preparation of homeotropicaly oriented liquid crystalline film, and homeotropicaly oriented liquid crystalline film |
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