JP4636278B2 - Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a technique for monitoring forced regeneration in a DPF (diesel particulate filter).

A DPF is known as a device for purifying exhaust gas from a diesel engine. DPF is
It is provided in the exhaust passage and collects particulates (hereinafter referred to as PM) in the exhaust. In addition, in order to remove the PM collected and accumulated in the DPF, an oxidation catalyst is provided upstream of the DPF, and the unburnt fuel is allowed to flow into the oxidation catalyst to raise the exhaust gas temperature. Further, forced regeneration that burns soot, which is the main component of PM, is known.

The forced regeneration is normally started when the amount of accumulated PM in the DPF reaches an allowable limit value, and is performed for a certain period of time so that all the soot in the accumulated PM burns. In this apparatus, in order to know the PM accumulation amount, for example, an apparatus is known that detects the differential pressure of the exhaust gas upstream and downstream of the DPF and calculates the PM accumulation amount based on this differential pressure. .
Furthermore, a system for monitoring the execution state of forced regeneration is also known in order to prevent forced regeneration from being performed more frequently than the allowable limit due to the occurrence of PM abnormality due to engine failure (Patent Document 1). ).
JP 2005-54631 A

However, in the monitoring system of Patent Document 1, since it is determined that there is an abnormality when the forced regeneration is continuously performed a predetermined number of times at an interval shorter than the allowable limit value, for example, the forced regeneration is an interval longer than the allowable limit value. When the process is repeated alternately with a short interval, it cannot be determined that there is an abnormality, and it is difficult to reliably perform the abnormality determination.
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust emission control device capable of reliably determining abnormality in forced regeneration.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a filter is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and collects particulates in the exhaust, and operates at intervals based on the accumulation state of particulates in the filter. The forced regeneration means for forcibly regenerating the filter by burning the particulates accumulated on the filter, the operation interval detection means for detecting the operation interval of the forced regeneration means, and the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection means are: A counter that adds the count value when it is shorter than the first predetermined interval, and subtracts the count value when it is longer than the second predetermined interval, and an internal combustion engine or an internal combustion engine when the count value of the counter exceeds a predetermined number of times And an abnormality determining means for determining that the exhaust system of the engine is abnormal.

The exhaust system of the internal combustion engine includes at least forced regeneration means.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the filter is provided, and the abnormality determination means includes the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection means and the forced regeneration means. The count value of the counter is added or subtracted based on the maximum value of the temperature of the filter detected by the temperature detecting means at the time of regeneration.

According to a third aspect of the invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the internal combustion engine is mounted on the vehicle as a driving source for traveling, and the operation interval detected by the operation interval detecting means is from the end of the operation of the forced regeneration means. It is a mileage of the vehicle until the next start of operation.
In the invention of claim 4, in the invention of claim 1 or 2, the operation interval detected by the operation interval detecting means is an operation time of the internal combustion engine from the end of the operation of the forced regeneration means to the start of the next operation. It is characterized by that.

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further provided is a notifying means for notifying the driver of the determination result by the abnormality determining means.

  According to the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine of claim 1 of the present invention, when the operation interval of the forced regeneration means is shorter than the predetermined interval, the count value is added, while when the operation interval of the forced regeneration means is longer than the predetermined interval. When the count value is subtracted and the count value exceeds a predetermined number, it is determined that the internal combustion engine or the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is abnormal. Therefore, even if the operation interval of the forced regeneration means is not continuously shorter than the predetermined interval, if the number of times shorter than the predetermined interval is greater than the long number of times, it is determined that there is an abnormality, so that the accuracy of abnormality determination can be improved. it can.

  According to the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, the abnormality determination is performed based not only on the operation interval of the forced regeneration means but also on the maximum temperature of the filter at the time of forced regeneration. I can grasp it. For example, when the operation interval of the forced regeneration means is shortened, if the maximum temperature is higher than a predetermined value, it can be found that a large amount of particulate is actually accumulated on the filter, while if the maximum temperature is lower than the predetermined value, The forced regeneration means operates in spite of the fact that a large amount of curate is not accumulated, and it can be determined that some abnormality has occurred in the internal combustion engine.

Further, according to the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, it is possible to easily perform the abnormality determination based on the travel distance of the vehicle.
According to the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, it is possible to easily perform the abnormality determination based on the operation time of the internal combustion engine.
Further, according to the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the fifth aspect, the driver can easily recognize the abnormality by detecting the abnormality.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration diagram of an engine (internal combustion engine) 1 to which an exhaust emission control device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
The engine 1 is, for example, a common rail type in-line multi-cylinder diesel engine. The cylinder head 2 of the engine 1 is provided with an electromagnetic fuel injection nozzle 4 for each cylinder facing the combustion chamber 3. Each fuel injection nozzle 4 is connected to a common rail 6 by a high-pressure pipe 5, and the common rail 6 is connected to a high-pressure pump 8 via a high-pressure pipe 7. The high-pressure pump 8 has a function of supplying the fuel (light oil) stored in the fuel tank 9 to the common rail 6. The fuel supplied to the common rail 6 is stored in a high-pressure state and burns from each fuel injection nozzle 4. It is injected into the chamber 3.

The cylinder head 2 is formed with an intake port 10 and an exhaust port 11 communicating with the combustion chamber for each cylinder. An intake pipe 12 is connected to the intake port 10, and an exhaust pipe 13 is connected to the exhaust port 11. ing. The cylinder head 2 is provided with an intake valve 14 that opens and closes the intake port 10 and an exhaust valve 15 that opens and closes the exhaust port 11.
The intake pipe 12 is provided with an electromagnetic intake throttle valve 16 that adjusts the amount of intake air, and an airflow sensor 17 that detects the intake flow rate upstream thereof.

Between the exhaust pipe 13 and the intake pipe 12, an EGR pipe 18 in which an EGR valve 19 that is an electromagnetic on-off valve is inserted is provided. One end of the EGR pipe 18 is connected to the exhaust pipe 13 in the vicinity of the exhaust port 11, and the other end is connected to the intake pipe 12 in the vicinity of the intake port 10, and the exhaust pipe 13 and the intake pipe 12 are communicated.
A catalyst unit 20 and a DPF (corresponding to the filter of the present invention) 21 are interposed in the exhaust pipe 13 in order from the upstream side. The catalyst unit 20 is formed by accommodating a first oxidation catalyst 22 and a second oxidation catalyst 23 in a cylindrical case. The first oxidation catalyst 22 is provided on the exhaust upstream side, and the second oxidation catalyst 23 is provided downstream from the first oxidation catalyst 22. The first oxidation catalyst 22 and the second oxidation catalyst 23 are formed by supporting a catalyst noble metal such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) on a porous wall forming a passage. In addition to oxidizing the CO and HC in the exhaust gas to convert them into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, it has the function of oxidizing NO in the exhaust gas to generate NO ₂ .

  The DPF 21 of the present embodiment has an oxidation catalyst function (oxidation catalyst support type). The DPF 21, for example, has a function of alternately closing the upstream side and the downstream side of the honeycomb carrier passage with plugs to collect PM in the exhaust, and further, on the porous wall forming the passage. It is formed by supporting a catalytic noble metal such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh).

  A first temperature sensor 24 that detects an exhaust temperature Tfa immediately before flowing into the first oxidation catalyst 22 is provided in the vicinity of the upstream side of the first oxidation catalyst 22. Between the first oxidation catalyst 22 and the second oxidation catalyst 23, a second temperature sensor 25 for detecting the exhaust temperature Tfb immediately after passing through the first oxidation catalyst 22 is provided. A third temperature sensor 26 (temperature detection means) that detects the exhaust gas temperature immediately after passing through the DPF 21 as the temperature Tfc of the DPF 21 is provided on the downstream side of the DPF 21. Furthermore, a differential pressure sensor 27 that detects a differential pressure Pd between the upstream side and the downstream side of the DPF 21 is provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the DPF 21.

The ECU 30 is a control device for performing comprehensive control including operation control of the engine 1, and includes an input / output device, a storage device (ROM, RAM, nonvolatile RAM, etc.), a central processing unit (CPU), and the like. It consists of
On the input side of the ECU 30, in addition to the airflow sensor 17, the first temperature sensor 24, the second temperature sensor 25, the third temperature sensor 26, and the differential pressure sensor 27 described above, the crank angle of the engine 1 is detected. A crank angle sensor 31, an accelerator position sensor 32 that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal, a vehicle speed sensor 33 that detects the vehicle speed, and the like are connected, and detection information from these sensors is input.

  On the other hand, various output devices such as the fuel injection nozzle 4, the intake throttle valve 16, and the EGR valve 19 are connected to the output side of the ECU 30. These various output devices output the fuel injection amount, the fuel injection timing, the EGR amount, etc. calculated by the ECU 30 based on the detection information from the various sensors. Control of the nozzle 4 and the EGR valve 19 is performed. Further, the ECU 30 includes a counter that starts resetting and counting when forced regeneration starts, and has a function of measuring the vehicle travel distance La from the end of forced regeneration described later to the start of the next forced regeneration. Have (operation interval detection means).

As described above, by disposing the first oxidation catalyst 22 and the second oxidation catalyst 23 upstream of the DPF 21, NO ₂ flows into the DPF 21 from the downstream second oxidation catalyst 23 and is collected in the DPF 21. It reacts and oxidizes with soot, which is a carbon component in the deposited PM. The oxidized soot becomes CO _{2 and} is removed from the DPF 21, and the DPF 21 is continuously regenerated (continuous regeneration).

  In the continuous regeneration described above, the DPF 21 may not be sufficiently regenerated depending on the operating condition of the engine 1. Therefore, the ECU 30 causes forced regeneration when the PM accumulates in the DPF 21 more than the allowable amount. The forced regeneration is performed by performing post-injection after main fuel injection during engine operation, and exhausting exhaust gas containing unburned fuel to the exhaust pipe 13 for a certain period of time. Unburned fuel in the exhaust flows into the first oxidation catalyst 22 and oxidizes to raise the exhaust temperature. Thereby, the soot in PM deposited on the DPF 21 is burned, and the DPF 21 is regenerated. A system that performs this forced regeneration corresponds to the forced regeneration means of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the forced regeneration abnormality determination procedure. Hereinafter, the forced regeneration abnormality determination control according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart.
This routine is started when the engine 1 starts operating, and is repeatedly executed while the engine 1 is operating.
First, in step S10, it is determined whether or not forced regeneration has started. If the forced regeneration has started, the process proceeds to step S12.

  In step S12, it is determined whether or not the vehicle travel distance La from the end of the previous forced regeneration to the start of the next forced regeneration is smaller than the predetermined travel distance L1. If the vehicle travel distance La is smaller than the predetermined travel distance L1, the process proceeds to step S16. The predetermined travel distance L1 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the forced regeneration execution interval (operational interval of the forced regeneration means) is abnormal, and may be set by checking in advance through experiments or the like.

In step S16, the count value Nc of the counter is added. Then, the process proceeds to step S30.
On the other hand, if it is determined in step S12 that the vehicle travel distance La is equal to or greater than the predetermined travel distance L1, the process proceeds to step S20.
In step S20, it is determined whether or not the vehicle travel distance La after the previous forced regeneration ends is greater than a predetermined travel distance L2. If the vehicle travel distance La is greater than the predetermined travel distance L2, the process proceeds to step S24.

In step S24, the count value Nc of the counter is subtracted. Then, the process proceeds to step S30.
On the other hand, if it is determined in step S20 that the vehicle travel distance La is equal to or less than the predetermined travel distance L2, the process proceeds to step S30.
In step S30, it is determined whether or not the count value Nc is greater than a predetermined number N1. If the counter Nc is greater than the predetermined number N1, the process proceeds to step S32. When the count value Nc is equal to or less than the predetermined number N1, this routine is terminated.

  In step S32, it is determined that the forced regeneration system is abnormal. Then, this routine ends. Furthermore, based on this abnormality determination, for example, a driver may be notified using a warning light, a warning buzzer, or the like (notification means), or execution of forced regeneration may be stopped. Thus, in the present embodiment, it is determined whether or not the forced regeneration interval, more specifically, whether the vehicle travel distance La from the end of the forced regeneration to the start of the next forced regeneration is less than the predetermined travel distance L1. When the distance is less than the predetermined travel distance L1, the count value Nc of the counter is added. When the distance is greater than the predetermined travel distance L2, the count value Nc is subtracted. When the count value Nc reaches the predetermined number N1, it is determined that there is an abnormality. Therefore, even if a state where the forced regeneration execution interval is shorter than the predetermined value is generated once, if the frequency of the longer state than the predetermined frequency is high, it is determined that there is no abnormality. If the frequency is shorter than the value, it is determined to be abnormal. Therefore, even when the forced regeneration execution interval varies, the accuracy of abnormality determination can be ensured. By preventing the forced regeneration from being performed abnormally, it is possible to suppress a reduction in fuel consumption and oil dilution, particularly by preventing the forced regeneration execution interval from becoming shorter than necessary.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an abnormality determination procedure for forced regeneration. Hereinafter, the abnormality determination control for forced regeneration according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment using the flowchart. Description of the parts is omitted, and only the differences are described.
If it is determined in step S12 that the vehicle travel distance La is smaller than the predetermined travel distance L1, the process proceeds to step S14.

  In step S14, it is determined whether or not a maximum temperature Tmax that is the maximum value of the temperature Tfc of the DPF 21 during the previous forced regeneration is greater than a predetermined temperature T1. If the maximum temperature Tmax is higher than the predetermined temperature T1, the process proceeds to step S16. If the maximum temperature Tmax is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T1, the process proceeds to step S20. The predetermined temperature T1 may be set to an upper limit temperature when an appropriate amount of soot is deposited on the DPF 21 and forcibly regenerated.

If it is determined in step S20 that the vehicle travel distance La is greater than the predetermined travel distance L2, the process proceeds to step S22.
In step S22, it is determined whether or not the maximum temperature Tmax during the previous forced regeneration is smaller than a predetermined temperature T1. If the maximum temperature Tmax is lower than the predetermined temperature T1, the process proceeds to step S24. If the maximum temperature Tmax is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T1, the process proceeds to step S30.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, when forced regeneration is started, whether or not the system that performs forced regeneration is abnormal is determined based not only on the vehicle travel distance La after the forced regeneration ends, The determination is also made based on the maximum temperature Tmax of the DPF 21 at the time of the previous forced regeneration. When the maximum temperature Tmax of the DPF 21 is high, it is estimated that a large amount of soot is actually accumulated, so that the vehicle travel distance La after the forced regeneration ends is small as in this embodiment, Further, when the maximum temperature Tmax of the DPF 21 is high, the counter value Nc is added, so that it can be determined that an abnormally large amount of soot is generated. Further, the counter value Nc may be added when the vehicle travel distance La after the end of the forced regeneration is small and the maximum temperature Tmax of the DPF 21 is low. In such a case, it can be found that the differential pressure sensor 27 is abnormal or that a large amount of unburned material other than soot such as ash is accumulated in the DPF 21.

  In the above embodiment, the addition / subtraction of the count value Nc is determined based on the vehicle travel distance La from the end of the forced regeneration to the start of the next forced regeneration, but is not limited to this. Instead, for example, the determination may be made based on the operation time of the engine 1 from the end of the forced regeneration to the start of the next forced regeneration. In this case, the count value Nc is added or subtracted depending on whether or not the operation time of the engine 1 from the end of the forced regeneration to the start of the next forced regeneration is less than the operation time corresponding to the predetermined travel distance L1. That's fine.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the abnormality determination procedure of forced regeneration which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the abnormality determination procedure of forced regeneration which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Engine 3 Fuel injection nozzle 21 DPF
26 Third temperature sensor 30 ECU

Claims (5)

A filter provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine for collecting particulates in the exhaust;
A forced regeneration means that operates at intervals based on the accumulation state of the particulates in the filter, burns the particulates deposited on the filter, and forcibly regenerates the filter;
An operation interval detecting means for detecting an operation interval of the forced regeneration means;
A counter that adds a count value when the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection means is shorter than a predetermined interval, and subtracts the count value when longer than the predetermined interval;
An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: an abnormality determination unit that determines that the internal combustion engine or an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is abnormal when a count value of the counter exceeds a predetermined number of times. A temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the filter;
The abnormality determination means is based on the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection means and the maximum temperature of the filter detected by the temperature detection means during forced regeneration by the forced regeneration means. 2. The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the count value of the counter is added or subtracted. The internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle as a driving source for traveling,
3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection unit is a travel distance of the vehicle from the end of the operation of the forced regeneration unit to the start of the next operation. Exhaust purification device.   The internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operation interval detected by the operation interval detection means is an operation time of the internal combustion engine from the end of the operation of the forced regeneration means to the start of the next operation. Exhaust purification equipment.   The exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising notification means for notifying a driver of a determination result by the abnormality determination means.

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